Дисертації з теми "Métaux – Défauts – Simulation, Méthodes de"
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Kharouji, Houssam. "Modélisation micromécanique des défauts cristallins informée par simulation atomistique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0146.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis proposes a multiscale framework aimed at providing a continuous representation of the core structures of crystalline defects, such as dislocations and grain boundaries, as well as their elastic interactions and associated core energies, by combining atomistic and continuum mechanics approaches. The central idea of this study is to transform the atomic core structures of defects into continuous fields of dislocation densities, while preserving the essential atomistic details. The approach developed relies on a recent micromechanical model based on field dislocation mechanics, , which uses the Nye dislocation density tensor, derived from atomistic data, to reproduce the short and long-range mechanical fields associated with these defects. The method has been successfully applied to compact screw dislocations in tungsten, derived from extit{ab initio} simulations, as well as to grain boundaries in copper, simulated by molecular statics. This approach is capable of remarkably reproducing Burgers vectors and defect mechanical fields, demonstrating the lack of any significant loss of information at defect cores. It was possible to reproduce grain boundaries of any misorientation angle using an equivalent density of dislocations, while capturing the continuous elastic fields. Furthermore, this study enables to integrate elastic fields and dislocation densities into Nye tensor-based energy functionals, typically used within strain gradient plasticity models, in order to assess their respective contribution to the total energy of grain boundaries. We analyzed and discussed the relevant forms of energy functionals, explored the physical origin of the internal length parameter inherent to these functionals, and its dependence on grain boundary types, atomistic structures, and spatial resolution scale. This formulation enables to establish correlations between grain boundary atomistic structures and core energies, providing new insights into the understanding and modeling of crystal defects in polycrystalline materials
Landon, Yann. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité d'usinage en fraisage 3 axes sur machines-outils à commande numérique par la mise en place d'un compagnon virtuel." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30150.
Повний текст джерелаLiang, Liang. "Simulation ab initio des défauts étendus du Ti & en présence d'interstitiels H et O." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX009/document.
Повний текст джерелаABSTRACT: The aim of this thesis is to study the influence of hydrogen or oxygen solutes on extended defects in alpha titanium by ab initio calculation. Results are divided into three parts. In a first part the octahedral interstitial site of alpha-Ti is found energetically more favorable for a H or an O atom. The presence of H increases the volume while O has the opposite effect. The presence of H slightly decreases the elastic constants of alpha-Ti while O has an opposite effect. In a second part two new SFs are found: 0.57·(c+a) on π2 and 0.215·[1-102] on π1 plane. The second one is related to the low formation energy of the {10-11} twin boundary. A c+a screw dislocation 3-part dissociation mechanism is proposed. However the c+a screw core tends to spread differently according to the initial core position and a complete 3-part dissociation is not found, which may mean that such a dissociation is not easily obtainable from an initially perfect dislocation core. As segregation to SF means a decrease of the SF energy, the presence of O may make the SF formation energetically more difficult, contrary to H case. H strongly segregates to the a screw dislocation core region with segregation energies varing from 0.06 to 0.3 eV while O hardly segregates to it. Both H and O in core sites change the meta-stable gliding prismatic dissociation to π1 plane or a prism-π1 plane mixed configuration. According to our measurements of Peierls energy barriers with H or O in different sites and concentrations, H makes the gliding more difficult, thus increasing the CRSS in prismatic plane, in agreement with experimental measurements. The effect of H is not big enough to induce a cross-slip of the gliding a-screw dislocation to the π1 plane and that screw will prefer to keep on gliding in its same prismatic plane. The Peierls energy barrier is extremely increased when an O is present in the core position, much higher than the barrier for π1 plane glide or a glide in the nearest prismatic plane. A cross-slip could happen in this case. In the last part, three different deformations are applied to TBs. Their structural stabilities depend not only on their intrinsic characters at the atomistic level but also on the deformation mode applied. {10-12}, {11-22} TB structures fail for deformations as low as 1% or 2% along the c-axis. The {11-21} and the {10-11} TBs are much more resistant. The presence of segregated H and O enhances the {10-12} and {11-22} TB limited stability. A twinning disconnection dipole model is proposed which allows the simulation of a TD in a size limited supercell. Segregation energy calculations with the {10-12} TB and its TD validate the model at the TB level and show that H and O should distribute more or less homogeneously to the TD core and the TB, with only a slight preference to the TD core although not at the interstitial sites of the atomic layer related to the disconnection step itself
Li, Yuming. "Simulation numérique de l’emboutissage de tôles minces par une approche pseudo-inverse avec prise en compte de l’endommagement." Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000751.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis has been carried out in the labaratory GMMS of Reims University, Champagne Ardenne. It was in the contract of the State-Region Plan « Simul-Endo » on sheet forming simulation using Inverse Approach and Pseudo-Inverse Approach by the FEM method. In the sheet forming process and more generally for mechanical pieces, the material is under grand irreversible deformation with the contact and the friction as well as the thermic transfer between the pieces and the tools. The grand (visco)- plastic deformations often generate the surfacic or volumic micro-defaults that develop then in the work-piece. The development of these defaults during the sheet forming causes the creation of the macroscopic crack that can be immediately visible or volumic and non-visible that make therefore the application dangerous. The numeric simulation of the sheet forming process must allow the engineer to anticipate the apparition possibility of the dammaged zone in the work-piece during the virtuel process. This will then allow to stop the numeric simulation (often expensive in terms of the computation time in 3D) and play on the technologic parameters of the process in order to obtain a good work-piece. The main objective of the present thesis is to applicate the theoric and numeric tools in the simulation of thin sheet forming in order to optimize the fabrication in considering the dammage
Ngayam, Happy Raoul. "Prévisions de l’évolution microstructurale sous irradiation d’alliages ferritiques par simulations numériques à l’échelle atomique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10173/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we have improved a diffusion model for point defects (vacancies and self-interstitials) by introducing hetero-interstitials. The model has been used to simulate by Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) the formation of solute rich clusters that are observed experimentally in irradiated ferritic model alloys of type Fe – CuMnNiSiP – C.Electronic structure calculations have been used to characterize the interactions between self-interstitials and all solute atoms, and also carbon. P interacts with vacancies and strongly with self-interstitials. Mn also interacts with self-interstitials to form mixed dumbbells. C, with occupies octahedral sites, interacts strongly with vacancies and less with self-interstitials. Binding and migration energies, as well as others atomic scale properties, obtained by ab initio calculations, have been used as parameters for the KMC code. Firstly, these parameters have been optimized over isochronal annealing experiments, in the literature, of binary alloys that have been electron-irradiated. Isochronal annealing simulations, by reproducing experimental results, have allowed us to link each mechanism to a single evolution of the resistivity during annealing. Moreover, solubility limits of all the elements have been determined by Metropolis Monte Carlo. Secondly, we have simulated the evolution at 300 °C of the microstructure under irradiation of different alloys of increasing complexity: pure Fe, binary alloys, ternaries, quaternaries, and finally complex alloys which compositions are close to those of pressure vessel steels. The results show that the model globally reproduces all the experimental tendencies, what has led us to propose mechanisms to explain the behaviours observed
