Дисертації: "Metcer"

1

Largiller, Grégory. "Maîtrise du frittage de matériaux céramique-métal à gradients de composition et de structure." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0160.

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Les matériaux à gradient de composition et de structure permettent d'associer des propriétés complémentaires dans une pièce donnée. Les cermets (matériaux composite céramique métal) développés par Rio Tinto Alcan seront potentiellement utilisés en tant qu'anodes inertes pour l'électrolyse de l'aluminium. Pour connecter cette pièce à matrice céramique au réseau électrique, ce matériau doit être associé avec un matériau conducteur électrique en une seule opération de frittage. En associant les connaissances issues de la métallurgie des poudres avec une analyse microstructurale, des calculs thermodynamiques et des considérations mécaniques, une gamme de matériaux appelés metcer (composite métal céramique) a été développée. Selon la proportion et composition de la phase métallique initiale de ces metcers, ils peuvent être cofrittés en une seule opération avec un cermet. Nous avons montré que la proportion de phase métallique influençait fortement la tenue mécanique de l'ensemble pendant le frittage ; que la composition des phases oxydes et métalliques permettait de maîtriser les phénomènes de diffusion entre les parties cofrittées pour construire une interface graduelle. Des lois phénoménologiques basées sur la mécanique des milieux continus ont été développées pour modéliser le frittage d'un cermet et d'un metcer. Ces lois ont été introduites dans un logiciel de calcul par éléments finis pour simuler le frittage d'assemblages bicouches et identifier les éventuels points de fragilité de différentes géométries. En comparant ces résultats de simulation numérique à des observations optiques in situ sur des pièces centimétriques, nous avons montré que l'amorçage de fissures proche de l'interface a lieu lorsque les contraintes sont élevées. A basse température, de faibles écarts de déformations entre les couches suffisent à amorcer des fissures lorsque les viscosités des matériaux sont grandes et qu'ils ont un comportement fragile. A haute température, lorsque les écarts de déformation sont grands et les viscosités faibles, les contraintes entre les couches sont relaxées. En utilisant les connaissances acquises à la fois sur la chimie et la mécanique du système, une pièce centimétrique tricouche à gradient exempt de fissure a été réalisée
Graded materials are used to gather complementary physical and/or chemical properties into a single part. Cermet material (ceramic metal composite) developed by Rio Tinto Alcan may be used as inert anode for aluminium electrolysis. To connect these ceramic matrix materials to the current network, we propose to associate them with a conductive material in a single sintering step. Using our knowledge on powder metallurgy with microstructure analysis, thermodynamical and mechanical calculations, a new range of material called metcer (metal ceramic composite) has been developed. According to their metal phase proportion and composition, the metcer materials can be cosintered with cermets in a single sintering step. By modifying the metal phase proportion, we enabled the parts to keep joined during the whole sintering thermal cycle. The composition of oxides and metal phases change the diffusion phenomena and enable one to build a graded interface between the layers. Based on continuum mechanics, constitutive equations have been used to simulate the sintering of a cermet and a metcer. Constitutive equations have been implemented into a finite element software to identify the weak regions of bilayers parts of complex geometry. We compared numerical simulation results with optical observations made during sintering on large scale bilayers. Cracks near the interface occur at low temperature when the strain mismatch between the layers is low and the viscosities of the layers are high. Thus, the materials have a fragile behaviour. At high temperature, when the viscosities are low and the strain mismatch is high, the stresses in the vicinity of the interface are released. Combining our knowledge on the chemistry and interactions between these materials, we developed a trilayer material. This material showed up a graded interface without any crack

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2

Justensen, Jared C. "The Effects of Meter Orientation Downstream of a Short Radius Elbow on Electromagnetic Flow Meters." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4875.

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Electromagnetic flowmeters (known as magnetic flow meters) are a widely used type of flowmeter. The accuracy of magnetic flow meters are a function of several factors, not the least of which is the flow condition inside the pipe. It has been shown that disturbances in the velocity profile affects the accuracy of a magnetic flow meter (Luntta, 1998). Accordingly, manufacturers of magnetic flow meters give installation guidelines. These guidelines help prevent the user from installing the meter in a pipe configuration that is likely to cause the meter to produce inaccurate results. Although most manufacturers provide recommendations about the amount of straight pipe that is necessary upstream of the meter, little is said about the orientation of the meter in relation to upstream disturbances. This study examines the performance of magnetic flow meters when positioned at two different orientations: EIP (electrodes in plane with an upstream 90-degree short radius elbow) and EOP (electrodes out of plane). Four different meters were included in the study in which a baseline straight pipe test was first performed using over fifty diameters of straight pipe upstream of each meter. The straight pipe test was used to determine the baseline accuracy of each of the meters over a velocity range that is typical for the size and function of the meters. Meters were then installed at five different locations downstream from a 90-degree short-radius elbow. At each location the meters were tested in two orientations at five different flow rates. The intent of the research is to show that the orientation of a magnetic flow meter affects the meter’s ability to produce accurate flow readings when it is installed downstream of a flow disturbance. The results from this research showed a significant shift in measurement accuracy when the meter was in EIP and EOP orientations. All of the meters in the study produced accuracy readings at one point of another that were outside the specified accuracy from the meter manufacturer. Interestingly, the meters that had a larger manufacturer specified accuracy produced smaller shifts in accuracy when comparing the test results under EIP and EOP conditions. The results of the research are given in the section entitled “Results and Discussion” as well as in the Appendix A.

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3

Temperley, Neil Colin Mechanical &amp Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Optimisation of an Ultrasonic Flow Meter Based on Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow and Ultrasound Propagation." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22044.

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This thesis presents a procedure to optimise the shape of a coaxial transducer ultrasonic flow meter. The technique uses separate numerical simulations of the fluid flow and the ultrasound propagation within a meter duct. A new flow meter geometry has been developed, having a significantly improved (smooth and monotonic) calibration curve. In this work the complex fluid flow field and its influence on the propagation of ultrasound in a cylindrical flow meter duct is investigated. A geometric acoustics (ray tracing) propagation model is applied to a flow field calculated by a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package. The simulation results are compared to measured calibration curves for a variety of meter geometries having varying lengths and duct diameters. The modelling shows reasonable agreement to the calibration characteristics for several meter geometries over a Reynolds number range of 100...100000 (based on bulk velocity and meter duct diameter). Various CFD simulations are validated against flow visualisation measurements, Laser Doppler Velocimetry measurements or published results. The thesis includes software to calculate the acoustic ray propagation and also to calculate the optimal shape for the annular gap around the transducer housings in order to achieve desired flow acceleration. A dimensionless number is proposed to characterise the mean deflection of an acoustic beam due to interaction with a fluid flow profile (or acoustic velocity gradient). For flow in a cylindrical duct, the 'acoustic beam deflection number' is defined as M g* (L/D)^2, where: M is the Mach Number of the bulk velocity; g* is the average non-dimensionalised velocity gradient insonified by the acoustic beam (g* is a function of transducer diameter - typically g* = 0.5...4.5); L is the transducer separation; and D is the duct diameter. Large values of this number indicate considerable beam deflection that may lead to undesirable wall reflections and diffraction effects. For a single path coaxial transducer ultrasonic flow meter, there are practical limits to the length of a flow meter and to the maximum size of a transducer for a given duct diameter. The 'acoustic beam deflection number' characterises the effect of these parameters.

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4

Řezáč, Martin. "Uroflow meter." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217182.

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The aim of this thesis is to design and describe a device for medical measurement of flow of urine.This work is divided in several parts. In the first part the problem is analysed and the first version of the devices is designed. In second part the final solution and build of the prototype is described. In the next part the manufacture and testing of the first series is outlined.

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5

Vedapuri, Damodaran. "Design of a clamp-on ultrasonic flow meter for wet gas pipelines." Ohio : Ohio University, 2001. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178910814.

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6

Metayer, Myriam Vernois Solange Pigozzi Marinella. "La construction de l'histoire de l'art du XXè siècle analyse et étude comparative d'ouvrages français et italiens publiés entre 1945 et 1977 /." [Poitiers] : [I-médias], 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Metayer-Myriam/2009-Metayer-Myriam-These.pdf.

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Reproduction de : Thèse doctorat : Histoire de l'Art : Poitiers : 2009. Reproduction de : Thèse doctorat : Histoire de l'Art : Universita di Bologna : 2009.
Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran titre. Bibliogr. p. 509-539. Notes bibliogr. Index.

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7

Chang, Shuai, Andy Gee, Benjamin Ramos, Kyle Province, Dan Harcourt, and Matthew Hendrick. "Smart Grid Impedance Meter." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297527.

