Статті в журналах: "Metals/metalloids"

1

Baek, Dong-Jun, Deok Hyun Moon, Jung-Hwan Kwon, and Jinsung An. "A Comparative Analysis of the Oral Bioaccessibility of Metals/Metalloids Determined Using the Unified Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe Method and 0.07 M HCl Single Extraction Method." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 9, 2023): 12168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612168.

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Metals and metalloids in consumer products can be ingested by humans and cause health problems. The unified Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe (BARGE) method (UBM, i.e., ISO 17924), with complex digestive ingredients, and the 0.07 M HCl single extraction method, as a simplified means, have been widely used to assess oral bioaccessibility in vitro. Herein, the bioaccessible concentrations of metals and metalloids in 13 certified reference materials acting as surrogates for consumer products were determined using the UBM and the 0.07 M HCl single extraction method and compared. The bioaccessible concentrations of metals and metalloids evaluated using the UBM and the 0.07 M HCl single extraction method ranged from 0.002 to 17,449 mg/kg and from 0.003 to 20,283 mg/kg, respectively; their bioaccessibility ranged from 0.00002 to 26.9% and from 0.00002 to 36.6%, respectively. The 0.07 M HCl single extraction method showed higher concentrations, as the bioaccessible concentrations of metals and metalloids differed by 1.38 times (i.e., the slope of the linear regression), indicating its potential for conservative assessment. However, the Student’s t-test results for the 12 metals and metalloids showed no significant differences (p-value ≥ 0.05). It demonstrated that the relatively simple 0.07 M HCl single extraction method can be used as an in vitro test method to assess the oral bioaccessibility of metals and metalloids in various consumer products by replacing the UBM and/or through its use as a screening method prior to the application of the UBM, thereby moving towards green analytical chemistry.

2

Júnior, Fernando Barbosa, Marcelo Farina, Susana Viegas, and Wilma De Grava Kempinas. "Toxicology of Metals and Metalloids." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/253738.

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3

Graedel, T. E., E. M. Harper, N. T. Nassar, Philip Nuss, and Barbara K. Reck. "Criticality of metals and metalloids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 14 (March 23, 2015): 4257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500415112.

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Imbalances between metal supply and demand, real or anticipated, have inspired the concept of metal criticality. We here characterize the criticality of 62 metals and metalloids in a 3D “criticality space” consisting of supply risk, environmental implications, and vulnerability to supply restriction. Contributing factors that lead to extreme values include high geopolitical concentration of primary production, lack of available suitable substitutes, and political instability. The results show that the limitations for many metals important in emerging electronics (e.g., gallium and selenium) are largely those related to supply risk; those of platinum group metals, gold, and mercury, to environmental implications; and steel alloying elements (e.g., chromium and niobium) as well as elements used in high-temperature alloys (e.g., tungsten and molybdenum), to vulnerability to supply restriction. The metals of most concern tend to be those available largely or entirely as byproducts, used in small quantities for highly specialized applications, and possessing no effective substitutes.

4

Karaś, Katarzyna, and Marcin Frankowski. "Analysis of Hazardous Elements in Children Toys: Multi-Elemental Determination by Chromatography and Spectrometry Methods." Molecules 23, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 3017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23113017.

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This paper presents the results of determination of hazardous metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and metalloid (As, Sb) levels in toys available in the Polish market. Two independent sample preparation methods were used to determine the concentration and content of the metals and metalloids. The first one is defined by the guidelines of the EN-71 standard and undertook extraction in 0.07 mol/L HCl. This method was used to conduct speciation analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), as well as for the determination of selected metals and metalloids. The second method conducted mineralization in a HNO3 and H2O2 mixture using microwave energy to determine the content of metals and metalloids. Determination of chromium forms was made using the high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) method, while those of metals and metalloids were made using the ICP-MS technique. Additionally, in order to determine total content of chromium in toys, an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX) was used. The results of the analyses showed that Cr(VI) was not detected in the toys. In general, the content of heavy metals and metalloids in the studied samples was below the migration limit set by the norm EN-71.

5

Zhang, Lingxiao, Zhengyan Liu, Yun Song, Junkang Sui, and Xuewen Hua. "Advances in the Involvement of Metals and Metalloids in Plant Defense Response to External Stress." Plants 13, no. 2 (January 20, 2024): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13020313.

