Дисертації з теми "Méthanol – Synthèse (chimie)"
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Péruch, Olivier. "Nouveaux catalyseurs pour la synthèse du méthanethiol par hydrosulfuration du méthanol." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2282.
Повний текст джерелаMethanethiol is a key intermediate in methionine synthesis, an amino-acid which is widely used in food-processing industry
Aloisi, Alicia. "Synthèse de nouveaux ligands tripodes et de leurs complexes de coordination pour l’activation de petites molécules." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS360/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe extensive use of fossile fuel is currently causing climate change. Anthropogenic emissions of CO₂ enhance the greenhouse effect, resulting in global warming. In order to mitigate this climate change, the share of renewable energy is increasing and hydrogen seems to be a good candidate to stock energy to compensate the seasonal variations of those energies. One way to store H₂ is the hydrogenation of CO₂ to synthesise liquid molecules as formic acid and methanol. Those liquids can be conveyed in an easier way. In case of a lack of energy, H₂ can be recovered through dehydrogenation of those molecules thinks to catalysts. In this thesis, we studied the synthesis of organometallic complexes able to activate those small molecules, thus, growing a fundamental knowledge. As a number of triphos-metal complexes are known to catalyse hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions, we focused on the elaboration of ligands alike. With those ligands in hand, several non-noble metal based complexes (Fe (II), Co (II) and Cu (I)) were synthesized, which are active in CO₂ hydroboration catalysis. A complex of ruthenium(II)was grafted on silica through one of this ligand, in order to recycle it when it used as a catalyst. On the second hand, we designed a new ligand which could favor metal-ligand cooperativity. H₂ was succesfully activated with a copper(I) complex coordinated by this ligand, demonstrating that cooperation of the ligand. Finally, the first known cobalt complex active in dehydrogenation of formic acid was synthesised
Thavornprasert, Kaew-arpha. "Production of acetals from bio-resourced alcohols over bifunctional catalysts." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10016.
Повний текст джерелаThe severe environmental issues caused by the fossil-based sources consumption have driven numerous studies to find alternative sustainable resources. Biomass is a renewable feedstock for a large spectrum of valuable chemicals especially for fuels applications. Acetals, dimethoxymethane (DMM) and diethoxythane (DEE), can be produced from biomass-derived methanol and ethanol, respectively. Herein, a concept of synthesizing acetals via a one-step alcohol conversion is applied instead of the currently used two-steps reactions of alcohol partial oxidation/acetalization. The DMM synthesis is studied on FeMo mixed oxide having needed redox/acidic functions. 50 % of DMM yield is achieved at 255 °C on the catalyst with a Mo/Fe ratio of 3.2. DMM selectivity is boosted when using a methanol-rich (40 mol.%) feed and a high selectivity is kept up to 60 % of methanol conversion. A synergistic effect between Mo and Fe species on the conversion is evident. The active sites incorporating Mo and Fe cations is suggested, involving lattice O2- and anionic vacancies generated by surface dehydroxylation. LEIS analysis confirms the presence of Mo and Fe species in the outermost atomic layer. XPS and in situ EPR studies show that Fe centers provide the redox property. The acidity is brought by anionic vacancies acting as Lewis acid. XPS results confirm the role of gas-phase O2 to reoxidize the surface and regenerate the active sites. FeMo-based catalysts were applied in the DEE synthesis due to analogous pathways of methanol/ethanol reactions. The catalyst is not selectively to acetal DEE as expected, probably due to the steric hindrance or to the inadequate acidic strength of the FeMo system
Bruniaux, Sophie. "Nouveaux hydrotropes biosourcés : conception, synthèse et propriétés physico-chimiques en milieu hautement salin." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2378.
