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1
Garza, Maria. "Second Language Recall in Methods of Learning." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6788.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation examined the relationship between the acquisition and recall of English language vocabulary. This study explored 2 different learning recall strategies to determine which approach was the quickest or more efficient way to remember vocabulary words. Previous researchers had focused on learning a second language phonetically and had not explored different instructional strategies to study the most useful or quickest way to learn a second language for adults. However, there remains an important gap in the current research regarding how to present different methods of instruction to acquire a new second language more rapidly. The purpose of this study was to determine which method was easier and quicker to assist the second language learner to recall and acquire vocabulary. The sample came from 3 different adult second language classrooms. The participants completed a pretest to assess their English word knowledge before the treatment. The participants had a timed 15-min or 30-min period to learn the cards for recall using flash cards with words only or with words and pictures. Once the period was over, the participants completed a posttest measure of language acquisition. There were no statistically significant differences in posttest scores based on method of learning, length of time for learning, or the interaction between the two. The results of the study added to the research on determining whether different instructional methods assisted an adult second language learner to acquire a second language more swiftly.
2
Tsai, Pei-Chen. "Online storybook as a facilitator for english as a second language learning." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2398.
Повний текст джерела
3
Nadal-Ramos, Vigimaris. "Lesson planning for college-level ESL/EFL| Mixed methods study to identify implications for teaching practices and student learning." Thesis, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras (Puerto Rico), 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10249635.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study focused on how lesson planning takes place at the college level in contrast to how the process takes place in grades K through 12. The study was conducted through a survey and interviews to English professors at the College of General Studies at the University of Puerto Rico in Río Piedras. In order to conduct the research, factors such as academic background, teaching experience, context, age, teaching practices, motivation, and syllabus design were considered.
Data collected showed that planning does take place at the college level, first in the form of a semester-long syllabus and then in daily/weekly lesson plans that include varying degrees of detail. Lesson planning helps improve teacher performance by providing confidence. It improves student learning outcomes by helping them better understand the materials. Both, teachers and students, benefit from the focus and guidance planning provides.
Recommendations include creating teacher training programs in institutions of higher educations to provide the support teachers need to perform at their best and conducting further research in other departments, colleges, or campuses to see how planning takes places outside English courses.
4
Tsai, Tzu-Ru. "Innovative literacy content, methods, and assessment in English-as-a-foreign language primary instruction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2878.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The primary goal of this project is to offer Taiwanese teachers diverse innovative literacy instruction and assessments to motivate students' reading processes. Sample curriculum/lesson plans are included.
5
Andrianatos, Kristien. "An analysis of vocabulary instructional methods relevant for grade 4 learners / Kristien Andrianatos." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4305.
Повний текст джерела
6
Fagertun, Charlott. "Teaching English Vocabulary : A Case Study of TPRS and Reading Aloud as Teaching Methods in an Elementary School in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Engelska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32390.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are numerous methods of teaching English as a second language to pupils in the lower grades of elementary school. Previous research indicates that some teaching methods are successful among children in pre-school and older pupils, but few studies have investigated their effects on 6-8-year-old pupils. The aim of this study is to compare two teaching methods, TPRS and Reading Aloud, to decide which one is more effective in second language vocabulary learning. Previous research in the field is presented and compared to the results of this study. This case study was conducted in an elementary school in Sweden, with 12 pupils in their first year of compulsory school and 13 pupils in their second year of compulsory school. The results suggest that TPRS as a teaching method is more effective than reading aloud when it comes to second language vocabulary learning. Further research suggestions are also presented in this essay.
7
Mroz, Aurore Patricia. "Nature of L2 negotiation and co-construction of meaning in a problem-based virtual learning environment: a mixed methods study." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2951.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Adopting a Socio-Constructivist theoretical framework, this study investigated the French language discourse produced by a focal group of five intermediate learners of French while immersed in a virtual learning environment (VLE) and engaged in a problem-based activity. Adopting a mixed methods approach, this study analyzed both quantitative and qualitative data to examine the second language (L2) negotiation and co-construction of meaning process in this group's discourse; as well, it investigated these learners' emerging L2 critical thinking, problem solving, and technology literacy skills. Results indicated that the discourse produced by these students was significantly impacted by the problem-based activity itself, and characterized by a progressive trend towards higher levels of L2 critical thinking, with sustained episodes of negotiation and co-construction of meaning. Most notably, the discourse analysis indicated that it was during the consensus-building phase of the problem-based activity that most instances of higher level critical thinking occurred. Moreover, the 3-D representation of learners (as avatars) and space, as well as the immediacy of synchronous chat-based interactions in the VLE had a positive social, motivational, and linguistic impact on this process. These results lend support to the claim that VLEs, with an underlying problem-based and consensus-building component, provide optimal learning opportunities for learners to develop L2 critical thinking and problem solving abilities. Discussion is offered about the benefits of a mixed methods approach to research, as well as about the reliability and validity of Hull & Saxon's (2009) Interaction Analysis model for L2 discourse analysis. Implications for the L2 classroom as well as for future research on L2 negotiation of meaning are also provided.
8
Vasquez, Jorge. "Spanish Language Learning and Supporting Strategies in Mixed Classrooms at the Secondary Level." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6920.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Students in the United States take language courses for various reasons. Many Spanish heritage language learners (HLLs) and the majority of second language learners (L2Ls) enroll in Spanish classes in the United States. Based on state demographics, sometimes immigrants from Spanish-speaking countries join HLLs and L2Ls in mixed-classrooms. Many times, these groups take classes together, even though their language abilities, motivations, and linguistic needs differ significantly. Such a learning setting presents challenges for them as well as for instructors. This study builds upon and reinforces findings from previous studies regarding teaching mixed-classes. Data were gathered from 41 students taking AP Spanish at the secondary level through pre- and post-questionnaires, journal reflections, observations and interview with four of the participants. Findings reveal that all groups enjoyed working together in a mixed-classroom setting. Additionally, their language learning experience progressed as they worked collaboratively and learned reciprocally. The study found that scaffolded debates and class discussions aided students with their language learning. Furthermore, the study shows the need to help students with reading and literacy skills, listening skills and acquisition of Hispanic cultures. Lastly, the study also shows the importance of instructors' approaches, practices and materials to teaching mixed-classes and the need for focused and individualized instruction for better results with each group.
