Дисертації з теми "Métaux de transition non nobles"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Métaux de transition non nobles".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Drault, Fabien. "Développement de catalyseurs à base de métaux de transition non nobles en remplacement du platine pour des réactions d'hydrogénation." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2292/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of noble metals in heterogeneous catalysis is limited by the scarcity of these metals, their cost and the supply difficulties due to the monopole of only two countries on the world market. The aim of this work consisted to study the association of platinum and cobalt in order to substitute partly Pt with Co while preserving the catalytic performances of the noble metal in hydrogenation. Various syntheses of 1%Pt- 5%Co supported bimetallic catalysts have been achieved and their performances have been compared with those of monometallic catalysts as well as (Pt + Co) mechanical mixtures for two hydrogenation’s reactions of industrial interest: the hydrogenation of acetonitrile and that of furfural. The physicochemical characterizations carried out (TEM, XPS …) and the model reactions (dehydrogenation of cyclohexane, hydrogenolysis of methylcyclopentane) studied have pointed out several results: - the presence of Pt increases the reducibility of Co for co-impregnated catalysts and mechanical mixtures leading to an enhancement of the catalytic performances in hydrogenation of acetonitrile or furfural; - the colloidal preparation favors the formation of PtCo alloy particles with a homogeneous composition, which are not very active for the reactions studied; - the redox route synthesis can accurately deposit Pt in contact with Co creating an improvement of the catalytic performances by a synergistic effect. Thus, in the hydrogenation of acetonitrile, the same activity was obtained by using a Pt-Co catalyst containing five times less noble metal’s content than the 1% Pt catalysts
Ben, Miled Marwan. "Synthèse in situ de nanoparticules métalliques dans une matrice céramique dérivées de polymères précéramiques pour l'électrolyse de l'eau en milieu alcalin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0083.
Повний текст джерелаGlobal warming caused by human activity and the use of fossil fuels, urges the need to find new sources of carbon free energy. Dihydrogen (H2) more known as “hydrogen” is rapidly emerging as a technically viable and benign energy vector according to its ability to produce a higher density of combustion than fossil fuels and to produce only water as a waste product when used in a fuel cell. Moreover, its use generates no noise pollution, unlike the combustion engines currently in use. Nevertheless, it requires a very high degree of purity in order to avoid pollution of the catalytic materials contained in the cells. Nowadays, nearly 95% of the hydrogen produced is obtained by catalytic reforming of methane, and therefore requires purification processes that are often complex and costly. One way of avoiding these purification steps would be to produce hydrogen directly by electrolysis of water more known as water splitting. This process consists of separating a molecule of water under the action of an electric current (produced in a renewable way) to produce hydrogen and dioxygen (O2) at the electrodes of an electrolyser. Unfortunately, this reaction has kinetic limitations due to a very complex Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) mechanism, including several electrons and several reaction intermediates. The emergence of new anion exchange membrane technologies has paved the way for the use of electrolysis in alkaline media, thus allowing the use of non-noble transition metals as catalysts, which are less expensive than the metals traditionally used (Ir and Ru). Within this context, this PhD thesis has explored the synthesis of catalytic materials to reduce the energy and kinetic barriers of OER. In order to propose materials that are performant, stable over time and resistant to the aggressive environments imposed by the electrolysis of water in an alkaline medium, the polymer-derived ceramics (PDC) route has been selected as a synthesis method of choice. The interest of this method is to implement organosilicon polymers (here a polysilazane) serving as a molecular platform for the growth of non-noble metals via the use of metal complexes such as chlorides and acetylacetonates of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) or cobalt (Co). This polymer modified by these metals serves as a precursor for the in situ formation of metal nanoparticles in a porous matrix based on the elements silicon (Si), carbon (C), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) allowing their accessibility and stability after heat treatment at 500 ° C under argon. This manuscript illustrated through five chapters describes works dedicated to the synthesis and characterization of Ni (chapter 3), Ni-Fe (chapter 4) and medium and high entropy alloys (chapter 5) nanoparticles which complete a state of the art (chapter 1) and a description of the materials and methods implemented during this thesis (chapter 2). The materials which have been prepared were studied at each stage of their synthesis through the implementation of complementary characterization tools before assessing their electrochemical performances; in particular by measuring the anodic overpotential during OER, in order to determine the best metal combinations. Post mortem tests were carried out to evaluate the potential of the prepared materials. Considering the simplicity of the synthesis route, and the low cost of reactants used, this work leads to a new family of materials and to several promising perspectives, not only for the development of efficient and stable catalysts for the OER but more generally for numerous applications in electrochemistry. These opportunities are now being addressed