Повний текст джерелаHistorically, chemical industry was based on fossil ressources, but alternative processes have been developed since the nineteens to be green and to answer to the environmental eco-responsibility questions. In this context, a collaboration work between three public laboratories and the SAS PIVERT emerged to find new biosourced hydrotropes starting from various polyols – such as glycerol, main byproduct of the fuel production – and resistant to high saline conditions. A specific design was defined by our physico-chemical partner for the synthesis of hydrotropes. Differents approaches were used to obtain these compounds, such as a new method of methylation using sub/supercritical methanol with a phase of optimization, and another about the scope of the reaction that reduced the reaction steps. The transposition of the reductive alkylation of various alcohols was also realized – using a heterogeneous catalysis – with the obtention of various ethers, in continuous flow conditions, by the intermediate of the use of the HCube Pro from ThalesNano
Herbin, Morgane. "Etude de l’influence de différents modes de synthèse sur la nature de la phase active de catalyseurs à base de molybdène : Caractérisation par couplage de spectroscopies XPS/LEIS/ToF-SIMS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10069.
Повний текст джерелаThe coupling of surface analysis techniques (XPS, LEIS et ToF-SIMS) allowed to characterize the nature of the active phase on Mo-based catalysts according to different modes of synthesis. To imitate chemical means by impregnation mode, model catalysts we prepared by spin-coating. In addition, a new physical path, by magnetron sputtering, has been explored for the synthesis of catalysts. Correlations between spectroscopic data XPS and LEIS on model systems determine the recovery rate and the structure of the active phase : Mo low content monomeric and high content polymeric entities. Finally, the catalytic performances of the different catalytic systems for the controlled oxidation of methanol are discussed under spectroscopic characterizations. This work has been performed within INTERREG IV CATARR network (Materia Nova, Mons University and Lille1 University)
Corda, Massimo. "Catalyst Design and Mechanistic Insights into COx Hydrogenation to Methanol and Light Olefins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2024/2024ULILR037.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 presents significant environmental challenges and emphasizes the urgency for sustainable chemical processes. One promising approach to address this issues is the catalytic conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals, such as methanol and light olefins. This thesis focuses on the catalyst development for the methanol synthesis and the methanol-mediated light olefins synthesis from CO2. Moreover, the methanol-mediated CO hydrogenation to light olefins is also studied: CO can be considered as an alternative to CO2, as it can be produced by the Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction. The work reported in this thesis provides new insights into catalyst design for the COx hydrogenation to methanol or light olefins, suggesting new strategies to improve product selectivity. Additionally, the thesis advances the understanding of mechanistic aspects of these reactions. For the CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, the commercial CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst was promoted with halogens (Br, Cl, I), to improve selectivity to methanol. It was observed that Br allowed to improve the selectivity of 10 % compared to the pristine catalyst. A kinetic analysis showed that Br caused the suppression of the Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction and of the methanol decomposition reaction, both responsible of the parallel production of CO. For the methanol-mediated CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins, a series of bifunctional catalysts based on oxides of Zn, In, Mn, Cr, or Ga and different SAPO-34 zeolites were studied. The analysis of the selectivity-conversion correlations allowed to elucidate the functions of each catalyst component. It was uncovered that the selectivity to LO within hydrocarbon fractions depended ultimately on the zeolite component and decreased as a function of hydrocarbon yield. The metal-oxide catalyst component was responsible for the CO2 conversion, overall hydrocarbon and CO selectivity. The SAPO-34 morphology and acidity were identified as major descriptors of the CO-free LO selectivity in the CO2 hydrogenation over bifunctional catalysts. Finally, for the methanol-mediated synthesis of light olefins from syngas, this work studied the activity of a bifunctional catalyst composed by supported silver nanoparticles mixed with SAPO-34 zeolite. The resulting catalysts exhibited higher selectivity to light olefins compared to a conventional oxide-zeolite catalyst. It was observed that the reaction is structure-sensitive, and the silver particle size influences the selectivity to light olefins
Fleys, Matthieu. "Conversion catalytique du méthane en gaz de synthèse par oxydation partielle." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_FLEYS_M.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMethane is the main component of natural gas. It can be transformed into synthesis gas (H2+CO) by the partial oxidation reaction (POM). The main goal of this work is to understand the kinetic mechanism of the POM reaction in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction is carried out in two different kinds of reactor: a perfectly jet-stirred reactor where both gas phase and surface reactions can be studied simultaneously and a fixed bed reactor. In a first part, lanthanum oxide La2O3 is used as a catalyst. From comparisons between experimental and simulated data (Chemkin®/Chemkin Surface®), a hetero-homogeneous mechanism having the ability to explain experimental observations is proposed. In a second part, the efforts were focused on two nickel based catalysts (Ni/La2O3 and Ni/CeO2) which exhibit a good and stable activity. The discussion on the catalytic performances was done on the basis of experimental observations and catalyst characterizations
Ronsin, Gaël. "Acylation d'un alcool achiral et d'un thiol chiral par le méthylphénylcétène : catalyse et sélectivité." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES025.
