Дисертації з теми "Métamatériaux – Propriétés acoustiques – Propriétés mécaniques"
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Terroir, Arthur. "Étude et réalisation de métamatériaux acoustiques architecturés." Thesis, Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILN008.
Повний текст джерелаIn the framework of underwater acoustics, detection of submerged vehicles is widely studied. Hull coatings are used to avoid such detection. Due to the enhancement of SONAR system low frequency performance, hull coatings must be improved.Acoustic metamaterials can be useful for this purpose thanks to their stop-band effect and local resonances. Alternatively, other types of metamaterials can be explored. A novel approach consists in exploring architectured metamaterials allowing outstanding mechanical properties, such as anti-auxetic Poisson's ratios greater than 0.5.In this thesis, a structure exhibiting anti-auxetic Poisson's ratios is studied using the finite element method. The study is conducted on the one hand for infinite volumes and on the other hand for finite thickness plates. An homogenization method is developed to obtain the effective properties of the structure in the low frequency domain using numerical tools based on the structure’s dispersion curves. The effective properties are determined for both infinite volumes and finite plates. Those determined in the case of plates are adapted in order to take into account an anisotropic density. The plates are then characterized experimentally using two methods. First a static characterization is performed through a tensile test. Then a dynamic characterization through an identification of the flexural modes is conducted. Those measurements allow to define limits of validity for the homogenization model. Finally, hull coatings based on the architectured structure are designed in order to reach the performance objectives for underwater stealth, mainly in low frequency. Several panels are then proposed
Hemar, Yacine. "Propriétés mécaniques et acoustiques des mousses et des emulsions concentrées." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR12124.
Повний текст джерелаDeverge, Mickaël. "Propriétés mécaniques et rhéologiques des mousses de polymères réticulés." Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1008.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of cross-linked polymer foams gains ground more and more, particularly for acoustic absorption. This work present new approaches for the characterization of these materials, which have a behavior in hysteresis with 3 distinct zones. First the linear behavior is presented on a large frequency band with the application of the Time-temperature Superposition (TTS) principle. 2 aspects are thus shown: a weak portion of the skeleton takes part in the stress transmission, and the elastic modulus at null frequency decrease with the pore size. Then an extension of the magnetism Preisach's theory is presented for great deformations: hysteresis is thus modelled starting from a distribution of microscopic hysterons. Lastly, 2 compressive relaxation mechanisms are distinguished. Principal relaxation decreases stress by topological rearrangement of the foam beams
Allemon, Pascal. "Etude du comportement acoustique et vibratoire de matériaux perforés et poreux : application à l'utilisation de matériaux granulaires recyclés dans la fabrication de panneaux absorbants." Artois, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998ARTO0201.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this work is to study the acoustical behaviour and the vibration response of porous and perforated materials. In this first part, different aspects of the prediction of sound propagation in rigid frame air-saturated porous materials are listed. Then, these models are used to treat and determine the acoustical properties of absorptive multi-layer panels with a perforated facing. Various associations "Porous materials-Perforated metal sheet" are considered to highlight the contribution of each element. The particular case of coupled resonators, only made of several associated perforated metal plates, is tackled. Original porous materials of replacement, issued from crushed recycled materials (tyres, plastic bottles. . . ) are used in the design of these absorptive panels with a perforated facing. It is shown that these pulverulent granular materials, mechanically stronger, have acoustical properties closely linked to the grading class used and consequently to the pore size dsitribution. Incertain cases, they can attractively replace mineral wools commonly used. The second part of this work considers the mechanical characteristics and the vibration behaviour of perforated metal sheets. With the help of Meijers's theory, the elastic constants are calculated from those of the solid plate. Then, the vibration response of these metal sheets can be anticipated. This is confirmed on the one hand, by comparing theoretical results to those obtained from a simple experiment (the measurement of the driving-point impedance of a free boundary circular plate driven at its midpoint) and on the other hand, by observing transverse displacements for different modes of vibration, on photographs obtained by double exposure holographic interferometry
Miksic, Amandine. "Étude des propriétés mécaniques et acoustiques d'un milieu granulaire sous chargements cycliques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350277.