Vincent, Edwige. "Simulations numériques à l'échelle atomique de l'évolution microstructurale sous irradiation d'alliages ferritiques." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Vincent.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRouchette, Hadrien. "Sink efficiency calculation of dislocations in irradiated materials by phase-field modelling." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to develop a modelling technique for diffusion of crystallographic migrating defects in irradiated metals and absorption by sinks to better predict the microstructural evolution in those materials.The phase field technique is well suited for this problem, since it naturally takes into account the elastic effects of dislocations on point defect diffusion in the most complex cases. The phase field model presented in this work has been adapted to simulate the generation of defects by irradiation and their absorption by the dislocation cores by means of a new order parameter associated to the sink morphology. The method has first been validated in different reference cases by comparing the sink strengths obtained numerically with analytical solutions available in the literature. Then, the method has been applied to dislocations with different orientations in zirconium, taking into account the anisotropic properties of the crystal and point defects, obtained by state-of-the-art atomic calculations.The results show that the shape anisotropy of the point defects promotes the vacancy absorption by basal loops, which is consistent with the experimentally observed zirconium growth under irradiation. Finally, the rigorous investigation of the dislocation loop case proves that phase field simulations give more accurate results than analytical solutions in realistic loop density ranges
Christiaen, Benjamin. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la déformation d’alliage de zirconium sous irradiation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R008/document.
Повний текст джерелаZirconium alloys are used to manufacture fuel cladding as well as fuel assemblies of pressurized water nuclear reactors. Under irradiation, they show a dimensional change commonly called growth. Experimental observations have shown that above a threshold dose, these alloys are subject to accelerated growth called "breakaway". It has been well established that the irradiation formation of and dislocation loops is directly responsible for the growth of irradiated zirconium alloys and that the appearance of loops is correlated with this growth acceleration. However, the nucleation mechanisms of the loops that seem to be influenced by the presence of alloying elements are still poorly understood. In order to improve our understanding, a multi-scale modelling approach has been used to simulate the evolution of zirconium microstructure under irradiation. Atomic-scale calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) and empirical potentials are used to determine the properties of clusters of point defects (dislocation loops, cavities, pyramids of stacking faults). The results obtained are then used as input parameters of an object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) code which allows us to simulate the microstructure evolution of the material under irradiation. Our results show that it is necessary to consider an anisotropic migration of the vacancies to predict the growth acceleration
Christiaen, Benjamin. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la déformation d’alliage de zirconium sous irradiation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR008.
Повний текст джерелаZirconium alloys are used to manufacture fuel cladding as well as fuel assemblies of pressurized water nuclear reactors. Under irradiation, they show a dimensional change commonly called growth. Experimental observations have shown that above a threshold dose, these alloys are subject to accelerated growth called "breakaway". It has been well established that the irradiation formation of and dislocation loops is directly responsible for the growth of irradiated zirconium alloys and that the appearance of loops is correlated with this growth acceleration. However, the nucleation mechanisms of the loops that seem to be influenced by the presence of alloying elements are still poorly understood. In order to improve our understanding, a multi-scale modelling approach has been used to simulate the evolution of zirconium microstructure under irradiation. Atomic-scale calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) and empirical potentials are used to determine the properties of clusters of point defects (dislocation loops, cavities, pyramids of stacking faults). The results obtained are then used as input parameters of an object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) code which allows us to simulate the microstructure evolution of the material under irradiation. Our results show that it is necessary to consider an anisotropic migration of the vacancies to predict the growth acceleration
Lafond, Fabien. "Hybrid functionals approach for the study of the properties of complex materials for photovoltaic applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0308.
Повний текст джерелаElectrical properties of semiconductors are strongly influenced by the types of dopants and defects inserted or formed during the synthesis of materials. In the field of photovoltaics, these defects leads to various metastabilities and can degrade the efficiency and durability of solar cells. In this context, ab-initio simulation methods, such as Hartree-Fock (HF) or the one implemented in the framework of density functional theory (DFT), are relevant to understand these behaviours and thus optimise the photovoltaic materials. However, a good qualitative and quantitative description of properties requires sophisticated but time consuming method like GW. An interesting alternative can be provided by hybrid functionals, which combine HF and DFT. Firstly, hybrid functionals were optimised in order to accurately described the band gap for different compounds by varying the percentage of HF exact-exchange in the exchange term of the PBE and PBEsol functionals from the GGA approximation of DFT. The materials investigated were Si, Ge, SiGe, III-V and chalcopyrites. Results obtained by this approach were confronted to the one from the literature. The description of the electronic properties matched the one from GW. Temperature evolution of various thermodynamic properties was calculated via the quasi-harmonic approximation. In this approximation and for the range of studied materials, optimised hybrid functionals do not bring an enhancement compared to existing functionals. Nevertheless, they bring a coherent description of the materials. Secondly, these optimised hybrid functionals were used to systematically describe the impact of chemical composition on chalcopyrite’s properties for tandem solar cells. First, they enable the determination the compositions, structural and electrical properties of CuGaxIn1-x(SySe1-y)2 for band gap specific to this kind of application. As alkali metals leads to major enhancement of chalcopyrite efficiency, the effect of their incorporation in chalcopyrite bulk was address. Highlight was put on the substitution of copper by Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs. Their impact on the band gap was interpreted via the structural evolution and the thermodynamique stability of the different crystallines phases that can exists within the material. Finally, H, Fe and B point defects in silicon were simulated for a preliminary study on the light and elevated temperature induced degradation which is one of the ageing process of the silicon solar cells
Multon, Stéphane. "Évaluation expérimentale et théorique des effets mécaniques de l'alcali-réaction sur des structures modèles." Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0181.