Повний текст джерелаGay, Julien. "Synthèse de méthanethiol à partir de méthanol et d'H2S en présence de K2WO4/Al2O3." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2297.
Повний текст джерелаMethanethiol (MeSH) is a key intermediate involved in the synthesis of methionine, an essential amino acid widely used in food-processing industry. Given that methionine market is constantly growing, optimizing MeSH production from methanol (MeOH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is of paramount importance. The impact of key parameters, such as MeOH conversion, temperature, or H2S/MeOH molar ratio has been studied in a range consistent with industrial conditions. A strong inhibiting effect of water (which is the co-product of the reaction) has been highlighted, both on catalytic activity and selectivities towards the different products. However, carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), which are non-recoverable products, have no influence on catalytic performances. A complete reaction scheme accounting for the formation of the different reaction products has been proposed. A kinetic model using Langmuir-Hinshelwood formalism was developed, which affords precise estimation of experimental data.Characterization of K2WO4/Al2O3 catalyst confirmed that acid-base dual sites were the active sites responsible for MeSH formation. Acidity is mainly brought by tungsten species whereas potassium addition allows increasing the basicity of the catalyst. Based on these observations, the catalytic performances of rare-earth based oxides, which possess stronger acidity and basicity, have been measured. These materials exhibit significantly higher activity than K2WO4/Al2O3 catalyst, with similar MeSH selectivity
Guillon, Morvan. "Développement de matériaux pour le couplage de la valorisation de CO2 avec l'électrolyse haute température (HTE) pour la production d'éthylène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF026.
Повний текст джерелаEthylene production is a major energy challenge for the 21st century. The oxidative coupling of methane reaction enables ethylene to be produced from methane and oxygen. This reaction is therefore of particular interest as it enables ethylene production without dependence on petroleum feedstocks, which are mainly used for ethylene production. The aim of this study is to develop a material for insertion in the anode of a high-temperature electrolyzer to produce decarbonated ethylene from CO2. After a reduction step at the cathode of the same electrolyzer, methane can be produced using power-to-methane technology. Methane is injected at the anode of the electrolyzer to carry out the oxidative coupling of methane reaction. The materials developed in this work must therefore meet the characteristics associated with a good anode and act as a catalyst for the oxidative coupling of methane reaction. Mixed oxides were synthesized and characterized. The activity of the catalysts was evaluated on a laboratory scale, varying the operating parameters to determine the optimum conditions for delivering the best ethylene yield
Najjar, Hend. "Les oxydes type-pérovskite La1-xMxMn1-yM’yO3+δ (M : Pr ; Eu ou M’ : Al, (0≤x,y≤1) ) : synthèse par combustion et études des propriétés physico-chimiques et catalytiques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10058/document.
Повний текст джерелаCombustion synthesis is a simple and safe-time process. It is based on redox reaction between fuel ( glycine) and oxidant agent (nitrates). A series of nanocristalline powders LaMnO3+δ were successfully obtained by varying glycine/nitrate ratio (r) from 0.43 to 0.8. The obtained specific areas range in 18-37 m²/g. Different desorbed oxygen species from these solids were identified: those weakly adsorbed to the surface (α1-O2) and those diffusing from the bulk (α2-O2 and β-O2 ). The desorption of α2-O2 and β-O2 causes respectively the reduction of Mn4+ to Mn3+ and Mn3+ to Mn2+. The use of fuel rich precursor enhances the specific surface area, the reducibility of manganese and the mobility of desorbed oxygen. This criterion allows interesting catalytic properties in CH4 deep oxidation. The LM0,53 catalyst obtained in stoichiometric conditions exhibits the best thermal stability.The combustion synthesis is also useful to obtain LaMn1-yAlyO3+δ oxides in a large range of Al content (0≤y≤ 1). The Al-substitution for Mn improves α2-O2 mobility. The best catalyst is obtained for the optimal fraction y=0.1 of Al due to their higher surface areas and superficial Mn concentration. A series of substituted lanthanum manganite in the A sublattice of the perovskite-type structure La1-xLnxMnO3+δ (Ln : Pr ;Eu, 0≤x≤1) were obtained by combustion synthesis. The α2-O2 mobility was improved by this substitution. A fraction of 20% was found to be optimum for catalytic activity in deep oxidation of methane
Rua, Gonzalez Diego. "Synthèse de matériaux catalytiques de type oxydes mixtes pour la production de méthanol par la précipitation en flux continu en système microfluidique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF001.