Повний текст джерелаLagarrigue, Clément. "Métamatériaux performants dans la gamme des fréquences audibles : simulations et validations expérimentales." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA1037/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince several decades, photonic and phononic crystals are the center of numerous studies and in particular in the optics,electromagnetism and acoustics fields. These metamaterials, created by a periodic array of inclusions, have propertiesimpossible to obtain with usual materials. They can, for example, bend the waves or stop the waves for some frequencyranges (band gap). By changing the characteristic of the unit cell, it is possible to combine transmission losses linked to theperiodicity, with low frequency resonances linked to the type of scatterer (rigid, resonator...) and obtain very low transmissioncoefficient or very high absorption coefficient on very large frequency ranges depending on the device. Two metamaterialsdevices are studied to find alternative solutions, for acoustics problems, by using periodic array of scatterers. The first deviceis a sonic crystal used has an noise barrier and built with drilled bamboo rods, that have low frequency transmission losses(around 300 Hz and around 2000 Hz). The second device is a periodic array of resonant inclusions embedded in a porousplate that can absorb almost all the waves for a wide frequency range that correspond to wavelength up to 10 times bigger than de thickness of the plate. The behavior of this two devices are studied theoretically, experimentally and numerically by using several methods (Plane Waves Expansion, Multiple Scattering Theory for the first device and finite element method for the second). All this methods allow to bring out the very good performances of this metamaterials devices in audiblefrequency range
Paradis, Normand. "Relations entre les propriétés mécaniques du bois et les vitesses acoustiques mesurées à trois étapes du processus de transformation du bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27950/27950.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаEtchessahar, Manuel. "Caractérisation mécanique en basses fréquences des matériaux acoustiques." Le Mans, 2002. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2002/2002LEMA1015.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with new caracterisation techniques of the mechanical properties of porous materials, such as polymeric foams and fibrous materials, currently used in sound absorbing applications. First, a quasistatic traction-compression experimental technic used to measure Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of such materials on the frequency range 1-100 Hz is described. A special attention is paid on linear domain, frequency dependence, anisotropy and dynamical and coupling effects. Next a most adapted to industrial context technic allowing a large frequency range carcterisation is presented. This technic, based on the frequency-temperature superposition principle, is validated on polyurethan foams. Moreover, it is shown that the knowledge of the frequency dependence of one modulus is enougth to predict the frequency dependance of all moduli. These materials being usually plate like, the final part presents a new experimental device to measure the bending modulus of poroelastic plates. The inversion is based on modal analysis with the Prony method and on a analytical model of bending behaviour of poroelastic plates. This model is based on the Biot model in order to take into account the fluid-strucure coupling effects. Results obtained on a fibroux material are satisfying while results obtained on a polymeric foam show clearly the limits of this new model
Nounah, Hassan. "Modélisation et caractérisation des matériaux à gradient de propriétés mécaniques par des méthodes microacoustiques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20117.
Повний текст джерелаMrabti, Abdelali. "Propriétés opto-mécaniques dans des matériaux nanostructurés : couplage plasmons-phonons." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10201.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is focused on the elastoplasmonic coupling in periodic nanostructured systems. This interaction plasmon/phonon has been studied first for a metal nanowire inserted into a cavity of a two-dimensional crystal, consisting in a periodic array of holes in a dielectric matrix. The second investigated system is a crystal with sustaining local resonances. The crystal is formed by a square array of gold nanocylindres deposited on a non-absorbing dielectric membrane. The interest of such a system is that it can support phonon modes localized in the nanocylindre enabling thus an efficient coupling with plasmon modes. The third system is a crystal constituted by a metal nanoparticles array coupled to a metal film via an ultra thin dielectric spacer (silica). The motivation behind such a study is twofold: first, plasmon modes are sensitive to small local deformations due to their strong confinement; second such a system supports many localized phonons that can provide a local amplification of vibrations. It is then a dual cavity for phonon and plasmon modes. For the three systems studied in this thesis, we have shown that mechanical vibrations can modulate during an acoustic period the wavelength of the plasmon resonance modes supported by the structure
Laux, Didier. "Caractérisation mécanique de combustibles nucléaires à fort taux de combustion par méthodes micro-acoustiques." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20047.
Повний текст джерелаQi, Shuibao. "Métamatériaux et métasurfaces acoustiques pour la collecte d’énergie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0139/document.
Повний текст джерелаPhononic crystals (PCs) and acoustic metamaterials (AMMs), well-known as artificially engineered materials, demonstrate anomalous properties and fascinating capabilities in various kinds of wave manipulations, which have breached the classical barriers and significantly broaden the horizon of the whole acoustics field. As a novel category of AMMs, acoustic metasurfaces share the functionalities of AMMs in exotic yet compelling wave tailoring. Inspired by these extraordinary capabilities, innovative concepts of scavenging acoustic energy with AMMs are primarily conceived and sufficiently explored in this thesis. Generally, a planar AMM acoustic energy harvesting (AEH) system and acoustic metasurfaces AEH systems are theoretically and numerically proposed and analyzed in this dissertation. At first, taking advantage of the properties of band gap and wave localization of defect mode, the AEH system based on planar AMM composed of a defected AMM and a structured piezoelectric material has been proposed and sufficiently analyzed. Secondly, subwavelength (λ/8) and ultrathin (λ/15) metasurfaces with various lateral configurations, composed of labyrinthine and Helmholtz-like elements, respectively, are designed and analyzed to effectively realize the acoustic focusing and AEH. This thesis provides new paradigms of AEH with AMMs and acoustic metasurfaces, which would contribute to the industries of micro electronic devices and noise abatement as well
Cérézo, Véronique. "Propriétés mécaniques, thermiques et acoustiques d'un matériau à base de particules végétales : approche expérimentale et modélisation théorique." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0037/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the measurement of physical properties (mechanical, thermal, acoustical) of various formulations of concrete containing vegetable particles. Such material is made up with hemp shives mixed with lime binders. Shives are very porous considering the ratio of capillaries. That fact explains that particles are lightweight, sensible to water and they can be highly strained. The ductile binder is a mixed between hydraulic and aerated lime with sometimes a volume of sand. Depending on the binder proportion, three microstructures of concrete are determined. Moreover, this material presents a microscopic porosity (shives) and a macroscopic porosity. These networks are connected. Vegetable concrete presents a ductile behavior. . The maximum stress and the Young modulus are limited as compare to other building materials but the bearable level of strain is rhigh. A theoretical model made with self-consistent method allows to calculate the Young modulus as a function of the mixture proportion and the compactness level. A comparison with experimental measurements shows a good accuracy of the results. Then, the dry thermal conductivity of vegetable concrete is studied. Considering its high sensibility to water, the level of sorption and the impact on thermal conductivity are evaluated. A self-consistent method leads to a model of dry and wet conductivity taking into account the physical properties (proportions, compactness) and the hygrometry. Lastly, the sound absorption of vegetable concrete is measured. The values are high. This first step in the study of the acoustical properties shows a behavior, which can be compared to materials with a double porosity
Gasser, Stéphane. "Etude des propriétés acoustiques et mécaniques d'un matériau métallique poreux modèle à base de sphères creuses de nickel." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004438.