Повний текст джерелаA large scale experimental program has been carried out at the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC), with Electricité de France (EDF) as a partner, in order to validate methodologies of mechanical reassessment of real structures damaged by Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) and thus answer to the needs of owners of civil engineering structures (bridges, dams, pavements). The final aim is to improve calculation tools in order to determine the evolution of ASR affected structures. Major features of this study were to point out the water driving effect and the compressive stresses consequences on swellings due to ASR. Thus, the hydro-chemo-mechanical behaviour of six instrumented laboratory structures has been monitored during a two years experimentation. Three specific devices have been designed to achieve the numerous measurements, in order to evaluate water movements in concrete and structural behaviours of the six structures : -the weighing device allows to measure the mass variations of the 900 kg beams, with a 10 g accuracy, -the gammadensitometry equipment is used to determine the relative mass variations along the height of the beams, -specific stiffness vibrating wire sensors achieve deformation measurements in the beams. Other current or improved techniques have been also used in order to complement the characterisation of the behaviour of the beams, and to quantify chemo-mechanical data related to the two concrete mixtures during two years. This laboratory experimental survey has collected numerous results to document both moisture and chemo-mechanical deformations, which builds a useful data bank in order to validate models. At last, measurements have increased knowledge useful for expert evaluation of ASR-affected structures about : -mechanical properties evolution of concrete mixture damaged by ASR, -methodology of residual expansion tests, -effects of moisture gradient in ASR-damaged structures, -consequences of late water supply on ASR progress in structures already damaged, -range and time-evolution of ASR swellings under specific stress states, due to mechanical loads, reinforcement or various environmental conditions, and, at last, the effect of this chemical reaction on the mechanical strength of damaged structures
Razafindratsita, Heriniaina Roger. "Simulateur moléculaire : un outil de base pour le développement des procédés M.O.S. submicroniques." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30218.
Повний текст джерелаCavallera, Philippe. "Simulation de pannes temporelles dans les circuits séquentiels." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20043.
Повний текст джерелаRey, Benoit. "Méthode multigrilles pour les grandes déformations et simulation numérique du procédé de roulage." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1457.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the numerical simulation of the metal forging processes. It is connected to two principal themes: adapting the software Forge3® to the warm ring rolling forging process and reducing the time computation of the simulation. The first chapter describes the framework and the second part is dedicated to the study of the ring rolling process. Thanks to the introduction of a new definition of the floating dies within the software, it is then possible to compute precisely the particular tool kinematics. These improvements are confirmed by a direct comparison with experimental results. Then an identification work of the thermal parameters takes place. These parameters are validated by the study of two slightly different rings. The results are very encouraging; the simulation seems to predict well the inner die’s trajectory and also the temperature evolution of the outer die during a whole cycle production. These results are true for both of the different types of ring. The last part presents a new method for resolving linear system based on three-level multigrid algorithm. The multigrid solver is based on the PETSc library and an automatic mesh coarsening technique that helps obtaining node nested coarser meshes. A parametrical study is carried out in order to reach an optimized configuration of the solver. The linear rate of convergence of the method is numerically proved. We obtain substantial results on different forging cases with reduction of the linear system computation by a factor 6 for a 60000 nodes system. This corresponds to a division of the global time simulation by a factor 3
Li, Yifeng. "Développement d'outils de simulation numérique pour l'élastodynamique non linéaire : application à l'imagerie acoustique de défauts à l'aide de transducteur à cavité chaotique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578755.
Повний текст джерелаVanoverberghe, Laurent. "Anticipation des déformations lors du traitement thermique de pignons de boîte de vitesses." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004771.
Повний текст джерелаTwo main strategies exist to manufacture gears, depending the respective order of finishing and heat treatment. Renault mainly uses a process where heat treatment follows finishing. Due to this, gear tooth distortion can not be corrected after quenching and thus has to be analysed in detail. Regardless of these two strategies, production development can be divided in two phases : process set up and series production. Each phase has its own problem. For the first, it will be useful to know beforehand the distortion during heat treament and other steps. We present some current phenomenological models of heat treatment process. A list of input parameters is done. Next, the use of numerical simulation is examined. A good qualitative correlation is observed between numerical and experimental results. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of input data and the determination of boundary conditions, another methodology is proposed structured around a data base containing the deformations of all gears manufactured in the factories. This methodology is implemented in a software and used at all Renault locations. Once this set up is finished, the part enters into series production. A second problem occurs : the nominal process deviation. For example, slight material changes, variations in machining conditions, modifications of heat treatment and so on can be responsible for these deviations. We mainly focuse here on dimensional deviations but this method could be applied to other ones. When production is stopped, these deviations have to be rapidly identified. This is why we propose here the methodology fundamentals to recognise the deviation origin from the part deformation. A numerical basis of all the deviations is created by applying a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition on numerical simulations. The projection of the real part deformation on this basis can help us to identify the deviation origin and so reduce time needed to analyse the problem
Li, Yifeng. "Développement d’outils de simulation numérique pour l’élastodynamique non linéaire : application à l’imagerie acoustique de défauts à l’aide de transducteur à cavité chaotique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECLI0014/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis we propose the development of an innovative micro-damage imaging system based on a combination of Nonlinear Elastic Wave Spectroscopy techniques and “chaotic cavity transducer” concept. It consists of a combination of a PZT ceramic glued to a cavity of chaotic shape with the time reversal principle. The feasibility and capabilities of these new ideas is explored by numerical simulations, and optimal operational parameters for experimental implementation are suggested based on the modelling support. A large part of the research work conducted in this thesis is concentrated on the development of numerical simulation tools to help the improvement of such nonlinear imaging methods. A nodal Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method (DG-FEM) scheme is extended to nonlinear elasto-dynamic including source terms. A Perfectly Matched Layer absorbing boundary condition well adapted to the DG-FEM scheme, called Nearly Perfectly Matched Layer (NPML), is also developed. In the case of orthotropic material as stability problems appear, a mixture of NPML and sponge layer, with a controllable ratio of these two kinds of absorbing layers, is introduced. The experimental validation of “chaotic cavity transducer” to focalize in reverberant and non-reverberant solid media with only one source is made. Classical time reversal, inverse filter and 1 Bit time reversal process are discussed and compared. The experimental demonstration of the use of a “chaotic cavity transducer”, in combination with the pulse inversion and 1-bit methods, to obtain an image of localized nonlinearity is made. This opens the possibility for high resolution imaging of nonlinear defects