Janisch, Daniel. "Geo-inspired pathways towards ternary non-noble metal (pre-)catalysts for water splitting and CO2 reduction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS387.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаA full transition from fossil-based energy sources towards green energy production requires storage systems compensating for the intermittency of renewables. The production of green hydrogen from electrolysis of water powered by surplus electricity from solar or wind attracts a lot of attention as an abundant, clean and renewable energy vector. Beyond the electrolysis of water, surplus renewable energy can further be stored in more complex fuels or chemicals. Related to electrolysis, the electroreduction of CO2 (CO2R) yields energy-dense hydrocarbons storing also energy in chemical bonds. A lack of economic viability, however, still blocks widespread industrial use of these processes. The benchmark electrodes in water electrolysis cells are platinum group metals that are expensive and not abundantly available. Compounds of more common transition metals represent a much cheaper alternative as potential electrocatalysts for water splitting. It was shown that activity and stability in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes is enhanced most notably in binary transition metal borides (TMBs), silicides (TMSs) and carbides (TMCs). Covalent bonds between p-block elements and between these elements and the transition metals, and the resulting modifications of the metal charge density have been identified as key factors responsible for augmented catalytic activity. Nevertheless, the structure-activity relationship remains obscure and whether catalytic properties could be further boosted by a twofold combination of p-block elements with a transition metal has not been answered. Low CO2R selectivity is the current bottleneck in this process as intricate downstream product separation renders an industrial process unprofitable. Copper is the only metal electrocatalyst able to form substantial amounts of C+2 hydrocarbons. Again, p-block elements such as sulphur are reported to increase selectivity in copper sulphides to one-carbon products. Yet, the role of sulphur during CO2R remains unclear and whether a second p-block element could tune the charge state of copper to favour a single reduction pathway towards C+2 products has not been explored. To resolve these open questions, we have designed reaction pathways towards ternary compounds combining a transition metal with two p-block elements. The reaction processes are inspired by geological processes and rely on the use of molten salts as reaction media. Compared to classical solid-state synthesis, molten salts increase diffusivity of reactants and enable overall lower temperatures and reaction times. As a result, the process is prone to deliver nanostructured materials with high surface-to-volume ratio and without organic surface ligands, which is ideal for catalytic applications. In the first part of this work, the synthesis of four ternary transition metal silicoborides Ni6Si2B, Co4.75Si2B, Fe5SiB2 and Mn5SiB2 is presented, together with a detailed study of the electrocatalytic properties for alkaline water oxidation (OER). Synchrotron radiation-based in situ XRD resolves the formation mechanisms during the synthesis and sheds light on structural relationships between reaction intermediate and the final products. The second part is dedicated to the investigation of the influence of silicon, boron and carbon on molybdenum in three ternary compounds, Mo2BC, Mo4.8Si3C, Mo5SiB2, as electrocatalysts of hydrogen evolution from acidic and alkaline aqueous electrolytes. XPS and XAS point out the relationship between the oxidation state of molybdenum and the electrocatalytic activity. The assessment of two ternary copper silicosulphides Cu8SiS6 and Cu2SiS3 as catalysts for CO2R constitutes the topic of the third part of this work. The crystallisation sequence during synthesis was monitored during in situ XRD measurements and electronic configurations were assessed by XPS and XAS. Finally, in situ XAS during CO and CO2 reduction reactions shows how the materials evolve during electrocatalysis
Kumar, Kavita. "Catalyseurs sans métaux nobles pour pile à combustible régénérative." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2284/document.
Повний текст джерелаHydrogen, as an environmentally friendly future energy vector, is a non-toxic and convenient molecule for regenerative fuel cell, which connects two different technologies: an electrolyzer for H2 production, and a fuel cell for its direct conversion to electric energy. This kind of system possesses many advantages, such as lightness, compactness and more autonomy. However, improvement of activity and durability of electrode materials free from noble metals in their composition is needed. Thereby, bifunctional catalysts composed of transition metals deposited onto graphene-based materials were synthesized. The interaction between the metal atom of the oxide and the graphene doped heteroatom in the Co3O4/NRGO catalyst was investigated physicochemically. With a low cobalt loading, the interaction between cobalt and nitrogen was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, which revealed that it was responsible for decreasing the oxide nanoparticle size, as well as increasing the material activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The substitution of Co by Ni in the spinel structure (NiCo2O4/RGO) obtained by solvothermal synthesis, allowed the enhancement of the electrocatalytic performances towards the ORR and OER. Moreover, this catalyst as well as another material prepared in collaborative program with a lab from Technical University of Berlin were used as cathode in preliminary studies undertaken on solid alkaline fuel cell (SAFC)
Ben, Maajouz El Mzarhrani Houssine. "Etude des catalyseurs aux métaux nobles déposés sur les zéolithes : hydrogénation sélective du butadiène." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10201.
Повний текст джерелаFerrand, Laura. "Hydrofonctionnalisations de liaisons multiples carbone-carbone catalysées par des complexes à base de métaux non nobles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066348/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work has focused on the development of new methodologies in catalysis based on non-noble metals: cobalt and niobium. These two metals have been used to catalyze hydrofunctionalization reactions of carbon‒carbon multiple bonds. The aim of those projects was to propose competitive catalytic systems based on non-precious metals and to promote their use compared to other rare and expensive metals. To this end, we successfully demonstrated that a well-defined cobalt complexe HCo(PMe3)4 is an efficient catalyst for regio- and stereoselective hydroboration reactions of internal alkynes, as well as diboration reactions. Also, a new catalytic system based on cationic niobium(V) has been developed and used to catalyze intramolecular hydrofunctionalization reactions leading to the synthesis of a large family of heterocycles. In order to reveal even more the potential of niobium in catalysis, we aimed to propose a chiral system able to catalyze enantioselective hydroalkoxylation of alkenes. Despite the promising results, some more efforts on the optimization of this system still need to be done
Manchon, Delphine. "Réponse optique de nano-objets uniques anisotropes : de l'or aux métaux de transition." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993802.
Повний текст джерелаDulong, Jean-Luc. "Etude de la fonction diélectrique infrarouge de métaux nobles à haute température, par réflectométrie différentielle." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066397.
Повний текст джерелаPollet, Michaël. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux diélectriques pour la conception de condensateurs multicouches à électrodes internes en métaux non nobles." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2086.
