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1
Sægrov, S., A. König, A. Mattick, J. Milina, J. Röstum, and I. Selseth. "Methods for estimating water network rehabilitation needs." Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2003): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper comprises a brief overview of some of the computer-based methods for water network rehabilitation planning, which are currently applied in Norway. Examples from some Norwegian cities using tools for estimation of long-term rehabilitation needs, network serviceability, as well as methods for prediction of water network failure frequency and failure distribution, are presented. These tools have been shown to give important support to the planning of future investments on water networks and the selection of rehabilitation candidates.
2
Kosztyán, Zsolt Tibor, and Judit Kiss. "MATRIX-BASED PROJECT PLANNING METHODS." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 1, no. 1 (May 10, 2011): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pmc/11.01.67.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Network planning methods for project planning and scheduling have been applied for more than fifty years including CPM, PDM, PERT and GERT (Fondahl, 1961; Fulkerson, 1962; Kelley & Walker, 1959; PMI, 2006; Pritsker, 1966), which can be widely applied to project planning fromareas as diverse as construction and R&D. However, these network planning methods are not very appropriate in cases where IT, innovation or product development are involved. There are some shortcomings when using network planning methods for scheduling these kinds of projects, because these methods cannot handle the importance of the task realizations. They cannot solve the problem, when some tasks have to be left out from the project because of the constraints, or when the completion order of tasks can be different. In this paper new matrix-based project planning methods are introduced which illustrate how all possible solutions can be determined in two steps based on the Project Expert Matrix. Firstly those tasks are selected, which have to be or can be realized during the project. Afterwards the dependencies (the sequence of the chosen tasks) are determined taking the project constraints into account. The possible solutions can be ranked and the most probable solution can be chosen which can be realized within the given constraints. This method can be a useful tool for project managers as a part of an expert system. Key words: matrix-based project planning method, Project Expert Graph, Project Expert Matrix, Stochastic Network Planning Method.
3
Ching-Chir Shyur, Shan-Hsin Tsao, and Ying-Ming Wu. "Survivable network planning methods and tools in Taiwan." IEEE Communications Magazine 33, no. 9 (1995): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.408432.
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Laiho, Jaana, and Achim Wacker. "Radio network planning process and methods for WCDMA." Annales Des Télécommunications 56, no. 5-6 (May 2001): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03001334.
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5
Md Saad, Syahrul Nizam, and Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde. "Evaluating the Potential of Hosting Capacity Enhancement Using Integrated Grid Planning modeling Methods." Energies 12, no. 19 (September 21, 2019): 3610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193610.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Connection of a significant amount of distributed generation, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity, may lead to problems in distribution networks due to violations of distribution network hosting capacity (HC) limits. HC enhancement techniques, such as energy storage, could increase the allowable PV penetration level in the distribution network, reducing the need for transmission and large-scale generation expansion. However, current approaches for transmission and generation expansion planning do not account for distribution network HC limits. As a consequence, it is hard to quantify the impact and benefits of HC enhancement in the context of long-term grid expansion planning. This paper presents a novel integrated planning approach, combining a two-stage transmission and generation expansion planning model with a distribution network hosting capacity assessment, which allows for inclusion of detailed distribution network constraints We test this method on a stylized representation of the Malaysian grid. Our results show that distribution constraints have a significant impact on optimal transmission expansion plans and significantly increase overall system costs. HC enhancement in the form of battery storage does not significantly mitigate this but does lead to a cost decrease regardless of distribution network constraints. We also show how our approach can identify the key interactions between transmission and distribution networks in systems with high levels of renewable and storage technologies. In particular, HC enhancement with battery storage can act as a substitute or complement to line investment, depending on the renewable energy penetration, the storage location and the level of coordination in the network.
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Сатторов and F. Sattorov. "Methods of indistinct multicriteria decision support in network planning." Forestry Engineering Journal 4, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4534.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper we consider the solution of multicriteria decision support in the assessment of the time parameter of network plan under uncertainty fuzzy character. Proposed method is based on the mechanisms of fuzzy set theory and multicriteria optimization and represents a fuzzy model, as input parameters of which set of fuzzy criterion act, the calculation in a fuzzy model is carried out on the bases of fuzzy reasoning (logical implication) of the base of rules, and as an output parameter of model, ie, possibilistic duration of work acts as the resulting function.
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Zhao, Hua, Zhuding Wang, David C. Yu, and Xiaohui Chen. "Transportation Model Based Hybrid Methods for Transmission Network Planning." Electric Power Components and Systems 34, no. 11 (September 22, 2006): 1191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325000600698514.
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Bao, Hai Long, Chen Fang, Jian Lin Yang, and Qiang Yin. "Research and Application of the Power Network Planning Methods Oriented to the Clustered City Planning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2636.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the urbanization of cities is rapidly developing in China, metropolitan regions establish the clustered power network planning scheme on the background of the clustered city planning of the adjacent areas. Base on the functional orientation and difference of clusters, as well as the theory of hierarchical clustered city planning, the article puts forward the power network planning thoughts and methods. As cluster becomes a planning unit, the load density method is applied in the differential load forecast and the location of substations as well as the path of transmission lines is selected with the thoughts of separation according to different layers and areas. And then, the results will be compared and verified with the planning scheme of the other clustered cities which have the similar function orientation and planning strategy. Finally, the planning methods will be standardized. The application in the power network of Cluster of Livable Education City in Zhengzhou has proved that the methods and steps of the power planning method proposed is able to meet the demand of the network development under the situation of the rapid growth of load.
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Maritano, Luigi, Salvatore Amoroso, and Francesco Castelluccio. "Heliport network planning through OR methods and use of GIS." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 88, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2015-0016.