Повний текст джерелаGlobal warming is a concern for the current and future generations due to the increasing greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere, mainly due to the dependence on fossil fuels. The use of alternative fuels such as sustainable methanol produced from renewable H2 and from CO2 would contribute to reduce the GHG emissions and the effects of climate change. The synthesis of methanol using CO2 rich feedstock is preferentially done by using a solid catalyst composed of CuO, ZnO and ZrO2. This type of catalyst can be produced by coprecipitation of the metal species using a microfluidic device, with advantages that have been demonstrated over catalysts synthesized by batch coprecipitation. In this work, different catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol were synthesized using the microfluidic technique under different conditions, in order to explore different synthesis parameters that could lead to the development of more active catalysts. The differences in the properties and activity between a catalyst synthesized by the microfluidic method and another synthesized by the batch method were investigated, followed by an exploration of the effects of the aging time and the coprecipitation temperature on the catalysts. Lastly, the effect of different compositions of catalysts on the properties and activity were determined, by investigating different CuO contents, the use of CeO2 as a catalyst promoter, and the use of In2O3 as a catalyst promoter and as active metal
Chopin, Stéphanie. "Chimie du dianion C60 2- : accès à de nouveaux dérivés fonctionnels du fullerène C60 : application à la synthèse de dyades et triades, et études de leurs propriétés." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3191.
Повний текст джерела- des dihydrofullerènes C60(CH2CO2R)2 (R = Me, Et). Des cellules photovoltaïques à base de ces dérivés et de MEH-PPV en réseaux interpénétrés montrent de bonnes performances, assez proches de celles obtenues lorsque l'accepteur est le PCBM ;
- des dihydrofullerènes fonctionnels dissymétriques C60RR'. Les synthèses correspondantes reposent sur l'exploitation, jusqu'alors non réalisée dans ce but, du mécanisme réactionnel (Kadish-Fukuzumi) de la réaction entre C602- et divers dérivés halogénés ;
- un fullerène diol, issu de dérivés du pentaérythritol. Les bons rendements obtenus pour cette synthèse font de ce fullerène diol un nouveau synthon de choix en chimie du fullerène C60.
A partir de ce fullerène diol, de nouvelles dyades et triades ont été obtenues, l'entité électro-donneur étant le motif tétrathiafulvalène ou l'anion perchlorotriphénylméthyle. Les propriétés physico-chimiques de ces assemblages covalents donneur-accepteur ont été étudiées (spectroscopies UV-Vis, fluorescence, RPE ; électrochimie ; photophysique).
New functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives have been synthesized starting from C602- anion, following the procedure previously developed in our Laboratory :
- dihydrofullerenes C60(CH2CO2R)2 (R = Me, Et). Solar cells have been built using a mixture of these compounds and MEH-PPV in interpenetrating network and they exhibit good photovoltaic characteristics, which are close to those obtained when the acceptor is PCBM ;
- functionalized dissymmetric dihydrofullerenes C60RR'. The corresponding syntheses lie upon a new interpretation of the Kadish-Fukuzumi mechanism, so far unexplored in this way, associated with the reaction between C602- and various halogeno derivatives ;
- a fullerene diol, issued from pentaerythritol derivatives. Thanks to good yields observed in this synthesis, this fullerene diol appears to be a new promising building block in fullerene chemistry.