Повний текст джерелаThe CaZrO3 material was studied in order to fabricate base metal electrodes multilayer ceramic capacitors. The synthesis process using solid state reaction was optimized (time, temperature, quantity) to obtain a fine, homogeneous and reactive powder precursor. The co-sintering with base metal electrodes requiring the use of a reducing atmosphere, its effect on the reactivity and the properties of dielectric was analyzed. Many ways were explored to lower the dielectric sintering temperature: the granulometry, the stoichiometry and the effect of several doping agents and/or additions. A dielectric formulation is proposed, of thermal and physical behaviour compatible with the applications concerned. Prototypes were synthesized then optimized in a preoccupation with an industrial transposition. A statistical model was developed to analyze the dilatometric behaviour of dielectric ceramics. It makes it possible to obtain information concerning the mechanisms of sintering and to quantify their efficiency. Dielectric materials from the ternary system Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3-Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3-Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 were synthesized and analyzed. Their thermal and dielectric behaviours are shown to be predictable, function of the proportions used, and were modelled. All these gathered information allow to consider the existence of a very extended solid solution in this complex system. The lattice dynamic of CaZrO3 based materials was studied using the FPSQ model ("Four Parameters Semi-quantum model"). The extrapolation of the dielectric properties in the microwave range is in excellent agreement with direct measurements in resonant cavity. A model is proposed to account for the dielectric properties in cation deficient materials. The effect of a weak doping is also analyzed and an interpretation is proposed for the evolution of the dielectric properties
Devita, Marie. "Mesure et dangerosité des métaux nobles pour les photodétecteurs à avalanche à photon unique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD029/document.
Повний текст джерелаNoble metals (Au, Ag, Pt, Ir, Pd and Ru) are used for the fabrication of microelectronics devices or can be brought by manufacturing tools (alloy components for example). It is well known that these impurities are detrimental to the efficiency of the devices. This implies a real and present need for control of their introduction in clean rooms to diagnose as soon as possible a contamination. Yet, there are no industrial technique for their follow-up at levels about 5.109 at.cm-2 - ITRS recommendations. The relevance of these recommendations according to the electronic device (SPAD in particular) could be questioned. At first, this study consisted in developing a physicochemical technique for the analysis of noble metals on Si wafers by VPD-DC-ICPMS. Then, their dangerousness towards tools and devices was established according to their behavior in temperature and the DCR generated on SPAD devices
Guillet, Yannick. "Dynamique de la réponse optique non-linéaire ultra-rapide d'una assemblée de nanoparticules d'or." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00273002.
Повний текст джерелаArnal, Pascal. "Procédés sol-gel non hydrolytiques. Préparation d'oxydes de métaux de transition." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20124.
Повний текст джерелаMiege, Frédéric. "Réarrangements de cyclopropène-ènes catalysés par les métaux de transition." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00649724.
Повний текст джерелаManchon, Delphine. "Réponse optique de nano-objets uniques anisotropes : de l’or aux métaux de transition." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10172/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe optical response of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are known to be dominated by the Localized SurfacePlasmon Resonance (LSPR), which is highly sensitive to the size of the NPs, their shape and their environment.This optical response can be studied on single nanoparticles thanks to a highly sensitive setup based on theSpatial Modulation Spectroscopy (SMS) which gives access to their absolute extinction cross-section on a widespectral range (300–900 nm). Moreover, the morphology of the same objects studied in optics is characterized bya direct observation in Transmission or Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM or SEM).In this work, a new setup allowing the measurement of both the extinction and the scattering of a single nanoobjecthas been developed. This technique allows a quantitative measurement of the scattering cross-sectionprovided the angular distribution of the scattered light by the NP is known.The second part is related to experimental and theoretical optical studies and morphological observationsthrough TEM and SEM of exotic nano-objects. First, a systematic study performed on a large number of goldbipyramids, chemically elaborated, has shown that the LSPR located in the red is highly sensitive to theirmorphology and to the environment. Thus, these objects can likely be used as biological sensors. In addition,emergence of a resonance induced by plasmon coupling has been evidenced on lithographed nano-antennasbased on transition metal (Pd, Pt, Cr) for which no LSPR is usually expected. This opens up prospects for novelapplications by extending the field of plasmonics to metals of various chemical properties (photocatalysis,magneto-optics)
Feuvrie, Christophe. "Complexes métallo-organiques de métaux de transition et de terres rares pour l'optique non linéaire." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S040.
Повний текст джерелаGuillet, Yannick. "Dynamique de la réponse optique non-linéaire ultra-rapide d'une assemblée de nanoparticules d'or." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00273002.
Повний текст джерелаNous rappelons tout d'abord les caractéristiques de la réponse optique linéaire de ces matériaux. Puis nous détaillons le modèle numérique qui permet de simuler leur réponse suite à une excitation subpicoseconde. Nous présentons ensuite le dispositif pompe-sonde femtoseconde résolu spectralement développé dans l'équipe pour réaliser les études expérimentales. Enfin, nous mettons en évidence un processus d'excitation sélective dû aux interactions électromagnétiques et dont l'influence domine celle des échanges thermiques entre nanoparticules.
Rashidi, Huyeh Majid. "Influence des effets thermiques sur la réponse optique de matériaux nanocomposites métal-diélectrique." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066481.
Повний текст джерелаGAUDRY, Mélanie. "Propriétés optiques d'agrégats mixtes de métaux de transition en matrice d'alumine : Effets de taille et de composition." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001513.
