Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Métaux/métalloïdes"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Métaux/métalloïdes":
VARENNES, E., D. BLANC, A. AZAÏS, L. GUERET, C. LAGARRIGUE, and J. M. CHOUBERT. "Opportunités de récupération des métaux en station d’épuration." Techniques Sciences Méthodes 9, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202109085.
Eddine, N. N., N. Noisel, D. Dieme, and M. Bouchard. "393 - Exposition aux métaux et métalloïdes dans les urines et l'eau potable au Liban." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 70 (August 2022): S163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2022.06.097.
Goullé, Jean-Pierre, Loïc Mahieu, Nicolas Neveu, Daniel Bouige, Julien Castermant, Gilbert Laine, Marie-Pascale Nouveau, Roseline Gehanne, and Christian Lacroix. "Dosage multiélémentaire des métaux et métalloïdes dans les milieux biologiques par ICP-MS : valeurs usuelles chez 100 témoins." Annales de Toxicologie Analytique 16, no. 4 (2004): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ata/2004006.
Goullé, Jean-Pierre, Loïc Mahieu, Valérie Maignant, Daniel Bouige, Élodie Saussereau, and Christian Lacroix. "Valeurs usuelles des métaux et métalloïdes dans le sang total et les urines par ICP-MS chez cinquante-quatre sujets décédés." Annales de Toxicologie Analytique 19, no. 1 (2007): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ata:2007007.
Goullé, Jean-Pierre, Loïc Mahieu, Laurent Bonneau, Gilbert Laine, Daniel Bouige, and Christian Lacroix. "Validation d'une technique de dosage multiélémentaire des métaux et métalloïdes dans les cheveux par ICP-MS. Valeurs de référence chez 45 témoins." Annales de Toxicologie Analytique 17, no. 2 (2005): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ata:2005026.
Goullé, Jean-Pierre, Loïc Mahieu, Élodie Saussereau, Daniel Bouige, Sophie Groenwont, and Christian Lacroix. "Validation d'une technique de dosage multiélémentaire des métaux et métalloïdes dans les ongles par ICP-MS. Valeurs usuelles chez 130 sujets volontaires." Annales de Toxicologie Analytique 19, no. 2 (2007): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ata:2007017.
SCHUHMACHER, Michel. "Propriétés atomiques des principaux métaux et métalloïdes." Étude et propriétés des métaux, April 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-m68.
"Diagnostic des intoxications par des métaux ou des métalloïdes et mésusage des chélateurs." Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 27, no. 3 (September 2015): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxac.2015.07.002.
Person, Alain, Françoise Petit-Coviaux, Yvon Le Moullec, and Bernard Festy. "Contribution des principales sources en métaux et métalloïdes à la pollution particulaire dans l'agglomération parisienne." Pollution atmosphérique, N°139 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/pollution-atmospherique.4256.
Дисертації з теми "Métaux/métalloïdes":
Battaglia-Brunet, Fabienne. "Microflore bactérienne des milieux riches en métaux et métalloïdes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628067.
Lassri, Hassan. "Elaboration et études des propriétés magnétiques des rubans amorphes métaux de transitions-terres rares-métalloïdes." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUES001.
Xiong, Tiantian. "Biodisponibilité des métaux et métalloïdes de particules micro- et nanométriques en relation avec leur phytotoxicité." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0081/document.
Ultrafine particles including nanosized enriched with metal(loid)s (PM) are emitted into the atmosphere of industrial or urban areas, these PM can transfer into soil and water ecosystems and have consequences on plant quality and human health. In a global socio-scientific context that regulation on (eco)toxicity of chemicals and public space pressures are recently increased, studies of environmental and health impacts throughout the life cycle of PM are of crucial sanitary concern. The PhD aims first to study metal(loid)s present in the PM: their transfer kinetic and mechanism of phytoavailability, phytotoxicity, and human health risks-ingestion bioaccessibility. Then, through the case of vegetable gardens near an incinerator and a highway in China, a socio-scientific study was performed in order to give suggestions for sustainable environmental and health risk management for these sites. Vegetables can significantly accumulate metal(loid)s by foliar uptake when PM directly enter into leaves through stomata apertures. Ultrafine PbO and nano-CuO particles caused serious phytotoxicity (reduced biomass and gaseous exchange, and necrosis) after interaction with leaf surface. Phytotoxicity of metal(loid)s is not simply governed by their total concentration, but also depended on the potential bio-transformation. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis clearly evidenced copper speciation change in leaf tissues. Moreover, a significant influence of the nature of metal, plant species and the exposure pathways (foliar/root) on gastro-bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s had been demonstrated. For a social-scientific study near waste incinerator and roadside, we found that atmosphere PM fallouts can induce significant metal foliar uptake in addition to soil-plant transfer. The relatively high human bioaccessibility of metal (60-79%) was measured, suggesting a potential health risk in the case of regular consumption of polluted vegetables. Vegetable gardens present a low (waste incinerator) or moderate (highway) health risk with respect to human consumption quantity of the investigated vegetables, but exposure to different organic pollutants in addition to metals is often possible. Our studies highlight the importance of taking atmosphere and soil quality into account for estimating the quality of consumed plants grown in anthropic areas (farms and kitchen gardens), and for sustainable management of urban agricultures
Dang, Duc Huy. "Dynamique sédimentaire et mécanismes de transferts des métaux/métalloïdes dans un écosystème contaminé : la Rade de Toulon." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0008/document.