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Abdallah, Jalal. "Distribution Network Planning and Design Using Branch and Bound Methods." American Journal of Applied Sciences 2, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2005.644.647.
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11
Miranda de Oliveira, Karina Lino, Debora Rosana Ribeiro Penido, and Leandro Ramos de Araujo. "Planning of the Wind Farm Distribution Network using Heuristic Methods." IEEE Latin America Transactions 16, no. 12 (December 2018): 2917–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2018.8804257.
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Mnif, Mouna Gargouri, and Sadok Bouamama. "Multi-Objective Optimization Methods for Transportation Network Problems." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 11, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoris.2020010101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article recapitulates literature research solving transportation problems and these variants, notably the multimodal transportation problems variants. Moreover, the existing optimization methods critiqued and synthesized their efficiency to solve the transportation problem. This problem can be identified by various criteria and objectives functions that distinguished according to the case study. Based on the existing literature research, a taxonomy is proposed to distinguish different factors and criteria that perform and influence the multi-objective optimization on the transportation network planning problems. The transportation problems are cited according to these objective functions, and the variant of the problem by referring to the previous studies. In this article, the authors have focused their attention on a recent multi-objective mathematical model to solve the planning network of the multimodal transportation problem.
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Huang, Yanyan, Hongli Zhao, Yunzhong Jiang, Xin Lu, Zheng Hao, and Hao Duan. "Comparison and Analysis of Different Discrete Methods and Entropy-Based Methods in Rain Gauge Network Design." Water 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2019): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A reasonable rain gauge network layout can provide accurate regional rainfall data and effectively support the monitoring, development and utilization of water resources. Currently, an increasing number of network design methods based on entropy targets are being applied to network design. The discretization of data is a common method of obtaining the probability in calculations of information entropy. To study the application of different discretization methods and different entropy-based methods in the design of rain gauge networks, this paper compares and analyzes 9 design results for rainy season rain gauge networks using three commonly used discretization methods (A1, SC and ST) and three entropy-based network design algorithms (MIMR, HT and HC) from three perspectives: the joint entropy, spatiality, and accuracy of the network, as evaluation indices. The results show that the variation in network information calculated by the A1 and ST methods for rainy season rain gauge data is too large or too small compared to that calculated by the SC method, and also that the MIMR method performs better in terms of spatiality and accuracy than the HC and HT methods. The comparative analysis results provide a reference for the selection of discrete methods and entropy-based objectives in rain gauge network design, and provides a way to explore a more suitable rain gauge network layout scheme.
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Ross-Pinnock, David, Glen Mullineux, and Patrick S. Keogh. "Temperature Sensor Position Planning." Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science 24, no. 3-4 (April 11, 2022): 65–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jid-210025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the challenges in large volume metrology is that it is often difficult or impossible to control the ambient conditions in which the object is to be measured. Dimensional measurement results vary with those conditions and it becomes necessary to apply some form of compensation. Thermal compensation of dimensional measurement is primarily reliant on the ability to properly measure temperature across the volume, which can differ by several degrees, but conventionally a uniform scaling has been applied. This paper focuses upon temperature sensor network planning improvement to facilitate thermal compensation. Beyond assembly environments, data from sensor networks are increasingly used to make decisions, but appropriate design and testing of such networks can be limited. As the demand for production digital twins increase, appropriate methods to quantify and optimise uncertainty to improve confidence will be invaluable. A virtual test bed has been created for the design, test, and optimisation of temperature sensor networks supported by physical simulation. Sensor networks have been used to take virtual measurements from a known temperature distribution and used to reconstruct the temperature distribution. Random search optimisation on a subset of the sensor network was carried out to determine some initial rules for sensor network design. The positioning of the sensors within the measurement volume and the method of reconstructing the temperature field was found to be more important than the capability of the individual sensors. Two means of interpolating the ambient field have been investigated: polynomial fitting and kriging. Temperature sensor networks appeared more sensitive to changes at the spatial boundary and these positions seem to be most critical for accurate reconstruction. In the case of the barrel section assembly it was found that asymmetric sensor heights produced better results, for example. A polynomial interpolation model using a 16-sensor network with 0.1 °C (confidence interval, k = 2) uncertainty sensors could produce a consistent temperature reconstruction error of ~0.04 °C RMS, corresponding to a thermal expansion error of ~1.5 μm in aluminium over a 1.6 m-tall structure.
15
Verma, Ashu R., P. K. Bijwe, and B. Panigrahi. "A Comparative Study of Metaheuristic Methods for Transmission Network Expansion Planning." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 1, no. 4 (October 2010): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaec.2010100104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Transmission network expansion planning is a very complex and computationally demanding problem due to the discrete nature of the optimization variables. This complexity has increased even more in a restructured deregulated environment. In this regard, there is a need for development of more rigorous optimization techniques. This paper presents a comparative analysis of three metaheuristic algorithms known as Bacteria foraging (BF), Genetic algorithm (GA), and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) for transmission network expansion planning with and without security constraints. The DC power flow based model is used for analysis and results for IEEE 24 bus system are obtained with the above three metaheuristic drawing a comparison of their performance characteristic.
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Gallego, R. A., A. Monticelli, and R. Romero. "Comparative studies on nonconvex optimization methods for transmission network expansion planning." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 13, no. 3 (1998): 822–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.708680.