Повний текст джерелаBlanc, Laurianne. "Développement et modélisation de plateformes à ondes acoustiques de surface guidées : caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques de films minces mésoporeux." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668870.
Повний текст джерелаSaetung, Anuwat. "Preparation of polyurethane foams from hydroxytelechelic oligoisoprenes obtained by controlled degradation of natural rubber : study of their physico-mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties." Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA1006.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPolyurethane foam (PUF) is the largest of polyurethane materials widely studied and used in many applications such as furniture, automobile, insulation, acoustic absorber. Hydroxyl compounds currently used in the production of PUF are petrochemical products (polyester and polyether polyols). However, they have some disadvantages as they are non-renewable resources, they may cause environmental pollution, and they tend to be exhausted in the near future. Natural rubber (NR) is an interesting choice to use as a starting material in PUF synthesis, due to the fact that they are renewable source, abundant polymer and they have good mechanical properties and are easy to chemically modify. In this work, a new hydroxytelechelic natural rubber (HTNR) having a hydroxyl functionality of 2 was successfully performed via controlled epoxidation and cleavage of natural rubber, following by a selective reduction reaction of the obtained carbonyltelechelic oligoisoprenes. These HTNR with different molecula r weights (1000-3400 g mol-1) were reproducible obtained with high yields. Chemical modifications on HTNR were performed by epoxidation (10-35%, EHTNR), hydrogenation and oxirane opening reactions. The different microstructures of these oligomers were evidenced by the characterization techniques FT-IR, NMR, SEC and MALDI-TOF MS. Their thermal properties were also investigated by TGA and DSC. Polyurethane foams were successfully prepared from a renewable source, HTNR with different molecular weights and EHTNR having a variation of epoxide content, by one shot technique. The chemical structure and cell structure as well as physico-mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties were characterized to compare with commercial polyol analogues. It was investigated that the obtained HTNR based foams are open cell structures and have cell dimensions between 0. 38 and 0. 47 mm. Concerning, physico-mechanical properties, HTNR1000 based foam exhibits higher tensile and compressive strengths than commercial polyol analogue, but the elongation at break is lower. However, HTNR3400 based foam shows the best for elastic properties. In series of EHTNR based foams, the tensile and compressive strengths give a trendy increasing with increasing the epoxide content. Same results were observed with increasing amount of 1,4-butanediol. For thermal properties, HTNR based foams show better low temperature flexibility than that based on commercial polyol. Moreover, HTNR based polyurethane foams give an excellent acoustic absorber
Larabi, Hocine. "Cristaux phononiques et métamatériaux acoustiques : applications aux domaines du guidage, filtrage et de l'isolation phonique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10085/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to the study of some new properties of phononic crystals and acoustics metamaterials. Most of simulations were carried out using F.D.T.D. method. A preliminary part was devoted to the study of the existence of gaps in a 2D phononic crystal made up of steel cylinders in water and in particular an original application to demultiplexing. In this work, we are more particularly interested by a phononic crystal with localized resonances displaying several low frequencies gaps well below the Bragg gap. The studied crystal consists of concentric cylinders having different elastic constants, immersed in a fluid matrix. It presents several zeros of transmission at low frequencies whose behaviors were studied as a function of the physical and geometrical parameters. We showed how to widen these zeros of transmission to obtain prohibited gaps. We calculated effective parameters around a resonance and showed the possibility of negative effective mass density. The last part of this work is devoted to the study of an original 3D structure, consisted of pillars deposited on a thin plate, which makes it possible to obtain the opening of a very low frequency gap compared to the Bragg gap. We studied the conditions of existence of the forbidden bands as well as guiding and filtering properties of this structure. Finally, we studied the transmission between two substrates across a periodic array of pillars. We highlighted an enhanced transmission, associated to a Fano resonance
Lepert, Guillaume. "Étude des interactions élasto-acoustiques dans des métamatériaux formés d'inclusions résonnantes réparties aléatoirement." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946591.