Повний текст джерелаSalanouve, Elise. "Complexes de métaux non-nobles de fer et de nickel portant des ligands redox non-innocents et leurs applications en catalyse : de l'activation C-H aux réactions de couplages croisés." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066620/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work has focused on the development of complexes of non-noble metals bearing non-innocent ligands and their catalytic applications as efficient alternatives to noble metal complexes, in the light of increasing concerns regarding cost and sustainability-related issues of noble metals. Towards this goal, we have developed and characterized complexes of non-noble metals (Fe, Ni) with non-innocent ligands using multiple spectroscopic techniques. This work was aimed at broadening the field of useful catalytic applications of these particular complexes. For our dedicated program in iron catalysis, a new method for tandem C–H activation/arylation of unactivated arenes catalyzed by iron complexes bearing redox-active bis(imino)pyridine ligands was developed. Preliminary mechanistic insights were gained based on combined spectroscopic data (NMR, in situ IR, EPR), reactivity studies as well as DFT calculations. The results obtained are clearly in favor of a mechanism distinct to that previously reported for iron-based catalytic systems and are not compatible with homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS). We have also focused on another challenging field in catalysis: cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by nickel as base metal, bearing redox non-innocent ligands. Several challenges in cross-coupling reactions remain among which coupling of non-activated alkyl halides. Mechanisms involving nickel catalysts often differ from those involved in palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The behavior of nickel complexes bearing redox non-innocent ligands was studied in order to unveil new reactivites and gain a better understanding of the catalytic cycles at stake
Sénéchal-David, Katell. "Complexes de lanthanides pour l'optique non linéaire et la luminescence." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10059.
Повний текст джерелаAl, Cheikh Joumada. "Étude électrochimique de complexes moléculaires à base de métaux de transition non-précieux pour applications énergétiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS038/document.
Повний текст джерелаElectrochemistry is becoming a major field in new energy storage and conversion technologies. Nowadays, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a reaction of great societal interest, which is at the heart of new technologies enabling the development of systems for the conversion of energy. However, some issues related to the use of noble metals (platinum, in particular) as catalysts have not been solved yet. This thesis is part of the scientific approach of the Research and Innovation in Electrochemistry for Energy (ERIEE) research group which has been interested for several years in the substitution of these noble metals by the use of transition metal based electro-catalysts. These molecules consist of organic compounds containing transition metals as an electro-active center for application in industrial electrolysers. This thesis focuses on the study of a family of molecular complexes based on transition metals (Co or Fe), the so-called clathrochelates, characterized by different chemical structures. The choice of the ligands constituting these complexes as well as the study of their functionalization processes on ad hoc substrates, constitute key elements in the apprehension of the resulting electro-catalytic performances.These electro-catalysts were studied both in solution (homogeneous phase) and functionalized at the surface of solid electrodes. Their physico-chemical properties as well as their electrocatalytic turnover for the hydrogen evolution reaction, have been systematically characterized.In particular, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) allowed for the characterization of the electrocatalytic properties of modified electrodes at the local scale
Baida, Hatim. "Propriétés optiques et spectroscopie non-linéaire de nanoparticules individuelles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713129.
Повний текст джерелаRoulland, François. "Recherche de compositions à base de Ba(Zn1/3X2/3)O3(X=Ta ou Nb) pour la conception de condensateurs multicouches à armatures en métaux non-nobles." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN2033.
Повний текст джерелаSeigle-Ferrand, Pascal. "Matériaux calixaréniques pour le transfert d'information : de l'auto-assemblage en solution aux copolymères." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10047.
Повний текст джерелаChiboub, Fellah Fatima Zohra. "Synthèse et détermination structurale de complexes de métaux de transition et d'entités 3d-4f." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/288/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is concerned with the synthesis, structural determination by single crystal X-ray diffraction and study of the magnetic properties of polynuclear copper complexes, alkaline-earth/copper complexes and 3d/4f complexes. In the first chapter, the synthesis of half-unit complexes and half-unit ligands is described as well as the various strategies used for obtaining non-symmetrical Schiff base copper and nickel complexes. The synthesis and study of the structural and magnetic properties of two series of polynuclear copper compounds resulting from the association of half-unit complexes is the topic of the second part of this work. The effect of the chemical nature of the ortho-substituent to the O(phenoxo) donor and the effect of the type of diamine on the nuclearity of these complexes has been elucidated. In the third part, we describe how the compartmental Schiff bases having an inner N2O2 coordination site and a larger O4 coordination site resulting from the reaction of the metallo-ligand with the alkaline-earth salts allowed isolating a series of 3d/alkaline-earth/salicylaldimine complexes with different 3d/alkaline-earth ratios. In the last part, we describe the preparation of di-, tri- and tetra-nuclear 3d/4f complexes. The assembling ligands are non-symmetrical Schiff bases bringing different bridges. The study of their magnetic properties contributes to a better understanding of the factors responsible for the nature and intensity of magnetic interactions. An SMM type of behaviour is likely for the tetranuclear Cu-Tb-Tb-Cu complex, suggesting that the presence of a Tb-Tb interaction does not exclude an SMM behaviour
Polteau, Baptiste. "Étude de semi-conducteurs de type p nanostructurés à base de métaux de transition pour une application en DSSC-p." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S046/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo improve the performances of p-Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (p-DSSC), this thesis work focuses on the synthesis and the characterization of p-type semiconductors (p-SCs) nanomaterials. These p-SCs with some specifications (low energy valence band, high specific surface area, high conductivity and transparency) were thoroughly studied. In this context, a strategy was developed to improve the NiO nanoparticles properties (commonly used as a reference) with higher nickel non-stoichiometry and nitrogen doping to promote the stabilization of the Ni3+/Ni2+ mixed valence (origin of the p-typness). This study was initiated with a nanostructured mixed valent Ni3O2(OH)4 precursor. Its thermal decomposition in air and ammonia at low temperature (250 °C) allows the formation of nanostructured Ni1-xO with a large amount of Ni vacancies (VNi = 25 %), a high specific surface area (240 m2.g-1) and a nitrogen doping (NiO:N). Moreover, two non-oxides materials with delafossite structure type, namely - nickel carbodiimide (NiNCN) and manganese carbodiimide (MnNCN) - were prepared and characterized as new p-type semiconductors. Thus, the first p-DSSC with NiNCN material was built with success
Joo, Gi-Tae. "Nouvelles phases ferroélectriques non-stœchiométriques de type perovskite ou LiTaO₃." Bordeaux 1, 1986. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203505.