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Texas Instruments has been developing Power Line Communication (PLC) technology to provide a form of communication for worldwide applications. By utilizing power grids within an infrastructure, it is possible to transmit a signal through the existing power lines such as a network would. Transmission of data within the electrical grid proves to be inherently noisy, thus compromising any information that is sent over the network. In order to provide a reliable platform of communication, frequency and impedance variation needs to be analyzed in order to provide proper development into PLC solutions. Within the scope of this project an analytical tool was developed to provide engineers with a method to determine impedance and frequency variations. Analysis and testing has been conducted to ensure the device satisfies the design requirements.

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8

Xie, Kaicheng. "Automatic Utility Meter Reading." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1270587412.

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9

BROSSET, MARIE-CHRISTINE. "Parents-soignants : un metier difficile." Angers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ANGE1068.

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10

Lopes, Paulo Henrique de Oliveira. "Ponto de venda de energia eletrica com cartão indutivo pre-pago." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260080.

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Orientador: Jose Antonio Siqueira Dias
Acompanha 1 CD-R
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: O aumento da poluição nos grandes centros urbanos tem levado a uma busca incessante de soluções tecnológicas para a substituição dos veículos com motor a combustão por outra fonte de energia, sendo que os veículos elétricos têm se apresentado como uma das alternativas mais promissoras para um futuro próximo. Entretanto, um dos problemas a resolver na utilização de veículos puramente elétricos é o abastecimento (recarga das baterias) nas ruas. Neste trabalho é apresentado o projeto, desenvolvimento e implementação de um protótipo de um ponto de fornecimento de energia elétrica pré-paga usando cartões indutivos. O protótipo desenvolvido operou dentro das especificações e normas aplicáveis ao setor de medida de energia elétrica. Outras aplicações para este equipamento estão sendo estudadas, como por exemplo na venda de energia elétrica para residências de baixa renda.
Abstract: The increasing in pollution caused by combustion engines in large cities has motivated the search for new technologies to replace these engines, and the electrical vehicle is a promissing alternative in the near future. However, one of the problems that remains to be solved is charging these vehicles in the streets. This works presents the design, development and implementation of a pre-paid point of sale of electrical energy equipment which uses inductive cards. The developed prototype meets the specifications and rules of the Brazilian electrical sector for the energy meters. Other applications for this pre-paid energy meter are being considered, as, for example, in selling pre-paid energy to low.
Mestrado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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11

Atia, Mamdouh. "Improved Coriolis mass-flow meter." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393579.

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12

Hay, Simon. "A model personal energy meter." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/240612.

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Every day each of us consumes a significant amount of energy, both directly through transport, heating and use of appliances, and indirectly from our needs for the production of food, manufacture of goods and provision of services. This dissertation investigates a personal energy meter which can record and apportion an individual's energy usage in order to supply baseline information and incentives for reducing our environmental impact. If the energy costs of large shared resources are split evenly without regard for individual consumption each person minimises his own losses by taking advantage of others. Context awareness offers the potential to change this balance and apportion energy costs to those who cause them to be incurred. This dissertation explores how sensor systems installed in many buildings today can be used to apportion energy consumption between users, including an evaluation of a range of strategies in a case study and elaboration of the overriding principles that are generally applicable. It also shows how second-order estimators combined with location data can provide a proxy for fine-grained sensing. A key ingredient for apportionment mechanisms is data on energy usage. This may come from metering devices or buildings directly, or from profiling devices and using secondary indicators to infer their power state. A mechanism for profiling devices to determine the energy costs of specific activities, particularly applicable to shared programmable devices is presented which can make this process simpler and more accurate. By combining crowdsourced building-inventory information and a simple building energy model it is possible to estimate an individual's energy use disaggregated by device class with very little directsensing. Contextual information provides crucial cues for apportioning the use and energy costs of resources, and one of the most valuable sources from which to infer context is location. A key ingredient for a personal energy meter is a low cost, low infrastructure location system that can be deployed on a truly global scale. This dissertation presents a description and evaluation of the new concept of inquiry-free Bluetooth tracking that has the potential to offer indoor location information with significantly less infrastructure and calibration than other systems. Finally, a suitable architecture for a personal energy meter on a global scale is demonstrated using a mobile phone application to aggregate energy feeds based on the case studies and technologies developed.

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13

Shields, Devan J. "Revenue Recovery Through Meter Replacement." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1111.

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Previous studies have identified water meter inaccuracy at low flow rates as a significant source of non-revenue flow for water systems; however a lack of available data makes it difficult to include low flow accuracy degradation in meter replacement plans. This thesis examines results from an extensive accuracy test program carried out at the Utah Water Research Laboratory on small water meters over a wide range of flow rates and at various levels of throughput. The study compares expected apparent losses of different types of water meters based on a flow profile and expected daily use for the State of California. By including an average composite charging rate, use of the method developed in this study can determine the meter replacement payback period for different meter types. The analysis contained in this document is intended as a guide to assist utility managers when developing meter replacement plans.

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14

Camapum, Filho Nicanor Alencar. "Avaliação de medidores com múltiplas tomadas de pressão na macromedição em sistemas de água /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98100.

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Orientador: Milton Dall'Aglio Sobrinho
Banca: Fernando Braz Tangerino Hernandez
Banca: Paulo Kroeff de Souza
Resumo: Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar os medidores de vazão com uma ou múltiplas tomadas de pressão em sistemas de água. Esses medidores de vazão são de fácil construção, utilizando materiais de baixo custo, podem ser instalados em locais que apresentem perfis de velocidades axialmente assimétricos em decorrência da existência de singularidades e/ou incrustações internas. Este estudo também foi idealizado para auxiliar os programas de redução de perdas físicas de água, uma vez que existe uma demanda reprimida na instalação de medidores de vazão em redes públicas de abastecimento. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em escala real nas instalações da ETA de Presidente Prudente-SP que abastece a zona de distribuição denominada de Alto ETA. Como padrão de medição foi utilizado um tubo de Pitot do tipo Cole, calibrado em túnel de vento pelo IPT. Além da aferição em diversos perfis de velocidade, medidores de múltiplos furos foram instalados em vários locais da rede, o que proporcionou uma verificação do comportamento do medidor em relação à variação do tipo de materiais e diâmetros das redes de abastecimento e uma avaliação geral do seu emprego em condições reais de uso em sistemas de abastecimento público. Os resultados demonstram que o medidor multifuros foi menos sensível à variação do perfil de velocidades, ou seja, a utilização da curva de calibragem obtida em condições ideais numa situação de perfil assimétrico levou a erros de medição menores que os obtidos com medidor de tomada única. A possibilidade de contar com um medidor de vazão adequado às condições brasileiras, de baixo custo e facilidade de construção, abre perspectivas para alavancar os programas de redução de perdas físicas de água, uma vez que existe uma grande demanda reprimida na instalação de medidores de vazão em redes de abastecimento público.
Abstract: This work had the objective of evaluating the flow meters with one or multiple orifices in water supply systems. Those flow meters are of easy construction, using inexpensive materials, and can be installed in places that present asymmetric velocity profiles as a consequence the existence of singularities and internal incrustations. This study was also conceived to aid the programs of reduction of physical losses of water, since a repressed demand for flow meters exists in water distribution systems. The work was developed in real scale in the Water Treatment Station - ETA of Presidente Prudente city-SP, that provisions the zone of distribution denominated High ETA. The measurement standard was a Pitot-Cole meter calibrated in wind tunnel by IPT. Besides calibration in several velocity profiles, meters of multiple orifices were installed at several places of the net, that provided a verification of the behavior of the meter related to the variation of the type of material and diameters of water distribution systems and a general evaluation of its employment in real conditions of use in public supply systems. The results demonstrate that the multi-port meter was less sensitive to the variation of the velocity profiles, in other words, the use of the calibration curve obtained in ideal conditions in a situation of asymmetric velocity profiles, led to smaller measurement errors than that obtained with a meter of only one orifice. The possibility to count on a flow meter adequate to the Brazilian conditions, inexpensive and easily constructed, opens perspectives for support the programs of reduction of physical losses of water, since there is a great unsatisfied demand for flow meters in water public supply systems.
Mestre

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15

Aberkan, Niama. ""200 meter, varav 50 meter i ryggläge" : – En studie om utvalda skolors simkunnighet i årskurs 6." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3284.