Повний текст джерелаSacristán, López-Mingo Carlos Javier. "Etude des propriétés acoustiques et comportement à l'impact de matériaux poreux de type mousses métalliques homogènes et inhomogènes." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS035/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is concerned with the theoretical and experimental study of the acoustical properties of macroscopically homogenous and inhomogeneous porous media as well as their mechanical response to impacts. The model of Johnson - Champoux - Allard appeared adapted for the acoustical modeling. This model, associated with a recently developed approach involving the concept of parallel transfer matrices has lead to a new approach of macroscopically inhomogeneous porous materials based on “mixtures of materials”. Furthermore, a parametric study of the absorption coefficient as a function of porosity and frequency has been proposed. The maximums of absorption as well as the envelop of the absorption curves have been studied as functions of porosity. First, a theoretical material with independent parameters has been studied. Real materials with nonindependent parameters were then investigated with the help of a model relating their properties to the porosity. Finally, a comparison between the acoustical and mechanical properties has been initiated in view of determining an objective criterion that will allow to propose a trade off between the two fields
Mante, Pierre-Adrien. "Génération par impulsions laser ultracourtes d'ondes acoustiques hautes fréquences par des nanostructures." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10080/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to the study of the generation of high frequency acoustic waves by nanostructures using ultra-short laser pulses. The higher the frequency of an acoustic wave, the more sensitive it is to small changes inside the material it is propagating in. Reaching higher frequencies will allow the study of the elastic and mechanical properties of smaller structures. The aim of this work is the study by the picosecond ultrasonics technique of nanostructures that enable the generation of high frequency surface or bulk acoustic waves. In order to realize the generation of surface acoustic waves, we studied the vibrations of lattices of organized nanostructures. A model has been established to study those collective vibrations and their links to the generation of surface acoustic waves. Thanks to this model, we developed a method to realize the complete mechanical characterization of thin films. We applied this technique to various materials in different conditions.Quantum dots have been used to realize the generation of high-frequency bulk acoustic waves. The demonstration of the acoustic wave generation by quantum dots has been performed in numerous materials, then we developed a model able to foresee the experimental conditions that made the detection of acoustic waves with frequencies higher than one terahertz possible
Fernez, Nicolas. "Structures périodiques et désordonnées pour l’absorption des ondes électromagnétiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I081/document.
Повний текст джерелаAbsorption of electromagnetic power arouses a lot of interest not solely for stealth applications in military domain, but also in civil life to reduce the exposure to wireless communication signals and to preserve the totality of exchanged information. Absorbers designing for low frequency domain remains a challenge since the object’s thickness has to be proportional to the working wavelength, which leads to significant mass and size. This characteristic is a limiting factor, especially for the on-board equipment protection. That is why the main objective of this thesis is to design a low-profile electromagnetic absorber specified for broadband operation at low frequency (typically between 1 and 10 GHz). First, we tried to deeply understand the role of materials’ constitutive parameters (complex permittivity and permeability) in the power absorption. Next we described the absorption efficiency by a resonant structure in terms of quality factor, thus introducing a balance condition. From this design rules, we proposed several types of absorbing structures. The first one is based on a ferromagnetic composite material structuration either by addition of metallic pattern or by etching technique. Fractals patterns (Moore’s curve) enabled to obtain a relative frequency bandwidth in the range of 130 %, for 90 % power absorption, around a frequency of 7 GHz, for a thickness which is a fraction absorbed wavelength. The other absorbers studied during this thesis display a MIM (metal/ isolator/ metal) structuration with randomly distributed resonators. The random distribution of the first absorber, sized for operating frequencies around 10 GHz, obeys the probability law of Poisson in which overlapping between resonators is allowed. We used some mathematical tools to describe the random distribution’s topology in order to link the absorber’s geometry to the electromagnetic power absorption characteristics. Two other random structures, dimensioned for millimeter wavelengths, distribute the resonators with a no contact condition. We showed that by increasing of density of the resonators, one can obtain an absorbance higher than 90 % with a bandwidth enhancement. Finally, we carried out a prospective study in order regarding a random metasurface which can behaves as a common platform for electromagnetic and acoustic waves in the infrared domain
Blasco, Hugues. "Methodes acoustiques pour caractériser les propriétés mécaniques des muscles : approche fondamentale sur le tissu musculaire de souris. Vers une application clinique pour la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20129/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe muscular dystrophy of Duchenne (DMD) lead a progressive loss of the muscular strength. The objective of this present work is to study the sensibility of an ultrasound acoustic method (50 MHz) and a résonant method (25 kHz) to the changes of properties of muscle tissues of mdx mice models. The mesured parameters are the ultrasound attenuation for the echographic method and the complexe shear modulus for the résonant method.In this manuscript we explain the development of these two methods adapted to the study of two muscular tissues of mouse: the diaphragm and the skin. The ultrasound method allowed to quantify the changes of biological properties of the diaphragm according to the percentage of non muscular area on 3-month-old mice in 24 months. The résonant acoustic method, generates a field pressure in the tissue leading a shearing tissue. This method allowed to estimate différences of mechanical properties on the diaphragm and on the skin between healthy tissues and pathological tissues. We think the obtained results authorize the development of the resonant method for in vivo applications to human touched by DMD
Doan, Dinh Hong. "Impact de la température sur les propriétés mécaniques et acoustiques des roches concernées par la production en SAGD, lors de l'injection de vapeur dans les réservoirs d'huile lourde." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00657493.
Повний текст джерелаLanoy, Maxime. "Acoustique des milieux bulleux : applications à la conception de métamatériaux et à la manipulation de bulles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC147/document.
