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Статті в журналах з теми "Métaux – Défauts – Simulation, Méthodes de"
Lemiale, Vincent, Jérôme Chambert, Abdelhamid Touache, and Philippe Picart. "Méthodes numériques de propagation de fissures appliquées au découpage des métaux." European Journal of Computational Mechanics 16, no. 6-7 (January 2007): 889–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/remn.16.889-911.
Повний текст джерелаDroz, Christophe. "Modèles haute résolution pour l’analyse dynamique ultra-rapide des structures à géométrie périodique." e-journal of nondestructive testing 28, no. 9 (September 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.58286/28508.
Повний текст джерелаFoucher, Fabrice, Sébastien Lonné, Philippe Dubois, Stéphane Leberre, Pierre Calmon, Michael Enright, and Yasin Zaman. "Apports d’une cosimulation “END – Tolérance aux dommages” dans la réduction des risques de rupture." e-journal of nondestructive testing 28, no. 9 (September 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.58286/28527.
Повний текст джерелаMaulin, Maëva, Nicolas Estre, David Tisseur, Grégoire Kessedjian, Alix Sardet, Emmanuel Payan, and Daniel Eck. "Défloutage de projections tomographiques industrielles hautes énergies à l’aide d’un réseau de neurones convolutifs." e-journal of nondestructive testing 28, no. 9 (September 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.58286/28481.
Повний текст джерелаDorval, Vincent, Nicolas Leymarie, Alexandre Imperiale, Edouard Demaldent, Zakaria Aghenzour, and Pierre-Emile Lhuillier. "Simulations numériques à l'échelle de microstructures hétérogènes pour déterminer des propriétés effectives de propagation ultrasonore." e-journal of nondestructive testing 28, no. 9 (September 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.58286/28514.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Métaux – Défauts – Simulation, Méthodes de"
Kharouji, Houssam. "Modélisation micromécanique des défauts cristallins informée par simulation atomistique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0146.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis proposes a multiscale framework aimed at providing a continuous representation of the core structures of crystalline defects, such as dislocations and grain boundaries, as well as their elastic interactions and associated core energies, by combining atomistic and continuum mechanics approaches. The central idea of this study is to transform the atomic core structures of defects into continuous fields of dislocation densities, while preserving the essential atomistic details. The approach developed relies on a recent micromechanical model based on field dislocation mechanics, , which uses the Nye dislocation density tensor, derived from atomistic data, to reproduce the short and long-range mechanical fields associated with these defects. The method has been successfully applied to compact screw dislocations in tungsten, derived from extit{ab initio} simulations, as well as to grain boundaries in copper, simulated by molecular statics. This approach is capable of remarkably reproducing Burgers vectors and defect mechanical fields, demonstrating the lack of any significant loss of information at defect cores. It was possible to reproduce grain boundaries of any misorientation angle using an equivalent density of dislocations, while capturing the continuous elastic fields. Furthermore, this study enables to integrate elastic fields and dislocation densities into Nye tensor-based energy functionals, typically used within strain gradient plasticity models, in order to assess their respective contribution to the total energy of grain boundaries. We analyzed and discussed the relevant forms of energy functionals, explored the physical origin of the internal length parameter inherent to these functionals, and its dependence on grain boundary types, atomistic structures, and spatial resolution scale. This formulation enables to establish correlations between grain boundary atomistic structures and core energies, providing new insights into the understanding and modeling of crystal defects in polycrystalline materials
Landon, Yann. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité d'usinage en fraisage 3 axes sur machines-outils à commande numérique par la mise en place d'un compagnon virtuel." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30150.
Повний текст джерелаLiang, Liang. "Simulation ab initio des défauts étendus du Ti & en présence d'interstitiels H et O." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX009/document.