Повний текст джерелаPriem, Thierry. "Étude de l'ordre à courte distance dans les carbures et nitrures non stoechiométriques de métaux de transition par diffusion diffuse de neutrons." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112408.
Повний текст джерелаCerchez, Vladimir. "Nano structures formed by molecular chlorine interaction with noble metal surfaces : scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy study." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10047/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is related to the systematic study of chlorine adsorption mechanism on the metal's surfaces Au(111), Ag(111) and Cu(111). We had used for this study the interaction of chlorine gas with metal surface in ultra-high vacuum conditions. Elaborated systems were characterized from the structural point of view by low-energy electron diffraction and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (5 K). Local electronic properties were probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The first part of the work is devoted to the surface's structural modifications induced by chlorine adsorption from sub-monolayer regime to saturation, which corresponds to the appearance of metal halide precursors. From numerous experimental results we were able to describe in details the mechanism of gas/surface interaction and to propose atomic structural models that remained unresolved up to now. The proposed models were validated by density functional theory calculations. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the study of original electronic properties of the superstructure of quantum wells formed by self-organization of chlorine atoms on (111) surface of gold. We had studied the quantum resonances that appeared due to the confinement of surface electronic states in the pores of few nanometers in diameter. The eigenstates were characterized as a function of the quantum well?s shape and size. This study was completed by numerical modeling of spectroscopic properties of nano-pores in the "particle-in-a-box" limit
Wambeke, Anne. "Description et performances en hydrogénation et isomérisation des sites de MoS2/[gamma]Al2O3 modifiés ou non par des métaux de la première série de transition." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10104.
Повний текст джерелаSuciu, Mihaela Gabriela. "Contribution à l'étude du couplage d'échange entre couches de terres rares et de métaux de transition 3d à travers un métal non magnétique dans des multicouches." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10116.
Повний текст джерелаPuillet, Magali. "Nouveaux catalyseurs d’hydrosilylation pour la synthèse de silicones." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1186.
Повний текст джерелаAlkene hydrosilylation is a major tool for the synthesis of functionalized silicone oils and silicone elastomers and is catalyzed by transition metal complexes. Industrially, Platinum complexes are used. However, high and volatile cost and rarity of precious metals lead to the development of competitive alternative systems, especially catalysts based on non-precious transition metals. First, Nickel and Cobalt high-oxidation-state complexes bearing diketone ligands were studied. Those systems had been previously developed in the laboratory and the study has been completed. Crosslinking kinetics were followed by qualitative measures of “stop-stirring” time and by rheology and thermal analysis (DSC). Those catalysts are active over oxygen and stable for silicone-oil crosslinking. Then, Cobalt Catalysts bearing amido-based ligands were studied. When associated with a ligand (phosphino pyridine P,N), those systems are competitive with the Karstedt catalyst (Pt) for selective alkene hydrosilylation. They also allow for silicone-oil crosslinking at relatively low temperature (20 min at 90 °C). Finally, a homologous complex based on Iron was synthesized and showed activity for silicones’ crosslinking evidencing the feasibility of a catalytic hydrosilylation pathway from non-toxic and robust iron complexes
Quartararo, Juliette. "Reactivite de sulfures mixtes supportes non conventionnels pour les reactions d'hydrotraitement." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066673.
Повний текст джерелаSimler, Thomas. "New transition metal complexes with functional N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for molecular activation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF005.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this work is the synthesis and study of hybrid and potentially “pincer” ligands featuring an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) donor. The phosphine-NHC ligands based on the m-phenylene framework led to di- or tetranuclear Ag, Cu, Au and Ir complexes, and to bimetallic Ag/Cu and Ag/Ir complexes by selective transmetallation of the NHC. With the phosphino-picoline-NHC (PNC) ligands, transmetallation from the corresponding Li or K salts led to dearomatised Cr, Fe and Co “pincer” complexes. Deprotonation of the bis(phosphinomethyl)pyridine (PNP) ligand was also examined. The corresponding dearomatised mono- and bis-anionic ligands were isolated as Li or K salts and further used in transmetallation reactions towards Cr(II) and Zr(IV). Different coordination modes of the dearomatised ligands, including side-arm metallation, were observed. Substitution of the phosphine group in PNC by an imine donor led to a hybrid and “redox non-innocent” ligand
Boumezioud, Mohamed. "Complexion de métaux de transition par des hydroxyquinolines en milieux homogènes et microhétérogènes : Influence de l'hydrophobie du ligand sur la cinétique réactionnelle dans des phases microémulsions." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10276.