Повний текст джерелаA bubble undergoing an acoustic wave is likely to oscillate. The displacement of theair-fluid interface generates a local compression of the outer fluid where a scatteredwave is thus created. This very simple mechanism has been successfully described bythe famous Rayleigh-Plesset formula derived at the beginning of the previous century.At low frequencies, the resonant behavior (Minnaert) is responsible for a strongenhancement of the oscillations of the bubble which thus becomes a very efficientscatterer. In a realistic media, bubbles are not isolated. The interferences occurringbetween an infinity of scattering sequences make the description of the propagation alot harder to achieve.In this thesis, we introduce the effective theories that are classically adopted todescribe random bubbly liquids. After being compared to our numerical results, thesetheories are used in order to design bubbly materials featuring some interesting propertiessuch as superfocusing or negative refraction.The case of periodic assembly is addressed as well for both a simple square latticebubble raft and a cubic centered faces bi-periodic crystal. We show that the periodicityinduces an explicit modification in the dispersion of the medium and offers asimple tunable parameter.At last, we focus on the possibility for the bubble to move inside the host fluid andwhich is thus likely to experience an acoustic radiation pressure called Bjerknes force.We show how the secondary Bjerknes force, resulting from the wave scattered by abubble toward its neighbors, can be exploited in order to manipulate one or severalfree bubble flowing near one or several trapped bubbles
Mamoud, Fady. "Modélisation de l'élasticité et du fluage des empilements gravitaires de sphères creuses métalliques brasées." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0056.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis was about studying a cellular material intended to combine mechanical and acoustical properties in order to be used to reduce aircraft engines noise. The study focused on elasticity and creep of cellular materials based on gravity-driven packings of brazed metallic hollow spheres. The approach was, at first, to numerically generate and characterize experimental-like gravity-driven packings. Then, in order to enable us to simulate the mechanical behaviour of these materials, a simplified calculation model based on shell finite elements has been set-up. This model allowed us to numerically characterize the elastic properties of this kind of but could not be used to simulate the creep behaviour of the packings. We thus studied the creep behaviour of some model structures to assess the difference between these materials and metal foams behaviour. This study has shown that, unlike foams, hollow spheres based materials almost never display a steady creep state
Huang, Weichun. "Acoustic properties of natural materials." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1031/document.
Повний текст джерелаStraw-inspired metamaterials for sound absorption are investigated in this Thesis. A straw stack is idealized as a highly concentratedresonant anisotropic porous medium constituted of a periodic arrangement of densely packed cylindrical hollow tubes. The approach tothis metamaterial relies on the two-scale asymptotic homogenization of a permeable array of perfectly rigid resonators, where the physicsis further enriched by tailoring inner resonances. The main features of such sound absorbing medium are the possibility for the effectivecompressibility to become negative around the tube resonance and the drastic reduction of the effective sound speed (slow sound) at verylow frequency in the system. Moreover, an optimal configuration for sound absorption is designed, based on the critical couplingcondition, in which the energy leakage out of the open resonant system is perfectly compensated by the intrinsic losses induced by thevisco-thermal losses both in the anisotropic matrix and in the resonators. Impedance tube measurements are performed on 3-D printedsamples with controlled parameters to validate the theoretical results. This metamaterial is a sub-wavelength absorber that can achievetotal absorption at a very low frequency and possesses a quasi-band-gap around the tube resonance. Furthermore, the anisotropic nature ofthe configuration gives rise to high absorption at low-frequency range for all incidences and diffuse field excitation. It paves the way tothe design of angular and frequency selective sound absorber. To conclude, the results of this Thesis show that straw is a good candidatefor perfect sound absorption
Combriat, Thomas. "Etude d'une assemblée de bulles microfluidiques excitées par une onde ultrasonore : transmission acoustique et phénomène de streaming." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY052/document.
Повний текст джерелаBecause of the important compressibility of gas bubbles in water, inducing a very low resonance frequency, one can find interest in studying bubbles from an acoustic and a fluid mechanics point of view. Using microfluidics techniques in order to produce assemblies of acoustically driven bi-dimensional bubbles, we are studying their influence on both acoustic waves and the surrounding fluid.Bubbles being sub-wavelength resonators, we show that a micro-bubbles assembly interacts with acoustical waves which wavelengths that are substantially bigger than the bubbles size. Developing a way to extract bubbles contribution to the acoustic signal, we show that their resonance frequency follows a law slightly different from the one Minnaert had found for spherical bubbles. The impact of this medium on the acoustical wave has been studied and we show that a decrease in the acoustical transmission happens in a range of frequencies above the resonance. This decrease can be adjusted in amplitude and in frequency making our system an easily tunable metameterial.Because of the strong response of bubbles induced by acoustical waves, the bubbles surface oscillates with a great amplitude in the surrounding fluid. This oscillation, working together with a coupling present between the bubbles, can drive a strong steady streaming in the fluid. Systems of several bubbles are studied, and a theory is proposed in order to predict the flow they induce. The interaction between the streaming phenomenon and an external flow is also presented, showing that exclusion zones can be present under certain circumstances in these systems. These exclusion zones can be useful in micro-fluidics in order to trap particles or chemicals
Jin, Yabin. "Design of acoustic artificial structured materials : piezoelectric superlattice, gradient index lens, pillar based phononic crystal plate." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10011/document.