Starting from the latter diol, new C60-based dyads and triads have been obtained, the electron donor moiety being the tetrathiafulvalene core or the perchlorotriphenylmethyl anion. The physico-chemical properties of these donor-acceptor covalent assemblies have been studied (UV-Vis, fluorescence, ESR spectroscopic methods ; electrochemistry ; photophysics).
Al, Kazzaz Marwan. "Pyrolyse du chlorure de méthyle induite par le chlore : une nouvelle voie de valorisation du méthane." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL024N.
Повний текст джерелаMbodji, Mamadou. "Conception et dimensionnement de réacteurs-échangeurs microstructurés pour la production de gaz de synthèse par vaporeformage du méthane." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0256/document.
Повний текст джерелаSteam Methane Reforming (SMR) of natural gas is characterized by generation of an excess of steam and their low thermal efficiency resulting in a very large device with important heat losses. One of the possible keys to make this process more profitable is to optimize heat transfer by changing the reactor design. A microstructured heat exchanger reactor has been retained. It enables to have fast heat and mass transfers and therefore allow increasing catalytic activity. However, this change in production technology must be accompanied by the development of highly active catalysts (MgAl2O4) that enable to reach high methane conversion (80%, 20 bar, 850°C) at low residence time (150 ms). The concept feasibility and catalysts performance have been validated on one channel in industrial process conditions. Then, a detailed model for acquisition of reaction kinetics has been developed and validated from experimental catalytic tests. For heat exchanger reactor design, two modeling approaches have been developed: by considering that the catalyst is highly active and enables to reach instantaneous equilibrium conversion on the coated catalytic walls of the reactor and by tacking the measured kinetics. Simulation of these models by considering technical constraints on the design enabled to find channel characteristic dimensions, heat power needed and the optimum number of channel which determine the heat exchanger reactor volume. Two fast methods for preliminary design of heat-exchanger reactors have been developed. By using heat exchanger reactor, it is possible to suppress steam excess generation and to reduce syngas production cost
Salomon, Christine. "Nouvelle synthèse stéréosélective de diphosphines à pont méthano P-stéréogéniques : applications en catalyse asymétrique et pour la préparation de clusters ou de polymères de coordination chiraux." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS010/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe were interested in asymmetric synthesis of P-stereogenic methano bridged ligands and in their applications in asymmetric catalysis, coordination chemistry and in the preparation of coordination polymers of transition metals. P-stereogenic diphosphines were obtained highly stereoselectively by creation of a phosphorus-carbon bond on the methano bridge, starting from the anion formed in α position of methylphosphine borane. Several strategies were investigated, with the electrophiles varying from oxazaphospholidine borane complex, phosphinite borane, to chlorophosphine borane. The most stereoselective synthesis was obtained using chlorophosphine borane leading enantiomeric excesses up to 99%. Various methano bridge diphosphine diboranes, dissymmetric or C2-symmetric, bearing alkyl or aryl substituants (Me, OMe, Ph, o-An...), have been synthetised. The first chiral palladium clusters was prepared by reaction of the freshly decomplexed diphosphine with palladium acetate and trifluorocetic acid in water/acetone mixture under CO pressure. The palladium trimetallic center structure of the cluster was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Electrochemical properties and EPR analysis pointed out the formation of the first radical in highly structurated chiral environment. Preliminary studies of the chiral clusters in asymmetric Friedel Craft reaction were carried out, but lead to the product in a non-catalytic way and with no significant optical activity. The prepared chiral ligands were tested in asymmetric catalyzed hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, allylation and Diels Alder reaction using rhodium, palladium and silver derived catalysts and afforded low selectivities from 30 to 38% e.e. Nevertheless, the stereoselective syntheses of the diphosphine ligands elaborated in this work allow to pursue the optimisation of asymmetric catalysis by structural modifications. In the last chapter, P-stereogenic methano bridge diphosphines were used for the preparation of a new class of chiral coordination polymers derived from copper and silver. Photophysical studies and circular dichroism confirmed the 1-D structure and the optical properties of such polymers
Gueritey, Nicolas. "Valorisation chimique du méthane par oxydation catalytique sélective." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL034N.