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Syfte Mitt övergripande syfte med uppsatsen är att jämföra hur simkunnigheten ser ut i årskurs 6 utifrån hur lärarna arbetar med simundervisning i två olika skolor. Frågeställningar – Hur organiserar och arbetar idrottslärarna med simning i skolan? – Hur ser simkunnigheten ut bland elever i årskurs 6? Metod En kvalitativ och en kvantitativ metod i form av enkäter och intervjuer har använts för att få frågeställningarna besvarade. De som deltog i enkätundersökningen var elever i årskurs 6 från en skola i Stockholmsstad och en annan skola på Lidingöstad. Eleverna fick besvara frågor om hur deras simkunnighet ser ut idag och vart de lärt sig simma. De som intervjuades var tre lärare i idrott och hälsa, en från skolan på Lidingö stad och två från skolan i Stockholms stad. Frågor som besvarades handlade om hur de bearbetar och organiserade simning i sin skola. Resultat Intervjuresultatet från lärarna visar att båda skolorna har samma upplägg. Eleverna får lära sig simma i lågstadiet och sedan, när de blir äldre och ska få betyg, har skolorna simtest, vilket innebär att eleverna får simma 200 meter varav 50 meter i ryggläge. Klarar eleverna testet får de godkänt i simmomentet. Simtestet visar att 78 % och 73 % av eleverna i skolorna får godkänt i simtestet. 7% och 12 % av eleverna klarar inte simtestet och får då betyget F i idrott och hälsa. 15 % av eleverna i vardera skola är frånvarande under simtestet. Vidare anser lärarna att det i första hand är föräldrarnas ansvar att lära barnen simma men i och med att det finns som ett kunskapskrav i läroplanen så är det nu också lärarnas ansvar. Slutsats Resultatet visar att båda skolorna arbetar likartat och har samma problem, vilket är att få tillgång till simhallen. Detta kan kopplas till ramfaktorsteorin som säger att om det finns ett krav i läroplanen ska det finnas möjlighet till att uppfylla kraven, som i detta fall tillgång till simhallar. Utifrån transformeringsarenan i läroplansteorin kan läroplanen tolkas olika av lärarna. Även här diskuteras hur man ska tolka simningskravet. Kan man simma 150 meter hundsim och 50 meter flytandes på rygg med bensprattel?

Studiegång Idrott, fritidskultur och hälsa skolår 7-9 och gymnasieskolan. Ht 2012

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16

Hardman, Kristi Dawn. "Hearing meter from different angles : interactive vocal meter and hypermeter in selected songs and their covers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57460.

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A vocal melody is a setting of poetry to musical rhythms and pitches. The poetry and the musical melody have distinct accentuation patterns, yet as musicians we too often only analyse the musical events of a vocal melody in order to determine its rhythmic structure and meter, while ignoring the meter of the poetic text. This thesis examines how the meter of the poetic text interacts with the meter of the musical melody to inform our overall perception of the vocal melody’s meter. Through comparison of popular songs with cover versions that adopt a different meter, it investigates how the same poetic meter interacts with different musical meters, and studies the resulting effects on vocal meter and hypermeter. The methodology can be applied to a wide range of popular music genres, so each chapter examines an original song and cover versions representing different genres. The first chapter establishes the new methodology developed in this thesis. The concepts of poetic meter, melodic meter, and the resulting “interactive vocal meter” are introduced and applied in the analysis of three versions of Hank Williams’s “I’m So Lonesome I Could Cry.” This chapter also explores some novel ways in which we can interpret syncopations and hypermeter. Interactive vocal meter is further explored in chapter 2 through the analysis of two versions of the Beatles’ “I’ll Be Back.” The change in meter, from the 6/8 of the demo to the 4/4 of the single, offers a fascinating opportunity to study the rhetorical and musical impact of subtle changes in accentuation. The complex phrase structure of “I’ll Be Back” also introduces interesting issues and questions regarding our perception of hypermeter. The third chapter focuses on Billie Holiday’s “Strange Fruit.” Holiday’s transformations of the poem’s unusual metric contours provide a vivid demonstration of her uniquely eloquent idiom. The vocal metric interpretation of “Strange Fruit” challenges the view that beats 1 and 3 are always strongly accentuated beats in 4/4 measures. This chapter also explores issues of rhythmic and metric transcription in connection with Lori Burn’s recent study of Tori Amos’s cover of the song.
Arts, Faculty of
Music, School of
Graduate

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17

Camapum, Filho Nicanor Alencar [UNESP]. "Avaliação de medidores com múltiplas tomadas de pressão na macromedição em sistemas de água." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98100.

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PROPG
Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar os medidores de vazão com uma ou múltiplas tomadas de pressão em sistemas de água. Esses medidores de vazão são de fácil construção, utilizando materiais de baixo custo, podem ser instalados em locais que apresentem perfis de velocidades axialmente assimétricos em decorrência da existência de singularidades e/ou incrustações internas. Este estudo também foi idealizado para auxiliar os programas de redução de perdas físicas de água, uma vez que existe uma demanda reprimida na instalação de medidores de vazão em redes públicas de abastecimento. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em escala real nas instalações da ETA de Presidente Prudente-SP que abastece a zona de distribuição denominada de Alto ETA. Como padrão de medição foi utilizado um tubo de Pitot do tipo Cole, calibrado em túnel de vento pelo IPT. Além da aferição em diversos perfis de velocidade, medidores de múltiplos furos foram instalados em vários locais da rede, o que proporcionou uma verificação do comportamento do medidor em relação à variação do tipo de materiais e diâmetros das redes de abastecimento e uma avaliação geral do seu emprego em condições reais de uso em sistemas de abastecimento público. Os resultados demonstram que o medidor multifuros foi menos sensível à variação do perfil de velocidades, ou seja, a utilização da curva de calibragem obtida em condições ideais numa situação de perfil assimétrico levou a erros de medição menores que os obtidos com medidor de tomada única. A possibilidade de contar com um medidor de vazão adequado às condições brasileiras, de baixo custo e facilidade de construção, abre perspectivas para alavancar os programas de redução de perdas físicas de água, uma vez que existe uma grande demanda reprimida na instalação de medidores de vazão em redes de abastecimento público.
This work had the objective of evaluating the flow meters with one or multiple orifices in water supply systems. Those flow meters are of easy construction, using inexpensive materials, and can be installed in places that present asymmetric velocity profiles as a consequence the existence of singularities and internal incrustations. This study was also conceived to aid the programs of reduction of physical losses of water, since a repressed demand for flow meters exists in water distribution systems. The work was developed in real scale in the Water Treatment Station - ETA of Presidente Prudente city-SP, that provisions the zone of distribution denominated High ETA. The measurement standard was a Pitot-Cole meter calibrated in wind tunnel by IPT. Besides calibration in several velocity profiles, meters of multiple orifices were installed at several places of the net, that provided a verification of the behavior of the meter related to the variation of the type of material and diameters of water distribution systems and a general evaluation of its employment in real conditions of use in public supply systems. The results demonstrate that the multi-port meter was less sensitive to the variation of the velocity profiles, in other words, the use of the calibration curve obtained in ideal conditions in a situation of asymmetric velocity profiles, led to smaller measurement errors than that obtained with a meter of only one orifice. The possibility to count on a flow meter adequate to the Brazilian conditions, inexpensive and easily constructed, opens perspectives for support the programs of reduction of physical losses of water, since there is a great unsatisfied demand for flow meters in water public supply systems.

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18

McKillip, James. "A Metis Metier: Transportation in Rupert's Land." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26978.

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This thesis argues that the provision of transportation services represented one of the core economic activities in the area of western Canada known as Rupert's Land, and that during the period from the amalgamation of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and the North West Company (NWC) in 1821 until the arrival of the railroads in the area in the mid-1880s, the Metis played a central role in providing those services. The thesis reviews the nature of transportation arrangements within the fur industry of Rupert's Land and describes Metis participation in those arrangements. Metis involvement in both York Boat work and overland transportation by Red River Cart are discussed in detail, as are the York Boats and Red River Carts themselves. The overall value to the Metis economy of their participation in the provision of transportation services is also estimated.

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19

Bouyssières, Patrice. "La representation sociale du metier, lieu d'expression strategique dans la construction socio-cognitive du projet professionnel. Un exemple : les etudiants et la representation sociale des metiers de l'enseignement." Toulouse 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU20018.