Повний текст джерелаPhononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials are artificial structured materials which provide a promising way to manipulate acoustic/elastic waves with many novel potential applications. After an introduction to the state of the art, the 2nd chapter designs actively controlled multilayers with piezoelectric resonant structures. The corresponding transmission and effective properties can be tuned by changing the electric boundary conditions of the piezoelectric materials. The 3rd chapter develops homogenization methods for phononic crystal plates and demonstrates for the first time the possibility of controlling simultaneously all the fundamental Lamb waves. The full control method developed here is applied to the design of various gradient index lenses that can exhibit several functionalities such as wave focusing or wave beaming. The 4th chapter designs a new type of phononic crystal/metamaterial plate with hollow pillars that exhibits several new localized modes, such as whispering-gallery modes, inside both Bragg and low frequency band gaps. These modes can be actively tuned by filling the hollow parts with a liquid for which the height or the temperature is controlled. The 5th chapter proposes acoustic metasurface consisting of a single pillar or one line of pillars deposited on a thin plate. Local resonances of dipolar and monopolar symmetries can be characterized which are very sensitive to the pillar’s geometric parameters. We study the amplitude and phase of the waves resulting from the scattering of an incident wave by the pillars and show that they can be described as dipolar or monopolar waves emitted by the pillar resonators as acoustic sources
Lei, Lei. "Étude des matériaux poreux thermo compressés pour la modélisation des écrans acoustiques automobiles." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2428/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work was carried out in the framework of the project EcOBEx, whose main objective was to reduce the passby noise by mean of acoustic shields in the engine compartment of the vehicle. The acoustic shields are manufactured by thermocompression of uniform porous materials. The material’s properties and thickness evolve according to the degree of compression experienced by the material. The objective of this work is to propose some laws to predict the evolution of the materials properties from their initial non compressed values and the compression rate. Firstly, we focus on the parameters of the Johnson-Champoux-Allard-Lafarge (JCAL) equivalent fluid model : porosity, air-flow resistivity, tortuosity, viscous characteristic lengths, thermal characteristic length, static thermal permeability. Some analytical expressions are proposed to predict the variation of these parameters as a function of compression. They are derived from a physical model of cylindrical fibres where the fibre orientation variations induced by the thermocompression can be taken into account. The results are in good agreement with the measurements made two types of materials (open cell foam and fibrous). A generalized empirical model is finally proposed for the air-flow resistivity.In a second part, we focus on the elastic parameters, which are necessary to take into account the vibration of the skeleton. The quasi-static experimental method is first applied to study the evolution of the Young’s modulus along the compression rate for fibrous and open cell foams. A power law is then proposed to predict these variations. Finally, an inverse method for estimating the elastic properties of an orthotropic poro-elastic material from a vibratory measurement of a thermocompressed three layer sandwich structure is proposed. This method allows us to characterize the elastic properties of a porous material in a situation close to its actual application
Aivaliotis, Alexios. "Propagation et diffusion des ondes au niveau macroscopique des métamatériaux limites via le modèle micromorphique relaxé." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI073.
Повний текст джерелаMechanical microstructured metamaterials are increasingly gaining attention from the scientific and engineering community. The question of modeling the behavior of metamaterials is of extreme importance. Some choose an approach, which is reminiscent of the classical theory of elasticity: enriched continuum mechanics. We employ the enriched continuum model named relaxed micromorphic model in order to study wave propagation and scattering at interfaces between materials and metamaterials. Dealing with the correct boundary conditions at the macroscopic scale becomes challenging. We show how finite-domain boundary value problems can be set-up in the framework of the relaxed micromorphic model. We set up the full plane wave solution of the scattering from an interface separating a Cauchy medium from a relaxed micromorphic one. Both media are isotropic and semi-infinite. Generalized macroscopic boundary conditions are presented, which allow the effective description of the scattering properties of an interface between a homogeneous solid and a mechanical metamaterial. The associated generalized energy flux is introduced. We show that the contrast of the macroscopic stiffnesses of the two media, together with the type of boundary conditions strongly influence the onset of Stoneley waves at the interface. This allows to tailor the scattering properties of the interface at both low and high frequencies, ranging from zones of complete transmission to zones of zero transmission well beyond the band-gap. We then consider a bulk wave propagation problem and show that the transient waveforms arising from several localised pulses in a micro-structured material can be reproduced. We compare the dynamic response of a bounded micro-structured material to that of bounded continua with special kinematic properties. We show that, while the Cauchy theory is able to describe the overall behavior of the metastructure only at low frequencies, the relaxed micromorphic model goes far beyond by giving a correct description of the pulse propagation in the frequency bandgap and at frequencies intersecting the optical branches. Finally, we present the case of a metamaterial slab of finite width. Its scattering properties are studied via a semi-analytical solution of the relaxed micromorphic model and compared to numerical simulations encoding all details of the selected microstructure. The reflection coefficient obtained via the two methods is presented as a function of the frequency and the direction of propagation of the incident wave. We find excellent agreement for a large range of frequencies. The case of a semi-infinite metamaterial is also presented and is seen to be a reliable measure of the average behavior of the finite metastructure
Michau, Marc. "Méthode des impédances mécaniques virtuelles optimales pour le contrôle actif vibroacoustique d'un panneau aéronautique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6017.
Повний текст джерелаMerotte, Justin. "Contribution a l'étude des matériaux composites renforcés par des fibres végétales aiguilletées." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS444.