Mediterranean coastal ecosystems are exposed to several contamination sources (agricultural, industrial and touristic activities) impacting the environmental compartments (water column, sediment, biota ...) at various scales. Some previous studies showed, in particular, that the sediments of Toulon Bay present important contents of several contaminants, which may have non-negligible impacts on the coastal ecosystem, and which require further studies to better understand the processes governing the potential pollutants transfer to the surrounding environment. In this context, the objectives of this PhD are to study the processes controlling the inorganic pollutants dynamic in the sediment column and at the sediment/water interface and to assess their potential remobilization to the water column. Three main modes of dispersion can lead to contaminants remobilization : (1) the early diagenesis mobilizing nutrients, trace metals and metalloids, (2) the contaminants remobilization during sediment resuspension events, and (3) the diffusive flux from the sediment/water interface due to the sedimentary mobility of contaminants. To achieve its goals, this PhD project combines in-situ approaches (interface coring, extraction, treatment and analysis of porewater and solid fractions, ...), laboratory experiments (kinetic monitoring of contaminants remobilization during sediment resuspension, sequential extractions, ...), modeling tools (chemical speciation calculation, dissolved/particulate partition simulation, depth profiles simulation, organic matter reactivity, …) and contamination sources tracking and transfer between various environmental compartments using Pb stable isotopes. These studies were performed in close cooperation with the LASEM and with the contribution of different partners (EPOC/University of Bordeaux, Ruđer Bošković Institute/Croatia, CAM/University of Lausanne/Suisse, IFREMER, IRSN, …)
Mombo, Stéphane. "Transferts des métaux et métalloïdes dans le système sol-plante-atmosphère : mécanismes biogéochimiques et conséquences environnement-santé." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0074/document.
Pollution of (peri)urban soils by (eco)toxic metal(loid)s is commonly observed on a global scale. Some elements (Se, Cu ...) have biological roles and other (Pb, Cd ...) only have an (eco)toxic impact influenced by their speciation and compartmentalization that can change their transfers and bioavailability. With the perspective of sustainable management of soil and food, multidisciplinary scientific questions are digging for: (i) the mechanisms involved in the bioavailability and impact on living organisms of inorganic elements related to speciation; (ii) the co-management of environmental-health risks from industrial regulated plants (ICPE in France, such as former battery recycling plant) with residents who grow vegetable gardens or employees. In this context, were studied: (1) the transfer of metals between solid phase and soil solution under the influence of earthworms on a ICPE site; (2) the transfer and bioavailability of Se in controlled conditions for two chemical forms; (3) the health risk for the residents with gardening activities near ICPE plant and factors influencing blood lead of professionals (statistical analysis of data). A literature review of the quality of cassava in connection with the cultivation and culinary practices and characteristics of the environment was finally performed to complete the "Science and Society" process of the thesis. From the analysis of different isotopes of lead in the soil around the recycling plant it was concluded that 84 to 100% of lead in surface soils has anthropogenic origin. Avoidance behavior in the most lead polluted areas was observed for A. caliginosa earthworm species. The selenium root transfer, translocation to corn and its bioavailability in the grain are higher in the case of selenate (translocation factor of 1.1, and human bioavailability of 89.3%) compared to selenite (0.13 and bioaccessibility 82.7%). The study of crops quality in the gardens near the ICPE plant (in Bazoches), in relation to atmosphere and soil quality (low Pb contamination, alkaline pH and high organic content that reduce pollutants transfers) highlighted an atmosphere-plant transfer which depends on the metal (Cd is the most bioavailable) and plant species. Pb and Cd concentrations follow respectively the sequences: [lettuce> Leek> celery> carrot] and [lettuce> celery> carrot> leek]. To reduce population exposure, thorough washing of productions before consumption is recommended
Tapia, Zamora Joseline Soledad. "Sources, mobilité et biodisponibilité des métaux traces et métalloïdes dans la ville minière d'Oruro sur l'altiplano bolivien." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1813/.