Повний текст джерелаRousseau, Isabelle. "Non-linéarité cubique et dommage photochromique de KTP : métrologie des propriétés optiques paramétriques quadratiques appliquée aux isotypes arseniates KTA, RTA, CTA." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS040.
Повний текст джерелаBedioui, Fethi. "Etude électrochimique de complexes de métaux de transition (bases de Schiff et porphyrines) en solution et sous forme d'électrodes modifiées : application à la catalyse électroassistée de réactions organiques." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066338.
Повний текст джерелаThiebaut, Etienne. "Spectroscopie d'impédance non linéaire appliquée aux matériaux et systèmes thermoélectriques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS074/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis Phd work describes the study of the harmonic response of a thermoelectric system in order to extract the physical quantities associated with the thermoelectric coupling. The study of thermoelectric phenomena is of great interest both for the study of transport in materials as well as for applications in the field of energy recovery and temperature control. The amplitude of the response of the system in the harmonic regime allows extracting the different components of the response according to the associated time constants. This technique applied to thermoelectric systems makes it possible to extract several properties simultaneously thanks to an analytical model that we have developed to describe the response. In order to overcome the limitations of the linear electrical response obtained by impedance spectroscopy, we were interested in the nonlinear electrical response in the harmonic regime. The models we have developed take into account different sources of nonlinearities: the Joule effect, the non-linearity of the Peltier effect and the dependence of the properties of the system as a function of temperature. The study of the response as functions of frequency, on model systems such as thermocouples and Peltier modules, has allowed us to extract all the thermoelectric properties of the studied system. To extend this measurement to thin films, analogous to the setup traditionally used for 3w measurements of thermal conductivity. The developed micro device allows a 2w measurement of the Seebeck coefficient of the thin film. We then used this device to perform 2 and 3w measurements on various samples. Finally, we sought to extend the harmonic analysis for the study of coupled flow system other than the thermoelectric system. In particular, the coupling between the flow of magnons and the heat flux in a magnetic insulator gives rise to effects similar to conventional thermoelectric effects. We have therefore studied the response of a YIG/Pt system whose analysis has made it possible to extract a signal from the coupling of the heat flow and the flow of magnons paving the way for a new technique to study these systems
Al-Hussaini, Louay. "Utilisation de moyens d’activation non-conventionnels pour le clivage oxydant de la lignine par le dioxygène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS448.
Повний текст джерелаDue to the depletion of fossil resources, the interest of lignin as a sustainable alternative to petroleum is growing. Thus, the main purpose of this thesis was to develop a process for oxidative cleavage of lignin by dioxygen that involves unconventional methodologies like sonochemistry and ball-milling. The catalysts used here were KEGGIN molybdovanadophosphates (PMoVx). First, the operating conditions (solvent, catalytic charge and vanadium content) were optimized to afford the cleavage of two models, 2-phenoxyacetophenone (K1HH) and 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol (A1HH), at atmospheric O2 pressure, into phenol, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. For A1HH, harsher conditions were found to be necessary (O2 5 bar, 120°C). The catalysts were conventionally synthesized using a hydrothermal pathway, which consists in the H3PO4 attack of MoO3 and V2O5 in reflux water. A long heating period is often required to get moderate yields of PMoVx. Ball-milling synthesis was therefore considered. It consisted in preparing a mixed oxide by grinding MoO3 and V2O5. The latter's attack by H3PO4 was then shorter, took place at a lower temperature and resulted in higher yields of PMoVx. The activity of thus obtained PMoVx for model cleavage was similar to that of their hydrothermally synthesized counterparts. Preliminary tests on an Organosolv lignin from wheat straw under optimized conditions yielded low yields of cleavage products. Sonochemical assistance was therefore tested showing, in the case of A1HH, that a low frequency in conjunction with dioxygen bubbling was the best option
Danielyan, Anush. "Propriétés photoréfractives et électro-optiques des cristaux de niobate de lithium dopés aux ions métalliques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0256.