Повний текст джерелаProposing solutions to produce more efficient and environmentally friendly automotive parts has become a major challenge for tier one suppliers. The work described in this thesis is about understanding and improving composite materials made with commingled plant fibre nonwovens. From the same initial nonwoven, it is possible to obtain very distinct material structures by controlling porosity content. One can then give to the material enhanced acoustic properties with high porosity content (50%) or in the contrary show good mechanical properties by limiting porosities. Material structure will evolve with porosity as well as its mechanical behavior. Thus, as function of porosity, interfacial adhesion of fibre mechanical properties will govern composite mechanical properties. Biocomposite automotive parts are exposed to a large range of climatic environments and their mechanical properties can vary significantly. Indeed, radial stresses are drastically influenced by the reinforcement hygroscopic state. Finally, the idea developing an innovative material structure from compression moulding wastes has helped enhancing material rigidity
Malléjac, Matthieu. "Metamaterials with extreme properties for the control of acoustic waves." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2020/2020LEMA1024.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаZero-index metamaterials, for which at least one of the effective parameters (density or dynamic compressibility for acoustics) vanishes, have received considerable attention in recent years. These materials have the particularity of inducing a considerable increase in the effective wavelength, thus offering numerous application possibilities, including, among others, propagation without phase change, acoustic hiding of diffusers, directivity control, etc. This PhD work focuses particularly on the near-zero effective density regime in acoustic metamaterials made of thin plates in air. Through an in-depth study of a periodic arrangement of thin elastic plates embedded in a waveguide, we have been able to explore analytically, numerically and experimentally some of the above effects. Particular attention is paid to the losses inherent to this type of system and their consequences on the expected behavior. We begin by studying numerically and experimentally observing a phase-change-free propagation through the metamaterial at a frequency in a stopband of the finite system. We then transpose the concept of photonic doping to acoustics. The addition of an impurity, here a well-chosen Helmholtz resonator, to the system allows to transform the regime of zero density into one where density and compressibility are simultaneously near zero. Thus, propagation without phase change is accompanied by a unitary transmission, due to the impedance matching of the system with the surrounding air. Finally, we study the possibility of performing acoustic hiding or masking of an object using the acoustic wavelength stretching offered by the zero density
Oudich, Mourad. "Contribution à l'étude des cristaux phononiques à résonance locale dans les régimes sonique et hypersonique : approches théorique et expérimentale." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10065/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this PhD work, we focused our interest on the theoretical and experimental study of locally resonant phononic crystals (LRPC) operating in sonic and hypersonic regimes. We first developed numerical models to understand the dispersion behaviour of elastic waves in those plate-type LRPC in which the silicone rubber plays a key role. We showed that with such structure, we can understand clearly how the local resonance (LR) mechanism operates to give rise to opening of low frequency BG two orders of magnitude that the one allowed by Bragg diffusion. The physics behind such structures was also figured out by means of theoretical models. An experimental study was then undertaken by manufacturing a new LRPC plate which has been characterized in terms of elastic behaviour and BG investigation. A perfect concordance was demonstrated between the theoretical an experimental results by evidencing a 2kHz BG opening using a 6mm diameter rubber stub and 1cm periodicity. In addition, waveguiding phenomena was investigated in those structures and showed the possibility of guiding of only one defect mode unlike conventional PCs in which many defects modes are generated. A second part of this study was dealt with LR mechanism in hypersonic regime. Using a new numerical and theoretical approach, we were able to show the BG opening and waveguiding for surface acoustic waves (SAW) in a LRPC composed of metallic stubs arranged on a diamond semi-infinite substrate. The added value of LR in such frequency regime remains in its ability to select only one guided mode due to the longer involved wavelengths. Such structures can then be suitable for filtering and demultiplexing applications
Brouard, Yoann. "Caractérisation et optimisation d'un composite biosource pour l'habitat." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4024.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this study was to compare hygrothermal acoustical and mechanical properties ot different materials based on vegetal aggregates and clay in order to characterize the performances of different biocomposites to provide building insulation solutions with a view to valorizing agricultural waste. We first analyzed the raw materials in order to get the density, thermal and hydric properties of the vegetal aggregates in one hand and the mineralogy and gravimetric data of the selected crude earth in the other hand. Thermal behavior of earth:vegetal aggregates mixes have been investigated at different humidity rates and different density ranges. Additionally, hydric properties have been measured to produce sorption and desorption curves and moisture buffer values (MBV) in one hand and capillarity of both aggregates and biocomposites on the other hand. One of the main interests of this study is to confirm that a wide range of locally produced vegetal byproducts could be used as - bioaggregates for concretes. Local biomaterials industries could therefore emerge depending on the locally available resources at country scale
Abi, Ghanem Maroun. "Microscope opto-acoustique utilisant la technique d'acoustique picoseconde pour l'échographie cellulaire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0167/document.