9
Colby, D. Christian. "Using "assessment for learning" practices with pre-university level students of English as a Second Language: a mixed methods study of teacher and student performance and beliefs." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103517.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of assessment to foster learning has become established in classroom settings in recent years, where it has drawn considerable research interest, as learners have come to take more responsibility for their learning. The Language Testing (LT) community has recently called for more research into advances in alternative assessment practices (Brookhart, 2005; Fox 2009; Harlen & Winter, 2004; McNamara 2001a, 2001b; Pellegrino et al., 2001; Poehner and Lantolf 2005; Rea-Dickins 2004; Shohamy, 2004; Turner, 2009). The present research reports on an exploratory study incorporating treatment and control groups, in which assessment for learning (AFL) principles were applied in two pre-university English for academic purposes (EAP) classes. The study focussed on student learning of a grammatical feature (the use of would and will in contingent use contexts) as a vehicle for investigating AFL. The study has sought to (a) interpret AFL by developing AFL procedures appropriate to a second language (L2) classroom, (b) apply these AFL procedures in an L2 classroom setting, and (c) investigate their effect on learning, and in addition, to investigate for evidence of the assessment bridge (AB), the area of classroom practice linking assessment, teaching, and learning. An AFL methodology for L2 settings was developed for the study in the form of teacher training. The AFL pedagogical materials included computer-assisted language learning (CALL), an online individual, group and teacher-class concept mapping exercises. The data collection instruments included the concept maps produced, classroom observation field notes, transcribed group and class discourse, teacher and student survey questionnaires, and pre- and post-treatment tests to indicate trends. The data were analyzed by mixed methods and the results triangulated. The results found evidence of several instances of the AB and suggest that the application of AFL procedures may have enhanced student learning of the modal usage in question. This study reporting concludes with a call for a research agenda in the LT community for further study of applications of an AFL approach in EAP classroom settings.Dans les dernières années, le recours à l'évaluation pour favoriser l'apprentissage est devenu une pratique courante dans les salles de classe. Cela a eu pour effet de créer un intérêt grandissant pour la recherche, puisque les apprenants prennent davantage leur apprentissage en main. La communauté des chercheurs en évaluation des langues a récemment demandé que plus de recherches soient faites sur les progrès dans le domaine des pratiques d'évaluation alternatives. (Brookhart, 2005; Fox 2009; Harlen & Winter, 2004; McNamara 2001a, 2001b; Pellegrino et al., 2001; Poehner et Lantolf 2005; Rea-Dickins 2004; Shohamy, 2004; Turner, 2009). La présente recherche fait état d'une étude exploratoire qui incorpore des groupes expérimentaux et contrôles, dans lesquels les principes de l'évaluation pour l'apprentissage (EPA) ont été appliqués et ce, dans deux cours d'anglais pour des études au niveau préuniversitaire. L'étude s'est appuyée sur l'apprentissage par les étudiants d'un trait grammatical (l'utilisation de would et will dans un contexte hypothétique) comme véhicule pour étudier l'EPA. Cette étude a cherché à (a) interpréter l'EPA en développant des procédures d'EPA appropriées pour une classe de langue seconde, (b) appliquer ces procédures dans une classe de langue seconde, et (c) étudier leur effet sur l'apprentissage, en plus de chercher des cas de pont évaluatif (PE), cette zone de la pratique pédagogique faisant le lien entre l'évaluation, l'enseignement et l'apprentissage. Dans le cadre de cette étude, une méthodologie de l'EPA dans un contexte de langue seconde a été développée sous la forme d'une formation des enseignants et le matériel pédagogique qui a été utilisé, incluait l'enseignement assisté par ordinateur (EAO), ainsi que 3 exercices de schématisation conceptuelle: individuel en-ligne, en petits groupes et en classe avec la participation de l'enseignant. Les instruments de collecte de données incluaient les schémas conceptuels produits, les notes d'observation prises en classe, la transcription des discussions de groupe et de classe, les questionnaires de sondages menés auprès des étudiants et des enseignants, ainsi que les prétests et les post-tests afin de démontrer certaines tendances. Les données ont été analysées utilisant une méthodologie mixte et les résultats triangulés. Ces derniers ont mis en évidence plusieurs occurrences du PE et ont suggéré que l'application des procédures d'EPA aurait aidé les étudiants dans leur apprentissage de cette forme grammaticale. Ce rapport d'étude recommande donc à la communauté des chercheurs en évaluation des langues de mener des recherches plus exhaustives au sujet des applications d'une approche de l'EPA dans le domaine des cours d'anglais.
10
Sedibe, Godwin Konotia Bully. "The achievement gap between learners who are assessed in a primary language and those assessed in a non-primary language in the natural sciences learning area." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2771.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.In the TIMMS-R report, which compared the performance of a South African cohort of learners with international peers in Science (and Mathematics), Howie (1999) highlighted that: • The biographical information of the South African cohort who performed below par in comparison with international peers indicated that they wrote the TIMMS literacy test in a second or third language. • Non-primary language learners spend considerably more time on homework compared to primary language learners. • There is no linear relationship between the amount of time spent on homework in Science and the average literacy level in the learning area amongst South African learners. Leveraging on the TIMMS report cited above, this study sought to establish the interrelationship between learning and being assessed in a non-primary language on one the hand and related performance on the other. Specifically, this study sought to establish the performance of non-primary language learners compared to primary language learners in the Natural Sciences Common Task for Assessment (CTA). There is a groundswell of evidence mounting that tends to suggest that primary language learners outperform their non-primary language counterparts in batteries of assessment instruments. This, however, is always clouded by other extraneous factors, chief amongst which, in the South African context at least, is the strong correlation between studying in a non-primary language and family socio-economic status (SES). SES has been identified elsewhere as a determinant of scholastic achievements(Blignaut, 1981; HCDS –WC, 2006).
11
Johansson, Veronika. "Flerspråkighet i den ordinarie undervisningen : En kvalitativ studie av några lärares inställning till modersmålsanvändning i den reguljära undervisningen." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53482.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arbetets intention är att undersöka ett urval av lärares inställning till användning av flerspråkiga elevers modersmål i den reguljära klassrumsundervisningen, vilka metoder som används och hur lärarna motiverar användningen av modersmålet i klassrummet samt hur de känner att det påverkar inlärningen och språkutvecklingen av andraspråket hos flerspråkiga elever.Arbetet vilar på sociokulturell grund och är genomfört genom kvalitativ analys av intervjusvar givna av fem lärare på lågstadiet i Västsverige. Intervjuerna bestod av frågor som lärarna haft tillgång till innan intervjun och svaren har sedan transkriberats från inspelningar och analyserats kvalitativt med fokus på likheter och skillnader som beskrivs i hur modersmålet används och vilka metoder som lärarna i så fall använder för att integrera användningen av det i klassrummet.Slutsatsen är att alla intervjuade lärare både ser nyttan av att arbeta med modersmålet som resurs i den reguljära undervisningen men att graden av användning av modersmålet är avhängigt det stöd som skolledningen ger för att inkludera andra modersmål integrerade i den reguljära undervisningen.The intention of this study is to examine the views of a selected group of teachers and their attitudes towards the use of multilingual pupils’ native language in the context of everyday teaching, what methods are being used in such cases, how the teachers motivate the use of a pupils’ use of native language in the classroom and how they feel it affects the learning and language development of multilingual pupils.Sociocultural theory forms the base for the study and qualitative interviews has been used as the chosen method through which interviews with five teachers working in primary school years 1-3 have been analyzed. The teachers work in different schools situated in the western part of Sweden. The interviews were made up of a series of questions which the teachers were given access to prior to their interviews and their answers were transcribed from recordings of the interviews. The transcribed answers were then analyzed with a focus on similarities and differences of the way the native language is used in regular classroom teaching and which methods are used to teach second language learners and integrate the different native languages on an everyday basis.The conclusion made in this study is that all the interviewed teachers see the benefit of including the pupils’ native languages in the classroom on an everyday basis but that only the teachers who have who have the full support of the headmaster use it to an extent that exceeds a varying degree of casual use.