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Dans une perspective psycho-sociale, le premier tome de cette tente de mettre en evidence le caractere autonome de la representation sociale des metiers de l'enseignement en presentant des diverses composantes historiques, sociologiques, psychanalytiques, philosophiques et pedagogiques. Cette premiere partie est egalement consacree a une synthese de travaux a propos du concept de representation sociale et de la construction du projet professionnel. Sur les bases theoriques ainsi definies, les second et troisieme tomes abordent l'etude de la representation de l'enseignement chez les etudiants cnadidats aux concours de l'enseignement primaire et secondaire. Le contenu et la structure de cette representation sont reperes apres analyses multidimensionnelles (afc et chd) des resultats recueillis par questionnaire, et sont interpretes sous l'angle des theories psychosociologiques de l'attribution, de la rationalisation et de l'engagement. Cette interpretation debouche sur une synthese incluant l'outil conceptuel des conduites temporelles "moyens-buts" elabore par l'equipe du cosefd. Elle est suivie de la presentation et de l'analyse des donnees recueillies par entretiens aupres d'un sous-groupe representatif de l'echantillon d'etude
The first part of the thesis attempts to describe the specific social representation of the teaching profession from a psychosocial viewpoint. It presents the historical, sociological, philosophical, psychoanalytical and pedagogical components of the profession. Il also reviews the work done on the concept of social representation and the building of career plans. The second part is a study of the representation and the of the teaching profession by students in competitive exams for primary and secondary school positions. The responses to questionnaires are analyzed multi-dimensionally and used to describe the representation of teaching in terms of content and structure, interpreted via the psychosociological theories of attribution, retionalization and commitment. The interpretations are next brought together in an oveview, including the cosefd temporal " mean - objectives" behaviour model. The paper then presents and analyzes the data gathered during interviews with a representative sub-sample of the group studied

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20

Fong, Sok Wa. "Application of automated meter reading system." Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1445893.

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21

Johnson, William H. "Lost life expectancy rate survey meter." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16408.

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22

Fitzgerald, Colleen M. "The Meter of Tohono O'odham Songs." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311762.

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23

Hammond, Paul A. "A single-chip digital pH meter." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401960.

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24

Delport, Pierre. "Microprocessor controlled communication line level meter." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1104.

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Thesis (Masters Diploma(Technology) - Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1996
ESKOM control a massive power grid in a vast geographical area in the R.S.A.. This power originates at the power stations, from where it is distributed to the users. All the power generated is pumped into a National Power Grid. The backbone of the network consists of the following supply voltages: • 765 kV • 400 kV • 132 kV These voltages are stepped down locally at substations to lower voltages for the customers. Bigger customers (e.g. Municipalities, Mines, etc.) are bulk users and use high voltages. Lower voltages range from 220V up to 66kV. In order to ensure a good service to all power user customers ESKOM must be able to identify power failures and other abnormal conditions as quickly as possible and react fast to restore power again. When supervising a power grid good communication systems are essential. Communications systems serve as links between the following functional systems: • Contacting personnel with radio (Mobile or Handheld) • Contacting personnel \\ith pagers (Digital or Analogue) • Receiving up to date information on the SCADA network • Protection on power lines and transformers (Fault conditions) Without good telecommunication ESKOM will not be able to control the national grid efficiently. The Telecommunication Department fulfil a vital role ensuring that the National Grid functions at its optimum. It is normally impossible to do an accurate measurement of the power level in dBm or dBv on a communication line while an RTU is communicating to the MASTER. This is mainly because the duration of the data burst on the communication line is less than the sample time required by the level meters available. The time duration on a TELKOR PUTU general poll is 250ms. With the available digital meters (e.g. W & G SPM33A) it is totally impossible to get a power level reading because the sampling time of the instrument is I second. With the analogue meters available (e.g. W&G SPM09, SPM31) it is possible to get a reading, but this normally between 2 dBm and 4 dBm Iow, because of the dynamic behaviour of the moving coil. Thus before the pointer of the meter has reached the correct level, the burst of data has stopped This is characterised by three quantities: 1. The inertia (1) of the moving coil about its axis of rotation. 2. The opposing torque (S) developed by the coil suspension 3. The damping constant (D) A solution is to sample the receive and transmit levels during polling with an electronic circuit and feed it into an ADC connected to a Microcontroller (e.g. 8031 family). The Microcontroller will do all the converting and mathematical functions and will output a value through a DAC. This output value will be a current (mA) value directly proportional to the input level (e.g. -20dBm to OdBm = 0 to 5mA). These RX and IX level values can be fed into analogue inputs of the RTU. This realtime measurement of the levels on communication lines will be available at the SCADA master. These values can then be trended and if a downward trend is observed, maintenance can be done on the line before a failure. This should result in higher availability of the SCADA network.

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25

Morovic, Peter Michael. "Metamer sets." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251574.

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26

Shi, Jianan. "Design and Implementation of an Alcohol Meter." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15059.

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With the development of economy, more and more cars appear in the roads. Many drivers ignore thedanger about driving after drinking so that drunk driving causes a large number of traffic accidents allaround the world. By now, alcohol has killed a lot of people in the world. To reduce accidents causedby drunk driving, make certain the alcohol content in driver's body would help a lot, and it is related toalcohol concentration measuring and relevant instrument.In this thesis work, the design of a simple alcohol meter was present. The designed system iscomposed of a gas sensor (TGS-822) working circuit, microcontroller PIC16F690 and LCD display.The system collects the electronic signals caused by resistance changes in gas sensor (TGS-822) froma built-in Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) in microcontroller PIC16F690, programs withPIC16F690, and displays alcohol concentration in LCD display finally. The measuring concentrationrange of the designed alcohol meter is from 50PPM to 5000PPM. This paper describes the datacollection, processing and display of the designed alcohol meter in detail. And lastly, the authordiscussed about the advantages and disadvantages of the designed alcohol meter, it could beconsidered as a guideline for further work.

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27

Zhang, Jianyong. "A study of an electrostatic flow meter." Thesis, Teesside University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521885.

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On-line metering of pulverized materials in pneumatic conveying systems presents many challenging problems especially for lean phase flow conditions due to very complex flow regimes such as non-uniform and unstable solids concentration and velocity profiles. To date, only a few types of meters are used in the industry, although many methods are still being studied. Meters based on passive electrostatic method are among the products commercially available. The sensor studied in this thesis contained circular electrodes, and this work analyses the static and dynamic characteristics of the electrode and the complete sensor. The effects of velocity, particle size and electrode geometry are analysed. Based on certain assumptions, the effects of velocity on the net charge and on the electrode characteristics are separated. The relationship between fluctuations in concentration and the sensor's output is established, which leads to a method of compensation for the effect of velocity on the characteristics of the sensor. The model for measurements of solids concentration and solids mass flow rate is presented and verified experimentally by comparison with the weighed solids. Comparing the model developed by theoretical analysis with that based on experimental results, the influence of velocity on the net charge carried by solids is given. The effects of the sensor characteristics on both auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions are discussed. A method to improve the accuracy of cross correlation velocity measurement is suggested. Prior to the above knowledge, it was not possible to use the meters to control solids distribution or split at pipe junctions. The first experimental split trials were carried out at EMC and the split was calculated from the mass flow rate, which was taken as the feedback variable (PV-process variable) to form a closed-loop control. A PID control algorithm was used for the experiments. The results show both velocity and split can be controlled in a bifurcator system using a simple constricting valve. Although not intended as an industrial solution, it does demonstrate the principle.

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28

Kulesza, Mateusz J. "E-Park: Automated-Ticketing Parking Meter System." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17417570.

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E-Park is an electronic parking meter system which enables real-time ticketing of illegally parked vehicles. The system is a drop-in replacement for existing curb-side parking meters. It consists of lowpower front-end parking meter hardware and a back-end server that handles the information database management. Wireless network communication enables the parking meter to accept electronic payment, enforce parking regulation, and ticket parking violators by capturing an image of the vehicle license plate. The image is sent to the central server where the license plate number is automatically extracted from the image using an Automated License Plate Recognition (ALPR) algorithm. The meter includes a visual feedback system which tells the driver how to optimally position the vehicle relative to the parking meter. This is done in order to ensure that any images captured by the camera contain a good view of the vehicle license plate. The system relies on solar rechargeable batteries so that it may function completely untethered and without the need for human intervention. Field tests of the system proved that the visual driver feedback successfully allowed 5 different drivers to consistently position their vehicles at the correct distance relative to the meter. Testing of the OpenALPR algorithm utilized to automatically extract license plate information from the images showed that the relative angle with which the camera views the license plate can be no larger than 55°. Although this presents some limitations, the proposed parking meter architecture introduces redundancies that successfully circumvent this limitation and can ensure that the system achieves ticketing rates upwards of 90% of vehicles.
Electrical Engineering

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29

Gibson, Bradley Kenneth. "An experimental 2.7 meter liquid mirror telescope." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29030.