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Plants, as sessile organisms, uptake nutrients from the soil. Throughout their whole life cycle, they confront various external biotic and abiotic threats, encompassing harmful element toxicity, pathogen infection, and herbivore attack, posing risks to plant growth and production. Plants have evolved multifaceted mechanisms to cope with exogenous stress. The element defense hypothesis (EDH) theory elucidates that plants employ elements within their tissues to withstand various natural enemies. Notably, essential and non-essential trace metals and metalloids have been identified as active participants in plant defense mechanisms, especially in nanoparticle form. In this review, we compiled and synthetized recent advancements and robust evidence regarding the involvement of trace metals and metalloids in plant element defense against external stresses that include biotic stressors (such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity) and abiotic environmental stressors (such as pathogen invasion and herbivore attack). We discuss the mechanisms underlying the metals and metalloids involved in plant defense enhancement from physiological, biochemical, and molecular perspectives. By consolidating this information, this review enhances our understanding of how metals and metalloids contribute to plant element defense. Drawing on the current advances in plant elemental defense, we propose an application prospect of metals and metalloids in agricultural products to solve current issues, including soil pollution and production, for the sustainable development of agriculture. Although the studies focused on plant elemental defense have advanced, the precise mechanism under the plant defense response still needs further investigation.

6

Wołowiec, Magdalena, Małgorzata Komorowska-Kaufman, Alina Pruss, Grzegorz Rzepa, and Tomasz Bajda. "Removal of Heavy Metals and Metalloids from Water Using Drinking Water Treatment Residuals as Adsorbents: A Review." Minerals 9, no. 8 (August 14, 2019): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9080487.

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Heavy metal contamination is one of the most important environmental issues. Therefore, appropriate steps need to be taken to reduce heavy metals and metalloids in water to acceptable levels. Several treatment methods have been developed recently to adsorb these pollutants. This paper reviews the ability of residuals generated as a by-product from the water treatment plants to adsorb heavy metals and metalloids from water. Water treatment residuals have great sorption capacities due to their large specific surface area and chemical composition. Sorption capacity is also affected by sorption conditions. A survey of the literature shows that water treatment residuals may be a suitable material for developing an efficient adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals and metalloids from water.

7

Sharma, Pooja. "Phytoremediation of Metals and Metalloids from Industrial Wastewater." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 7, no. 04 (December 31, 2021): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v7i04.2.

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Heavy metal and metalloid pollution are growing concern around the world. Toxic heavy metals (HMs) such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) are a major environmental issue which is generated from anthropogenic activities. Metals and metalloids are a class of elements that fall between metals and non-metals in respect of physico-chemical characteristics. The absorption of such toxic metals in farmlands raises concerns about food safety as well as decreases in plant growth and productivity and yield of crops. Several metalloids are recognized to be required or quasi-essential for plant growth and development, such as boron, selenium, and silicon. Various ions may be beneficial to plant growth and development when present in low concentrations, but when present in large concentrations, they frequently have harmful impacts. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in metalloid absorption by plant roots, subsequent transport to various tissues, and inter/intra-cellular redistribution is crucial in this regard. There have also been discoveries of different transporters and membrane channels involved in these processes. It has also touched on the absorption, distribution, and storage of metalloids in plants, as well as the molecular mechanisms that underpin their response. Traditional wastewater treatment technologies are typically expensive, time-consuming, dangerous to the environment, and inefficient. The phytoremediation of metals and metalloids have been examined in depth in this review. Furthermore, we have discussed earlier theories and arguments about the role and consequences of metalloids in plants using current information to provide interesting insights. Researchers focus on techniques that used enhance the accuracy of phytostabilization and phytoextraction, such as genetically engineered, microbiota and chelate-assisted strategies. The above overview also highlights the limitations and future perspectives of sustainable phytoremediation.

8

Perera, W. P. R. T., M. D. N. R. Dayananda, D. M. U. C. Dissanayake, R. A. S. D. Rathnasekara, W. S. M. Botheju, J. A. Liyanage, S. K. Weragoda, and K. A. M. Kularathne. "Risk Assessment of Trace Element Contamination in Drinking Water and Agricultural Soil: A Study in Selected Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) Endemic Areas in Sri Lanka." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (January 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627254.

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Unexplained or unclear etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKDu) has been reported in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province (NCP) for more than two decades. Meanwhile, high exposure to heavy metals/metalloids and their accumulation are recognized as the origin of many acute and chronic diseases in certain vulnerable human tissues including kidneys. This study evaluates the contamination status of heavy metals/metalloids of the drinking water and agricultural soil in two CKDu endemic areas compared with a reference area in Sri Lanka based on common indexes and attribute of the commonly used fertilizers evaluated to identify the basic sources of toxic metals in the agricultural soil. Mean concentrations of heavy metals/metalloids such as Mn, Co, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Fe in drinking water of CKDu endemic areas were far below Sri Lankan water quality standards (permissible limits). In addition, all sampling locations dropped below the medium range of the heavy metal pollution index of water (HPI 15–40). Geoaccumulation indexes (Igeo) of soil reveal that paddy soil in CKDu endemic areas is being moderately polluted with toxic metals/metalloids such as As, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Cd. On the other hand, the application of fertilizers, which contained a high dose of toxic metals, could be the driving force for agricultural soil pollution, and limitless application of low-quality fertilizer would lead to more soil contamination with heavy metals. Hence, hazardous metals can be incorporated into the food chains via contaminated paddy soil.