12
O'Maley, Patricia J. "Second language learners in a language and culture immersion program : longitudinal case studies in an ethnographic framework." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/862287.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research in the field of second language acquisition in the past five to ten years has focused on individual variation in language learning, and has examined such learner variables as learning styles, personality characteristics, learning strategies, and learner beliefs about the nature of language learning. Recently, research on individual learners has broadened to include a greater focus on the contexts of language learning and to explore the interactions between individual learners and the socio-cultural environment in investigations of these learner variables.This study has two purposes. The first is to investigate the language learning of novice level second language learners in a language and culture immersion program. The six college-age learners of Spanish who participated in an eight-week language and culture immersion program in Mexico are the focus of the case studies. The research focuses on five areas of learner variation: learner beliefs and philosophies about the nature of language learning, approaches to vocabulary learning, classroom behaviors, speaking for communication, and cultural adjustment.The second purpose of the study is to explore the use of multiple approaches to research on individual variation. The research framework for the study is ethnographic and the study employs a multi-methodological approach to data collection over an extended period of time in several language learning contexts. The research procedures used in the studyinclude participant observation, interviews, language learning journals, questionnaires, retrospective analysis of videotaped clips, and standardized instruments such as the Modern Language Aptitude Test, the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, and the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview.Department of English
13
Godfrey, Kathleen Ann. "Global Learning Outcomes of a Domestic Foreign Language Immersion Program." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a critical need for college students to receive an education that fosters global learning in preparation for life in an increasingly interdependent and interconnected world. Universities recognize this need and endeavor to provide a range of programs that target global knowledge and skills, and meet the needs of traditional and non-traditional students. Domestic foreign language immersion programs can contribute to student global learning and development by providing students with an opportunity to participate in a rich global learning experience in the U.S. While some researchers have investigated impacts of domestic foreign language immersion on language proficiency, few studies of other kinds of global learning outcomes are available, and research is needed to gain an understanding of program impacts and make improvements.
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which participation in a domestic foreign language immersion program was perceived to influence global learning and development. The study used a mixed-methods design that incorporated as a key instrument a retrospective survey of former participants in a university-level domestic foreign language immersion program. Perspectives from short-term study abroad, foreign languages, transformative learning, and global citizenship informed the research.
The study found that participants in a domestic foreign language immersion program perceived influence in all three domains of global development. The degree of perceived influence was similar in the three domains except in the area of social responsibility, which received a significantly lower rating. Finally, student characteristics, including age, language level, prior international or other intercultural experience, and on/off-campus residence were not associated with perceived program influence. A qualitative analysis helped explain these findings.
14
Van, der Merwe Cornelia Christina. "Abenteuer mit Werner und Roswitha : a multimedia program based on suggestopedic principles for the teaching of German in the first year at university." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1253.
Повний текст джерела
15
Johansson, Susanna, and Zouzan Ali. "Svenska som andraspråk i förskolan : Hur förskollärare skapar förutsättningar för lärande av det svenska språket." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69518.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Syftet med studien är att med hjälp av förskollärararnas berättelser beskriva vilka arbetssätt som förskollärarna upplever som framgångsrika och hur de skapar förutsättningar för lärande när det gäller barns lärande av det svenska språket. Två frågeställningar besvaras: Vilka metoder beskriver förskollärarna att de använder när de skapar förutsättningar i lärandet av svenska till barn som inte har svenska som modersmål? Vilka utmaningar beskriver förskollärarna att de stöter på när de skapar förutsättningar i lärandet av svenska till barn som inte har svenska som modersmål? Studien är kvalitativ och den metod som används för att besvara frågeställningen är intervjuer. Urvalet av respondenter består av sex utbildade förskollärare som arbetar på sex olika förskolor. För att analysera empirin har vi utgått från Vygotskijs kulturhistoriska teori i hur lärande sker i samspel samt Säljös tolkning av Vygotskijs teorier om fysiska och språkliga redskap i lärandet av ett nytt språk. Vi har även analyserat resultatet med Piagets utvecklingsteori. Studiens resultat visar att samtliga förskollärare använder sig av flera arbetssätt och de lyfter fram olika argument för att motivera sina val av metoder för lärande av det svenska språket. Förskollärarna anser att de arbetssätt de använder är betydelsefulla för barns lärande och att metoderna kan användas på olika sätt för att främja barns lärande.
16
Lindsay, Elaine T. "Learner Concerns at the Missionary Training Center in the Technology Assisted Language Learning Program." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2000. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4880.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapelle (1997) states the following as a vital question to be asked with respect to computer assisted language learning, “How good is the language experience in CALL for L2 learning?” (n.p.) In order to truly answer this question, investigators need to look to the learner and his concerns. In planning curriculum or designing a program, teachers and administrators normally look toward learner needs. However, these educators are also known to fully implement a new program, at times, without consideration of learner concerns. This appears to be especially true with the use of technology in the second language classroom. Research is needed to look at how the learner feels about technology. Former studies (Fuller, 1969; Hansen, 1996) have focused on the concerns of teachers or preservice teachers, but little research has been done focusing on the actual concerns of the learner.The current study focused on the concerns of over two hundred young adult missionaries from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints who studied foreign languages at the LDS Missionary Training Center (MTC) for two months, with the aid of a Technology Assisted Language Learning (TALL) program. The subjects answered a background questionnaire upon beginning their study of a foreign language. At the end of their study program, the missionaries responded to a questionnaire where they could express their concerns about learning through technology. In addition, interviews with selected participants were conducted at the end of the missionaries' program.The data were analyzed and categorized and focus was given to the types of concerns expressed and how the concerns differed for language group, learner rate, gender, and other background factors. Four major categories of concerns were identified: instructional, language, software, and none. Most of the concerns expressed by the learners dealt with instructional issues such as the amount of variety and learner control as well as how learners review material and receive feedback from the computer. Chi-square post hoc analyses showed the greatest differences in the number of concerns within the Portuguese learners. Concerns of fast versus slow learners appeared different as well. Tests showed that slower learners were significantly more concerned about the computer going at a pace that worked well for them, becoming bored easily, and not having enough time on certain computer activities. Profiles describing those and other differences were created based on the interviews conducted with several learners.
17
Du, Toit Christine. "Die identifisering van faktore wat die onderrig en leer van Afrikaans as tweede addisionele taal beïnvloed / Christine du Toit." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/837.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current political dispensation in South Africa has, as was the case in the past,
undoubtedly had a major influence on the language patterns of the country. The 1996
Constitution now provides official recognition of the main indigenous languages. Despite
this entrenchment, there is evidence that English is seen as the vehicle to the future.
This study focuses on the factors that may influence the learning and teaching of
Afrikaans as a second additional language in black schools in the Potchefstroom district.
In order to achieve this task, a triangulation approach was used. A literature study was
done to provide prior information to understanding the current language situation.
Interviews were conducted with the respondents as well as the teachers of Afrikaans
and the classes were observed and recorded. Questionnaires followed which were
completed by the learners as well as their teachers.
The objectives of the empirical study were to determine which factors might influence the
teaching and learning of Afrikaans as an additional language for both the learners and
the teachers, as well as to determine what the implications of such findings for the
teaching and learning of Afrikaans as an additional language are.
The findings of this study confirm the influence of several factors (socio-political, socio
cultural and individual) on Afrikaans. The results indicated that there is a positive attitude
towards Afrikaans and that the learners are eager to learn Afrikaans. What is clear, is
that it is imperative to take note of these factors to guide the learners towards self
regulated study, especially Afrikaans as an additional language. The results also
revealed that the education of the teachers need to be addressed to prevent irrevocable
damage to Afrikaans and to the relationships between the diverse cultures in our
country.Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
18
Sudic, Elma, and Sara Massoud. "Since reading is a girly thing: A study on boys’ underachievement in reading literacy in relation to PISA." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33827.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Underachievement in reading literacy for boys in secondary school seems to be a generalnorm in many countries around the world today. PISA’s studies highlight that Sweden also isone of countries that has big differences in between the genders in reading literacy; moreover,the results showed that almost every third boy is underperforming in reading literacy. A lot ofstudies have been made on this subject and the researchers have tried to find the source to theproblem. However, no one seems to have found the solution to the problem just yet.Therefore, we became interested in finding out how teachers can remedy boys’ lowerperformances in reading, in Swedish language classrooms. Through the use of a researchsynthesis and a pilot study, the question whether teachers can remedy boys’ underachievementin reading literacy is dealt by carefully analyzing articles, journals and books. The resultsrevealed four themes that may play a big part in increasing boys’ achievement in reading.These four themes are: motivation, teacher modeling, text interest and choices, and theimportance of time frame.Keywords: Gender differences, attitudes, underachievement, boys, motivation, literacy,reading, second language learning, PISA
19
Hishmeh, Amber Lee. "Neurolinguistic programming as observational and mediational strategies in teaching primary-level English as a second language." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2882.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This project serves as a resource for kindergarten ESL educators to explore more creative multisensory teaching strategies. The five methodologies presented are Neurolinguistic Programming, Suggestopedia, music, storytelling and Total Physical Response.