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A 2.7-meter Liquid Mirror Telescope (LMT) is currently under construction at the University of British Columbia. The stationary, parabolic primary mirror is formed by uniformly rotating the highly reflective liquid, metallic mercury. Compensation for the lack of mechanical tracking will be accomplished by using the Time Delay and Integrate (TDI) readout technique with our Ford 2048 x 2048 CCD detector. The ability to produce large, diffraction-limited mirrors in the laboratory has been previously demonstrated; this project, the first of its kind, is an investigation into their potential for astronomical survey-work, in a working observatory environment. A set of 40 intermediate-band filters, one filter to be used per "photometric" night, will facilitate the collection of Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) of all objects, to a limiting stellar V[symbol omitted] ~21, in the 83.0 deg² strip (1/3 deg wide) available to this telescope. A catalog of >10⁵ galaxy and ~3,000 quasar SEDs is expected, providing the largest database of its type to date. A detailed stress-tensor analysis of the mercury-loaded mirror cell is given. The maximum flexure of the cell (at the mirror rim) was found to be ≲0.32 mm. The high resonant frequency of the cell was designed to minimise the excitement of both gravity and capillary waves, surface phenomena which can degrade image quality. An analysis of the support structure indicated that its maximum deflection under wind loading (≲0.3µm) would be significantly less than the Ford CCD's physical pixel size of 15 µm. Temperature-sensitive autofocussing was needed to ensure that thermal expansion/ contraction of the support structure did not lead to defocussing. Star-trail curvature at non-zero latitudes and the discrete nature of the TDI readout mode leads to elongation of north-south (NS) and east-west (EW) image structure, respectively. Convolving stellar Point Spread Functions (e.g. Gaussian) with the CCD's pixel width showed image broadening of ~5% (EW) and ~9% (NS). While these effects are expected to be negligible for our instrument, quantifying them under on-site testing will be imperative before proceeding with the development of larger LMTs.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate

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30

Kelly, Daniel. "Disaggregation of domestic smart meter energy data." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/49452.

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Many countries are rolling out smart electricity meters. A smart meter measures the aggregate energy consumption of an entire building. However, appliance-by-appliance energy consumption information may be more valuable than aggregate data for a variety of uses including reducing energy demand and improving load forecasting for the electricity grid. Electricity disaggregation algorithms – the focus of this thesis – estimate appliance-by-appliance electricity demand from aggregate electricity demand. This thesis has three main goals: 1) to critically evaluate the benefits of energy disaggregation; 2) to develop tools to enable rigorous disaggregation research; 3) to advance the state of the art in disaggregation algorithms. The first part of this thesis explores whether disaggregated energy feedback helps domestic users to reduce energy consumption; and discusses threats to the NILM. Evidence is collected, summarised and aggregated by means of a critical, systematic review of the literature. Multiple uses for disaggregated data are discussed. Our review finds no robust evidence to support the hypothesis that current forms of disaggregated energy feedback are more effective than aggregate energy feedback at reducing energy consumption in the general population. But the absence of evidence does not necessarily imply the absence of any beneficial effect of disaggregated feedback. The review ends with a discussion of ways in which the effectiveness of disaggregated feedback may be increased and a discussion of opportunities for new research into the effectiveness of disaggregated feedback. We conclude that more social science research into the effects of disaggregated energy feedback is required. This motivates the remainder of the thesis: to enable cost-effective research into the effects of disaggregated feedback, we work towards developing robust NILM algorithms and software. The second part of this thesis describes three tools and one dataset developed to enable disaggregation research. The first of these tools is a novel, low-cost data collection system, which records appliance-by-appliance electricity demand every six seconds and records the whole-home voltage and current at 16 kHz. This system enabled us to collect the UK’s first and only high-frequency (kHz) electricity dataset, the UK Disaggregated Appliance-Level Electricity dataset (UK-DALE). Next, to help the disaggregation community to conduct open, rigorous,repeatable research, we collaborated with other researchers to build the first open-source dissaggregation framework, NILMTK. NILMTK has gained significant traction in the community,both in terms of contributed code and in terms of users. The third tool described in this thesis is a metadata schema for disaggregated energy data. This schema was developed to make it easier for researchers to describe their own datasets and to reduce the effort required to import datasets. The third part of this thesis describes our effort to advance the state of the art in disaggregation algorithms. Three disaggregation approaches based on deep learning are discussed: 1) a form of recurrent neural network called ‘long short-term memory’ (LSTM); 2) denoising autoencoders; and 3) a neural network which regresses the start time, end time and average power demand of each appliance activation. The disaggregation performance was measured using seven metrics and compared to two ‘benchmark’ algorithms from NILMTK: combinatorial optimisation and factorial hidden Markov models. To explore how well the algorithms generalise to unseen houses,the performance of the algorithms was measured in two separate scenarios: one using test data from a house not seen during training and a second scenario using test data from houses which were seen during training. All three neural nets achieve better F1 scores (averaged over all five appliances) than either benchmark algorithm. The neural net algorithms also generalise well to unseen houses.

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Corts, Brandon (Brandon E. ). "Quantitative analysis of 200 meter track times." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112577.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 19).
Using male, varsity, division 3 collegiate track and field results from the past decade, critical coaching decisions such as optimizing meet scheduling, targeting efficient training programs to mimic, and identifying potential performance-influencing factors on athletes can be made more easily. To come to these conclusions, 200-meter race times were normalized using seasonal athlete improvement factors and wind data to identify at which facilities athletes tended to run faster times and what factors make those facilities fast. It can be concluded that the variation in banked track and field facilities makes the banked-to-flat track conversion factor implemented by the NCAA in 2012 is potentially too harsh for athletes to compete on some banked indoor tracks compared to others. The data also has the potential for many other applications such as identifying the highest quality training programs, analyzing conversion factors and facility speed for races other than the 200-meter dash, and applying similar principals to variations in swimming facilities.
by Brandon Corts.
S.B.

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32

Young, Jeff C. "Determinants of 2000 meter rowing ergometer performance." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4122.

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Lean body weight and aerobic and anaerobic factors have long been recognized as important determinants of performance in the 2000 met:E!r (M) 1 ace distance for rowing. Current research with noninvasive techniques has important implications for training and performance but is inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between a 2000 M rowing ergometer performance test (PT) and lean body weight (LBW), velocity at heart rate deflection (Vd), and anaerobic capacity (AC) in experienced rowers. Vd was used as an estimate of aerobic function. Thirteen trained male rowers (mean age 38.5 ± 8 years) were studied. Hydrostatic weighing at residual lung volume was used to estimate LBW. Each subject performed five exercise tests on a Concept II rowing ergometer: one 2000 M PT, two sub maximal step wise progressive tests to determine Vd (s/500 M), and two maximal 40-s anaerobic tests to determine AC. Intraclass correlation coefficients for the test/retest trials of Vd and AC were R = 0.740 and R = 0.863, respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to explain variance in PT. The order of entry of each independent variable (and associated multiple R2 at each step) in the analysis was (1) Vd, 0.589; (2) LBW, 0.709; (3) AC, 0.720. The regression equation was PT (s) = 375.66 + 1.093 (Vd) - 0.820 (LBW) - 0.0007 (AC); S.E.E. = 10.01. It was concluded that performance in a 2000 M rowing ergometer PT is primarily dependent on aerobic metabolism and available lean body weight with anaerobic factors contributing to a lesser degree. These results have implications for specific training and team selection.

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33

Monte, Tiago Filipe Lagarinhos. "Autonomous electronic water meter based on hydrogeneration." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2159.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações
Esta tese tem como objectivo relatar o desenvolvimento de um sistema electrónico baseado em energias renováveis, mais especificamente, um contador de água electrónico baseado em hidrogeração. O trabalho foi iniciado com um estudo das características do hidrogerador que iria ser utilizado, que foi desenvolvido pela Vulcano (sub-holding da Bosch) e utilizado em esquentadores de aquecimento de água para produzir a faísca de ignição. De seguida, e após a selecção do método de armazenamento de energia (ultra condensadores), procedeu-se ao desenvolvimento de um sistema para demonstração da simplicidade na determinação do SOC nestes dispositivos. A carga é monitorizada por um microcontrolador e os dados são visualizados num computador pessoal através de um interface gráfico desenvolvido em C#. Procedeu-se depois ao desenvolvimento do projecto de hardware e software do contador de água electrónico. Ambos foram feitos com o objectivo primário de obter o máximo de eficiência energética, mantendo uma boa performance geral do sistema. Fez-se ainda uma PCB para o hardware desenvolvido. ABSTRACT: This thesis aims to report the develolment of an electronic system based on renewable energies, specifically, an electronic water meter based on hydrigeneration. The thesis work was initiated by studying the hydrogenerator’s characteristics, which is a device developed by Vulcano (a Bosch subholding) and is used in water heaters to generate the ignition spark. Following, and after selecting which energy storage method would be used, a charge monitoring system was developed. It aims to demonstrate how simple it can be to determine the SOC of ultracapacitors, when compared with batteries. The charging is monitorized by a microncontroller and the data is displayed on a computer, using a graphical interface developed in C#. It was then developed the water meter’s hardware and software project. Both had the primary objective of obtaining maximum energy efficiency, while maintaining a good overall system performance. A PCB was also developed for the hardware.