Повний текст джерелаLithium niobate (LN) is attractive material for the frequency mixers and doublers, integrated optical devices, electro-optical modulators, holographic data recording and storage thanks to the acousto-optical, non-linear optical, piezo-electrical, electro-optical and photorefractive properties. However, the overall understanding of certain phenomena that is photorefractive effect occurring in the crystal is still under heavy discussion. The mentioned plays a key role: on one side it substantially restricted the main part of the wavelength conversion applications as when illuminated by visible light or near infrared, there are changes semi-permanent in the refractive index of the crystal, causing a distortion of the beam, greatly reducing the efficiency of the device, on the other hand it need to improve for holographic applications. The dissertation is devoted to the investigation of the photorefractive, structural, electro-optical (EO) and dielectrical properties depending on the intrinsic and extrinsic (introduced by incorporation of non photorefractive (〖Zr〗^(4+),〖In〗^(3+)) and photorefractive (〖Fe〗^(2+/3+)) ions) defects in LN crystals resulting to the purposeful control the photorefractive effect taking into account the features of the applications of LN crystals. The aim of the thesis is a development of a vision on advanced photorefractive and electro-optic properties in lithium niobate crystals doped with the transition metal and non-photorefractive ions on the basis of a full investigation of the structural, compositional, electro-optical, photorefractive properties of the mentioned crystals, to work out the parameters of a strong control of the photorefractive properties of this material and optimal conditions for the growth of high quality mentioned crystal with controlled physical properties and to grow this crystals as well
Lê, Thi Kim-Chi. "Oxygen Reduction Reaction with Molybdenum-Containing Oxysulfide Nanoparticles : from Colloidal Synthesis to Surface Activity." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS209.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаToday, in personal vehicles, fuel cells are competing with the Li-ion batteries to provide the next technological leap. Hence, replacing noble metal by non-noble metal catalysts is essential to make them affordable. Molybdenum can be a good candidate as some compounds (e.g. MoS2, MoO2) are showing activity for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). Uncommon molybdenum oxysulfides could be used as electrodes for Li-ion batteries or catalysts thanks to their porous structure in amorphous forms (thin films and bulk powders). Their colloidal synthesis at low temperature, favoring the nanoscaled materials and bypassing the simple energy-consuming synthesis, is barely reported. The same goes for their ORR catalytic reactivity, which was almost never studied. Here, the well-known colloidal synthesis of lanthanide oxysulfides at low temperature (around 300 °C), producing nanoparticles such as Gd2O2S, is extended to the use of Mo molecular precursors. We studied two pathways: by a two-step protocol (adding the Mo precursor to freshly formed, unwashed Gd2O2S nanoplates) or a one-step protocol (adding simultaneously both metallic precursors). The structural analysis showed that the first method possibly leads to a deposition of isolated molybdate tetrahedrons on Gd2O2S nanoplates without changing their shape and size, while the latter one leads to a more sulfide-like environment of Mo. As observed, only molybdate-doped samples (at low dose) showed positive results in terms of electrochemical activity, which is found related directly to the Mo’s presence. Other explorative work on the syntheses without Gd is being pursued to complement the study on the structure and the formation mechanism of the interested materials. Overall, this is the first attempt to synthesize molybdenum oxysulfide by applying the synthesis method of lanthanide oxysulfide
Longchamp, Sylvie. "Oxydation électrochimique en milieu organique d'une série d'indoles aryl et alkyl substitués." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES027.
Повний текст джерелаMachado, Antônio Salustiano. "Contribution à l'étude du réarrangement d'hydrates de carbone 5,6-insaturés en hydroxycyclohexanones polysubstituées : synthèse d'analogues carbocycliques de daunosamine et d'hexopyranosides." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112276.
Повний текст джерелаSynthesis of carbocyclic analogs of carbohydrates found in various natural products was described, particularly those of a-D-ristosamine, β-L-daunosamine, β-L-idose, a-D-glucose. An important step in the synthesis was the rearrangement of 5, 6-insaturated hexopyranosides in hydroxycyclohexanes. In that reaction, it was shown that: the mercuric salt could be used catalytically, the stereochemistry of the reaction product was dependent of the olefin conformation in the reaction medium, and, in part of dilution, pH and kind of substituents in position 2 and 4. The method was exploited for the enantiospecific synthesis of pair of polyhydroxycyclohexanones from D-sugars
Abu, Bakar Noor Hana Hanif. "Particules bimétalliques. Synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés catalytiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe synthesis of PtNi bimetallic particles supported silica catalysts, prepared via non-classical methods using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent, was studied in detail. The silica supports employed in this work is limited to crystalline silica and mesoporous aluminosilicate (MCM-41). Various preparation techniques as well as reduction parameters were investigated to gain an insight on how these factors influenced the final structure of the PtNi particles on the silica support and their catalytic reactivity towards the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane. It was found that this reduction method enabled total reduction of the metal salts during the preparation stage of the catalysts. Hydrogen consumptions which were detected using H2-TPR analysis were mainly attributed to surface oxidation of the metal phase during storage. Studies on the effect of preparation techniques showed that the surface and catalytic properties of the catalysts are largely affected by the PtNi ratio as well as the method in which the metal salts are introduced onto the support. Catalysts prepared via co-impregnation technique generally exhibited better catalytic reactivity when compared to those prepared via co-precipitation and step-impregnation techniques. Further, catalysts with higher Ni content showed a tendency towards lower reactivity in contrast to those with high Pt content. Several catalysts demonstrated enhanced reactivity when compared to the monometallic Pt catalysts. Investigations showed that the improved reactivity can be attributed to alloying of the Pt and Ni accompanied by surface segregation of Pt. As a means to improve catalytic reactivity, PtNi stabilized oleic acid particles were synthesized prior to incorporation onto a silica support. The intention of this study is to allow better control of the dispersion and alloying between the PtNi particles. Results show that though better dispersed alloys were obtained, very low activity was observed. Nickel surface segregation is likely to be the cause of this due to the presence of oxygen from oleic acid. The effect of several reduction parameters was also investigated to enhance catalytic reactivity. The reduction temperature, NaBH4 concentration and medium in which reduction was carried out were varied. Variations in these parameters affected the particle morphology and dispersion of the PtNi particles. Optimum catalytic reactivity was obtained when small dispersed PtNi particles were formed at 273 K using 0.3 M NaBH4 in a medium of ethanol. Classical methods were also used for the synthesis of PtNi supported catalysts. In this study the PtNi particles were formed using H2 gas as the reducing agent. Several catalysts showed improved reactivity. Investigations show that this is attributed to the anchoring effect of Ni2+ ions which anchors Pt to the support, forming fine dispersed Pt particles available for catalytic reaction. In general, it is obvious that alloyed and non – alloyed bimetallic particles supported on silica can lead to the enhancement of hydrogenation reactions when compared to the respective monometallic catalysts. However, the PtNi ratios, preparation techniques, environment in which the particles are reduced and support influences the structure of the metallic phase of these catalysts. Therefore it is imperative to gain a thorough understanding on these parameters, in order to synthesize catalysts with desired properties