Повний текст джерелаMarvilliers, Sandrine. "Synthèses, caractérisations et études du comportement en oxydation de complexes dinucléaires fer-oxo et manganèse-oxo d'intérêt biologique." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112302.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Saint Jean Myriam. "Étude énergétique et évaluation économique d'une boucle de stockage - déstockage d'énergie électrique d'origine renouvelable sur méthane de synthèse à l'aide d'un convertisseur électrochimique réversible SOEC - SOFC." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0051/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work focuses on a Power-to-SNG process, especially on its energy efficiency and its economic competitiveness in the current context. It also aims at determining if the reversibility with a Gas-to-Power working mode is interesting from energy and financial considerations. The main steps required into a Power-to-SNG process, identified thanks to a review of the state of the art, are steam electrolysis for hydrogen production, followed by methane production thanks to the Sabatier reaction and a final step of gas purification to meet the composition requirements for gas network injection. Here, electrolysis is led into solid oxide cells. Power-to-SNG process simulations, led with ProsimPlus 3, indicate that the thermal coupling between methanation and the generation of steam to feed the electrolyzer is pertinent, the process energy efficiency achieving 75.8%. Concerning the Gas-to-Power process, its solid oxide fuel cell is pressurized to use additional thermodynamic cycles. The fuel cell is fed with pure hydrogen stream due to reversibility considerations, this limiting the energy efficiency, which highest value here is evaluated at 44.6%. The economic analysis includes experimental based data concerning electrochemical performances and degradation. They are obtained on a commercial cell tested at the thermoneutral voltage with a high steam conversion rate, these conditions being close to what can be expected for industrial process. They are used to calculate the levelized cost of the SNG produced by the Power-to-SNG process and the levelized cost of electricity produced by the reverse process. Investment and operating cost of these processes are important, leading to a high levelized cost of electricity. In the conditions of this study, adding the Gas-to-Power working mode to a Power-to-SNG process is not economically pertinent
Li, Chen. "CH bond activation of methane and unsaturated molecules by a transient eta2-cyclopropene complex of niobium : synthesis, characterization and mechanistic studies." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0029/document.
Повний текст джерелаChapter 1 reports a literature summary of the different ways of cleaving a hydrocarbon C-H bond, mostparticularly methane, with both early and late transition metal complexes. For early transition metals ourattention is focused on three mechanisms: i) the σ-bond metathesis, ii) the α-H abstraction/1,2-CH bond addition and iii) the β-H abstraction/1,3-CH bond addition.Chapter 2 challenges the problem of the activation of a CH bond of methane by a transient η2-cyclopropene complex of niobium. High pressure solution NMR, isotopic labelling studies and kinetic analyses of the degenerate exchange of methane in the methyl complex [TpMe2NbCH3(c-C3H5)(MeCCMe)] (1) are reported. Stoichiometric methane activation by the mesitylene complex [TpMe2Nb(CH2-3,5-C6H3Me2)(c-C3H5)(MeCCMe)] (2) giving 1 is also realized. Evidence is provided that these reactions proceed via an intramolecular abstraction of a β-H of the cyclopropyl group from either methane or mesitylene from 1 or 2, respectively, yielding the transient unsaturated η2-cyclopropene intermediate [TpMe2Nb(η2-c-C3H4)(MeCCMe)] (A). This is followed by itsmechanistic reverse 1,3-CH bond addition of methane yielding the product.Chapter 3 explores the reactivity of complex 1 towards heteroaromatics, unsaturated hydrocarbons, pentafluorobenzene and ferrocene (FcH) via the β-H abstraction/1,3-CH bond activation mechanism. Compound 1 is able to selectively activate the C-H bond of furan, thiophene, 1-cyclopentene, phenylacetylene, pentafluorobenzene and ferrocene, yielding the corresponding products [TpMe2NbX(c-C3H5)(MeCCMe)] (X = 2-C4H3O, 2-C4H3S, 1-C5H7, PhC≡C C6F5, Fc) which have been isolated and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, electrochemical studies and X-ray diffraction analysis
Dussault, Laurent. "Etude physico-chimique d'oxydes mixtes issus d'hydroxydes doubles lamellaires. : Application à la synthèse de nanofilaments de carbone." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421914.