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Bacurau, Rodrigo Moreira 1988. "Medidor de energia inteligente para discriminação de consumo por aparelho através de assinatura de cargas." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258975.

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Orientador: Elnatan Chagas Ferreira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T07:37:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bacurau_RodrigoMoreira_M.pdf: 7520389 bytes, checksum: 2e88cad485dbbbdbd306a531c0ed2298 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Neste trabalho é apresentado o desenvolvimento de um módulo medidor de energia residencial capaz de medir, além do consumo de energia total, os parâmetros elétricos necessários para a discriminação de consumo de energia por aparelho. Também é apresentado um levantamento de quais parâmetros elétricos derivados das curvas de tensão e corrente são úteis para a definição de assinatura de cargas residenciais. Os resultados dos experimentos realizados indicaram a potência ativa, a potência reativa, o fator de potência, a tensão e corrente eficazes e as cinco primeiras harmônicas ímpares do sinal de corrente como os parâmetros mais adequados para uso em sistemas não intrusivos para identificação de consumo por aparelho. Graças a técnicas de programação e decisões de projeto acertadas, foi possível desenvolver um módulo medidor de alta precisão e baixo custo, usando um microcontrolador simples e de baixo consumo. Este módulo é capaz de calcular todas as grandezas elétricas supramencionadas a frequência de 46 Hz. Os valores de tensão, corrente, fator de potência, potência ativa e potência aparente apresentaram erros inferiores a 0,3% (para cargas resistivas). O erro nas componentes harmônicas do sinal de corrente foi de 0,03% para a componente fundamental, 0,58% para a 3ª harmônica, 3,69% para a 5ª harmônica, 6,63% para a 7ª harmônica e 11,81% para a 9ª harmônica. O medidor desenvolvido será usado no projeto "Sistema Inteligente de Gestão Energética para Unidades Consumidoras de Baixa Tensão" o qual consistirá em um sistema completo de gestão de consumo de energia residencial
Abstract: We present in this project the development of a residential power meter module capable of measuring besides the total energy consumption, the electrical parameters needed for power consumption breakdown. We also present a study of which electrical features derived from current and voltage waveforms are more adequate to define signatures of residential loads. The experimental results indicated that the active power, reactive power, power factor, voltage, current and the first five odd harmonics of the current signal are good parameters to use in Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Systems - NILM. Thanks to the use of advanced programming techniques and right design decisions, we developed, using a simple microcontroller, a high-precision, low-power and low cost smart meter. This module is capable to calculate all electrical parameters above mentioned at 46 Hz frequency. The voltage, current, power factor active and apparent power presented errors lower than 0.3% for resistive loads. The error in the harmonics of the current signal was 0.03% for the fundamental harmonic, 0.58% for the 3rd harmonic, 3.69% for the 5th harmonic, 6.63% for the 7th harmonic and 11.81% for the 9th harmonic. The smart meter presented here will be used in a larger project entitled "Intelligent Energy Management System for Consumer Units Low Voltage" which consists of a complete management system of residential energy consumption
Mestrado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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Mantilla, Pena Carlos Fernando. "Evaluation of In-Service Residential Water Meters: Analysis of Registration Error and Metering Infrastructure Upgrades." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104181.

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The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the International Water Association (IWA) have designated the volume of water not registered by water meters as a form of "apparent loss" in a distribution system. The term apparent is given because this volume is not technically a water loss, as is the case of wasted water from real leaks in the distribution system. Large volumes of apparent losses hurt the revenue of utilities that rely on water metering to bill their customers. This is critical to utilities given that billed consumption is often the main source of income to provide adequate service. This form of apparent losses is a challenge to water management, particularly, in the case of significant drought because of the uncertainty about the real volume of water consumed. Although the impact of apparent losses from a single residential service connection is not as significant compared to an industrial meter with low accuracy, the cumulative effect of apparent losses across residential users can be very significant. Until the early 2000's water utilities in the U.S. relied on mechanical water meters to measure residential water use. Since then, electronic meters with higher accuracy at low flow rates have been developed. Data collection from meters has also evolved as well, from the manual reading by an operator, to drive-by systems and most recently to remote readings using a network of transmitters/receivers (i.e., advanced metering infrastructure or AMI). An expectation of this dissertation is that it will help water utilities to have a better idea of the volume of apparent losses due to metering inaccuracy (i.e., registration error) and provide insights into the effects of installing AMI systems to residential metered water (MW). To achieve this goal, two main objectives are fulfilled 1) to expand on the knowledge of registration error (RE) in mechanical nutating-disc (ND) meters used to monitor residential consumption, and 2) to evaluate the impact of metering infrastructure upgrades on the volume of metered water (MW) from residential service connections. This dissertation follows the manuscript format with three journal articles constituting the main chapters after a general introduction characterizing the issues in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 is an experimental study that evaluates the influence of service time (ST) and volumetric throughput (TP) on the accuracy of ND meters within the recommended flow rates set by the U.S. water industry for meters with an internal diameter of ⅝-in. (15-mm). Over 300 meters removed from service were tested for accuracy. Key findings of this study are 1) ND meters that have been in service over 25 years have a greater likelihood of poor accuracy at the minimum recommended flow rate (Q^min) of 0.25 gallons per minute (gpm) (57 liters per hour (L/h)) and 0.5 gpm (114 L/h) independent of TP, and 2) comparison with data from accelerated laboratory testing showed that simulated use may not necessarily reflect the actual performance of ND meters in service, particularly, at 0.25 and 0.5 gpm. Chapter 3 is an experimental study that investigates REs of ND meters below the minimum recommended flow rate (Q^min = 0.25 gpm), particularly, at ½, ¼ and ⅛ of Q^min. Over 100 meters removed from service were tested in this study. Key findings of this study are 1) confirmed how performance decreases with reducing flow rate below Q^min, 2) of the variables considered, TP was found to be a better indicator of RE at Q_(1/8)^min up to an approximate meter reading of 0.66 MG (2.5 ML) compared to ST for 10 ≤ ST ≤ 24 years, with minimal influence at Q_(1/4)^min and none at Q_(1/2)^min, and 3) a strong linear relationship was found between RE at Q_(1/2)^min and RE at Q^min independent of TP or ST. Chapter 4 is a study that evaluates the extent to which the implementation of a new AMI system combined with a system-wide installation of new ND meters impacted the volume of MW from residential service connections of a 22,000-person municipality in southwest Virginia. Time-series analysis techniques were employed to evaluate changes in the trend of bimonthly MW and median daily MW over a six-year period. Key findings of this study are 1) the AMI system improved the accountability of MW for the utility, 2) despite an ongoing downward annual trend in MW, average bimonthly MW mildly increased after the AMI system was fully operational, and 3) annual MW increased by 2.2% in the 12-month period immediately following the metering infrastructure upgrade.
Doctor of Philosophy
An expectation of this dissertation is that it will help water utilities to have a better idea of the volume of water not being measured by residential water meters in their system (i.e., registration error) and provide insights into the effects of replacing water meters and installing automatic data collections systems (i.e., metering infrastructure upgrades) to improve accounting of water and revenue. To achieve these goals three studies were conducted. In the first two studies, over 400 nutating-disc (ND) water meters, a type of mechanical meter used to measure water, were removed from service and tested to evaluate the percent of water not measured at different ranges of flow (volume per time), and to determine if metering errors changed depending on the service time (ST) of the meter or total volume of water that had gone through (TP) it while in service. The third study consisted in the review of water consumption data from a municipality in southwest Virginia that underwent a metering infrastructure upgrade consisting of replacing all their water meters and installing an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) system (i.e., automatic meter reading). Key findings discussed in this dissertation are 1) confirmed how performance of ND meters decreases with reducing flow rate below 0.25 gallons per minute (gpm). This is the minimum flow rate (Q^min) recommended by the U.S. water industry for accuracy testing of mechanical meters. 2) ND meters that have been in service over 25 years have a greater likelihood of poor accuracy at Q^min and 0.5 gpm independent of TP. 3) The relative influence of TP and ST on accuracy varied with the test flow rate. 4) Comparison with data from accelerated laboratory testing showed that simulated use may not necessarily reflect the actual performance of ND meters in service, particularly, at 0.25 and 0.5 gpm. 5) The AMI system improved the accountability of water for the utility. 6) Despite an ongoing downward annual trend in metered water (MW), average bimonthly MW mildly increased after the AMI system was fully operational. And 7) annual MW increased by 2.2% in the 12-month period immediately following the metering infrastructure upgrade.