Повний текст джерелаABSTRACT: The aim of this thesis is to study the influence of hydrogen or oxygen solutes on extended defects in alpha titanium by ab initio calculation. Results are divided into three parts. In a first part the octahedral interstitial site of alpha-Ti is found energetically more favorable for a H or an O atom. The presence of H increases the volume while O has the opposite effect. The presence of H slightly decreases the elastic constants of alpha-Ti while O has an opposite effect. In a second part two new SFs are found: 0.57·(c+a) on π2 and 0.215·[1-102] on π1 plane. The second one is related to the low formation energy of the {10-11} twin boundary. A c+a screw dislocation 3-part dissociation mechanism is proposed. However the c+a screw core tends to spread differently according to the initial core position and a complete 3-part dissociation is not found, which may mean that such a dissociation is not easily obtainable from an initially perfect dislocation core. As segregation to SF means a decrease of the SF energy, the presence of O may make the SF formation energetically more difficult, contrary to H case. H strongly segregates to the a screw dislocation core region with segregation energies varing from 0.06 to 0.3 eV while O hardly segregates to it. Both H and O in core sites change the meta-stable gliding prismatic dissociation to π1 plane or a prism-π1 plane mixed configuration. According to our measurements of Peierls energy barriers with H or O in different sites and concentrations, H makes the gliding more difficult, thus increasing the CRSS in prismatic plane, in agreement with experimental measurements. The effect of H is not big enough to induce a cross-slip of the gliding a-screw dislocation to the π1 plane and that screw will prefer to keep on gliding in its same prismatic plane. The Peierls energy barrier is extremely increased when an O is present in the core position, much higher than the barrier for π1 plane glide or a glide in the nearest prismatic plane. A cross-slip could happen in this case. In the last part, three different deformations are applied to TBs. Their structural stabilities depend not only on their intrinsic characters at the atomistic level but also on the deformation mode applied. {10-12}, {11-22} TB structures fail for deformations as low as 1% or 2% along the c-axis. The {11-21} and the {10-11} TBs are much more resistant. The presence of segregated H and O enhances the {10-12} and {11-22} TB limited stability. A twinning disconnection dipole model is proposed which allows the simulation of a TD in a size limited supercell. Segregation energy calculations with the {10-12} TB and its TD validate the model at the TB level and show that H and O should distribute more or less homogeneously to the TD core and the TB, with only a slight preference to the TD core although not at the interstitial sites of the atomic layer related to the disconnection step itself
Li, Yuming. "Simulation numérique de l’emboutissage de tôles minces par une approche pseudo-inverse avec prise en compte de l’endommagement." Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000751.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis has been carried out in the labaratory GMMS of Reims University, Champagne Ardenne. It was in the contract of the State-Region Plan « Simul-Endo » on sheet forming simulation using Inverse Approach and Pseudo-Inverse Approach by the FEM method. In the sheet forming process and more generally for mechanical pieces, the material is under grand irreversible deformation with the contact and the friction as well as the thermic transfer between the pieces and the tools. The grand (visco)- plastic deformations often generate the surfacic or volumic micro-defaults that develop then in the work-piece. The development of these defaults during the sheet forming causes the creation of the macroscopic crack that can be immediately visible or volumic and non-visible that make therefore the application dangerous. The numeric simulation of the sheet forming process must allow the engineer to anticipate the apparition possibility of the dammaged zone in the work-piece during the virtuel process. This will then allow to stop the numeric simulation (often expensive in terms of the computation time in 3D) and play on the technologic parameters of the process in order to obtain a good work-piece. The main objective of the present thesis is to applicate the theoric and numeric tools in the simulation of thin sheet forming in order to optimize the fabrication in considering the dammage
Ngayam, Happy Raoul. "Prévisions de l’évolution microstructurale sous irradiation d’alliages ferritiques par simulations numériques à l’échelle atomique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10173/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we have improved a diffusion model for point defects (vacancies and self-interstitials) by introducing hetero-interstitials. The model has been used to simulate by Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) the formation of solute rich clusters that are observed experimentally in irradiated ferritic model alloys of type Fe – CuMnNiSiP – C.Electronic structure calculations have been used to characterize the interactions between self-interstitials and all solute atoms, and also carbon. P interacts with vacancies and strongly with self-interstitials. Mn also interacts with self-interstitials to form mixed dumbbells. C, with occupies octahedral sites, interacts strongly with vacancies and less with self-interstitials. Binding and migration energies, as well as others atomic scale properties, obtained by ab initio calculations, have been used as parameters for the KMC code. Firstly, these parameters have been optimized over isochronal annealing experiments, in the literature, of binary alloys that have been electron-irradiated. Isochronal annealing simulations, by reproducing experimental results, have allowed us to link each mechanism to a single evolution of the resistivity during annealing. Moreover, solubility limits of all the elements have been determined by Metropolis Monte Carlo. Secondly, we have simulated the evolution at 300 °C of the microstructure under irradiation of different alloys of increasing complexity: pure Fe, binary alloys, ternaries, quaternaries, and finally complex alloys which compositions are close to those of pressure vessel steels. The results show that the model globally reproduces all the experimental tendencies, what has led us to propose mechanisms to explain the behaviours observed
Vincent, Edwige. "Simulations numériques à l'échelle atomique de l'évolution microstructurale sous irradiation d'alliages ferritiques." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Vincent.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRouchette, Hadrien. "Sink efficiency calculation of dislocations in irradiated materials by phase-field modelling." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to develop a modelling technique for diffusion of crystallographic migrating defects in irradiated metals and absorption by sinks to better predict the microstructural evolution in those materials.The phase field technique is well suited for this problem, since it naturally takes into account the elastic effects of dislocations on point defect diffusion in the most complex cases. The phase field model presented in this work has been adapted to simulate the generation of defects by irradiation and their absorption by the dislocation cores by means of a new order parameter associated to the sink morphology. The method has first been validated in different reference cases by comparing the sink strengths obtained numerically with analytical solutions available in the literature. Then, the method has been applied to dislocations with different orientations in zirconium, taking into account the anisotropic properties of the crystal and point defects, obtained by state-of-the-art atomic calculations.The results show that the shape anisotropy of the point defects promotes the vacancy absorption by basal loops, which is consistent with the experimentally observed zirconium growth under irradiation. Finally, the rigorous investigation of the dislocation loop case proves that phase field simulations give more accurate results than analytical solutions in realistic loop density ranges
Christiaen, Benjamin. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la déformation d’alliage de zirconium sous irradiation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R008/document.