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Hessel, Gianna. "The impact of participation in ERASMUS study abroad in the UK on students' overall English language proficiency, self-efficacy, English use anxiety and self-motivation to continue learning English : a mixed-methods investigation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7ae490c6-2303-4889-ae67-df3deb5eb870.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is widely assumed that participation in study abroad contributes to developing second language (L2) proficiency, as well as related outcomes such as higher levels of L2 learning motivation and intercultural competence. However, empirical studies into the outcomes of participation in study abroad have been affected by a series of methodological limitations, including complete reliance on participant self-assessment, the omission of longitudinal design elements, failure to control for non-equivalent comparison groups where these are included and insufficient sample sizes for testing programme effects. Thus, the present study investigates further the impact of studying abroad with the EU's ERASMUS programme on the participants' overall L2 proficiency, their self-efficacy and anxiety in using the L2 with native and non-native speakers and on their self-motivation to continue learning the L2. To this end, a longitudinal mixed methods design was employed in which 143 German university students who applied for an ERASMUS exchange with a British university for the academic year 2012-2013 and were either accepted or rejected/ withdrawn formed the abroad and comparison groups. All students completed C-tests of overall English language proficiency and questionnaires that inquired into the students' mobility history, their L2 learning background, L2 motivation, intergroup attitudes and aspects of the study abroad experience itself. Both instruments were administered online at the onset of the study abroad period (September 2012), one term into the programme (December 2012) and prior to the students' return (either December 2012 or June 2013). This predominantly quantitative group-level study served to establish the outcomes of participation in study abroad for the students' linguistic and motivational development. Repeated interviews with a sub-sample of 15 participants served to illuminate the observed outcome patterns in terms of the motivational dynamics during study abroad, as well as common factors associated with individual differences in linguistic development. The results of the study show that during the first 3 months abroad the ERASMUS students made significantly higher gains in overall English proficiency than the group of potentially mobile students who continued to study at home. The effect of the learning context was large and highly significant (p =.001), even after the influence of pre-existing participant characteristics on the students' proficiency development was controlled for. During the subsequent 6 months of the study abroad period, however, progress among the ERASMUS group slowed and the between-group differences were no longer significant. The participants' L2 proficiency level at programme entry emerged as the strongest predictor of overall L2 proficiency gain, explaining up to 31.5% of the variance. The students' attitudes towards their own national group, their perceptions of self-efficacy and feelings of anxiety when using English in social interactions, the perceived present-future L2 self-discrepancy and gender explained another 13.6% of the variance in overall L2 proficiency gain. Learner-external factors, including participation in English language instruction, participation in clubs and societies, the number of academic contact hours and type of enrolment, and free time spent with co-national peers, including friends and family back home explained a further 10.9%. The qualitative analysis of the students' accounts provided further insights into the ways in which these factors play out in L2 learning abroad, as well as into the students' perceptions of aspects of studying abroad that contributed most to their linguistic development. Regarding the motivational impact of the study abroad experience, the study found that ERASMUS students tended to develop significantly higher levels of self-efficacy in using English in social interactions as compared to the group of potentially mobile students who continued to study at home, while both the levels of perceived present-future self-discrepancy and English use anxiety with native and non-native speakers fell during the first 3 months abroad. While the overall impact of the study abroad experience on the students' motivation to continue learning the L2 was perceived as positive by the vast majority of participants, a decline in learning motivation was observed for most students after the initial 3-month period. The qualitative analysis showed that this decline can be plausibly explained by developments in the students' English self-concept that occurred in response to the study abroad experience. Evidence-based recommendations are made regarding ways in which the linguistic and motivational development of ERASMUS students can be more effectively supported by higher education institutions.
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Leung, Kar, and 梁嘉. "How phonics help primary L2 learners in acquiring reading skills in learning English?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29521853.
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Romanov, Yu A., and A. Yu Romanov. "The training complex for learning Russian as a foreign language (RFL) "V dobryj put’!" and RFL computer-based training system." Thesis, Национальный исследовательский университет "Высшая школа экономики", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/47749.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A description of the nationally oriented training complex for learning Russian as a foreign language "V Dobryi Put’!" for German speakers which includes a textbook, an audio-supplement, a video-film and a test system is given. The computer-based training system, designed for this complex ensures effective teaching foreign students Russian phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, speech etiquette, and also facilitates the formation of the necessary communication skills.Приводится описание национально-ориентированного учебного комплекса по РКИ для немецкоговорящих "В добрый путь!", который включает учебник, аудиоприложение, видеофильм и систему тестов. Разработанный для данного комплекса компьютерный тренажер обеспечивает эффективное обучение иностранных учащихся русской фонетике, лексике, грамматике, речевому этикету, а также облегчает формирование необходимых коммуникативных навыков.
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Zhang, Yunyan. "Investigating the Impact of a University-based Professional Development Program for Teachers of English Language Learners in Ohio—A Mixed Methods Study of Teacher Learning and Change." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405352227.
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Bustos, Ramirez Jacqueline Alejandra. "Teachers’ Perspectives on Recently Arrived Pupils and English Teaching." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35612.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays, many schools around the world are a mixture of children who come from different places and for different reasons. The Swedish school has not been an exception of these mixtures of children who have different identities, cultures, and languages. In 2015, Sweden experienced a high immigration peak compare to the previous years and for this reason, the Swedish school system needed to adapt to the newly arrived children that came into the classroom. The purpose of this research project is to investigate teachers’ experiences and perceptions of meeting the varying needs of recently arrived learners in English teaching in years 4-6. The aim of the thesis is to explore what are the main challenges in teaching English and how the teachers adapt their English lessons and develop methods and strategies for teaching recently arrived pupils.This study was conducted with semi-structured interviews as a qualitative method, with five English teachers who have a complete degree in teaching education, and all of whom have newly arrived children in their classes. Based on analysis of the data, three main conclusions have been drawn in this study. Firstly, all the teachers participating did not know the difference between concepts such as immigrants and newcomers; secondly the teachers do not use a special method or strategies when they teach newly arrived children, and finally, this study shows that the teachers do not know how to face the newly arrived children’s needs, and they do not feel that they have the competence that they need in this field.
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Mandel, Peggy Lee. "The Relationship between the Use of Academic Text Talk and the Comprehension of Scientific Academic Language for Diverse Second Graders." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Changing demographics impact our schools as children come from more linguistically and culturally diverse backgrounds. The various social, cultural, and economic backgrounds of the students affect their early language learning experiences which expose them to the academic language needed to succeed in school. Teachers can help students acquire academic language by introducing words that are within their Zone of Proximal Development and increasing exposure to and use of academic language. This study investigated the effects of increasing structured activities for students to orally interact with informational text on their scientific academic language development and comprehension of expository text.
The Academic Text Talk activities, designed to scaffold verbalization of new words and ideas, included discussion, retelling, games, and sentence walls. This study also evaluated if there were differences in scientific language proficiency and comprehension between boys and girls, and between English language learners and native English speakers.