9

Hess, Jeffrey, and Mark Sorensen. "Geogenic versus Anthropogenic Metals and Metalloids." Journal of Environmental Protection 09, no. 05 (2018): 468–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2018.95029.

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10

Raab, Andrea, and Jörg Feldmann. "Microbial Transformation of Metals and Metalloids." Science Progress 86, no. 3 (August 2003): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/003685003783238671.

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Throughout evolution, microbes have developed the ability to live in nearly every environmental condition on earth. They can grow with or without oxygen or light. Microbes can dissolve or precipitate ores and are able to yield energy from the reduction/oxidation of metal ions. Their metabolism depends on the availability of metal ions in essential amounts and protects itself from toxic amounts of metals by detoxification processes. Metals are metabolised to metallorgano-compounds, bound to proteins or used as catalytic centres of enzymes in biological reactions. Microbes, as every other cell, have developed a whole range of mechanisms for the uptake and excretion of metals and their metabolised compounds. The diversity of microbial metabolism can be illustrated by the fact that certain microbes can be found living on arsenate, which is considered a highly toxic metal for most other forms of live.

11

Melake, Bealemlay Abebe, Salie Mulat Endalew, Tamagnu Sintie Alamirew, and Liku Muche Temesegen. "Bioaccumulation and Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor of Metals and Metalloids in Edible Fish: A Systematic Review in Ethiopian Surface Waters." Environmental Health Insights 17 (January 2023): 117863022311593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302231159349.

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Metals and metalloids pollution of Ethiopian surface water is becoming an environmental issue. Bioaccumulation and Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BAF and BSAF) are used to quantify the bioaccumulation of contaminants from water and sediment to biota. The present study aimed to determine the BAF and BSAF of metals and metalloids in different surface waters of Ethiopia. Furthermore, the ecological and human health risks were also examined. Generally, 902 peer-reviewed papers from 2005 to 2022 were searched using search engines. The most common types of edible fish species in studied surface waters of Ethiopia were Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, and Barbus intermedius. The concentration of metals and metalloids were higher in sediment than in water and in carnivorous fish than in herbivorous fish. The BSAF of Se in all fish species was greater than 1. Oreochromis niloticus was a bio-concentrator of As and Se. The dissolved concentration of Cu, Cd, Pb, and Ni were higher compared to the Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority and the European Union; Organization of Economic and Co-Operation Development environmental water quality standard guidelines for inland surface freshwater bodies. Likewise, in sediment, the concentration of Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Cr were above Tolerable Effect Concentration values and Cd, Ni, and Cr were above Probable Effect Concentration levels when compared to the United States Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines for freshwater which indicates that these metals may pose risk to aquatic organisms. Consumption of raw water and fish contaminated with the detected metals and metalloids is not associated with any diseases. However, local consumers who live close to each freshwater ecosystem may become more exposed to health risk hazards. The findings of this study will provide baseline information on BAF and BSAF of metals and metalloids in surface waters and will contribute to the effective monitoring of environmental quality.

12

Brzeziński, Bartłomiej, and Dominika Iskra-Świercz. "Heavy Metals and Metalloids Leachability from Composite Ground Materials Peat – Fly Ash – Lime." Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 23 (2021): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54740/ros.2021.036.

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This publication presents the test results of heavy metals and metalloids leachability from ground composite materials. The components of the obtained composites are peat and stabilizing binders in the form of fly ash and hydrated lime. The composites were designed to be used to stabilize low-bearing organic soil in the Lake Druzno basin in the area of Żuławy Elbląskie. The results of the leachability studies show that as the lime hydrated in the composition of the composite increases, the leachability of heavy metals and metalloids decreases. The decrease in the leachability of these elements is also influenced by the increase in the pH value. The results of heavy metals and metalloids leachability from composites as well as the obtained pH values make it possible to conclude that they are neutral to the ground environment and can be used in engineering practice under specific conditions in the area of Żuławy Elbląskie.

13

Aprile, Alessio, and Luigi De Bellis. "Editorial for Special Issue “Heavy Metals Accumulation, Toxicity, and Detoxification in Plants”." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 4103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114103.

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14

Mukherjee, Anirban Goutam, Kaviyarasi Renu, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Sathishkumar Vinayagam, Soraya Paz-Montelongo, Abhijit Dey, et al. "Heavy Metal and Metalloid Contamination in Food and Emerging Technologies for Its Detection." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021195.

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Heavy metal and metalloid poisoning in the environment and food has piqued the public’s interest since it poses significant hazards to the ecological system and human health. In food, several metals, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), tin (Sn), manganese (Mn), and aluminium (Al), and metalloids, including arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and selenium (Se), pose a severe threat to human health. It is of utmost importance to detect even minute quantities of these toxic elements and this must be efficiently determined to understand their risk. Several traditional and advanced technologies, including atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), spectrofluorimetry, inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, e-tongues, electrochemical aptasensors, Raman spectroscopy, and fluorescence sensors, among other techniques, have proven highly beneficial in quantifying even the minute concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids in food and dietary supplements. Hence, this review aims to understand the toxicity of these metals and metalloids in food and to shed light on the emerging technologies for their detection.