Serrano, Munoz Itziar. "Influence of casting defects on the fatigue behaviour of an A357-T6 aerospace alloy." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0117/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe excellent castability, relatively low production costs, and high strength to weight ratios make Al-Si-Mg cast alloys an attractive choice for use in cheaper and lighter engineering components, in both automotive and aerospace industries. However, it is well known that High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) lives (105 < Nf < 107 cycles) of cast components are severely reduced when casting defects (notably pores and oxides) are present at the free surface or subsurface. They act as stress raisers which can considerably reduce the crack incubation period depending on their size, shape and the microstructural features of the surrounding material. Internal casting defects are of special interest to this work. The application of safety coefficients considers that all casting defects present in a component have the same deleterious effect and no attention is paid, for example, to their distance to the free surface. In other words, internal defects (corresponding to the case where the depth of the defect allows crack nucleation and propagation to essentially occur without interaction with the air environment) are considered as damaging to fatigue life as surface defects (those placed at the free surface and in contact with the air environment). Surface crack monitoring performed on uniaxial fatigue specimens indicates that the presence of a surface microshrinkage exceeding the size of microstructurally small cracks (√A ≈ 500 μm, controlled by the SDAS) readily nucleates a fatigue cracks producing steady crack propagation and remarkable reduction in the expected fatigue life. A smaller surface defect (√A ≈ 300 μm) nucleated a crack that did not reduced the expected fatigue life as in this case early stages of propagation are still nfluenced by the SDAS. Pure torsional cycling reveals that the morphology of fracture surfaces is highly influenced by the stress level. In general, torsional fatigue behaviour is described by having reduced (with respect to uniaxial testing) and multisite crack nucleation periods. Several dominant cracks can evolve simultaneously and the final failure occurs by the linkage of some of those cracks. Crack propagation is controlled by the crystallography and pores do not appear to be preferential nucleation sites. S-N curves show that macroscopic specimens containing Øeq ≈ 2 mm internal artificial defect produce similar fatigue lives to those obtained with a defect-free material. Internal crack nucleation was rarely observed during synchrotron tomography experiments; instead the fatal cracks initiated from much smaller surface defects. Tomographic images show that, in the case of internal propagation, crystallographic paths are formed while surface cracks propagate in mode I. The crack growth rate of internal cracks is much smaller than that of cracks propagating from the free surface
Zanuttini, David. "Simulation des molécules de métaux alcalins M2+ immergées dans des agrégats de néon : Structures, propriétés spectroscopiques, dynamiques non-adiabatiques." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2053.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this thesis is to study the properties of M2+ alkali molecules embedded in neon clusters, by means of numerical simulations. We developped a comprehensive approach in which the electronic structure determination is reduced to a one-electron problem. The electron evolves in a potential modelled by semi-local core polarization potentials. Their parametrization was completed after we performed ab initio calculations of the potential energy curves of MNe and M+Ne dimers. We carry out a classical molecular dynamic, including a nonadiabatic coupling treatment, by means of a surface hopping algorithm. We found equilibrium geometries of the M2+Nen systems, up to the first solvation shell of the molecule. We deduced the static properties of these systems, investigating binding energies, equilibrium distances and optical absorption spectra. Then, we studied the dynamics of these systems, initially promoted to an excited state. We established that photofragmentation yield highly depends on the number of neon atoms and on electronic transition ordering. We observed a cage effect for M2+Nen systems for n>18. We also performed analysis of product fragment distribution, stabilized molecular states and electronic charge localization in asymmetrical systems
Haddi, Ahmed. "Analyse des défauts induits par irradiations ionisante et à effets de déplacement dans des structures MCT (MOS Controlled Thyristor) à partir de mesures électriques et par simulation." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Haddi.Ahmed.SMZ9930.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNarainen, Rodrigue. "Comparaison de trois méthodes de calcul pour la simulation de l'emboutissage de tôles axisymétriques." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD668.
Повний текст джерелаVo, Minh Toàn. "Assessment of heat pump operating faults coupled with building energy simulation using Petri net model." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03685404.
Повний текст джерелаHeat pumps give an efficient and sustainable solution for both heating and cooling. However, these systems sometimes operate with a lower efficiency, because of the faults. In this research, we focus on three operating faults : refrigerant leakage, condenser fouling, and evaporator fouling. They are the most frequent and most impacted operating faults. They evolve undetectably over time until they start to create the energy and comfort problems. We propose to develop a method to model these operating faults and to associate them with a building simulation model. In the first place, we developed physical models of an air-to-air residential heat pump in order to predict the coefficient of performance (COP/EER) of the heat pump, as a function of the use intensity, and operating fault. Then, a Petri net model was proposed to determine a priori structure of fault evolution. In the second step, we apply a notion of uncertainty of fault database to take into account different working cases and generalize the fault occurrence model. We associated it with the dynamic energy simulation tool COMETh, a building simulation model developed by CSTB, to simulate the annual energy consumption. This method helps us to analyze and determine the global uncertainty of fault impacts on the heat pump performance and on the whole energy consumption of the building. The method was applied to a case study of residential building in Paris over 15 years. With three heat pump operating faults, the building consumption remarkably increased from the third year. At the 15th year, the building consumption is double than the standard value. The results underline the possibility of the proposed methodology
Seguin, Jean-Philippe. "Simulation thermomécanique de structures en alliages à mémoire de forme par la méthode des points intérieurs." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0016.