Shokeen, Vishal. "Ultrafast magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic transition metals : a study of spins thermalization induced by femtosecond optical pulses and of coupled oscillators excited by picosecond acoustic pulses." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE035.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we have investigated the magnetization dynamics at picosecond and femtosecond time scale using time resolved magneto-optical pump probe technique. At picosecond time scale, the magnetization precession is induced by ultrafast acoustic pulses in a three layered structure with two ferromagnetic layers separated by varying thickness of metallic spacer layer (Ni/Au/Py). The magnetization precession dynamics of the Ni layer is modified due to the interlayer exchange interaction with the Py layer and the synchronized precession of the coupied ferromagnetic layers has been observed. At the timescale of 50fs, coherent magneto-optical, non-thermal, thermal and relaxation dynamics of charges and spins in ferromagnetic transition metals (Ni, Co and Fe) is studied by using 11fs optical pulses in a very low perturbation regime. The spin orbit interaction and exchange interaction play a significant role in the demagnetization of the ferromagnetic metals induced by femtosecond pulses
Ould-Hamouda, Amine. "Étude des transitions de phase photo-induites dans des matériaux métalliques et organométalliques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0112/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is dedicated to the study of laser-induced phase transitions in metallic and metaly organic materials. The studies presented here are guided by the recording and storage of digital information. Firstly, we focused on THz and Raman spectroscopy of two different iron Fe (II) spin crossover complexes. The spectra we recorded using these two methods are compared to numerical simulations obtained with the DFT. We have also studied the spin state transition induced byCO2 lasers in polymeric spin crossover materials. A simple experimental setup allowing data recording in this type of materials is presented. Secondly, we studied the reversible metal (λ metastable to semiconductor (β stable) phasetransition in nanoparticles of a Titanium oxide (Ti3O5), excited with nanosecond laser pulses.More specifically, we studied the kinetic aspects of this transition. It appears that the λ→β transition occurs in hundreds of nanoseconds while the β→λ transition is achieved in a few tens of nanoseconds. The photothermal mechanisms leading to this transition accounts very well to these experimental observations. Finally, we present the study of Rb0.94Mn[Fe (CN)6]0.98.0.3H2O, a Prussian blue analogue which is bistable at room temperature. Using secondy and thirdyharmonic generation, we measured the effective secondy and thirdyorder nonlinearities of this compound in low and high temperature phases. We show that we can photo-switch the linear and nonlinear optical properties of this material. THz spectroscopy and generation in this material are also presented
Ambroise, Marc-Henri. "Etude de la nocivité d'inclusions superficielles : amorçage de fissures dans des superalliages préparés par métallurgie des poudres." Paris 13, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA132008.
Повний текст джерелаWerlé, Christophe. "Experimental and theoretical study of non-covalent interactions in organometallic chemistry : the concept of hemichelation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF032/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present manuscript will present a rational method of synthesis, characterization, determination of the electronic structure and dynamic behaviour of solution-persistent, and formally unsaturated binuclear Cr(0)-M complexes (with M= Pd(II), Pt(II) or Rh(I)). This new class of complexes constitutes rare examples of persistent coordinatively unsaturated 14-electrons complexes, whose cohesion stems essentially from a compensation of insufficient donor/acceptor Cr-M bonding by non-covalent interactions of preponderant attractive Coulombic nature. By taking advantage of the ambiphilic character of a heteroditopic ligand capable of chelating a metal centre through covalent and noncovalent bonds, truly coordination-unsaturated complexes can be synthesized in a manageable form. We propose to name “Hemichelation” the half-covalent/half noncovalent bonding-relationship between the ambiphilic heteroditopic ligand and the electron-unsaturated metallic centre
Chenoufi, Adel. "Structure et comportement thermodynamique des alliages métastables Ni-Ag et Al-Mn." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES015.
Повний текст джерелаVallée, Frédéric. "Synthèse de motifs biarylés : fonctionnalisation directe catalysée par des métaux de transition d’espèces aromatiques non activées." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4409.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis describes the development of two methodologies involved in the biaryls synthesis. The first part is directed towards the use of a directing group or stabilizing group for the palladium catalyzed direct arylation. In all the examples found in the literature, the moiety bearing the directing group has the proton subject to abstraction in the ortho-position leaving the halide to the other coupling partner. We thought that by designing a compound having both a directing group and a halide, at the ortho position, the direct arylation of unactivated molecule species would be possible. This reaction is performed under air and without the use of any phosphine ligand providing a low cost and practical access to the pharmaceutically useful biaryl moieties containing a versatile ester functionality for further transformations. Owing to the ubiquity of C-H bonds in organic compounds, the possibility of directly introducing a new C-C bond (or other functionalities) via a direct C-H bond transformation is a highly attractive strategy in synthesis. Several rhodium, palladium, and ruthenium catalysts have proven to be highly effective in such direct coupling processes. Herein the first general and efficient iron-catalyzed direct arylation of iodo-aryls and iodo-hetereoaryl derivatives using a cost effective and environmentally benign catalyst is described. The reaction is performed under neat conditions and can even proceed at room temperature providing 22 examples of biaryls and heteroaryls construction with moderate to excellent yield. Mechanistic studies showed that the transformation was going through an aryl radical transfer pathway.