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Spencer, Peter S., and Valerie S. Palmer. "Direct and Indirect Neurotoxic Potential of Metal/Metalloids in Plants and Fungi Used for Food, Dietary Supplements, and Herbal Medicine." Toxics 9, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9030057.

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Plants and mushrooms bioconcentrate metals/metalloids from soil and water such that high levels of potentially neurotoxic elements can occur in cultivated and wild species used for food. While the health effects of excessive exposure to metals/metalloids with neurotoxic potential are well established, overt neurological disease from prolonged ingestion of contaminated botanicals has not been recognized. However, the presence of metal elements may affect levels of botanical neurotoxins in certain plants and mushrooms that are established causes of acute and chronic neurological disease.

16

Zhou, Yuhua, Jing Lei, Yu Zhang, Jing Zhu, Yanna Lu, Xuefang Wu, and Hao Fang. "Determining Discharge Characteristics and Limits of Heavy Metals and Metalloids for Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in China Based on Statistical Methods." Water 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091248.

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Industrial wastewater and sewage are both important sources of heavy metals and metalloids in urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). China has made great efforts to control heavy metal and metalloid pollution by setting discharge limits for WWTPs. There is, however, limited discharge data and no systematic methodology for the derivation of discharge limits. In this study, 14 heavy metals and metalloids (Hg, alkyl mercury, As, Cd, Cr, Cr6+, Pb, Ni, Be, Ag, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se) that are listed in the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002) were selected for the analysis of discharge characteristics while using the supervised monitoring data from more than 800 WWTPs located in nine provinces in China. Of the 14 heavy metals and metalloids, all but alkyl mercury were detected in the discharge water. There was a high rate of detection of As, Cu, Mn, Se, and there were some samples that exceeded the standard concentrations of Cr, Cr6+, Pb, and Ni. Removal rates of Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Cr6+, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Se were higher than 40%, comparable to values from other countries. Hg and As were selected to analyze the influencing factors of effluent and derive discharge limits of WWTPs using a statistical method, because these two metals had more detected data than other metals. The study used supervised monitoring data from Zhejiang WWTPs with 99 for Hg and 112 for As. Based on the delta-lognormal distribution, the results showed that geographic location was significantly closely correlated with Hg (P = 0.027 < 0.05) and As (P ≈ 0 < 0.05) discharge concentrations, while size (for Hg P = 0.695 > 0.05, for As P = 0.088 > 0.05) and influent concentration (R2 < 0.5) were not. Derived Hg and As discharge limits suggest that it is necessary to establish stricter discharge limits for WWTPs, which is more consistent with the real-world situation in China. The study here comprehensively researches the discharge characteristics of heavy metals and metalloids in effluent of WWTPs in China, and developed for the first time in China heavy metals and metalloids discharge limits based on statistical methods. The results may inform special discharge limit settings for WWTPs in China.

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Vodianitsky, Yu. "ON DANGEROUS HEAVY METALS / METALLOIDS IN SOILS." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 68 (December 30, 2011): 56–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2011-68-56-82.

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According to the current ecotoxicological data of Dutch ecologists, hazardous heavy metals/metalloids in the soil form a number of: Se > Tl > Sb > Cd > V > Hg > Ni > Cu > Cr > As > Ba. This series differs greatly from a number of hazards of heavy elements, adopted in Russia in accordance with GOST 17.4.1.02-83, in which the danger of Pb, Zn, Co in soils is exaggerated, and V, Sb, Ba - underestimated. The list of hazardous elements in the soil should also include to be included in Tl, Cr. The content of heavy metals/metalloids in contaminated soils is studied very unevenly: better 11: Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, As, Mn, Co, Hg, Se; the other 46 were studied much worse, although there are dangerous ones among them: Ba, V, Tl.In Russia, the information on the content of these elements in soils is not enough, and it is on them that the attention of soil scientists and ecologists should be focused.

18

Gasparatos, Dionisios. "Soil Contamination by Heavy Metals and Metalloids." Environments 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9030032.

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Soils are central to life on Earth because they provide food, clean water, and air due to their filtering capacity; raw materials; habitats for living organisms; and climate resilience via carbon sequestration, therefore supporting a variety of ecosystem services [...]

19

Cooksey, Chris. "Health Concerns of Heavy Metals and Metalloids." Science Progress 95, no. 1 (March 2012): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/003685012x13286247093244.

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20

Planer-Friedrich, Britta, and Broder J. Merkel. "Volatile Metals and Metalloids in Hydrothermal Gases." Environmental Science & Technology 40, no. 10 (May 2006): 3181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051476r.

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21

Pollard, A. Joseph, Roger D. Reeves, and Alan J. M. Baker. "Facultative hyperaccumulation of heavy metals and metalloids." Plant Science 217-218 (March 2014): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.11.011.