A quasi-experimental design was used to determine the relationship between increasing students’ oral practice with academic language and their academic language proficiency. Second graders (n = 91) from an urban public school participated in two science units over an 8 week period and were pre and post tested using the Woodcock Muñoz Language Survey-Revised and vocabulary tests from the National Energy Education Project. Analysis of covariance was performed on the pre to post scores by treatment group to determine differences in academic language proficiency for students taught using Academic Text Talk compared to students taught using a text-centered method, using the initial Florida Assessment for Instruction in Reading test as a covariate. Students taught using Academic Text Talk multimodal strategies showed significantly greater increases in their pre to posttest means on the Woodcock Muñoz Language Survey-Revised Oral Language Totals and National Energy Education Development Project Vocabulary tests than students taught using the text-centered method, ps < .05. Boys did not show significantly greater increases than girls, nor did English language learners show significantly greater increases than the native English speakers.
This study informs the field of reading research by evaluating the effectiveness of a multimodal combination of strategies emphasizing discourse to build academic language.
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Johansson, Magnus. "Vägar in i Arbete: -En etnografisk studie om nyanländas språkinlärning." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-73012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An ethnographic study was conducted through film recordings and observations in an attempt to investigate the methods Vägar in i Arbete used when conducting exercises in second language acquisition. Vägar in i Arbete is a labor market policy program with the goal that the participants will improve their ability to speak Swedish, as well as attain a concise plan for their future financial prospects. The intent of the project was to facilitate learning by having the participants engage with the language in an informal, non-educational context. The study investigated the methods used at the project during exercises related to the participants’ second language acquisition, as well as how the participants’ progression was evaluated. The purpose of the study was to investigate to what extent the programs context could be perceived as informal. Furthermore, the validity of the assessment was investigated in an attempt to establish if the evaluation of the participants’ progression were accurate. In order to investigate the context, two methods for language acquisition were used as comparisons. Krashen’s Natural Approach was included to represent a more informal approach, and this was contrasted with the more formally structured Audiolingual method. These methods were then compared to the exercises at Vägar in i Arbete to determine to what extent the environment could be considered informal. The results indicate that the exercises closely resemble the construct of the exercises favored by the Audiolingual method. Certain aspects of the Natural Approach are greatly present in the daily activities. However, these aspects do not become explicitly apparent in the linguistic exercises. Furthermore, a significant discrepancy which puts the validity of the summative assessment in question was observed.
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Walderot, Anna. "Ett tveksamt kunskapskrav : En kvalitativ studie om lärares förmåga att uppfylla läroplanens krav på undervisning och bedömning av muntliga strategier i engelska." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72860.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Då strategier är vagt beskrivna i styrdokument och svåra att observera hos elever är studiens syfte att undersöka några lärares förmåga att uppfylla läroplanens krav när det gäller undervisning och bedömning av strategier i muntlig kommunikation i engelska och slutligen utifrån litteratur ge exempel på hur det kan konkretiseras i klassrummet. Genom kvalitativa metoder inom fenomenologin har observationer och intervjuer med tre lärare genomförts och analyserats. Resultatet visar att lärare är överens gällande styrdokumentens otydlighet. Dessutom är strategibegreppet vagt beskrivet och saknar gemensam definition bland forskare. Lärares metoder för att undervisa strategier sker både genom direkt och indirekt undervisning och båda metoderna får stöd i forskning. Materialet som ska bidra med mer förståelse till kursplanen, kommentarmaterialet, används inte av lärare. Det leder till att lärare inte blir medvetna om vilka strategier elever rekommenderas att använda och att bedömningen av kunskapskravet blir godtyckligt. Lärare anser dessutom att strategier är svåra att upptäcka då vissa strategier inte sker synligt eller att de sker i samband med att elever interagerar i par eller helklass. Problemet med att upptäcka vilka strategier som används av ”duktiga elever” gör att progressionen i kunskapskravet kan ifrågasättas. Resultatet visar på ett utvecklingsbehov av metoder för att undervisa strategier i muntlig kommunikation samt att resurseffektiva metoder för bedömning behöver identifieras.When strategies are vaguely described in steering documents and difficult to observe with students, the aim of the study is to investigate the ability of some teachers to fulfil the curriculum's requirements in terms of teaching and assessing strategies in oral communication in English and finally based on literature giving examples of how it can be made concrete in classroom. Through qualitative methods in phenomenology, observations and interviews with three teachers have been carried out and analysed. The result shows that teachers agree on the obscurity of the steering documents. In addition, the strategy concept is vaguely described and lacks a common definition among researchers. Teachers' methods for teaching strategies take place through direct and indirect teaching and both methods are supported in research. The material that will contribute more understanding to the syllabus is not used by teachers. This means that teachers do not become aware of which strategies students are recommended to use and that the assessment of the knowledge requirement becomes arbitrary. Teachers also believe that strategies are difficult to detect, as some strategies are not visible or that they occur in connection with pupils interacting in pairs or in full class. The problem of discovering which strategies are used by "good students" makes the progression of the knowledge requirement questionable. The results show a need for development of methods for teaching strategies in oral communication and that resourceefficient methods of assessment need to be identified.
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Batluk, Liilia. "Modality and Method: A Comparison of Russian and English Epistemic Modal Verbs through SFL and its Implications for Second Language Learners." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-17810.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is intended to shed light on similarities and differences in terms of functional structure of the clause when modality is expressed by use of modal operators in Russian and English, in order to arrive at findings which inform, and are applicable to, the process of English language acquisition by the Russian learner. The need for the investigation was prompted by the author’s work experience in the field of English teaching, and the lack of explicit guidance in available textbooks currently used in Russian schools and institutions with regard to the particular issue highlighted. While learning the subject of Systemic Functional Linguistics, I drew parallels between the functional structures in the two languages, the purpose of which is to provide a roadmap which facilitates the learning and teaching of English modality to the Russian learner. The approach of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), focusing on the metafunctions as the correspondence in the sociolinguistic message of the clause, is used as a basis for comparing the functional structures in both languages. The investigation of functional grammar features is carried out in order to spotlight both the similarities and the differences inherent in expressing a degree of probability of an event or statement indicated, not only by the choice of an appropriate modal verb, but also its placement within the clause. The role of the social context in which the text is set is noted as significant for delivering the precise meaning of the message. Hence, the proposition will be pursued through further investigation in the field of modality, and viewed from perspectives of sociolinguistics.
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Feijóo, Antolín Sara. "Learning from the input: syntactic, semantic and phonological cues to the noun category in English." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673498.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Las líneas centrales de la teoría lingüística de los últimos años han descrito la adquisición y el desarrollo de primeras lenguas como un proceso basado en el conocimiento innato de las propiedades gramaticales de la lengua por parte de los niños aprendices. Tales descripciones del desarrollo sintáctico asumen que el entorno lingüístico al que los niños están expuestos es demasiado limitado como para dar lugar al aprendizaje de una lengua (es decir, el llamado argumento de la pobreza del estímulo). Así pues, según esta visión, es el conocimiento lingüístico innato lo que permite a los niños llegar a ser hablantes competentes de su propia lengua nativa. Este estudio se plantea el objetivo de cuestionar esta visión y muestra evidencia empírica con la que se puede inferir que los niños pueden adquirir conocimientos gramaticales a partir de la experiencia y de la información que reciben del entorno.
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Al, Muhaimeed Sultan A. "Task-Based Language Teaching Vs. Traditional Way of English Language Teaching in Saudi Intermediate Schools: A Comparative Study." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1383257660.