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Flamm, Christoph. "Der russische Komponist Nikolaj Metner : Studien und Materialien : mit einem ausführlichen Werkverzeichnis, einem vollständigen Verzeichnis der von ihm selbst eingespielten Schallplattenaufnahmen und einer "Bibliographie der internationalen Literatur über Nikolaj Metner von 1903 bis 1994 /." Berlin : E. Kuhn, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37539805x.

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Diss.--Heidelberg--Rüprecht Karls Universität, 1995.
Contient lettres et documents en allemand, russe, anglais et français. Liste des oeuvres p. 351-571. Discogr. p. 633-642. Bibliogr.p. 643-660. Index.

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FERREIRA, GABRIEL APOLINÁRIO ALEXANDRE. "METROLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A CLAMP-ON METER FOR IN SITU CALIBRATION OF FLOW METER OPERATING UNDER DEVELOPING FLOW CONDITIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26891@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Medidores do tipo clamp-on, com trajetória ultrassônica única, são muito sensíveis ao perfil de velocidade do escoamento para medição de vazão e devem ser utilizados, para maior confiabilidade metrológica, quando o escoamento está completamente desenvolvido. Esta não é a condição normal de utilização em plataformas de petróleo, onde pequenos trechos retos estão normalmente disponíveis. Estudos numérico e experimental comprovaram que para trajetórias ultrassônicas simétricas, a média aritmética dos valores indicados pelo medidor de vazão praticamente independe dos componentes não-axiais de velocidade do escoamento em desenvolvimento em trechos retos com comprimento superior a dez diâmetros da tubulação. A trajetória única foi assegurada por meio de um dispositivo mecânico introduzido que posiciona o plano dos sensores em ângulos de 45 graus em relação à horizontal, assim permitindo medições em outras trajetórias ultrassônicas, procedimento que mostrou minimizar a incerteza associada à medição de vazão. A caracterização metrológica deste procedimento de medição, qualifica o medidor para ser utilizado como padrão itinerante em calibração in situ de medidores de vazão, o que evita a sua retirada para calibração em laboratório. A metodologia alternativa de calibração proposta foi validada experimentalmente em loop especiamente construido na PUC-Rio para reproduzir as condições de medição em campo.
Clamp-on type flow meters, with one single ultrasonic path, are very sensitive to the velocity profile in flow rate measurement and must be used, for greater metrological realiability, when the flow is completely developed. This is not the normal condition of use on oil production platforms, where small straight pipelines are usually available. Numerical and experimental studies have shown that for symmetric ultrasonic paths, the arithmetic mean of the values indicated by the flow meter is practically independent of non-axial velocity components in developing flows in straight pipeline equivalent lengths larger than ten pipeline diameters. The single path was secured by means of an introduced mechanical device that positions the sensor plane every 45 degree angle to the horizontal, thus allowing measurements at other ultrasonic paths, procedure that showed to minimize the uncertainty associated with the flow measurement. The metrological characterization of this measurement procedure, qualifies the meter to be used as a in situ traveling calibration standard of flow meters, which prevents its removal for calibration in laboratory. The alternative methodology calibration proposed was validated experimentally in loop especially built at PUC-Rio to reproduce the field measurement conditions.

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Metzger, Randy Arnold. "An investigation into the effects of college research shadowing on the perceptions of high school science students." Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/metzger/MetzgerR0812.pdf.

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The National Science Foundation and National Research Council have identified a sharp decline in positive attitudes toward science. These predispositions are becoming more commonplace in middle and high school classrooms for various reasons. The NSF has identified a decline in students pursuing post-secondary careers in science and engineering, predominantly due to the negative perceptions seen in high school science classes. This study focused on the implementation of project based learning as a method for changing students' perspectives toward science and possibly altering their post-secondary choices towards a science career. Projects involved the shadowing of college researchers and professors in field-based environmental activities. High school students worked alongside college researchers and professors, while collecting data and preparing documentation in an inquiry based setting.

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Abdul, Jabbar Mashahel, and Noor Elshebani. "Metoder för tobaksavvänjning." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Hälsa och Samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8432.

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Tandvården har goda möjligheter att få kännedom om patienters tobaksvanor eftersom flertalet människor besöker tandvården regelbundet. Det finns därför goda möjligheter att utföra tobaksavvänjning med de som röker eller snusar. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa metoder som finns för tobaksavvänjning och vilka resultat dessa metoder ger. Sökningen gjordes i databasen Pubmed och begränsades till artiklar som är publicerade under de senaste tio åren och till studier som har utförts inom tandvården. Litteraturstudien inkluderade åtta studier. Resultatet visade att det finns flera olika kombinationsmetoder som används för tobaksavvänjning. I tre artiklar har 5A metoden använts i kombination med nikotinersättningsmedel. I övriga artiklar användes fem olika kombinationsmetoder med olika uppföljningstider. I en av kombinationsmetoderna beskrevs två metoder. Utöver dessa metoder fanns en metod för snusavvänjning. Resultatet visade skillnader i lyckandefrekvens med upphörande av tobaksvanor. Tolv månaders avvänjning och uppföljning i två av kombinationsmetoderna samt metoden för snusavvänjning gav högst lyckandefrekvens (36 %, 25 % och 30 %). Lägst lyckandefrekvens var 7 % efter tolv månaders uppföljning i en av 5A metoderna. Studiens slutsats är att det finns få publicerade studier om tobaksavvänjning inom tandvården som är baserade på utvärdering av tobaksavvänjningsmetoder som är utförda på patienter. Uppföljning och rådgivning samt stöttning har betydelse för resultatet.
Patients with tobacco habits visit the dental care regularly, therefore it is well placed to carry out tobacco cessation for those who smoke or use snuff. The purpose of this study was to highlight methods available for tobacco cessation and results of these methods. The authors searched in the database PubMed and was limited to articles published during the last ten years and performed in the dental care. The framework was limited to eight studies which were performed in the dental care. The results showed that there are several different combination methods for tobacco cessation. In three articles, the 5A method was used in combination with nicotine replacement therapy. In other articles five different combination methods with different follow-up times were used. In one of those with combined approach two methods are described. In addition a method was used for snuff cessation. The result showed differences in frequency of success to tobacco stop. The best result was shown after twelve months tobacco cessation and a follow up in two of the combination methods and the method for snuff cessation (36%, 25% and 30%). The lowest success rate was 7% after twelve months follow up with one of the 5A methods. The conclusion of the study is that there are few published studies regarding tobacco cessation in the dental care, which are based on evaluation of methods performed among patients. Follow up, counselling and support have essential effects on the result.

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Wadin, Wesslén Kalle. "Metoder för långtidslagring." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-15085.

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Kåhre, Katarina. "Läromedel och metoder." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Educational Science (IUV), 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-954.

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Syftet med mitt arbete har varit att jämföra två läromedel i tyska för svenska nybörjare, år 7, från två olika tidsperioder för att utreda om det finns skillnader och om så är fallet , vari dessa består. Jag har studerat olika språkundervisningsmetoder som florerat i Sverige under 1900-talet och försöker se ett samband mellan läromedlens upplägg och den metoddiskussion som förts under respektive tillkomstår. Jag går i kronologisk ordning igenom olika språkundervisningsmetoder och vad som kännetecknar dessa. Därefter presenterar jag de två läromedlen och gör en jämförelse dem emellan med anknytning till metoderna. Jag kommer fram till att läromedlen skiljer sig åt och jag finner tydliga tecken på att båda läromedlen är starkt påverkade av och konstruerade utifrån de metoder som varit dominerande under tillkomståren.

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Stolpe, Claus. "Metoder vid presidentval /." Åbo : Åbo Akad. Förl, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/237812371.pdf.

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Nilsson, Anette, and Emil Antonsson. "Läsundervisning : Lärarnas metoder." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Pedagogik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19264.