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22

Hill, Steve. "Spectrochemical trace analysis for metals and metalloids." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 10 (November 1997): VIII—IX. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-9936(97)82181-4.

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Rosen, Barry P. "Bacterial resistance to heavy metals and metalloids." JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 1, no. 4 (August 1996): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007750050053.

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Wysocki, Robert, and Markus J. Tamás. "HowSaccharomyces cerevisiaecopes with toxic metals and metalloids." FEMS Microbiology Reviews 34, no. 6 (November 2010): 925–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00217.x.

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Inoue, Katsutoshi, Durga Parajuli, Kedar Ghimire, Biplob Biswas, Hidetaka Kawakita, Tatsuya Oshima, and Keisuke Ohto. "Biosorbents for Removing Hazardous Metals and Metalloids." Materials 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma10080857.

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Bryukhanov, A. L., and T. V. Khijniak. "Application of Sulfate-reducing Bacteria in Bioremediation from Heavy Metals and Metalloids (Review)." Прикладная биохимия и микробиология 59, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0555109923020034.

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Pollution of the environment with heavy metals, metalloids and radionuclides is a global problem that seriously affects the state of the biosphere. In particular, chromium compounds have a toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effect. The main principle of purification of anthropogenic and natural ecosystems from chromates is the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), the salts of which are significantly less toxic and insoluble. However, currently used electrochemical and ion-exchange cleaning methods are quite expensive and require the use of special reagents. At the same time, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are of particular interest for bioremediation of this kind, since many of them are very resistant to high concentrations of heavy metals and are able to effectively reduce them in the presence of hydrogen as an electron donor. The review summarizes known data on the interaction of heavy metals, metalloids and radionuclides with SRB. The features of the metabolism of these microorganisms, leading to intracellular accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids, are considered. Complex and finely regulated enzymatic mechanisms for the reduction of toxic metals (using various cytochromes, hydrogenases, oxidoreductases, highly specific metal reductases, and thioredoxin/thioredoxin-reductase systems), as well as the possibility of using immobilized cells and biofilms of SRB in the effective bioremediation of natural waters, soils, and industrial effluents, are described.

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Khanam, Rasheda, Ishaan Kumar, Opeyemi Oladapo-Shittu, Claire Twose, ASMD Ashraful Islam, Shyam S. Biswal, Rubhana Raqib, and Abdullah H. Baqui. "Prenatal Environmental Metal Exposure and Preterm Birth: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020573.

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Preterm birth (PTB) and its complications are the leading causes of under-five year old child deaths, accounting worldwide for an estimated one million deaths annually. The etiology of PTB is complex and multifactorial. Exposures to environmental metals or metalloids are pervasive and prenatal exposures to them are considered important in the etiology of PTB. We conducted a scoping review to determine the extent of prenatal exposures to four metals/metalloids (lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic) and their association with PTB. We reviewed original research studies published in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, POPLINE and the WHO regional indexes from 2000 to 2019; 36 articles were retained for full text review. We documented a higher incidence of PTB with lead and cadmium exposures. The findings for mercury and arsenic exposures were inconclusive. Metal-induced oxidative stress in the placenta, epigenetic modification, inflammation, and endocrine disruptions are the most common pathways through which heavy metals and metalloids affect placental functions leading to PTB. Most of the studies were from the high-income countries, reflecting the need for additional data from low-middle-income countries, where PTB rates are higher and prenatal exposure to metals are likely to be just as high, if not higher.

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Verpaele, Steven. "P-207 WHY YOU SHOULD KNOW HOW YOUR AEROSOL SAMPLER IS PERFORMING." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0749.

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Abstract Introduction and methods A recent survey of aerosol sampling heads used within the metals industry was done in parallel to a survey of European laboratories concerning the methods used for the determination of nickel in workplace air. Results This survey revealed a wide variety of inhalable, thoracic, and respirable samplers as being commonly used for measuring metals and metalloids exposure in workplaces. Discussion In April 2019, the Nickel Institute, a global association of primary nickel producers, held a meeting with interested parties regarding the development or adaptation of existing sampling trains to measure low levels of metals and metalloids in the workplace. The parties involved agreed on the need for international sampler comparison studies. The main objective of these studies is to compare currently used (and validate any newly developed) personal samplers for measuring particulate-related exposure (and more specifically metals and metalloids) in workplace settings. Sampler efficiency studies for relevant aerosol size fractions of those samplers currently on the market will also be included in this effort. Conclusion In this presentation, an overview of why sampler comparison and efficiency studies are needed will be provided, together with recent outcomes of a laboratory and field study funded by Worksafe BC (Canada).

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Neaman, A., and C. Yáñez. "Assessment of the Ecological Status of Soils Contaminated by the Copper Mining Industry in Chile: Earthworms to the Rescue." Почвоведение, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0032180x22600627.