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Li, Cheng Bing, Jun Li Tian, Hua Fei Jia, and Yu Wen Jia. "Research on the Planning Methods of Integrated Urban Passenger Transit Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2614.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to alleviate the low efficiency utilization of public transportation resources in the urban traffic of our country, the paper is put forward to analyze the planning methods of integrated passenger transit network, which gives an emphasis on the efficient cohesion, coordination and transfer between different modes of transportation, as well as gives a consideration to the urban development planning and the program of land layout. With a large number of data and field investigation, the paper found that we should give full consideration to the related indicators and set a goal function, then match each O-D point to choose the appropriate sections and appropriate means of transportation, and thus establish the model of a bi-level programming and the corresponding bi-level iterative algorithm in the urban passenger transit network planning of integration. Finally the model will be applied to the city’s passenger transport, and the various indexes before and after the project will be compared in order to test whether model established is correct or not.
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Mukasheva, M. A. "ALGORITHM AUTOMATION METHODS FOR WORKING WITH NETWORK EQUIPMENT." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 210 (December 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2021.12.pp.030-034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relevance of the topic: methods of automating algorithms for the operation of network equipment are currently carried out using various tools and solutions for faster and more efficient execution of routine tasks, as well as for obtaining deterministic results. Production processes need algorithmization of ACS as a tool for saving time resource for management, coordinating production schedules, technical and technological limitations. You can form an alternative to quickly respond to precedents in production that have not predicted to change the course of technological processes. Most automation options today have disadvantages and advantages. The most popular way is queuing theory. Optimization of global search, additive method of criteria convolution, APS (Advanced Planning and Scheduling) systems for the most perfect planning are relevant. The specified software systematically synchronizes the planning process deployed for optimization and combines actions on the links that make up the supply chain, accentuates the framework and specifics determined by production and the industry. Most often, the network equipment is controlled by a software module that loads the machines and mechanisms needed by the enterprise for the production of products. Developers design systems to control timeslots and production lines. Known for the high efficiency of algorithms, the execution of which occurs through the automated control system, and the installation is carried out at an industrial enterprise to control loading operations. In the structure of external software, an algorithm is required. The program module contains commands for loading operations. They are distributed for technological lines, divided along the time axis. We see a rational solution to simulate a complex using simulation and analytics based on an automation product within the network equipment configured by the program. This will allow, under the conditions of the experiment, to determine how most likely traffic will be distributed in time, to prepare methods for automatic collection of information. Input traffic parameters, settings or the current load arriving at the equipment are set arbitrarily.
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Sahitya, K. Sai, and Csrk Prasad. "GIS-Based Urban Road Network Accessibility Modeling Using MLR, ANN and ANFIS Methods." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 22, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2021-0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A sustainable transportation system is possible only through an efficient evaluation of transportation network performance. The efficiency of the transport network structure is analyzed in terms of its connectivity, accessibility, network development, and spatial pattern. This study primarily aims to propose a methodology for modeling the accessibility based on the structural parameters of the urban road network. Accessibility depends on the arrangement of the urban road network structure. The influence of the structural parameters on the accessibility is modeled using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis. The study attempts to introduce two methods of Artificial Intelligence (AI) namely Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Adaptive network-based neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in modeling the urban road network accessibility. The study also focuses on comparing the results obtained from MLR, ANN and ANFIS modeling techniques in predicting the accessibility. The results of the study present that the structural parameters of the road network have a considerable impact on accessibility. ANFIS method has shown the best performance in modeling the road network accessibility with a MAPE value of 0.287%. The present study adopted Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to quantify, extract and analyze different features of the urban transportation network structure. The combination of GIS, ANN, and ANFIS help in improved decision-making. The results of the study may be used by transportation planning authorities to implement better planning practices in order to improve accessibility.
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Wang, Xian Guang, Xiao Nian Sun, and Ming Wen Wang. "Importance of Road Network Layout and Optimization Methods Based on the Reliability." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper conducts an in-depth research on applications reliability in highway network planning and optimization of construction sequence. It introduces the concept of reliability to the layout of the importance of the road network node and establishes a fairly comprehensive theoretical method of highway network planning based on the reliability from the aspects of the road network layout, evaluation, and construction sequence arrangements. Case study illustrates the proposed layout optimization method has achieved satisfactory results in the road network reliability analysis, displaying strong practical promotional value.
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Sun, Xiao Nian, Shuo Chen, Yuan Yuan Mai, and Xian Guang Wang. "Reliabiliy of Road Network Layout and Optimization Methods Based on the Connectivity." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.544.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper conducts an in-depth research on applications reliability in highway network planning and optimization of construction sequence. It introduces the concept of reliability to the layout of the importance of the road network node and establishes a fairly comprehensive theoretical method of highway network planning based on the reliability from the aspects of the road network layout, evaluation, and construction sequence arrangements. Case study illustrates the proposed layout optimization method has achieved satisfactory results in the road network reliability analysis, displaying strong practical promotional value.
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Kochukov, O., and A. Mutule. "Network-Oriented Approach to Distributed Generation Planning." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 54, no. 3 (June 27, 2017): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2017-0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe main objective of the paper is to present an innovative complex approach to distributed generation planning and show the advantages over existing methods. The approach will be most suitable for DNOs and authorities and has specific calculation targets to support the decision-making process. The method can be used for complex distribution networks with different arrangement and legal base.
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Sheeba, G. Merlin, and Alamelu Nachiappan. "A Review on Optimal Node Placement Methods in Wireless Mesh Network Planning." i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks 3, no. 1 (June 15, 2014): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.3.1.2741.
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Maitra, Madhubanti, Ranjan Kumar Pradhan, Debashis Saha, and Amitava Mukherjee. "Optimal Location Area Planning for Mobile Cellular Network using Evolutionary Computing Methods." IETE Journal of Research 51, no. 3 (May 2005): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2005.11416399.