This study was performed within the main altiplanic hydrological system constituted by the Lake Titicaca-Desaguadero River- Lake Poopó-Coipasa salar (TDPS) sub-basins. This region is characterized by the presence of two highly mineralized ranges: the Cordillera Occidental related to epithermal and sedimentary Cu deposits and the Cordillera Oriental associated with numerous metallogenic belts, where the Bolivian Tin Belt is very well known. The Oruro Department is located in the central part of this belt. This study has been motivated by the fact that despite this city has been exposed to intense mining activities since the XVIIth century, very little is known about the geochemical characteristics and the dispersion processes affecting this area. A detailed geochemistry study was performed in five lacustrine sedimentary cores (Lake Uru Uru). Statistical analyses of sediment and soil concentrations allowed us to propose a geochemical background and a present time geochemical baseline for the Altiplano sediments and has allowed us to propose that the upper continental crust (UCC) composition is not adequate to obtain enrichment factors in this region, naturally enriched in trace metals and metalloids. Furthermore, we propose that the anthropogenic impact in superficial soils is associated with trace elements dispersion from the Vinto Foundry, whereas Lake Uru Uru sediments are related to mining activities. Post-depositional redistribution of trace metals and metalloids during early diagenesis are related to a change in chemical speciation of these elements and moreover, authigenic enrichment, mainly as sulfides. Particularly, Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides destabilization plays a preponderant role in this redistribution. Early diagenesis is influenced importantly by seasonal precipitation variability, with an important role of evaporation. Trace elements diffusion into the water-sediment interface, controlled by concentration gradients resulting from redox reactions during early diagenesis, show that Lake Uru Uru sediments are a source of trace metals and metalloids, particularly arsenic, into the overlying water column. This work has also shown that trace metals and metalloids deposition within Lake Uru Uru sediments is mainly influenced by three sources : local geology, authigenic minerals formation during early diagenesis influenced probably by cold ENSO (La Niña) events and mining origin gangues and ores
Tessier, Erwan. "Diagnostic de la contamination sédimentaire par les métaux/métalloïdes dans la rade de Toulon et mécanismes controlant leur mobilité." Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0003/document.
This study deals with the assessment of sediment contamination levels by trace metals in the Toulon bay, a semi-closed Mediterranean area submitted to heavy anthropogenic inputs. The sampling of interface cores in 52 points located in thewhole bay allowed establishing a precise mapping of the sedimentary characteristics and the metals/metalloids contents. The obtained results from the surface sediments revealed a significant contamination of the bay (especially for Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn), mainly in the most enclosed parts of the small bay. There, the levels may exceed by several orders of magnitude the limits concerning dredging operations defined by the French legislation. The observed contamination distribution clearly indicated an export from the small to the large bay (normally less exposed) probably governed by hydrodynamic processes, responsible for the contaminated sediment resuspension. The sedimentary profiles of interface cores sampled in contrasted contamination areas revealed the presence of systematic contamination peaks in the first 20 cm. Taking into account the calculated sedimentation rate, this would demonstrate that the Toulon bay was submitted to a strong multi-contamination, probably linked to the 2nd world war. The analysis of interstitial waters (physico-chemical parameters,major, trace metals, and diagenetic tracers) allowed studying trace metals mobility. The obtained profiles appeared mainly controlled by diagenetic mechanisms and showed the major role of the main carrier phases present in the sediments (oxyhydroxides of Fe and Mn, sulphides). The modeling of these profiles led to the determination of the diffusive fluxes at the sediment/water interface, and so, to the action of the sediment as a sink or a source of contamination for the water column.The calculated outgoing diffusive fluxes appeared relatively low in comparison to the total contents measured in the sediment, proving that the main part of the studied trace metals remains in the sediment. Finally, resuspension experiments in lab and on field were performed with the aim to simulate different possible scenarios (storm,nautical traffic, dredging). Under the studied conditions, the remobilization can be low for some trace metals (e.g. As, Hg), but it may contrariwise be quite important for others (e.g. Cd, Cu, Pb) leading to a non-negligible contamination of the water column
Poirel, Jessica. "Réponses adaptatives des communautés bactériennes telluriques aux métaux et métalloïdes : liens avec la disponibilité des polluants métalliques dans les sols." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0164.