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Soil fauna can serve as an excellent tool for ecological assessment of soil quality. The earthworm Eisenia fetida L. is widely used as a bioindicator organism to assess the toxicity of metals, metalloids, and other pollutants. Many studies have shown that the concentrations of metals and metalloids toxic to earthworms are an order of magnitude lower in artificially contaminated soils than in industrially contaminated soils. The novelty of this study is that toxicity estimates were made using native industrially contaminated soils. The results of the two experiments demonstrate the potential use of earthworms for ecological assessment of soils contaminated with metals and metalloids due to copper mining activities in central Chile. The main contaminant in these soils was copper, but arsenic, commonly found in copper ore, was also present in the contaminated soils. In the short-term bioassay, E. fetida earthworms avoided the soil in response to increasing copper content. However, in long-term experiments, arsenic proved to be more toxic to earthworm reproduction, while copper had little effect. In this study, we present toxicity thresholds for copper and arsenic to E. fetida in industrially contaminated native soils.

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Guadarrama Guzmán, Pedro, Georgina Fernández Villagómez, and María Teresa Alarcón Herrera. "Assessment of risk to health caused by the exposure to mining waste in Durango, Mexico." Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fi.25940732e.2021.22.3.023.

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In order to determine the health risk derived from the presence of heavy metals on the residents of a town in the North of Mexico, 27 samples were taken from a tailings dam at a mine in "Cerro de Mercado". Among the various metals and metalloids found, antimony and chromium exceeded the permissible concentration values established by the Mexican legislation, so mining waste in that region was considered to be hazardous and harmful to health. The risk assessment was carried out using the Spatial Analysis and Decision Assistance software, selecting a recreational setting with a short time exposure, and a residential setting with long exposure, obtaining as a result, that the health of the residents nearby the mine will not be damaged by metals and metalloids exposure existing in the tailings.

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Huang, Xuexia, Dinggui Luo, Dongye Zhao, Ning Li, Tangfu Xiao, Jingyong Liu, Lezhang Wei, Yu Liu, Lirong Liu, and Guowei Liu. "Distribution, Source and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal(oid)s in Water, Sediments, and Corbicula Fluminea of Xijiang River, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101823.

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A total of 43 water and sediment samples, and 34 Corbicula fluminea samples were collected in Xijiang River in southern China to determine the spatial distribution and sources of 12 metals/metalloids (V, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Sb, and Tl) and to assess the pollution levels and ecological risks of the pollutants. The results showed that the levels of the metals/metalloids (except for Tl) in the river water from almost all of the sampling sites met the Chinese national surface water quality standards. However, the concentrations of the metals/metalloids in the sediments exceeded the background values by a factor of 1.03–56.56 except for V, Co, and Mn, and the contents of Zn, Cd, and Pb in the Corbicula fluminea soft tissue exceeded the limits of the Chinese Category I food Quality Standards. The spatial distribution analysis showed that the concentrations of the contaminants in the lower reaches of Xijiang River were higher than in the upper reaches. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF), biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and the potential ecological risk index (RI) were obtained to assess the pollution levels and ecological risks. The results indicated that Cu, Cd, and Zn were the most prone to bio-accumulation in the Corbicula fluminea soft tissue, and the lower reaches showed a much higher pollution level and risk than the upper reaches. The metals/metalloids in the sediments posed serious threat on the aquatic ecosystem, of which Cd, As, and Sb are the most risky contaminants. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) indicated Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Cd, Pb, and As in the sediments came from relevant industrial activities, and V and Co originated from natural sources, and Sb from mining activities, Zn and Tl came from industrial activities and mining activities.

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Montoro Bustos, Antonio R. "ICP-MS-Based Characterization and Quantification of Nano- and Microstructures." Nanomaterials 14, no. 7 (March 26, 2024): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14070578.

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Since its commercial introduction in the 1980s, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has evolved to become arguably the most versatile and powerful technique for the multi-elemental and multi-isotopic analysis of metals, metalloids, and selected non-metals at ultratrace levels [...]

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Pyrzynska, Krystyna. "Nanomaterials in speciation analysis of metals and metalloids." Talanta 212 (May 2020): 120784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120784.

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McGrath, Steve P., and Fang-Jie Zhao. "Phytoextraction of metals and metalloids from contaminated soils." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 14, no. 3 (June 2003): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(03)00060-0.

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Reimer, Kenneth J., and Iris Koch. "Metals and metalloids in complementary and alternative medicines." Maturitas 72, no. 4 (August 2012): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.05.005.

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Hafsteinsdóttir, Erla G., Danielle Camenzuli, Amy L. Rocavert, James Walworth, and Damian B. Gore. "Chemical immobilization of metals and metalloids by phosphates." Applied Geochemistry 59 (August 2015): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.03.014.

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Henley, R. W., and B. R. Berger. "Nature's refineries — Metals and metalloids in arc volcanoes." Earth-Science Reviews 125 (October 2013): 146–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.07.007.