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Son, Le Hoang, and Pham Huy Thong. "Soft computing methods for WiMax Network Planning on 3D Geographical Information Systems." Journal of Computer and System Sciences 83, no. 1 (February 2017): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2016.06.009.
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Dawadi, Babu R., Danda B. Rawat, Shashidhar R. Joshi, and Pietro Manzoni. "Intelligent Approach to Network Device Migration Planning towards Software-Defined IPv6 Networks." Sensors 22, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010143.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Internet and telecom service providers worldwide are facing financial sustainability issues in migrating their existing legacy IPv4 networking system due to backward compatibility issues with the latest generation networking paradigms viz. Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and software-defined networking (SDN). Bench marking of existing networking devices is required to identify their status whether the existing running devices are upgradable or need replacement to make them operable with SDN and IPv6 networking so that internet and telecom service providers can properly plan their network migration to optimize capital and operational expenditures for future sustainability. In this paper, we implement “adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)”, a well-known intelligent approach for network device status identification to classify whether a network device is upgradable or requires replacement. Similarly, we establish a knowledge base (KB) system to store the information of device internetwork operating system (IoS)/firmware version, its SDN, and IPv6 support with end-of-life and end-of-support. For input to ANFIS, device performance metrics such as average CPU utilization, throughput, and memory capacity are retrieved and mapped with data from KB. We run the experiment with other well-known classification methods, for example, support vector machine (SVM), fine tree, and liner regression to compare performance results with ANFIS. The comparative results show that the ANFIS-based classification approach is more accurate and optimal than other methods. For service providers with a large number of network devices, this approach assists them to properly classify the device and make a decision for the smooth transitioning to SDN-enabled IPv6 networks.
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Chen, Zhenghua, Junjie Cao, Shengzhi Lu, Yezhang Cao, Shanshan Zheng, and Xiaonan Yang. "Research on new transmission network planning considering adjustable comprehensive resources." E3S Web of Conferences 329 (2021): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132901014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the large-scale renewable energy grid integration, the problems of traditional transmission network planning methods, such as high investment, low utilization rate and difficulty in implementation, have gradually emerged. Therefore, in order to improve the level of new energy consumption, effectively improve the operation efficiency of power grid and optimize the investment benefit, this paper proposes a new mode of power grid planning based on adjustable integrated resources. This paper focuses on two key planning methods: new energy confidence capacity assessment methods and load forecasting methods considering demand side resources.Then the paper takes a city-level 220 KV power grid as an example, applies a new power grid planning method to carry out planning, and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed planning model and method.
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Kaneberg, Elvira, Susanne Hertz, and Leif-Magnus Jensen. "Emergency preparedness planning in developed countries: the Swedish case." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-10-2015-0039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the needs of the supply-chain (SC) network when coping with permanent and temporary demands, this paper analyzes the Swedish emergency preparedness SC network. This network comprises planning procedures and resources, as well as numerous organizations and other participants in civil society that take part in the system to cope with threats and ongoing crises. Planning constitutes a critical infrastructure because the system must develop the ability to shift SC functions from permanent to temporary networks in ongoing crises and war. Design/methodology/approach – A research study is performed based on data gathered by three qualitative methods concerning the SC network of emergency preparedness planning. Findings – This study demonstrates the relevance of a wide empirical field challenging several theoretical perspectives of the SC network in preparedness planning and the shift to ongoing crises. Further research targeting key capabilities is needed to further improve understanding of the challenges for developed countries in managing potential threats and crises. Originality/value – Actors taking part in the preparedness system have found it challenging to coordinate. Due, in part, to the lack of a common threat profile, key capabilities remain outside preparedness planning, e.g., military, commercial and voluntary actors as well as unclear and inconsistent regulations. Thus, building the SC network demonstrates the need to target the military, the voluntary and commercial sectors and their ability to develop the networks in preparedness planning. In a reformed system, all actors must strengthen civil defense in an all-hazard approach, which in planning encompasses the entire threat scale, demonstrating key functions and the ability to shift to temporary networks responding to ongoing crises, including war.
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Miao, Yufan, Reinhard Koenig, Katja Knecht, Kateryna Konieva, Peter Buš, and Mei-Chih Chang. "Computational urban design prototyping: Interactive planning synthesis methods—a case study in Cape Town." International Journal of Architectural Computing 16, no. 3 (September 2018): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077118798395.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article is motivated by the fact that in Cape Town, South Africa, approximately 7.5 million people live in informal settlements and focuses on potential upgrading strategies for such sites. To this end, we developed a computational method for rapid urban design prototyping. The corresponding planning tool generates urban layouts including street network, blocks, parcels and buildings based on an urban designer’s specific requirements. It can be used to scale and replicate a developed urban planning concept to fit different sites. To facilitate the layout generation process computationally, we developed a new data structure to represent street networks, land parcellation, and the relationship between the two. We also introduced a nested parcellation strategy to reduce the number of irregular shapes generated due to algorithmic limitations. Network analysis methods are applied to control the distribution of buildings in the communities so that preferred neighborhood relationships can be considered in the design process. Finally, we demonstrate how to compare designs based on various urban analysis measures and discuss the limitations that arise when we apply our method in practice, especially when dealing with more complex urban design scenarios.
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Liu, Dian, XiangWei Liu, and CunLai Ma. "Multiconstraint-Oriented Tactical Communication Network Planning Problem." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 4, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1857304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the complex network theory, this paper comprehensively studies the equipment and its interrelationship in the tactical communication system and constructs a system networking model. Based on the analysis of the structure and organizational application of the tactical communication system, this paper provides an appropriate mathematical description of its net-electric attack strategy and evaluation. A network simulation test model of tactical communication system was established, and then, by changing the network structure of the tactical communication system, such as the number of nodes, the nature of links, and the conditions of the net-electric attack, changes in combat capabilities were observed, and the impact of equipment deployment and communication organization methods on the system was analyzed, and finally, reliability evaluation and optimization analysis were conducted.