Повний текст джерелаZirconium alloys are used to manufacture fuel cladding as well as fuel assemblies of pressurized water nuclear reactors. Under irradiation, they show a dimensional change commonly called growth. Experimental observations have shown that above a threshold dose, these alloys are subject to accelerated growth called "breakaway". It has been well established that the irradiation formation of and dislocation loops is directly responsible for the growth of irradiated zirconium alloys and that the appearance of loops is correlated with this growth acceleration. However, the nucleation mechanisms of the loops that seem to be influenced by the presence of alloying elements are still poorly understood. In order to improve our understanding, a multi-scale modelling approach has been used to simulate the evolution of zirconium microstructure under irradiation. Atomic-scale calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) and empirical potentials are used to determine the properties of clusters of point defects (dislocation loops, cavities, pyramids of stacking faults). The results obtained are then used as input parameters of an object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) code which allows us to simulate the microstructure evolution of the material under irradiation. Our results show that it is necessary to consider an anisotropic migration of the vacancies to predict the growth acceleration
Christiaen, Benjamin. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la déformation d’alliage de zirconium sous irradiation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR008.
Повний текст джерелаZirconium alloys are used to manufacture fuel cladding as well as fuel assemblies of pressurized water nuclear reactors. Under irradiation, they show a dimensional change commonly called growth. Experimental observations have shown that above a threshold dose, these alloys are subject to accelerated growth called "breakaway". It has been well established that the irradiation formation of and dislocation loops is directly responsible for the growth of irradiated zirconium alloys and that the appearance of loops is correlated with this growth acceleration. However, the nucleation mechanisms of the loops that seem to be influenced by the presence of alloying elements are still poorly understood. In order to improve our understanding, a multi-scale modelling approach has been used to simulate the evolution of zirconium microstructure under irradiation. Atomic-scale calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) and empirical potentials are used to determine the properties of clusters of point defects (dislocation loops, cavities, pyramids of stacking faults). The results obtained are then used as input parameters of an object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) code which allows us to simulate the microstructure evolution of the material under irradiation. Our results show that it is necessary to consider an anisotropic migration of the vacancies to predict the growth acceleration
Lafond, Fabien. "Hybrid functionals approach for the study of the properties of complex materials for photovoltaic applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0308.
Повний текст джерелаElectrical properties of semiconductors are strongly influenced by the types of dopants and defects inserted or formed during the synthesis of materials. In the field of photovoltaics, these defects leads to various metastabilities and can degrade the efficiency and durability of solar cells. In this context, ab-initio simulation methods, such as Hartree-Fock (HF) or the one implemented in the framework of density functional theory (DFT), are relevant to understand these behaviours and thus optimise the photovoltaic materials. However, a good qualitative and quantitative description of properties requires sophisticated but time consuming method like GW. An interesting alternative can be provided by hybrid functionals, which combine HF and DFT. Firstly, hybrid functionals were optimised in order to accurately described the band gap for different compounds by varying the percentage of HF exact-exchange in the exchange term of the PBE and PBEsol functionals from the GGA approximation of DFT. The materials investigated were Si, Ge, SiGe, III-V and chalcopyrites. Results obtained by this approach were confronted to the one from the literature. The description of the electronic properties matched the one from GW. Temperature evolution of various thermodynamic properties was calculated via the quasi-harmonic approximation. In this approximation and for the range of studied materials, optimised hybrid functionals do not bring an enhancement compared to existing functionals. Nevertheless, they bring a coherent description of the materials. Secondly, these optimised hybrid functionals were used to systematically describe the impact of chemical composition on chalcopyrite’s properties for tandem solar cells. First, they enable the determination the compositions, structural and electrical properties of CuGaxIn1-x(SySe1-y)2 for band gap specific to this kind of application. As alkali metals leads to major enhancement of chalcopyrite efficiency, the effect of their incorporation in chalcopyrite bulk was address. Highlight was put on the substitution of copper by Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs. Their impact on the band gap was interpreted via the structural evolution and the thermodynamique stability of the different crystallines phases that can exists within the material. Finally, H, Fe and B point defects in silicon were simulated for a preliminary study on the light and elevated temperature induced degradation which is one of the ageing process of the silicon solar cells