Повний текст джерелаShape Memory Alloys (SMA) are materials on which mechanical behaviour depends of thermal solicitation. Thermomechanical coupling in models is necessary to understand better this kind of material. PhD thesis is concerned with the development of numerical tools for simulating thermomechanical evolutions of 3D SMA structures. In the approach that is presented, a crucial point consists in reformulating the incremental problem as a linear complementarity problem. This allows one to take advantage of interior point algorithms for solving the discretized evolutionary equations. Tests simulations with fixed temperature allowed to validate this approach. At least, others simulations have been made to study the influence of the thermomechanical coupling on the structural response
Manet, Anthony. "Etude de défauts non francs sur des câbles en vue du diagnostic." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1054/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe soft fault detection feature is certainly a very important aspect of wire health monitoring and an important process required in electrical wiring system operation. It has a great influence on the security and quality of supply. In transmission line networks, this feature is needed to provide a timely identification of the faulted line thus anticipating the appearance of severe faults that are initially caused by soft fault degradation. This work focuses on soft fault problems in electrical fault diagnosis and their weak impact on coaxial transmission lines. The objective of this work is to carry out a soft fault forward model: electromagnetic modeling and investigating the behavior of the line after soft damages and then to analyze its effects on their signatures obtained by reflectometry. It is proposed in this work to characterize the representative soft damages in real situations, which could be used later in solving the inverse problem: determining the position and severity of defects from the reflectometry response for the diagnosis. The proposed approach is based on the following steps: first, an electromagnetic characterization of a faulty region of a cable is carried out by electromagnetic modeling, by taking into account the three-dimensional geometry of defect. For this purpose, two numerical methods have been used: Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and a Discontinuous Galerkin. The simulation results allow to study the disruption initiated by the fault and to infer their influence on the signal propagation along the cable. The experimental validation provided in frequency- and time-domain allows to confront experimental measurements with simulation predictions. In a second step, electrical fault models are expressed in terms of lumped parameters R, L, C, and G, which can be used in a transmission line model. Such analysis of soft faults allows to relate low local variation of the physical and electrical characteristics of the line to a reflectometry signals variation and electrical parameters changes. The approach can provide useful information to characterize defects and can thus contribute to improve the performance of detection systems
Medjedoub, Farid. "Détermination des paramètres influant sur le phénomène d’endommagement par fatigue thermique des moules en fonderie sous pression d’aluminium." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://pastel.paristech.org/5348/01/ThesefaridMedjedoub.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD works deals with an investigation on the effect of the maximum temperature (500-685°C) and the heating rate (1. 2-6. 5s) of the thermal cycle on thermal fatigue behaviour heat checking and cracking of X38CrMoV5. The s-e-T-t cycles are calculated by Abaqus using thermoelastoplastic constitutive laws. The dummy carefully instrumented specimen with several thermocouples (Type K) was used to measure the time-temperature cycles and different locations under various test conditions. These measurements were used in FEM simulations. These curves were used to optimise the transient thermal gradients calculated by Abaqus. A new approach based on normalisation of the thermomechanical characteristics of materials and the thermal cycle is used to estimate the initial heat-flux densities to be imposed on the surface of the specimen. It is observed that the oxidation plays an important role in the formation of the heat-checking and also in macroscopic cracking. It is observed that the heat-checking density presents a sigmodal variation as a function of the Ncycles. The maximum heat-checking density is independent the Tmax of thermal cycles, while is very much dependent on the heating rate. The heating checking density increases when hating rate increases. It is found that the heat-checking density is changes in as a linear function of the heat flux density. A simplified calculation has shown that the difference in heat-checking density can be explained by the difference in the thermomechanical strain of the oxide scale and the bulk steel. It is also shown that the heat-checking pattern changes as a function of the local stresses
Derème, Tristan. "Test en tension des courts-circuits en technologie CMOS." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20032.
Повний текст джерелаFagot, Christophe. "Méthodes et algorithmes pour le test intégré de circuits VLSI combinatoires." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20003.
Повний текст джерелаRouyer, Philippe. "Spéciation et élimination des métaux lourds dans les résidus de digestion anaérobie des déchets urbains." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20241.
Повний текст джерелаKwon, Jaeyoung. "Origine et nature des composés intermétalliques métastables engendrés par les procédés thermomécaniques d'assemblage entre métaux : cas du broyage du système Al-Cu." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10139.
Повний текст джерелаThe γ1−Al4Cu9 compound is often observed at Al rich composition, as the main product by mechanical alloying (MA). To understand the conditions and the persistence of γ1−Al4Cu9 at Al rich composition, Al−25 at.% Cu mixtures were milled and investigated by various characterization methods. This experimental study confirms the preferential formation of γ1. In an effort to elucidate this surprising feature, first-principles DFT calculations were performed for bulk and point defect enthalpies in γ1−Al4Cu9. Based on the independent-point-defect-approximation (IPDA) and statistical thermodynamics, the concentrations of the various antisites, vacancies and interstitials were obtained as functions of temperature and deviation from stoichiometry, together with the free energy of γ1−Al4Cu9. These first-principles DFT calculations results revealed that the off−stoichiometry behavior of γ1−Al4Cu9 may provide a plausible explanation for its unusual stability. In a second step, the validity of IPDA and point defect interactions were investigated by (i) Monte-Carlo simulations with empirical potentials for Al−Cu, (ii) ab initio simulations of complex point defects in Al-rich off-stoichiometric γ1 compounds. The last step of this study on the formation of γ1−Al4Cu9 was concerned with the possibility of athermal mechanisms, investigated by first-principles DFT calculations and an original (M2BCE) cluster expansion approach including a reciprocal-space treatment. In conclusion, this study brings significant elements to interpret the preferential formation of complex γ1−Al4Cu9 phases in various a priori unfavourable environments. It evidences key-results regarding the origin and nature of metastable phases produced by MA in Al−Cu
Montaner, Denis. "Investigations optiques submicroniques par microscopie à saut de phase et par microscopie à glissement de franges (nanoscopie) des défauts dans les couches minces et les dispositifs microélectroniques." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20120.
Повний текст джерелаComte, François. "Tenue à la fatigue des culasses : modélisation du traitement thermique et développement de nouvelles méthodes numériques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002588.