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Kosztyán, Zsolt T. "CHALLENGES OF THE PROJECT PLANNING METHODS IN THE 21ST CENTURY." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 5, no. 1 (December 5, 2012): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pmc/12.05.46.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are a lot of project planning (like Gantt chart (Gant, 1910)) and network-based scheduling methods (like CPM, PDM, GERT (see i.e. Kelley-Walker, 1959, Pritsker 1966)), they were developed for handling traditional (e.g. construction) projects. While these methods are appropriate for the operation level - logic planning, scheduling, cost and resource allocation - of traditional project managemet, these methods can hardly be used for agile and extreme project management. Network-based methods focus on operation level, while for strategic decisions other methods should be used. Matrix-based methods can be used for planning agile methods (see Kosztyán-Kiss 2010-2013), however these methods also focused on operation level. This paper introduces an improved matrix-based method, the extended Multilevel Project Expert Matrix (xMPEM) method. This method can be used not only for operation, but strategic level of project management, where typical strategic questions arise e.g. which subprojects/tasks should be completed, how to treat priorities of completion in case of defining logic planning, how to support not only traditional but agile project management approaches. In this paper a multilevel genetic algorithm (MLGA) will be specified in order to determine possible project scenarios and possible project structures. The introduced xMPEM and MLGA methods can serve as the connection between operation and the strategic level of the project management. Key words: Project Expert System, matrix-based project planning methods, multilevel project planning.
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Wu, Ga, Buser Say, and Scott Sanner. "Scalable Planning with Deep Neural Network Learned Transition Models." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 68 (July 20, 2020): 571–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11829.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In many complex planning problems with factored, continuous state and action spaces such as Reservoir Control, Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC), and Navigation domains, it is difficult to obtain a model of the complex nonlinear dynamics that govern state evolution. However, the ubiquity of modern sensors allows us to collect large quantities of data from each of these complex systems and build accurate, nonlinear deep neural network models of their state transitions. But there remains one major problem for the task of control – how can we plan with deep network learned transition models without resorting to Monte Carlo Tree Search and other black-box transition model techniques that ignore model structure and do not easily extend to continuous domains? In this paper, we introduce two types of planning methods that can leverage deep neural network learned transition models: Hybrid Deep MILP Planner (HD-MILP-Plan) and Tensorflow Planner (TF-Plan). In HD-MILP-Plan, we make the critical observation that the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) transfer function for deep networks not only allows faster convergence of model learning, but also permits a direct compilation of the deep network transition model to a Mixed-Integer Linear Program (MILP) encoding. Further, we identify deep network specific optimizations for HD-MILP-Plan that improve performance over a base encoding and show that we can plan optimally with respect to the learned deep networks. In TF-Plan, we take advantage of the efficiency of auto-differentiation tools and GPU-based computation where we encode a subclass of purely continuous planning problems as Recurrent Neural Networks and directly optimize the actions through backpropagation. We compare both planners and show that TF-Plan is able to approximate the optimal plans found by HD-MILP-Plan in less computation time. Hence this article offers two novel planners for continuous state and action domains with learned deep neural net transition models: one optimal method (HD-MILP-Plan) and a scalable alternative for large-scale problems (TF-Plan).
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Potyralla, Maciej. "Geostatistical Methods in Water Distribution Network Design - A Case Study." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2019-0008.
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Abstract Modeling of the loads of water supply networks and their subsequent forecasting is an element necessary for making optimum decisions in the process of planning the development and operation of the water supply networks. The results of this modeling are decisive for the selection of the diameters of the pipelines and their arrangement on the water demand area. This study presents the results of estimation of average values of loads for the selected investment variants. The aim of the article is to present the possibility of simulations and analyses of the geostatistical interpolation methods. Data input in the model regarded the fragment of the real water supply network administered by the Municipal Water and Sewerage Company in Warszawa. Results of the computer analyses for the presented investment variants were related to the operating data of the water supply network and the data on water demand for the years 2014-2017 and 2018-2025. The aim of this paper is to present the advantages of GIS for the water supply systems and to prove that using the appropriate IT system, with provision of proper data processing, may lead to decisions which are optimum in view of the established, often very complex criteria.
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Grod, Inna, Nadiia Balyk, Yaroslav Vasylenko, Serhii Martyniuk, Vasyl Oleksiuk, and Olha Barna. "WEB SERVICE OF WORKS PLANNING USING NETWORK GRAPH." Physical and Mathematical Education 34, no. 2 (May 9, 2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/2413-1571-2022-034-2-003.