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Ali, Hazrat, Ezzat Khan, and Ikram Ilahi. "Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Hazardous Heavy Metals: Environmental Persistence, Toxicity, and Bioaccumulation." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (March 5, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6730305.

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Heavy metals are well-known environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence in the environment, and bioaccumulative nature. Their natural sources include weathering of metal-bearing rocks and volcanic eruptions, while anthropogenic sources include mining and various industrial and agricultural activities. Mining and industrial processing for extraction of mineral resources and their subsequent applications for industrial, agricultural, and economic development has led to an increase in the mobilization of these elements in the environment and disturbance of their biogeochemical cycles. Contamination of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems with toxic heavy metals is an environmental problem of public health concern. Being persistent pollutants, heavy metals accumulate in the environment and consequently contaminate the food chains. Accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in biota causes a potential health threat to their consumers including humans. This article comprehensively reviews the different aspects of heavy metals as hazardous materials with special focus on their environmental persistence, toxicity for living organisms, and bioaccumulative potential. The bioaccumulation of these elements and its implications for human health are discussed with a special coverage on fish, rice, and tobacco. The article will serve as a valuable educational resource for both undergraduate and graduate students and for researchers in environmental sciences. Environmentally relevant most hazardous heavy metals and metalloids include Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As. The trophic transfer of these elements in aquatic and terrestrial food chains/webs has important implications for wildlife and human health. It is very important to assess and monitor the concentrations of potentially toxic heavy metals and metalloids in different environmental segments and in the resident biota. A comprehensive study of the environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of hazardous heavy metals and metalloids shows that steps should be taken to minimize the impact of these elements on human health and the environment.

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Pelić, Miloš, Željko Mihaljev, Milica Živkov Baloš, Nenad Popov, Ana Gavrilović, Jurica Jug-Dujaković, and Dragana Ljubojević Pelić. "Health Risks Associated with the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Sediment, Water, and Carp Reared in Treated Wastewater from a Slaughterhouse." Water 16, no. 1 (December 26, 2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16010094.

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The use of purified slaughterhouse wastewater in carp ponds, and the use of wastewater from the pond for the irrigation of agricultural fields, was the basis for the construction of an integrated system of agricultural production as a sustainable solution for the food and fish production industries. The negative side of such integrated production systems is the concern related to the safety of fish meat produced in such a system. The aim of this research was to determine the concentration of heavy metals and metalloids in the wastewater from the slaughterhouse, in the pond water and sediment, in the carp tissue and in the water leaving the pond, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated system and the safety of the produced fish. Sampling was carried out in spring and autumn. The mean concentrations in all water samples (µg/L) were: As (12–125), Cd (0.12–4.2), Hg (1.14–14.21), Pb (<0.1–17.2), Cu (<0.1–44.6), Fe (17.02–425.2) and Zn (2.91–186.2), with the highest numbers in the wastewater, where it was above the prescribed limit values for the wastewater discharged from the slaughterhouses into natural recipients in both samplings. The efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant for heavy metals and metalloids was very high, in the range of 87% to 98%. The water from the pond corresponded to class 3 in terms of the concentration of heavy metals and metalloids both in spring and autumn, and can be used freely for breeding cyprinid fish species. The water from the irrigation canal corresponded to class 2/3 and can be used for irrigation. The mean concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids in the sediments (mg/kg) were: As (3.00–4.88), Cd (0.16–0.96), Hg (0.21–1.47), Pb (0.77–2.29), Cu (49.60–60.90), Fe (3.94–5.32) and Zn (92.8–115.20). The content of heavy metals in different organs of carp differed significantly depending on the season. The trend of heavy metal accumulation in common carp muscles in spring was: Zn > Fe > Cu > Pb > Hg > Cd > As, and in autumn: Zn > Fe > Cu > Pb > As > Cd > Hg. Metal concentrations in the examined fish samples were far below the WHO guidelines. It can be concluded that carp produced in a pond supplied with purified wastewater from the slaughterhouse industry, in terms of the concentration of residues of the tested heavy metals and metalloids, is safe for human consumption.

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Yan, Xiaoyu, Xiangli Yi, and Chanjuan Xi. "Direct cleavage of the NN bond of azobenzenes by MeOTf leading to N-arylbenzimidazoles." Org. Chem. Front. 1, no. 6 (2014): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4qo00056k.

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Naccari, Clara, Vincenzo Ferrantelli, Gaetano Cammilleri, Stefano Ruga, Fabio Castagna, Roberto Bava, and Ernesto Palma. "Trace Elements in Stenella coeruleoalba: Assessment of Marine Environmental Pollution and Dolphin Health Status." Animals 14, no. 11 (May 21, 2024): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14111514.