Повний текст джерелаLa première partie du mémoire concerne l'étude d'une série d'oxydes à base de nickel, cuivre, magnésium et aluminium, obtenus par calcination des HDL précurseurs à 450°C. La caractérisation structurale et l'étude de l'acido-basicité des oxydes mixtes en fonction de leur composition ont été réalisées. Elles s'appuient sur l'utilisation complémentaire de différentes méthodes analytiques physico-chimiques donnant accès à des informations concernant à la fois la structure, la composition et la morphologie des cristaux obtenus(DRX, ATG, analyse chimique, SPX...), ou permettant la caractérisation de leurs propriétés acido-basiques (adsorption de molécules sondes suivie par microcalorimétrie et SPX).
La seconde partie du travail est consacrée à l'utilisation des oxydes mixtes obtenus après calcination à 800°C pour la synthèse de nanofilaments de carbone à partir de la décomposition catalytique du méthane. Après une étude détaillée des oxydes mixtes, les nanofilaments produits ont été caractérisés à l'aide de différentes techniques, notamment la microscopie électronique à transmission. Les données physico-chimiques obtenues ont mis en évidence les relations entre les caractéristiques du catalyseur (composition, mode de synthèse, propriétés...) et le type des nanofilaments (tubes, fibres) obtenus.
Liu, Xiu. "Production d'hydrogène par reformage à sec de méthane sur catalyseurs au Ni à base de CeO2, CeO2 modifiée avec Zr ou Al, et nano-matériaux Mg-Al-O." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CLIL0032.
Повний текст джерелаThe demand for hydrogen, as a chemical product and as energy is increasing, but the main hydrogen production methods are unsustainable and not environmentally friendly. Hydrogen production from renewable resources (such as biogas mainly composed of CH4 and CO2) is required. Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising method to produce H2 and CO from greenhouse gases. In this thesis, Ni-based CeNiXOY, CeZr0.5NiXOY, CeAl0.5NiXOY, and AlMg2NiXOY catalysts are studied in dry reforming of methane reaction. The effect of reaction temperature, Ni content, in situ H2 pretreatment, mass of catalyst, calcination, and CO2/CH4 ratio are studied. Moreover, long duration stability tests are reported on some chosen samples. The optimized catalytic performance associated with resistance to carbon formation is obtained on partially reduced catalysts. Various physicochemical characterizations are used to analyze the properties of the catalysts, such as XRD, Raman, XPS, and H2-TPR. Some chosen catalysts are also characterized after DRM reaction to analyze their evolution. Finally, an active site involving Ni species in close interactions with other cations is proposed. It is related to a partially reduced catalyst involving anionic vacancies, O2- species, and cations
Quezada, Maxwell Josias. "Hydrogénation catalytique de CO₂ en méthanol en lit fixe sous chauffage conventionnel et sous plasma à DBD ZSM-5 surface modification by plasma for catalytic activity improvement in the gas phase methanol-to-dimethylether reaction." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMIR12.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to contribute to the optimisation of the production of methanol by hydrogenation of CO₂ by synthesising new catalysts in the form of extrudates for industrial use. In this regard, six Cu-ZnO based catalysts supported on alumina and ZSM-5 were prepared and tested. At 36 bar and under conventional heating, the CuZnO/Al₂O₃ showed the best methanol yield. An industrial process based on this catalyst has been proposed and optimised. The influence of extracting water and methanol from the reaction medium using two reactors in series instead of one was investigated and it was found to increase methanol yield considerably. Tests at atmospheric pressure and under DBD plasma showed that the Cu/Al₂O₃ gives better CO₂ conversions, while the CuZnO/ZSM-5 showed better methanol yields. This was attributed to the ionic conductivity and the dielectric constant of the catalysts
Hadj, Ali Kamal. "Etude cinétique de l'oxydation et de l'auto-inflammation en milieu gazeux homogène pauvre et ultra pauvre de carburants de substitution issus de la biomasse." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498160.
Повний текст джерелаBidois, Séry Laure. "Nouvelle méthode d'accès aux composés aromatiques fluorés. Alkylations et aldolisations d'énolates préparés à partir d'énoxysilanes." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES029.
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