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BAKGRUND:Ute i verksamheten kan man se att pedagogiken ofta utgår från Vygotskijs språksyn, vilkenhandlar om att eleverna lär sig bäst när de själva är aktiva. Detta har sin grund i detsociokulturella perspektivet på lärande, som betonar att lärandet sker i samspel med andramänniskor. Vygotskijs teori visar sig på olika sätt ute i verksamheten. Exempelvis belysesdenna när pedagoger pratar om att läsningen måste vara meningsfull och engagerande, samtatt eleverna bör marineras i läsning. Den visar sig också i olika läsmetoder, som får framdenna meningsfullhet. Till exempel är reflekterande efter läsning en användbar läsmetod,vilken får eleverna att tänka till om det lästa. Detta gör också att läsningens fokus blir påförståelsen. Metoden högläsning är en annan läsmetod som också är viktig. Tack vare dennakan eleverna höra hur språket är uppbyggt och även bli motiverade till läsning.SYFTE:Vårt syfte är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning några lärare uppger sig arbeta med olikaläsmetoder. Undersökningen syftar också till att belysa på vilka grunder dessa lärare säger siggöra sina val av läsmetoder.METOD:Vi har använt oss av två datainsamlingsmetoder. Den första har en kvantitativ prägel och ärett läsprotokoll, vilket vi har tagit fram själva. Den andra är en kvalitativ intervju.RESULTAT:De läsmetoder som undersöktes användes i olika stor utsträckning bland lärarna. Metodenhögläsning användes ganska ofta, där ett motiv var att eleverna skulle få höra språket talas.Samtliga lärare fokuserade på att eleverna skulle utveckla en god läsförståelse samt hade envariation av olika texter i sin läsundervisning.
Uppsatsnivå: C

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Willén, Malin. "Metoder för låtskrivande." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för musik, pedagogik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-3370.

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Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka om andra låtskrivares metoder för att skriva musik skulle påverka min kreativa process vid komponering. Genom att göra kvalitativa intervjuer med två låtskrivare har jag genom en förstudie satt upp olika kriterier för två olika metoder, en utifrån var låtskrivare. Två låtar skrevs sedan utifrån dessa metoder och för att kunna analysera arbetsprocessen användes en processloggbok. Resultatet av undersökningen visade att de begränsningar som uppstod gynnade min kreativa process. Andra faktorer som påverkade var flow, självkritik och tidigare erfarenheter.

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Thomenius, Ronja. "Agila metoder : Produktivitetsökning i IT-projekt genom införandet av agila metoder." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, fysik och matematik, DFM, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13687.

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Fagerblom, Albin, and Patryk Kulak. "Tidplanering – En fallstudie som jämför traditionella metoder och BIM-baserade metoder." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50178.

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Syfte: Det finns idag stor förbättringspotential i arbetet med logistik och tidplanering på byggarbetsplatser. Ökad komplexitet har lett till ökade krav på detta. Dock har det visats i studier att byggbranschen är en av de minst digitaliserade branscherna som finns, trots alla verktyg som finns. Syftet med studien är att undersöka fördelar med att använda sig av BIM i arbetet med logistik- och tidplanering jämfört med de traditionella metoder som finns, och på så sätt se hur detta arbete kan effektiviseras. Metod: De valda undersökningsmetoderna för att besvara våra frågeställningar är fallstudie samt litteraturstudie. Dessa metoder lämpar sig bäst för den typen av studie som ska utföras. Empirin är insamlad via intervjuer med anställda på Gärahovs Bygg AB. Resultat: Studien har visat att respondenterna tror att kommunikationen mellan olika aktörer i projektet, till exempel entreprenörer och underentreprenörer, kan förbättras med hjälp av den BIM-baserade metoden. De tror också att det blir lättare att se att allt tas med i planeringen i projekteringsskedet. Nyttan med att använda BIM: • BIM-metoden kan ge en visuell fördel i kommunikationen mellan entreprenörer och underentreprenörer. • BIM-metoden kan ge en tydligare bild av hur arbetet ska fortskrida genom visuella simuleringar. • BIM-metoden kan göra det lättare att i tidplaneringsskedet se om alla tänkta aktiviteter finns med i planeringen. • BIM-metoden kan göra det lättare att göra avstämningar mot tidplanen under projektets gång. Begränsningar: Begränsningar är att endast göra en tidplan över en typlägenhet i ett projekt, och gör jämförelser endast med denna. Studien har endast gjorts tillsammans med ett företag. För att få högre trovärdighet i resultatet behövs fler företag att jämföra med. En simulering av en större modell hade kunnat ge en ännu klarare bild av vilka fördelar och nackdelar som finns med BIM-metoden.
Purpose: Today there is big room for improvements in the work with logistics and scheduling on construction sites. Increased complexity has led to increased demands on planning. However, studies have shown that construction is one of the least digitalised industries today, in spite of all tools available. The purpose of the study is to study the advantages of using BIM in the work with logistics and scheduling compared to the traditional methods available, and in that way see how this increase efficiency. Method: The research methods that was chosen to answer our issue are case studies and literature studies. Those methods are the best suited for these types of studies that are going to be done. Collection of data has been made through qualitative interviews with employees at Gärahovs Bygg AB. Findings: The study has shown that the interviewees believe that communication between different participants in the project can be improved using the BIM-based method. They also believe that it will be easier to see that everything is included in the planning phase. The benefit of using BIM: • The BIM method can provide a visual advantage in the communication between contractors and subcontractors. • The BIM method can give a clearer picture of how the work will proceed through visual simulations. • The BIM method can make it easier to see if all the planned activities are included in the planning phase. • The BIM method can make it easier to make reconciliations against the schedule during the project. Limitations: The study is limited to only make a production schedule over one typeapartment in a project, and to only make comparisons with this. The study has only been made together with one company. For a more reliable result, more companies would have to be included in the study. A simulation of a larger model could have given an even clearer picture of what advantages and disadvantages that comes with the BIM-based method.

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Schlüter, Kerstin. "Der Bildhauer Hans Mettel : mit einem kritischen Werkkatalog der plastischen Arbeiten /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39997607s.

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Attas, Robin Elizabeth Sturton. "Meter as process in groove-based popular music." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33822.

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The various genres of North American popular music developed since the 1950s are distinctive for their use of short repeating accompanimental patterns called grooves. Such groove-based popular music often includes many distinctive metrical features that cannot be reflected in standard hierarchical representations of metric structure, such as polyphonic textures, anacrusis, and syncopation. As a result, one crucial aspect of an important modern musical practice has been analytically underappreciated. The processual theory of meter developed by Christopher Hasty offers an alternative analytical framework that, by characterizing meter in terms of particular and constantly changing durations unfolding in time, has the potential to illuminate the important metric features of grooves in a range of popular music genres. By using and further developing such a comprehensive metrical model, popular music scholars can move beyond an existing vernacular that is often inadequate for in-depth musical discussion, and connect analytical observations to an in-time, felt experience, whether in dancing, listening, or performance contexts. In order to fully explore the benefits of this approach to meter in groove-based popular music, this dissertation analyzes a diverse sample of the repertoire from several perspectives. After a general introduction and establishment of the methodological approach, Chapters 3 and 4 detail metric aspects of specific genres of popular music (disco and Motown), while Chapter 5 focuses on a specific technique of groove composition, the buildup, that occurs in a wide range of musical genres. Chapter 6 incorporates the information gained in the preceding chapters into an analysis of a modern groove composition by Janelle Monáe. Throughout, particular metric features of the groove mentioned above are described and theorized in detail, as is the definition of the groove itself. Metric theory is also augmented with deeper consideration of the interplay of repetition and forward drive; listener shifts in attention among durations of different sizes (level shift); and the role of timbre and production techniques in metric interpretations.

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49

Golston, Chris. "The Prosodic Hierarchy as a Form of Meter." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/226595.

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This paper has two goals. First, it seeks to establish that Middle English Alliterative Verse (MEAV) is a meter based on hierarchically organized prosodic constituents above the foot. In particular, I claim that MEAV is based straightforwardly on the Prosodic Hierarchy, as conceived of in work by Selkirk (1978, 1980, 1984, 1986), Hayes (1989) and others. Second, the account of MEAV advanced here requires reference to the notion of branching in prosodic structure above the foot, suggesting that branching may be a relevant property of prosodic constituent above the level of the syllable and foot2. Discussion proceeds as follows. In section 2 I outline the facts about Middle English Alliterative verse in general and in the poem Cleanness in particular, following recent work by Cable (1991). Section 3 presents a brief overview of work on the Prosodic Hierarchy and Section 4 proposes an analysis of MEAV in terms of it. In section 5 I discuss the relation of this proposal to Cable's work and extend the analysis to metrical structure above the line in Cleanness. A brief conclusion follows in section 6.

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50

Ballard, Valerie Jean. "Experiments with a high frequency laser slope meter." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367969.

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