Arsenic is a widespread toxic metalloid which is a major issue of public health. Its presence in the environment is naturally due to the geochemical background, i.e. the weathering of parent material and volcanic eruptions, but the main contamination sources are anthropogenic activities such as mining and metalworking industry. We describe a real-time PCR assay for the quantitative detection of arsB and ACR3(1) arsenite transporter gene families, two ubiquitous and key determinants of arsenic resistance in prokaryotes. The aioA gene encoding the large subunit of arsenite-oxidase was monitored in parallel. This study aimed to determine whether diversity, abundance and expression of these arsenite efflux pumps could serve as suitable biomarkers of metalloid stress and provide means to assess the impact of contamination on soil bacterial communities. The assay was applied in batch growth experiments using a wasteland soil bacterial community as an inoculum to investigate the effect of increasing arsenic concentrations on genes and transcripts abundances. To confirm previous results, further studies on the abundance and expression of arsB and ACR3(1) in indigenous soil bacterial communities exposed to different levels of arsenic over various time periods have helped to gain a better understanding of how these genes contribute to the adaptation of the communities to arsenic stress and their role in shaping the community structure and diversity. On the other hand, metal transporting PIB-type ATPases are critical components of bacterial resistance to cadmium, zinc and lead. We therefore designed degenerate PCR primers targeting PIB-type ATPases and tested their specificity on reference strains, metal-resistant soil isolates and soil metagenomic DNA
Phanthavongsa, Phonethip. "Etude de deux modalités de phytomanagement testées sur un terrain de gestion de sédiments contaminés par des métaux et métalloïdes." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD055.
Phytomanagement is an emerging approach that includes plant biomass valorization for the management of polluted soils and sites. To evaluate the long-term performance of this strategy at field scale, two phytomanaged sites of 1 ha each (sites A and B) were implanted in Fresnes-sur-Escaut (Hauts-de-France) in 2011/2012 at a dredged-sediment disposal site contaminated with potentially toxic elements or PTE (Cd, Cu, Pb et Zn). The thesis work is based on the study of the two sites with the following objectives: (1) study the dynamics of selected plants (Deschampsia cespitosa, Skado and I-214 poplars, Tordis and Inger willows), colonizing plants and invaders, (2) study the efficiency of amendments (mycorrhizal fungi inoculum, basic mineral amendment) on sediment PTE mobility, on aerial plant parts PTE accumulation and on the microbial diversity in soils and tree roots.The efficiency of the grass D. cespitosa for phytomanagement at the site B has been highlighted. The plant was tolerant to the site conditions, had low concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb in shoots and formed a dense and perennial plant cover. At the site A, the herbaceous plant cover formed by plant colonists was heterogenous with a dominance of the species Urtica dioïca.In amended and non-amended plots, U. dioïca showed higher concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn than the same plants from uncontaminated soils. According to risk calculations based on Cd and Zn concentrations, there was no risk related to the ingestion of these herbaceous plants by herbivorous animals. Concerning poplars and willows dedicated to energy production, high Cd and Zn concentrations were found in their leaves regardless of the amendments. These leaves may pose a risk for herbivorous animals. Unlike poplars which were very tolerant to the site conditions, willows showed a reduction of growth and survival rate in the amended and non-amended plots sown with D. cespitosa, because of belowground competition with D. cespitosa. Ecotoxicological tests revealed that soil phytotoxicity was also responsible of the willow growth reduction. Besides, the biological and chemical amendments had no significant effect on PTE mobility and speciation in soils after 4 or 5 years of phytomanagement. Their effects on PTE transfers in plants varied depending on the species, levels of pollution and time. The study of microbial communities in tree roots revealed that the herbaceous cover and soil pollution had a significant impact on microbial composition whereas the amendments did not affect the microbial communities
Dzamitika, Simplice Arsène. "Transport et accumulation de médicaments à base de métaux ou métalloïdes dans des cellules cancéreuses et dans les parasites de type Leishmania." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132008.