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Abu, Zarour Lina, and Dieynaba Diop. "Innocence and experience: Two approaches to teaching reading to L2 learners." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-31612.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today Swedish society is surrounded by the English language, more so the importance to know how to read English is therefore essential. Students in consequence need the support from teachers to find suitable strategies to master their reading.This degree project’s aim is to find out if teachers use different methods to teach reading, and if so, why. This paper will present the reader with the theories and literature on the definition of reading strategies. Initially, various researchers will be present the two most commonly used strategies, the cognitive and the metacognitive. Although different researcher claim different This study is based on interviews with two teachers in elementary school, grade 4-6. The results and conclusion of this study is that the combination of different methods and the teachers’ adaption to each class and individual is what provides the students with the confidence to learn. Not only does this make it easier for the students to reach the requirements set for them, but this also gives them a willingness to learn. Furthermore, the study provides information on if the teachers working experience does have an impact on the methods they using when teaching L2 learners reading strategies.
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McGarry, Theresa. "Language Ideology and Second Language Learning." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6144.
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Othman, Noor A. "Prior educational experiences and cultural factors in the learner's attitudes and behaviours : a case study of distance learning English course at UiTM, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/10376.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a case study that investigates the attitudes and behaviours of learners of a Preparatory English distance learning course (BEL 100 e-PJJ) offered at the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, and whether those attitudes and behaviours are influenced by their prior educational experiences and whether cultural factors may also have influence in the attitudes and behaviours of these learners. The research adopts a mixed-method case study design combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to the data collection and analysis. Thematic analysis has been adopted as a tool to analyse the interview data qualitatively. The thematic analyses constructed thematic networks which Attride-Stirling (2001) stressed served as an organizing principle and an illustrative tool in interpreting the analysed interview data. Another major source of data collected for this study was the asynchronous forum discussion transcripts. To match the needs of this study, several categories and examples of Henri’s (1992) framework combined with elements from Garrison, Anderson and Archer (2000) CoI model and Hofstede’s (1991) cultural values tool were adapted in analysing the asynchronous forum discussion transcripts. This was to identify the factors which contributed to the attitude and behaviour of the BEL 100 e-PJJ learners. This study has highlighted that the process of learning and teaching of the UiTM Malay/Bumiputera learners depend on the support and training given to the distance learners and facilitators. Learners’ attitudes, behaviours, facilitators’ intervention and purposeful tasks were found to be important in supporting active participation and effective interaction within the course.
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Jönsson, Andreas. "Learning cohesively : Cohesion in Second Language Learning." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8537.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This essay concerns itself with the importance of learning English as a second language cohesively. The research focus is on student responsibility to learn English and if as well as how this responsibility contributes to have students' perceptions of learning the language cohesively. The applied research method consists of a student questionnaire and two teacher interviews. The questionnaire produces a description of students' relationship to, and view of, the English language and how they understand their learning process in acquiring it. The two teacher interviews establish if and how the teachers influence the students' cohesive understanding of the English language.
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Muramatsu, Chie. "Portraits of second language learners: agency, identities, and second language learning." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4885.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is a qualitative examination of second language (L2) learning processes by four advanced learners of Japanese in the community of a summer intensive full-immersion program in the United States. Using L2 socialization theory as a theoretical framework, this study conceives of L2 learning as a process of social participation in a community of practice and examines L2 learning processes by four learners, focusing on the dynamic interplay between the affordances of the social community and the agency of the individual learners. The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) It investigates the ways in which the four learners exercise their agency to pursue their goals of learning Japanese and (b) it documents how the different ways in which the four learners exercise agency form different trajectories of learning and create different experiences of L2 socialization.
This study has adopted an ethnographic case study approach to the investigation of research inquiries. Through the analyses of data obtained from multiple sources, including interviews with the four learners, observations of their engagement in the community of practice of the summer intensive full-immersion program, their audio-recorded conversations with other members of the community, and various artifacts, this study explores the role of L2 learner agency in the process of L2 socialization and describes in depth their experiences of learning Japanese from their emic perspectives.
The case studies of the four learners have highlighted the different ways in which they engaged in the community of practice, understood their tasks of learning Japanese, interpreted the affordances of the social community, negotiated the meaning of their participations, defined and redefined their sense of self, and eventually achieved their L2 learning goals.
The findings suggest that the richness and effectiveness of a social environment are not characterized by the physical and academic affordances of a social community alone; rather they are constructed in a dynamic relation between the affordance structure of a social community and the L2 learners' agency in the pursuit of the joint enterprise of making L2 learning happen.
With regard to the role of L2 learner agency, the study has foregrounded the important role of the aspirations of the four L2 learners for personal transformation and negotiation of the meaning of self of the past, the present, and the future. The findings suggest that L2 learners' diverse and complex social and personal desires for learning an L2 may not be able to be explained using the notion of investment (Norton, 1995, 2000) alone.
Since the SLA debate initiated by Firth and Wagner (1997, 2007), SLA research has begun to reconceptualize L2 learners as socially situated beings with diverse needs, wants, and identities. This study presents four portraits of L2 learners who engaged in the enterprise of learning Japanese, as a means of contributing to this reconceptualization, and explores for these four learners what it meant to learn Japanese in the summer of 2010.
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Doering, Lynda. "Language learning strategies of younger second language learners." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ58027.pdf.
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Malerba, Candilio Maria Luisa. "Social Networking in Second Language Learning." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565551.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aquesta tesi se centra en l'aprenentatge informal d'una segona llengua en comunitats en línia com Livemocha i Busuu. Els objectius són: (1) analitzar el potencial de les comunitats en línia per a aconseguir resultats d'aprenentatge a llarg termini; (2) examinar les accions dels estudiants mentre construeixen oportunitats d'ús de la segona llengua en aquests entorns, i (3) explorar les potencialitats i les limitacions de les eines de les comunitats en línia. Amb la finalitat d'assolir aquests objectius, l'estudi, que s'inscriu en el marc teòric de la perspectiva sociocultural i de la teoria de l'activitat, ha utilitzat una metodologia de recerca principalment qualitativa i centrada en el mètode etnogràfic. La recerca conclou amb una reflexió crítica sobre la importància de l'autonomia de l'estudiant. S'ha destacat que l'autonomia de l'estudiant és un requisit important perquè l'experiència d'aprenentatge informal en aquests entorns sigui eficaç. A més, aquest estudi tradueix els resultats obtinguts en un conjunt de recomanacions pedagògiques dirigides a experts d'entorns d'aprenentatge, a estudiants i a professors d'idiomes, per tal de fomentar una experiència d'aprenentatge en les comunitats en línia més positiva tenint en compte, també, la seva possible aplicació en un context d'aprenentatge formal.Esta tesis está centrada en el aprendizaje informal de una segunda lengua en comunidades en línea como Livemocha y Busuu. Los objetivos son: (1) analizar el potencial de las comunidades en línea para lograr resultados de aprendizaje a largo plazo; (2) examinar las acciones de los estudiantes mientras construyen oportunidades de uso de la segunda lengua en estos entornos, y (3) explorar las potencialidades y las limitaciones de las herramientas de las comunidades en línea. Con la finalidad de alcanzar estos objetivos, el estudio, que se inscribe en el marco teórico de la perspectiva sociocultural y de la teoría de la actividad, ha utilizado una metodología de investigación principalmente cualitativa y centrada en el método etnográfico. La investigación concluye con una reflexión crítica sobre la importancia de la autonomía del estudiante. Se ha destacado que la autonomía del estudiante es un requisito importante para que la experiencia de aprendizaje informal en estos entornos sea eficaz. Además, este estudio traduce los resultados obtenidos en una serie de recomendaciones pedagógicas dirigidas a expertos de entornos de aprendizaje, a estudiantes y a profesores de idiomas, con el fin de fomentar una mejor experiencia de aprendizaje en las comunidades en línea tomando en consideración también su posible aplicación en un contexto de aprendizaje formal.