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Formulation the problem. Large-scale projects of the modern society include a large number of different types of work. The network graph is the main document for planning and managing such projects. This is an information-dynamic model of the sequence of works and the relationships between them. From a mathematical point of view, the network model is a finite-oriented graph. The construction of such a schedule begins with the division of the project into clearly defined works, for which the duration is specified. It is the mathematical approach that can and should replace the still widespread mechanical approach to work planning with a scientifically sound division of the production program between departments. Most authors reveal the essence of mathematical modeling through a system of complex mathematical formulas or emphasize the use of information systems and technologies. The conducted research allowed us to draw a conclusion that some discrete process management issues (namely time management) need further consideration and research. Materials and Methods. During the study, a set of theoretical, empirical, and modeling methods were applied, in particular: systematic analysis of scientific and methodological sources, the results of domestic and foreign experience on the problem, review of existing software to determine the problem solution state and select development tools of web service, analysis of methods and technologies network graphs construction, generalization of information on the problem. Results. A review of previous research in this area has been conducted. The results of the pedagogical experiment and theoretical and methodological bases of construction of network graphs in works planning tasks are analyzed. The necessity of using the apparatus of graph theory to solve the problems of optimal work planning is substantiated. Based on the methodological strategy, a web application was developed that allows you to plan the progress of work in complex projects by building an appropriate network schedule. A brief description of the functionality and user interface of the proposed web application is provided. Conclusions. A feature of the created application is the solution to the problem of planning the implementation of complex works, involving network models, which simplifies the understanding of the model as a whole and provides optimization of the developed graph-based on mathematical methods. The program displays the results of planning in graphical and textual representation, this facilitates and makes the choice of solution obvious, allows you to monitor the progress of events, and makes adjustments to the model to improve optimization. The study was conducted within the Norwegian-Ukrainian Project CPEA-ST-2019/10067 Development of students' mathematical competencies through Digital Mathematical Modelling (DeDiMaMo) in partnership between the Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University and the University of Agder (Norway), Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University.
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Lu, Zi. "Theory and methods of system engineering on communication network integrated planning of disaster." Netcom 10, no. 1 (1996): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/netco.1996.1335.
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Tu, Wen Yuan, Ji Hui Ma, Wei Guan, and Xin Jie Chen. "The Study of Bus Transit Network Design Methods for Different Sized Cities." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 5624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5624.
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With the rapid development of the national economy, the construction of China’s urban transportation is in the stage of rapid development. Both big cities and small-medium cities increasingly appear all kinds of issues such as traffic congestion. Priority to the development of public transport is the most effective way to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion, and urban bus transit network design is the first step in the planning of the public transport system, plays a vital role in the transportation system planning. Bus transit network generally consisted of rail transit, bus rapid transit and conventional bus in big cities, while it composed of conventional bus in small-medium cities. Therefore, this paper made research on the applicability of bus transit network design methods for different sized cities, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, and explored a more excellent method for bus transit network design.
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Wang, Cheng, and Zhengdong Huang. "Cascading failure model for improving the robustness from the perspective of traffic planning." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 23 (September 20, 2019): 1950262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921950262x.
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In the field of complex networks, construction cost and operational stability are the main topics for traffic networks. Increasing the investment in key edges and reducing the investment in nonkey edges can effectively reduce the cost and improve the network stability. Much empirical evidence shows that an edge with a high load is not always the priority. A new method of unifying the weights is presented. This method can compare the importance of edges in different cascading failure models. By studying a large number of research experiments, a new model for controlling the cascading failure and construction cost is proposed. The performance of three models for the scale-free network and the traffic network has been explored. The reason why the new model shows a more stable performance than the other models has been explained through the computational methods. In conclusion, the new model can control the spreading of a cascading failure in the traffic network well. This paper might be useful for preventing and mitigating cascading failures in other traffic networks.
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Ko, Pei-Chun. "INVESTIGATING SOCIAL NETWORKS OF OLDER SINGAPOREAN LEARNERS: THE MIXED-METHODS SOCIAL NETWORK APPROACH." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2768.
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Abstract Lifelong learning has been regarded as an important factor of promoting active engagement in later life for researchers and policy makers. Most of the studies tend to illustrate old learners as a homogeneous and self-resilient group of people to engage in lifelong learning. Few studies address older learners’ social capital in affecting their decision of engagement and in sustaining their motivation. The study documented the existing social networks of older Singaporeans in lifelong learning programs and illustrated how social networks contributed their participation in learning. The mixed methods consist of in-depth interviews and two network instruments (Name Generator and Position Generator) based on 30 older Singaporeans (between 50 and 79 years old) who attended lifelong learning courses between 2016 and 2018. Interviews are transcribed and analyzed. The network instruments of are quantified and visualized. The findings show that older learners’ networks included a mixture of social ties from family and friends. Learners’ closeness with network members and their living arrangement with them influenced learners’ involvement in learning and future planning. Single respondents who had more non-kin members in the networks reported to be more active due to their weak ties. Overlapping networks among couple learners increase the spousal support for learning. Learners who had wider ranges of social resources are associated with their interest in learning activities. The study suggests that advocating lifelong learning needs to take older adults’ networks into considerations as networks represent the social forces that influence their decisions and motivations.
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Domina, Olena. "FEATURES OF FINDING OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS IN NETWORK PLANNING." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001471.
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The object of research is a test network diagram, in relation to which the task of minimizing the objective function qmax/qmin→min is posed, which requires maximizing the uniformity of the workload of personnel when implementing an arbitrary project using network planning. The formulation of the optimization problem, therefore, assumed finding such times of the beginning of the execution of operations, taken as input variables, in order to ensure the minimum value of the ratio of the peak workload of personnel to the minimum workload.
The procedure for studying the response surface proposed in the framework of RSM is described in relation to the problem of optimizing network diagrams. A feature of this procedure is the study of the response surface by a combination of two methods – canonical transformation and ridge analysis. This combination of methods for studying the response surface allows to see the difference between optimal solutions in the sense of "extreme" and in the sense of "best". For the considered test network diagram, the results of the canonical transformation showed the position on the response surface of the extrema in the form of maxima, which is unacceptable for the chosen criterion for minimizing the objective function qmax/qmin→min. It is shown that the direction of movement towards the best solutions with respect to minimizing the value of the objective function is determined on the basis of a parametric description of the objective function and the restrictions imposed by the experiment planning area. A procedure for constructing nomograms of optimal solutions is proposed, which allows, after its implementation, to purposefully choose the best solutions based on the real network diagrams of your project
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Li, Bangya, and Liang Liu. "Diversity of Building Blocks Unity of Construction Rule for Transportation Networks." E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 03079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125303079.