Повний текст джерелаAlexander, Rebecca. "Energy landscape of defects in body-centered cubic metals." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX072/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe structural materials in nuclear reactors are subjected to severe irradiation conditions,leading to changes in their mechanical properties. The aging of these materials raises important issuessuch as those related to the safety of existing plants and future reactors. In many cases, materials withbody-centered cubic bcc crystal structure are used with iron, tungsten, vanadium and tantalum as basemetal. Collisions between irradiating particles and atoms constituting materials generate point defectswhose migration leads to the formation of clusters responsible for aging. In this thesis, we studied theenergetic properties of point defects in the bcc metals mentioned above at the atomic scale. Modelingpoint defects at the atomic scale can be achieved with different methods that differ only in the quality ofthe description of the interaction between atoms. Studies using accurate atomic interactions such ab initiocalculations are computationally costly making it impossible to directly study clusters of large sizes. Themodeling of atomic interactions using semi-empirical potentials reduces the reliability of predictivecalculations but allow calculations for large-sized clusters. In this thesis we have developed a uniqueenergy model for dislocation loops as well as for three-dimensional interstitial cluster of type C15. Theresulting model has no size limit and can be set entirely by ab initio calculations. To test its robustness forlarge sizes of clusters we also set this model with semi-empirical potentials calculations and comparedthe predictions of the model to atomic simulations. With our development we have determined: (i) Therelative stability of interstitial dislocation loops according to their Burgers vectors. (ii) The stability of theclusters C15 compared to the type of cluster loop. We showed that the C15 type clusters are more stablewhen they involve less than 41 interstitials in iron. (iii) In Ta we were able to show the same stability till20 interstitials. The experiments involving iron show that depending on the irradiation temperature,highly mobile dislocation loops of Burgers vector ½ <111> or loops with Burgers vector <100> areformed. Considering formation mechanisms under irradiation as a function of temperature, formation ofthe <100>-type clusters lacked an acceptable theoretical explanation for about 50 years. In this thesis, theaccuracy of our energy model enabled validation of several theories proposed in the last 50 years. Inparticular we have shown that the formation of loops <100> at high temperatures can be formed fromC15 clusters which may be created directly in the irradiation process. These clusters are immobile andcan grow. Beyond a certain size, the C15 clusters dissociate into loops ½ <111> or <100>. We haveextended our model to free energy calculation of defect formation allowing for finite temperaturepredictions which is further compared to atomic simulations. The laws established in this thesis using ourmodel to calculate the free energy of formation of the cluster size functions were then used in a clusterdynamics simulation. On comparison with experiments involving post-irradiation Oswald ripening in asample of iron exposed to an atmosphere of helium, our energy model showed significant improvementsover older energy laws, such as the capillary law widely-used in multiscale computation cluster dynamicsor Monte Carlo kinetics. We conclude that the new laws established from our calculations are essential topredict the concentration of dislocation loop under irradiation, depending on their sizes. The success ofsuch an approach encourages extension of a similar study in more complex materials
Ben, Kaddour Najat. "Propriétés thermodynamiques et non-stoechiométrie du composé YBa2Cu3O7-x." Tours, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOUR4004.
Повний текст джерелаPhilippe, Sabine. "Développement d'une formulation Arbitrairement Lagrangienne Eulérienne (ALE) pour la simulation tridimensionnelle du laminage de produits plats." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431051.
Повний текст джерелаD'Amico, Miriam. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation des explosions hybrides solides/solides : application au cas des mélanges de poussières graphite/métaux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0256/document.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the decommissioning operations of the UNGG (Natural Uranium Graphite Gas) nuclear plants, the occurrence of undesirable phenomena, such as dust ignition and explosion, cannot be systematically neglected. In particular, graphite powders, pure or mixed with metals impurities present on the sites, such as magnesium or iron, can represent a potential risk that needs to be further evaluated. This work falls within this context and has two main objectives: the experimental evaluation of the explosion severity and its modeling. 1. The experimental evaluation of the explosivity of such a powders has been carried out both in terms of ignition sensitivity, of dust layer and cloud, and explosion severity. Actually, explosive characteristics of a dust or of a mixture are strongly influenced by several parameters. They depend on the one side on the operating conditions, such as turbulence, temperature and energy of the ignition source, and on the other side, of course, on the materials physicochemical properties and composition. This study focuses on pure micronized powders of graphite, magnesium, and iron and on their mixtures, in a concentration range of industrial interest. It has been demonstrated that the introduction of metals can change, first of all, the rate limiting step of the graphite combustion. Therefore, the kinetic phenomena controlling the graphite oxidation have been distinguished from those of metals (oxygen diffusion or metal vaporization). Secondly, the flame can be thickened by the presence of the radiation during the metal combustion, while this phenomenon is negligible for pure graphite. Finally, the initial turbulence of the dust cloud can be modified by adding a second powder because of the different granulometric characteristics and density. A parametric study was conducted to evaluate the mixtures explosivity taking into account the effects of the relative humidity, the particle size distribution of the powders, the power of the ignition source, the initial turbulence and the composition of the mixture. In order to do this, we used both conventional devices and technologies, such as 20-liters explosion sphere, the particles image velocimetry and the thermogravimetry, but also new facilities dedicated to the characterization of the transient turbulent flow during the dispersion of the powders in the explosion sphere and to study the propagation of a semi-confined flame. It was clearly demonstrated that the addition of metals influences the ability to ignite the dust cloud. The minimum ignition energy and temperature greatly decrease when magnesium powder is added to graphite dust; this phenomenon is less remarkable for iron particles. In addition, the severity of the explosion increases with such an addition. This promotion effect is particularly significant on the combustion kinetics. 2. The modeling of the explosive phenomenon has been performed using numerical simulations in order to estimate a laminar flame propagation velocity and to study the effects induced by specific factors of industrial interest, such as the particle size or the powder concentration. The interest in determining a laminar flame velocity is its pseudo-intrinsic character. Once known the turbulent characteristics of a complex industrial environment, this parameter gives the opportunity to obtain a turbulent flame propagation velocity in a real environment and, therefore, to estimate the effects of a potential explosion. Experimental results were used to validate the numerical model developed during this work
Bui, Minh Hien. "Identification et simulation des incertitudes de fabrication." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697204.
Повний текст джерелаPicciani, Massimiliano. "Rare events in many-body systems : reactive paths and reaction constants for structural transitions." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00706510.
Повний текст джерелаLilensten, Lola. "Etudes structurale et mécanique d'alliages réfractaires de haute entropie de configuration." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1132.
Повний текст джерелаHigh entropy alloys (HEA) are a new promising type of materials. Breaking with the traditional alloying concepts, solid solution(s) based on 5 elements in equiatomic concentration with simple crystal structures are obtained. In this study, the equiatomic composition TiZrNbHfTa is investigated, in order to provide an in-depth characterization of a “reference” body centered cubic refractory HEA.First, the microstructure and structure of the alloy are studied. Thermomechanical treatments procedures are established to access recrystallized microstructures. The local environment is studied by EXAFS in sub-components of the TiZrNbHfTa system. The double approach used, based on EXAFS fit and reverse Monte-Carlo coupled with evolutionary algorithm allowed to quantify both the mixing of the elements at the atomic scale and the lattice distortion. For all the investigated compositions, good mixing is achieved, and the distance distribution of first nearest neighbors becomes less precise with increasing atomic size mismatch.Then, the impact of such concentrated multi-element solid solution on the mechanical properties and the deformation mechanism of the material is investigated by specific tests. The activation volumes and the flow stress partition are extracted. The mechanical results are coupled with a TEM study. This part evidences that the alloy displays an impressive yield strength. However, the high lattice friction controlling the dislocation glide does not differ from classical bcc structures, leading to a rather low work hardening. A new design approach aiming at increasing the work-hardening in such materials is finally proposed, and a proof of concept is given
Welter, Loïc. "Contribution à l'amélioration de l'observabilité et de la reproductibilité des défauts dans les dispositifs semi-conducteurs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4776.