This thesis deals with informal second language learning in online communities such as Livemocha and Busuu. The thesis' objectives are: (1) analyse the potential effectiveness of these communities for long-term learning outcomes; (2) examine learners' construction of opportunities for L2 use in these environments; (3) explore affordances and constraints of online communities. To this end, a longitudinal multiple ethnographic case study approach was used under the theoretical framework of Socio-Cultural Theory and Activity Theory (AT). The research concludes with a critical reflection on the role of learner autonomy as a prerequisite for the creation of effective learning experiences in these environments, as this study clearly demonstrates. Moreover, the study translates its findings into a set of pedagogical recommendations for platform developers, learners and teachers to maximize the advantages of L2 learning in online communities as well as establish possible applications in formal learning settings.
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Dupuy, Ludivine. "Pragmatic Abilities and Second Language Learning." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’étudier les capacités pragmatiques universelles des adultes apprenant une langue seconde et l’impact de cet apprentissage sur la maîtrise de l’aspect communicatif du langage. Une première étude a montré la capacité des apprenants à produire des inférences scalaires, un cas prototypique d’enrichissement pragmatique d’une forme logique, mais pas d’impact de l’apprentissage des langues sur les capacités pragmatiques. Un effet lié à la nécessité d’utiliser deux langues a néanmoins été observé. Une seconde étude, sur les scalaires enchâssées, a montré que les capacités pragmatiques sont susceptibles d’être utilisées pour compenser un déficit linguistique. La troisième étude a montré l’impact du contexte discursif sur le taux de réponse pragmatique. Dans la quatrième étude, nous avons examiné une différence potentielle entre le français et l’anglais quant aux présuppositions implicitées. Ceci permettra ultérieurement de tester un transfert de la L1 vers la L2The aim of this PhD work was to assess the impact of language learning on the universal pragmatic competence of adult second language learners. A first study showed that L2 learners have the ability to derive scalar implicatures, a universal pragmatic phenomenon, in their second language but no impact of language learning on pragmatic abilities. An effect linked to the need to mobilize two languages was nonetheless observed. In another study, using embedded scalars, we investigated the possibility that language learners use their pragmatic knowledge to compensate a lower linguistic proficiency. The results suggest that learners can indeed rely on compensatory strategies. A third study has shown the impact of the discursive context on the rate of pragmatic answers. In the fourth study, we examined a potential difference between the French and English language regarding implicated presuppositions. This will allow conducting a study on negative transfer from the L1 to the L2
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Granath, Margaretha, and Therese Nyholm. "Motivera elever till ökad kommunikation i engelska som andraspråk : Vad är framgångsrikt i klassrummet?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43921.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Detta arbete är en kunskapsöversikt över hur lärare kan motivera sina elever att hitta viljan attprata engelska i klassrummet med hjälp av sina engelsklärare. Syftet med denna studie är attta reda på vad forskningen säger om vilka metoder som är framgångsrika att använda iklassrummet, och mer specifikt, att besvara frågeställningarna: “Hur motiverar engelskläraresina elever att hitta viljan att prata engelska i klassrummet? samt “Vad är framgångsrikt attanvända i klassrummet? För att besvara frågeställningarna och uppnå studiens syfte har visystematiskt tagit fram, analyserat och sammanställt vetenskapliga studier om ämnet. Våracentrala begrepp i kunskapsöversikten är följande: engelska som andraspråk, WTC (Viljan attkommunicera), lärandemetoder, klassrumsmiljö och motivation.Vårt resultat mynnade ut iåtta stycken tematiserade underrubriker: WTC (Viljan Att Kommunicera), de sex faktorernasom påverkar språklärares WTC, kommunikationsstrategier, lärandemetoder, klassrumsmiljö,lärarkompetens, motivation/demotivation och elevinflytande. Vi kommer i vårtexaminationsarbete II att samla in empirisk data om hur elever i mellanstadiet årskurs 4-6undervisas i att prata engelska i klassrummet. Vi kommer med hjälp av intervjuer ochobservationer med både lärare och elever samla in ett underlag om vad de anser vara deviktigaste komponenterna i att finna motivation i att lära sig prata engelska i klassrummet.
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Shei, Chi-Chiang. "Combining 'translation into the second language' and 'second language learning' : an integrated computational approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores the area where translation and language learning intersects. However, this intersection is not one in the traditional sense of second language teaching: where translation is used as a means for learning a foreign language. This thesis treats translating into the foreign language as a separate entity, one that is as important as learning the foreign language itself. Thus the discussion in this thesis is especially relevant to an academic institution which contemplates training foreign language learners who can perform translation into the foreign language at a professional level. The thesis concentrates on developing a pedagogical model which can achieve the goal of fostering linguistic competence and translation competence at the same time. It argues that constructing such a model under a computerised framework is a viable approach, since the task of translation nowadays relies heavily on all kinds of computational tools, whereas the computer assisted language learning framework (including the domain of distance learning) advances at a slow but steady pace, which offers a bridge to connect translation and language learning. The theoretical underpinning of the model is established by relating translation competence to linguistic competence. It is argued that a successful translator working in the area of translating into the second language must also be a competent learner of that language, and the instructions for both are inseparable. At the practical level, the thesis distinguishes three types of software which are relevant in the current context: the translation workstation (TW) based system, the computer assisted translation learning (CATL) system, and the computer assisted language learning (CALL) system. The first kind of system is based on existing translation aid software such as the well-known category of Translation Memory Systems. Besides being used as a computer environment for translating, the translation memory software can also be used to embed second language teaching concepts. The second type of system is the software that is especially developed for teaching translation AND the foreign language being translated into. In particular, the discussion concentrates on a kind of model referred to here as the Translation Micro World, which is an intelligent tutoring system drawing from pre-edited bilingual coipora built into the system. It is shown that this type of construct is especially useful for building up the translator's idiomatic competence in the target language in which the translator is a learner. The third and last type of software is the computer assisted language learning software which can be adapted to incorporate the element of translation. The idea is to embed translation activities in existing CALL constructs such that translation becomes the primary means for learning the target language. Thus, by covering the whole range of these three types of translation or language learning software, it is hoped that a curriculum aimed at fostering translators translating into the second language can have a rich repertoire of computer assisted learning tools to draw on. The pedagogical framework proposed in this thesis has to be practicable in an educational setting. The last part of the thesis thus considers the implementation issues of this framework. It is argued that the traditional syllabus design concepts are not fully transferable to the current pedagogical framework. Traditional syllabi consist of the statements of goals and objectives, learning material based on the objectives, lesson plans including presentations, tasks and exercises contrived around the material, and assessments. The current pedagogical model, however, emphasises the use of computers in the curriculum, and thus the goals and objectives need to be stated in a different way, learning material has to be prepared in different forms, and classes have to be conducted in an entirely different manner and at a different pace. Learning tasks, exercises and assessments all have different meanings in a computerised learning environment.
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Wilson, Rachel. "Syntactic category learning in a second language." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289805.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A central question in the study of language learning is how humans acquire syntactic categorical distinctions among words (e.g. noun, verb, etc.). Past research using miniature artificial grammars suggests that semantic information is not needed for this learning; distributional information alone can provide adequate input for learning. The current experiments extended this finding to a natural language. Adults who had never studied Russian listened to lists of Russian words for seven minutes. The words consisted of a content morpheme and a grammatical ending. The participants were not told the meanings of the words. Next they were tested on a series of legal and non-legal morpheme sequences, including sequences that were not in the training. Results showed that participants were able to distinguish between new legal and non-legal morpheme sequences, provided there were at least two category-markers in the input. This suggests that they were generalizing the words into categories. A corpus study showed that Russian probably contains the kind and quantity of markings required for category learning to take place. Reaction times were also analyzed.