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The identification of local structure composition may help understand the network construction law from a bottom-up view. Focusing on local structure, the network subgraph approach was applied to systematically analyze 3- to 7-node subgraphs in several transportation networks in China. Results show that the number of subgraph and forms increase as the subgraph scale increase, but the rate are different, which indicates the diversity of building blocks in transportation networks. Moreover, both the network subgraph rank can be divided into two kinds, each corresponding to one of the transport geographical networks and transport service networks. The two kinds reflect the unity of construction rule of geographical network or service network due to the similarity of the cost, technical and space constraints. The methods and results can be used as methods and standards in the planning, evaluation and optimization of transportation networks.
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Al Hamrouni, Ibrahim, Azhar Khairuddin, and M. Salem. "Application of Differential Evolution Algorithm in Transmission Expansion Planning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 394 (September 2013): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.394.314.
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Transmission expansion planning has become a complicated procedure more than it was. The rapid growth of the transmission networks and the deregulation has introduced more objectives and uncertainties to the transmission network planners. As a result of that, new approach and criteria that can replace the old ones are needed for TEP problem. The main goal of this process is to locate the additional transmission lines that must be added to meet the forecasted load in the system adequately with minimum cost. There have been several methods applied for this purpose; mathematical optimization methods, heuristic and Meta heuristic methods. This paper reviews the use of Meta heuristic method by the means of differential evolution algorithm (DEA) to solve this multi objective optimization problem. In addition, some suggestions have been made by the author that can make the DEA more efficient and applicable in the real world networks.
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Yeates, Christopher, Cornelia Schmidt-Hattenberger, Wolfgang Weinzierl, and David Bruhn. "Heuristic Methods for Minimum-Cost Pipeline Network Design – a Node Valency Transfer Metaheuristic." Networks and Spatial Economics 21, no. 4 (October 8, 2021): 839–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11067-021-09550-9.
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AbstractDesigning low-cost network layouts is an essential step in planning linked infrastructure. For the case of capacitated trees, such as oil or gas pipeline networks, the cost is usually a function of both pipeline diameter (i.e. ability to carry flow or transferred capacity) and pipeline length. Even for the case of incompressible, steady flow, minimizing cost becomes particularly difficult as network topology itself dictates local flow material balances, rendering the optimization space non-linear. The combinatorial nature of potential trees requires the use of graph optimization heuristics to achieve good solutions in reasonable time. In this work we perform a comparison of known literature network optimization heuristics and metaheuristics for finding minimum-cost capacitated trees without Steiner nodes, and propose novel algorithms, including a metaheuristic based on transferring edges of high valency nodes. Our metaheuristic achieves performance above similar algorithms studied, especially for larger graphs, usually producing a significantly higher proportion of optimal solutions, while remaining in line with time-complexity of algorithms found in the literature. Data points for graph node positions and capacities are first randomly generated, and secondly obtained from the German emissions trading CO2 source registry. As political will for applications and storage for hard-to-abate industry CO2 emissions is growing, efficient network design methods become relevant for new large-scale CO2 pipeline networks.
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Zhou, Wenjuan, and Li Wang. "The Energy-Efficient Dynamic Route Planning for Electric Vehicles." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (August 26, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2607402.
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Aiming to provide an approach for finding energy-efficient routes in dynamic and stochastic transportation networks for electric vehicles, this paper addresses the route planning problem in dynamic transportation network where the link travel times are assumed to be random variables to minimize total energy consumption and travel time. The changeable signals are introduced to establish state-space-time network to describe the realistic dynamic traffic network and also used to adjust the travel time according to the signal information (signal cycle, green time, and red time). By adjusting the travel time, the electric vehicle can achieve a nonstop driving mode during the traveling. Further, the nonstop driving mode could avoid frequent acceleration and deceleration at the signal intersections so as to reduce the energy consumption. Therefore, the dynamically adjusted travel time can save the energy and eliminate the waiting time. A multiobjective 0-1 integer programming model is formulated to find the optimal routes. Two methods are presented to transform the multiobjective optimization problem into a single objective problem. To verify the validity of the model, a specific simulation is conducted on a test network. The results indicate that the shortest travel time and the energy consumption of the planning route can be significantly reduced, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
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Wruk, Julian, Kevin Cibis, Matthias Resch, Hanne Sæle, and Markus Zdrallek. "Optimized Strategic Planning of Future Norwegian Low-Voltage Networks with a Genetic Algorithm Applying Empirical Electric Vehicle Charging Data." Electricity 2, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity2010006.
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This article outlines methods to facilitate the assessment of the impact of electric vehicle charging on distribution networks at planning stage and applies them to a case study. As network planning is becoming a more complex task, an approach to automated network planning that yields the optimal reinforcement strategy is outlined. Different reinforcement measures are weighted against each other in terms of technical feasibility and costs by applying a genetic algorithm. Traditional reinforcements as well as novel solutions including voltage regulation are considered. To account for electric vehicle charging, a method to determine the uptake in equivalent load is presented. For this, measured data of households and statistical data of electric vehicles are combined in a stochastic analysis to determine the simultaneity factors of household load including electric vehicle charging. The developed methods are applied to an exemplary case study with Norwegian low-voltage networks. Different penetration rates of electric vehicles on a development path until 2040 are considered.
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Hodzhayan, E. "Improvement of Museum Exhibition Planning Processes Based on Project Management Methods." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 8, no. 5 (November 3, 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2020-57-63.