Повний текст джерелаRecurrent defects appearing in specific contexts have a significant impact on nanoscale technology nodes manufacturing process yield. Therefore, a new in-situ process monitoring method is developed to improve the overall performance of the production tool. It is complementary to classical failure analysis techniques, especially when a yield crisis occurs. The idea is to transform a production circuit into a test vehicle by reusing its components. The circuit loses its original functionality in favor of process monitoring functions, carried out only with standard cells widely available in circuits. This transformation, called "topological exchange" involves modifying some levels of metallization and requires the creation of a particular design flow, based on Engineering Change Order (ECO) techniques. As several functions must be able to cohabit on the same vehicle, a multiplexing system is evaluated. Feasibility is shown through a test circuit designed analogously to a production circuit. It is transformed for the example into an integrated dielectric thickness control system
Rasheed, Amer. "Solidification Dendritique de Mélanges Binaires de Métaux sous l'Action de Champs Magnétique: Modélisation, Analyse Mathématique et Numérique." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565743.
Повний текст джерелаCeban, Andrian. "Méthode globale de diagnostic des machines électriques." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0202/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe work described in this thesis proposes new procedures to diagnose faults in AC machines. The diagnostic procedures described are reliable, original, inexpensive and simple to implement. They have the advantage of being noninvasive and just get rid from the main drawback presented by other diagnostic methods based on a comparison with a healthy state assumed to be known. The analysis focuses on the magnetic field dispersion in the vicinity of the machine, especially its radial an axial distribution which presents different sensitivity according to various faults. To this end, the phenomena due to inter-turn short-circuit faults in the stator winding, rotor eccentricity and broken rotor bars, are studied in the case of an induction machine and a synchronous machine. For each fault, specific signatures are identified and justified by analytical modeling and numerical method of analysis including coupled electric circuit and finite element methods. Defects have been created in the rotor and stator on different machines in order to validate experimentally the suggested diagnostic procedures
Terrier, Pierre. "Algorithmes stochastiques pour simuler l'évolution microstructurale d'alliages ferritiques : une étude de la dynamique d'amas." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1135/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe study ageing of materials at a microstructural level. In particular, defects such as vacancies, interstitials and solute atoms are described by a model called Cluster Dynamics (CD), which characterize the evolution of the concentrations of such defects, on period of times as long as decades. CD is a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which might contain up to hundred of billions of equations. Therefore, classical methods used for solving system of ODEs are not suited in term of efficiency. We first show that CD is well-posed and that physical properties such as the conservation of matter and the preservation of the sign of the solution are verified. We also study an approximation of CD, namely the Fokker--Planck approximation, which is a partial differential equation. We quantify the error between CD and its approximation. We then introduce an algorithm for simulating CD. The algorithm is based on a splitting of the dynamics and couples a deterministic and a stochastic approach of CD. The stochastic approach interprets directly CD as a jump process or its approximation as a Langevin process. The aim is to reduce the number of equations to solve, hence reducing the computation time. We finally apply this algorithm to physical models. The interest of this approach is validated on complex models. Moreover, we show that CD can be efficiently improved thanks to the versatility of the algorithm
Idrissi, Imane. "Contribution au Diagnotic des Défauts de la Machine Asynchrone Doublement Alimentée de l'Eolienne à Vitesse Variable." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR033/document.
Повний текст джерелаActually, the Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) are omnipresent in the wind power market, owing to their construction simplicity, their low purchase cost and their mechanical robustness. However, as any other electrical machine, these generators are subject to defects of different order (electrical, mechanical, electromagnetic ...) or of different type (sensor, actuator or system). That’s why, it is important to design an effective diagnostic approach, able to early detect, locate and identify any defect or abnormal behavior, which could undermine the healthy operation of this machine On the one hand, motivated by the observer-based fault diagnosis methods strengths, we proposed, in this thesis, a diagnostic approach for the faults detection, localization and identification of the DFIG used in variable speed wind turbine. This approach is based on the use of the efficient and widely used Kalman observers. The state estimation errors of the linear Kalman filter and the non-linear Kalman filters, named: The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) are used as faults sensitive residuals. In order to avoid false alarms and to decouple faults from disturbances and noises, the faults detection is carried out by the analysis of the residuals generated, by the mean of statistical tests such as: Hinkley Page Test (PH) and DCS Test (Dynamic) Cumulative Sum). For the localization step in case of multiple and simultaneous faults, the Dedicated Observer scheme (DOS) and the Generalized Observer scheme (GOS) are applied. In addition, the fault level is determined in the fault identification step. Sensor faults, actuator and system faults of DFIG, are treated in this research work. On the other hand, a comparative study between the three Kalman observers proposed is performed. The comparison was done in terms of (1) the computation time, (2) the estimation accuracy, and (3) the convergence speed
Durinck, Julien. "Modélisation de la plasticité de la forsterite par calculs à l'échelle atomique et par dynamique des dislocations." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9fd43a9a-26ef-450b-93e3-5ad8c43033b0.