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Durrant, Philip Lee. "High frequency collocations and second language learning." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10622/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores the implications of high frequency collocation for adult second language learners. It addresses three main questions. First, it asks to what extent high frequency of occurrence in a corpus indicates that collocations are independently represented in the minds of native speakers. A word association study indicates that high frequency of occurrence is a fairly reliable predictor of mental representation, though this methodology does not allow us to determine the precise strength of the relationship. A series of lexical decision studies also show a relationship between frequency and representation, but effects are limited to those collocations which are sufficiently salient to also register as associates. This suggests that psycholinguistic 'priming' models may not be the best way of understanding collocation. Second, the thesis examines the idea that adult second language learners usually fail to retain the collocations to which they are exposed. This is tested through a lab-based training study and a learner-corpus study. Results suggest that adult learners are capable of learning collocations from input, but that 1) the relatively low levels of input to which most learners are exposed mean that they nevertheless tend not to attain native-like profiles of collocation use, and 2) input which provides repeated exposure to collocations can dramatically improve learning. Third, the thesis asks whether a useful pedagogical listing of frequent 'academic collocations' can be compiled. Results suggest that an academic collocation list is viable, but that important caveats need to be made concerning the nature of the collocations included and the range of disciplines for which such a listing will be useful. Moreover, listings of two-word collocations should be seen only as a starting point for more comprehensive phraseological listings. Suggestions will be made for ways in which we might go beyond such two-word listings.
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Kiziltepe, F. Zeynep. "Attitudes and motivation in second language learning." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363374.
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Berzak, Yevgeni. "Second language learning from a multilingual perspective." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115634.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-127).
How do people learn a second language? In this thesis, we study this question through an examination of cross-linguistic transfer: the role of a speaker's native language in the acquisition, representation, usage and processing of a second language. We present a computational framework that enables studying transfer in a unified fashion across language production and language comprehension. Our framework supports bidirectional inference between linguistic characteristics of speakers' native languages, and the way they use and process a new language. We leverage this inference ability to demonstrate the systematic nature of cross-linguistic transfer, and to uncover some of its key linguistic and cognitive manifestations. We instantiate our framework in language production by relating syntactic usage patterns and grammatical errors in English as a Second Language (ESL) to typological properties of the native language, showing its utility for automated typology learning and prediction of second language grammatical errors. We then introduce eye tracking during reading as a methodology for studying cross-linguistic transfer in second language comprehension. Using this methodology, we demonstrate that learners' native language can be predicted from their eye movement while reading free-form second language text. Further, we show that language processing during second language comprehension is intimately related to linguistic characteristics of the reader's first language. Finally, we introduce the Treebank of Learner English (TLE), the first syntactically annotated corpus of learner English. The TLE is annotated with Universal Dependencies (UD), a framework geared towards multilingual language analysis, and will support linguistic and computational research on learner language. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of multilingual approaches to the scientific study of second language acquisition, and to Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications for non-native language.
by Yevgeni Berzak.
Ph. D.
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Lengeris, A. "Individual differences in second-language vowel learning." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19029/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Adults often have difficulty in acquiring non-native vowels especially when the vowel inventories in first (L1) and second language (L2) are very different. However, even when testing L2 groups with similar profiles, there are great individual differences in the perception and production of non-native sounds. Similarly, computer-based training studies of L2 sounds report that improvement after training can range greatly across individuals. This thesis explores possible sources of individual differences in Greek native speakers’ perception and production of Southern British English vowels. Study 1 examined the perceived relationship between English vowels (in /bVb/ and /bVp/ contexts) and Greek vowels along with English vowel discrimination by the same participants. Greek speakers were found to perceive English vowels via both spectral and temporal assimilation to their L1 categories despite the fact that Greek does not use duration in L1 vowel distinctions. Study 2 defined the endpoints for the synthetic vowel continua to be used in Study 3 using a best exemplars experiment. In study 3, Greek speakers from a homogenous population (in terms of L1 background, age of L2 learning, amount and quality of L2 input) were tested on a large test battery before and after receiving 5 sessions of high-variability perceptual training. The test battery examined their perception of natural and synthetic vowels in L1 (Greek) and L2 (English) and their frequency discrimination ability (F2 only) as well as their production of L2 vowels. Group results showed significant improvement in the trainees’ perception of natural L2 vowels and their L2 vowel production. However, large individual differences were evident both before and after training. Vowel processing in L2 was found to relate to individual variability in vowel processing in L1 and, importantly, to frequency discrimination acuity, a finding that favours an auditory processing hypothesis for L1 and L2 speech perception of vowels.
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Kruger, Marlene. "Drama-based second language teaching and learning." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78099.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study engages with the domains of second language teaching and learning (L2TL), drama-based teaching and learning (DBTL) and embodied cognition in order to establish how the effective implementation of DBTL may contribute to the efficacy of L2TL practices. There are shortfalls in second language (L2) classrooms and there is a need for a L2 teaching approach, which promotes social interaction in varied sociocultural contexts wherein learners are encouraged to make meaning in order to convey their message. The L2 learning processes created by this approach could overcome the shortfalls of L2TL and offer what is required by Second Language Acquisition (SLA) to acquire a L2. This study proposes that the use of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment (CEFR) could overcome these shortfalls. However, CEFR can only be effective if the approach that is utilised in its implementation aligns with CEFR’s principles. This study argues that a drama-based teaching approach could adhere to CEFR and address the shortfalls of L2TL. This study explores drama as a facilitation tool and uses elements of process drama to create an approach to DBTL that could create learning experiences which may enhance the efficacy of L2TL and adhere to CEFR.
This study argues that for a DBTL approach to be effective in L2TL, it has to foreground embodied cognition. Embodied cognition theories state that in order to create optimal learning opportunities, social, affective learning experiences should be created wherein learners interact with other humans and their environment in order to make and convey meaning. By critically engaging with embodied cognition theories, this study establishes which components of embodied cognition should be considered for DBTL to be effectively implemented in L2 classrooms. Subsequently, this knowledge ensures that the proposed approach to drama-based second language teaching and learning (DBL2TL) could allow for effective implementation. This study argues that a hypothetical DBL2TL programme based on this DBL2TL approach, which is steered by embodied cognition and adheres to CEFR, could overcome the shortfalls of L2TL. Furthermore, the programme could offer insight into how DBTL could effectively be implemented in L2TL, which in turn could enhance the effectual implementation of DBTL in L2 classrooms. Therefore, the hypothetical DBL2TL programme could enhance the efficacy of L2TL.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria 2020.
Drama
MA
Unrestricted
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Moore, Glenn Edward. "Anxiety and motivation in second language learning." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2448.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates student and instructor perceptions of the causes and effects of anxiety and motivation's effect on a student's ability to learn a second language. The study focused on the participant's perceptions of the causes and effects of anxiety, and relationships between anxiety and motivation, in both short-term and long-term learners.
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Zhao, Yifan. "Language Learning through Dialogs:Mental Imagery and Parallel Sensory Input in Second Language Learning." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1396634043.
Повний текст джерела
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Alang, Jaapar. "The effect of language contact and language use on second language competence and language attitude." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296186.
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Milligan, James N. "Second language learning needs of illiterate Italian adults, students of English as a Second Language." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq28716.pdf.
Повний текст джерела