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The urgency of development management to ensure competitiveness of culture institutions in conditions of transition to market conditions of managing. The basic principles of integration mechanism of project management in traditional management system of culture institution are analyzed. The ideas about the art project are generalized. The possibilities of a harmonious combination of process and project approaches to the management of culture institution are analyzed. In article using methods of network planning on the example of managing exhibition activity of the museum is considered. This allowed to design effective organization of works on exhibition design.
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Jalkanen, Joel, Tuuli Toivonen, and Atte Moilanen. "Identification of ecological networks for land-use planning with spatial conservation prioritization." Landscape Ecology 35, no. 2 (December 21, 2019): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00950-4.
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Abstract Context Spatial conservation prioritization (SCP) has most often been applied to the design of reserve network expansion. In addition to occurrences of species and habitats inside protected area candidate sites, one may also be interested about network-level connectivity considerations. Objectives We applied SCP to the identification of ecological networks to inform the development of a new regional plan for the region of Uusimaa (South-Finland, including the Finnish capital district). Methods Input data were 59 high-quality layers of biotope and species distribution data. We identified ecological networks based on a combination of a Zonation balanced priority ranking map and a weighted range size rarity map, to account for both relative and absolute conservation values in the process. We also identified ecological corridors between protected areas and other ecologically high-priority areas using the corridor retention method of Zonation. Furthermore, we identified candidate sites for habitat restoration. Results We found seven large ecological networks (132–1201 km2) which stand out from their surrounding landscape in terms of ecological value and have clear connectivity bottlenecks between them. Highest restoration needs were found between large high-priority sites that are connected via remnant habitat fragments in comparatively highly modified areas. Conclusions Land conversion should be avoided in areas of highest ecological priorities and network-level connectivity. Restoration should be considered for connectivity bottlenecks. Methods described here can be applied in any location where relevant spatial data are available. The present results are actively used by the regional council and municipalities in the region of Uusimaa.
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Stupina, A. A., O. I. Antamoshkina, I. R. Ruiga, L. N. Korpacheva, and E. S. Kovzunova. "Building the strategy for innovative development of industrial enterprises based on network planning methods." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1047, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1047/1/012039.
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Zhang, Fan, Shui Yuan Cheng, Ping Zhong, Rui Wu, Ming Juan Ma, and Wei Wei Gong. "Study of China’s Highway Environmental Monitoring Network Planning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.318.
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Environmental monitoring of national highway is an important content of China’s environmental monitoring network in the transport field, a part of national environmental monitoring system, and also a significant basis for environmental protection supervision and management of the transport industry. Using the methods of spatial analysis, grid analysis, and optimization through ArcGIS, monitoring objects of Chinese national highway environmental monitoring network had been screened out. Among which, the environmental quality monitoring objects are composed of the national highway sensitive sections nearby or passing through 277 natural reserves, 32 national scenic areas, 7 of the world’s natural and cultural heritage sites, 8 important wetlands, 398 important reservoirs, and 193 state-level sensitive aquatic germ plasm resources conservation areas; and the pollutant emission monitoring objects include 316 long and extra-long tunnels, 539 service areas and 601 toll stations with large traffic volume. Environmental quality monitoring objects and pollutant emission monitoring objects form China’s National Highway Environmental Monitoring Network, which has filled the blank of highway environmental monitoring in the national environmental monitoring network. It will play a positive role in promoting the green development of China's transport industry.
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Wan, Bingtong, Xueying Bao, and Jianchang Zhao. "Evaluation Method and Application of Ecological Sensitivity of Intercity Railway Network Planning." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020804.
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In the planning stage of the intercity railway network, the ecological sensitivity evaluation of the planning scheme is not only the key content to explore the ecological environmental rationality of the planning scheme but also a scientific means to promote the sustainable development of intercity railway networks. The purpose of this study is to establish an evaluation method that can quantitatively evaluate the ecological sensitivity of intercity railway network planning to put forwards targeted optimization and adjustment suggestions for the planning scheme. Taking the intercity railway network planning of Guizhou Province as an example, its ecological sensitivity is predicted and evaluated. Six types of ecologically sensitive areas were selected as ecological sensitivity evaluation factors, including protected areas, drinking water sources, geological disaster-prone areas, soil erosion areas, cultivated land resource distribution areas and coal resource distribution areas. Based on the GIS overlay method, the quantitative measurement methods of each evaluation factor are established in turn, and the single factor sensitivity evaluation index is obtained. In addition, the weighted superposition model is used to quantitatively calculate the ecological sensitivity of the planned lines of the intercity railway network in Guizhou Province. Finally, the short board factor of each planned line is obtained, and targeted optimization and adjustment suggestions are put forwards. The research content of this paper can provide a theoretical reference for the practical evaluation of the ecological sensitivity of intercity railway network planning.
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Suszyński, Marcin, and Katarzyna Peta. "Assembly Sequence Planning Using Artificial Neural Networks for Mechanical Parts Based on Selected Criteria." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 10414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110414.
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The proposed model of the neural network describes the task of planning the assembly sequence on the basis of predicting the optimal assembly time of mechanical parts. In the proposed neural approach, the k-means clustering algorithm is used. In order to find the most effective network, 10,000 network models were made using various training methods, including the steepest descent method, the conjugate gradients method, and Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm. Changes to network parameters also included the following activation functions: linear, logistic, tanh, exponential, and sine. The simulation results suggest that the neural predictor would be used as a predictor for the assembly sequence planning system. This paper discusses a new modeling scheme known as artificial neural networks, taking into account selected criteria for the evaluation of assembly sequences based on data that can be automatically downloaded from CAx systems.