Повний текст джерелаVu, Anh Quang. "Etude des mécanismes de corrosion - cicatrisation d'aciers revêtus par des alliages d'aluminium : sur tranche et en zone confinée : approche expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS062/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work was to study the self healing mechanisms of aluminium based alloy coated steels on cut-edge specimens in confined condition. In situ chemical and electrochemical probe techniques have been used to study the behaviour of two types of sacrificial coatings: one is consisting on an Al alloy containing 55% of Zn (Aluzinc) and the other one contains about 11% of Silicon (Alusi). The results showed that the aluminium based coatings have a sacrificial behaviour which depends strongly on their composition and on the environment concerned. In a corrosive environment containing chlorides it is easier to initiate and / or stabilize the sacrificial behaviour. This is clearly illustrated by the behaviour of the Alusi coating which remains passive in a neutral sulphate solution and therefore does not protect the steel. On the opposite, for 55% Al-Zn coatings, a very stable sacrificial effect has been demonstrated in chloride medium (steel is cathodically protected) which is confirmed in sulphate medium but only for short periods of immersion (t <1 h). An experimental setup allowing pH measurements inside a confined volume representing a lapped joint was designed. The pH evolution over steel and galvanized steel surfaces in confined conditions was monitored. This experimental pH was compared with that calculated using a two-dimensional transport-reaction model only in the case of a confined iron surface. The difference between the experimental and calculated pH in the steady state was attributed to the limitation of the modelling approach, more especially concerning solid phases precipitation inside the cavity
Mercier, Fabien. "Cinq essais dans le domaine monétaire, bancaire et financier." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020065.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis studies various themes that are central to modern finance : economic agents rationality and behavioural biases with respect to nominal values, the problem of asset fundamental valuation, the changing landscape of the European post-trade industry catalysed by the Eurosystem project Target 2 Securities, and models of defaults and methods to estimate defaults cycles for a given sector. Techniques employed vary: studies on individual data,econometrics, game theory, graph theory, Monte-Carlo simulations and hidden Markov chains. Concerning monetary illusion, results confirm those of previous study while emphasizing new areas for investigation concerning the interplay of individual characteristics, such as university education, and money illusion. The study of the Fed model shows that the long term relationship assumed between nominal government bond yield and dividend yield is neither robust, nor useful for reduced time horizons. The default model based on hidden Markov chains estimation gives satisfactory results in a European context, and this besides the relative scarcity of data used for its calibration
Makhlouf, Sandy. "Modélisation et simulation de la structure électronique de petites molécules environnementales : Un exemple : les halogénures et monoxydes de Lanthanides (Ce et Lu)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR042.
Повний текст джерелаOur research work focuses on the theoretical investigation of the electronic structure of environmental diatomic molecules such as the cerium and the lutetium monoxides (CeO and LuO), the cerium monofluoride (CeF) and the zirconium monosulfide (ZrS). For these studies, we used ab initio quantum chemistry methods which encompass the Hartree-Fock methods, the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method and the multi-reference configuration interaction methods (ICMR) with single and double excitation. The MOLPRO software package is used to perform the calculations with and without the inclusion of the spin-orbit coupling. The Davidson's correction is considered and the calculations are elaborated in the C2v symmetry. For each molecule, corresponding atomic basis functions are adopted and theoretical models are tested. As result, the potential energy curves are plotted and then fitted to the Morse potential in order to determine the spectroscopic constants (the equilibrium electronic energy Te, the equilibrium internuclear distance Re, the harmonic ωe and anharmonic ωe vibrational constants and the rotational constant Be) of the electronic states 2S+1Lambda+/- and the respective Omega+/- components. The transition and permanent dipole moments are estimated for the Lambda+/- states. The Omega+/- components and the mixing percentages that provide the parental states Lambda+/- are obtained from the ICMRSD(+Q) calculations including the spin-orbit coupling.Our results with and without taking into consideration the spin-orbit effect are very satisfactory. They are compared with the experimental data and show good agreement and in general the relative error is found of less than 6% for all the spectroscopic constants of the studied molecules
Brenet, Gilles. "Simulations multi-échelles de la cinétique dans les matériaux pour l'énergie : le silicium solaire et les composés d'intercalation pour les batteries lithium-ions." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY028/document.
Повний текст джерелаEnergy production and storage is a big challenge in our society. The properties of some materials are mainly due to the defects therein. To improve the materials we use, it is necessary to be able to model them. This work focuses on the study of various defects in both materials, silicon and lithium graphite. Through the multi-scale simulation, we model the defects and their kinetics in order to predict their formation but also aging.The first part focuses on the various methods we used. These methods are divided into three categories, each providing access to a simulation scale. By starting on electronic models with textit{ab initio} simulations, we were able to simulate defects behavior with atomistic simulations using stochastic algorithm. These results then led to macroscopic models, in order to compare our simulations with the experimental results.The second part develops our analysis of point defects in silicon: carbon, oxygen, vacancies and interstitials. These defects gather and form complexes in the irradiated silicon. By analyzing the behavior of these complexes at the atomic scale, we could build a model to simulate the kinetics of multiple defects, and the reaction chain, over several decades. Thus, it is possible to determine the conditions for greater control of the formation and aging of various complexes.The last part presents the analysis of lithium graphite. This component of lithium-ion batteries is made of graphite in which lithium atoms intercalate during charging. The kinetics of the charging predicts the grouping of lithium atoms in islands, which move during charging. The lithium atoms diffusion from the edges of the electrode towards the center of the graphite is also analyzed
Wang, Yimi. "Modélisation atomique des propriétés thermodynamiques, de la diffusion et de la mise en ordre dans les alliages Fe-Ni." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CLIL0036.
Повний текст джерелаWe present an atomic-scale modeling of thermodynamic properties, diffusion and ordering kinetics in iron-nickel alloys of face-centered cubic structure. The model uses pair interactions that depend on temperature and local composition. These pair interactions are fitted to ab initio calculations at 0 K, and to experimental data at non-zero temperatures. The phase diagram of the system is constructed and compared to the experimental phase diagram. All known experimental diffusion coefficients are well reproduced: self-diffusion, impurity diffusion coefficients in dilute alloys, tracer and interdiffusion coefficients in concentrated alloys. The ordering kinetics in the FeNi3 alloy are studied and compared to available experiments. A good agreement is obtained for the evolution of the long-range order parameter and for the evolution of the size of the ordered domains
Foadian, Farzad. "Precision tube production : influencing the eccentricity, residual stresses and texture developments : experiments and multiscale simulation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main and foremost aim of this work was to optimize the standard tube drawing process in a way that the eccentricity can be controlled, which can be the reduction or increase of eccentricity. For this reason, tilting and/or shifting was introduced to the die and/or tube, respectively. Different tubes of varied materials, such as copper, aluminum, brass, and steel with different dimensions were investigated by various tilting angles, shifting values, or combination of tilting and shifting and their effect on the eccentricity was analyzed. Along influencing and controlling the eccentricity, the evolution of the residual stresses and texture due to the introduced tilting and /or shifting were investigated. The other aim of this work was to develop a universal FEM model, which can get the required or desired input parameters, which can be material-related or process related or both, and perform the simulation of the user-defined metal forming process and therewith analyze more complex situations. In this regard, a simulation model was developed using a multiscale simulation method with Integrated Computational Material Engineering approach