Повний текст джерелаAdhesion and mechanical properties of cells are key players in several cellular functions and areinvolved in the development of degenerative diseases. To characterize these quantities, we developedin this work an opto-acoustic microscope for the non-invasive imaging of the mechanics of individualcells with a sub-cell resolution. This microscope uses the Picosecond Ultrasonics (PU) technique thatallows optical generation and detection of acoustic waves with a large bandwidth up to 1 THz. In orderto reproduce the mechanical behaviour of cells at acoustic frequencies greater than 10 GHz, a studyof cell-mimicking micro-objects is first considered. The rigidity, viscosity and thickness of these microlayeredstructures are characterized. In the second part of this manuscript, the PU technique isapplied for imaging the contact between a simple animal cell and a biomaterial, as well as the acousticimpedance of this cell. An essential tool for analysing the acoustic signal is developed. In the thirdpart, the opto-acoustic microscope operating between 10 and 100 GHz is finally presented. It is basedon an asynchronous pump-probe setup that allows producing acoustic images within a short time (4pixels/min) and offering an axial resolution of about 10 nm. This is similar to cell ultrasonography. Thestudy of the adhesion and of the mechanical properties of different cell types at different stages of cellmaturation is then tackled. The topographic images of thin cell regions (< 50 nm) are also analysed.The microscope implemented during this thesis should offer the possibility of exploring new avenuesin the field of cellular biology
Wang, Wei. "Manipulation of Lamb waves with elastic metamaterials." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS414.
Повний текст джерелаWe develop elastic pillared metamaterials to manipulate Lamb waves. Firstly, the negative properties associated with bending, compression and torsion resonances in two structures consisting of pillars on one side of a thin plate are examined. We describe in details two different mechanisms at the origin of doubly negative property. The potential of these structures for negative refraction of Lamb waves and acoustic cloaking is demonstrated numerically. Secondly, we present the topologically protected transport of Lamb waves by analogy with quantum spin and valley quantum Hall effects. By rearranging the previous structures into a honeycomb network, a single Dirac cone and a double Dirac cone are introduced. We discuss the appearance of topologically valley-protected edge states in an asymmetrical double-sided pillar structure. The unidirectional propagation of edge states on different domain walls is studied. In addition, we consider a symmetrical double-sided system allowing the separation of the symmetric and antisymmetric modes. Combined edge states protected topologically by pseudospin and pseudospin-valley degree of freedom are demonstrated. Third, we propose an approach to actively control the transmission of the antisymmetric Lamb wave propagating through an infinite line of pillars. Two different situations with bending and compression resonances respectively separated or superimposed are studied. External tensile force and pressure are applied to the pillars, which allows them to couple with the bending and compressive vibrations. The transmission is studied as a function of the amplitude and the relative phase of the external sources
Parra, Martinez Juan Pablo. "On multilayered system dynamics and waves in anisotropic poroelastic media." Doctoral thesis, KTH, VinnExcellence Center for ECO2 Vehicle design, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195801.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20161110
Chaban, Levgeniia. "Investigation of thermal and mechanical behavior of ultra-thin liquids at GHz frequencies." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1039/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe phenomenon of liquid structuring near interfaces is related to the liquid/interface interaction forces at distances of some molecular dimensions. Despite the fact that this universal structuring effect plays a key role in various fields such as heat transport, particle transport through biological membranes, nanofluidics, microbiology and nanorheology, the experimental investigation of liquid structuring remainschallenging.The aim of this PhD thesis is the experimental study of the structuring/ordering of liquids at nanoscale distances from their interfaces with solids. In this context, we have adapted the experimental technique of picosecond laser ultrasonics to investigate high-frequency longitudinal acoustic properties of ultrathin liquids confined between solid surfaces of different types. At first, we will present results of time-domain Brillouin scattering (TDBS) used to determine the temperature distribution profile in the investigated liquid volume which can be extrapolated to nanometer dimensions. Results for the evolution of the extracted Brillouin scattering frequencies and attenuation rates recorded at different laser powers give insight to the intrinsic relationship between thermal and mechanical properties of liquids. Second, we will describe our results for the measurements of mechanical properties of ultrathin liquids with a nanometric resolution. Fourier analysis of the recorded TDBS signals for different liquid thicknesses yield the value of the longitudinal speed of sound and attenuation at GHz frequencies. This novel TDBS experimental scheme is a first step towards the understanding of confined liquids measured by GHz ultrasonic probing
Guo, Xinxin. "Nonlinear architected metasurfaces for acoustic wave scattering manipulation." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1030/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years, acoustic metamaterials have proven to be of great interest for their ability to achieve a variety of wave control at sub-wavelength scale. In particular, acoustic metasurfaces have shown their ability to manipulate waves from the boundaries of propagation media, via the reflection, transmission and refraction processes. Unlike the linear regime which has been extensively investigated in acoustic metamaterials, studies of the nonlinear acoustic properties of metamaterials, especially nonlinear acoustic metasurfaces, are quite scarce, despite the possibility to lead to a rich and diverse set of non-trivial acoustic phenomena. The key limitations in the development of nonlinear acoustic metamaterials are the typically weak efficiency of their nonlinear response together with the lack of control on this nonlinearity. This PhD research is thus dedicated to the design of nonlinear elastic metamaterial and metasurface architectures, enabling acoustic wave control in the nonlinear regime. Specifically, the conversion effect from a fundamental wave to its second harmonic is studied through the one-dimensional scattering process (reflection and transmission) by metasurfaces. This requires the elastic nonlinearity management, realized via the discrete modeling of lumped-element systems and architectures made of rotating units. Such designed metasurfaces, resonating and with harnessed nonlinearity, can create unusual nonlinear acoustic effects, potentially interesting for wave control. This research open the path to a more systematic study of nonlinear acoustic wave manipulation by metamaterials