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Heavy metals are environmental contaminants and can easily accumulate and biomagnify in various marine species (fishes and mammalians) at the top of the aquatic food chain. Among marine mammalians, the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) is the most abundant cetacean in the Mediterranean Sea and is considered to be a sentinel species to monitor the environmental marine pollution. In this study, the contents of toxic metals and metalloids (Cd, Pb, Hg, and As), micro-elements (Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, Se and Zn) and macro-elements (Na, Ca, K, Mg and P) were evaluated by ICP-MS analysis in several organs/tissues (lung, skin, muscle and liver) of Stenella coeruleoalba. The assessment of marine environmental pollution and dolphins health status was carried out through further analysis of the same specific parameters such as the metal pollution index (MPI) and coefficient of condition (K). Finally, the correlation between toxic metals and metalloids and essential micro-elements, expressed as molar ratios, was analyzed to evaluate the detoxifying ability (effectiveness) of Zn, Se and Cu. Data obtained showed the presence of toxic metals and metalloids analyzed in the Stenella coeruleoalba samples but the MPI values suggested a low environmental contamination of the Mediterranean Sea where dolphins lived. The content of micro- and macro-elements was found to be in a normal range for this species and predictive of dolphins good health status, as confirmed by the coefficient of condition K. However, the correlation between toxic and essential metals, expressed as molar ratios, showed that the following toxic metals cannot be detoxified by the essential metals: 66Zn/201Hg, 82Se/201Hg, 63Cu/201Hg and 66Zn/52Cr, 82Se/52Cr, 63Cu/52Cr. Therefore, this study highlights the key role of dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba to assess marine pollution and the importance of analyzing the complete mineral profile to evaluate the animal health status.

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Jones, Oliver A. H., Daniel A. Dias, Damien L. Callahan, Konstantinos A. Kouremenos, David J. Beale, and Ute Roessner. "The use of metabolomics in the study of metals in biological systems." Metallomics 7, no. 1 (2015): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4mt00123k.

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Metabolomics and systems biology/toxicology can elucidate novel pathways and mechanistic networks of metals and metalloids in biological systems, as well as providing useful biomarkers of the metal status of organisms.

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Moraitis, N., K. Vassalos, T. J. Mertzimekis, A. Godelitsas, P. Gamaletsos, J. Goettlicher, and R. Steininger. "Detailed Spectroscopic Studies in the Aquatic Environment Using Synchrotron Radiation." HNPS Proceedings 21 (March 8, 2019): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2031.

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The important role of metals and metalloids in the aquatic environment can be studied by means of Syn- chrotron Radiation (SR)-based X-ray spectroscopic techniques. In the present work, we have performed analyses of data sets (μ–XRF, μ–XANES and μ–EXAFS), for coastal sediments and marine precipitates, obtained at the ANKA Synchrotron Facility in Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Germany). Prelim- inary results with regard to the distribution and speciation of toxic (Hg and As) and biocompatible (Fe) metals and metalloids are presented herein. It is therefore demonstrated that Fe is easily precipitated as FeIII oxyhydroxides, most likely related to As, as well as ferrihydrite-type FeIII hydrated oxyhydroxides, whereas Hg is rather accumulated in the form of methyl-containing compounds.

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Marzo, Tiziano, and Diego La Mendola. "Strike a Balance: Between Metals and Non-Metals, Metalloids as a Source of Anti-Infective Agents." Inorganics 9, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics9060046.

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Most of the commercially available anti-infective agents are organic molecules. In fact, though, during the pioneering times of modern medicine, at the beginning of the 20th century, several inorganic compounds of transition metals were used for medicinal application, to date, only a small number of inorganic drugs are used in clinical practice. Beyond the transition metals, metalloids—or semimetals—offer a rich chemistry in between that of metallic and non-metallic elements, and accordingly, peculiar features for their exploitation in medicinal chemistry. A few important examples of metalloid-based drugs currently used for the treatment of various diseases do exist. However, the use of this group of elements could be further expanded on the basis of their current applications and the clinical trials they entered. Considering that metalloids offer the opportunity to expand the “chemical-space” for developing novel anti-infective drugs and protocols, in this paper, we briefly recapitulate and discuss the current applications of B-, Si-, As-, Sb- and Te-based anti-infective drugs.

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Hauser-Davis, Rachel Ann, and Natascha Wosnick. "Climate Change Implications for Metal and Metalloid Dynamics in Aquatic Ecosystems and its Context within the Decade of Ocean Sciences." Water 14, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 2415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152415.

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Anthropogenic activities are affecting marine ecosystems, notably coastal ones, in multiple ways and at increasing rates, leading to habitat degradation, loss of biodiversity, and greater exposure of flora and fauna to chemical contaminants, with serious effects on ocean health. Chemical pollution, in particular, is a significant negative stressor for aquatic ecosystems, both oceanic and coastal, and has recently been identified as a priority for conservation efforts. Metals and metalloids, in particular, present environmental persistence, bioavailability, tendency to bioaccumulate along the trophic chain, and potential toxic effects. However, the current scenario of climate change is increasingly affecting the aquatic environment, altering water mass flows and the transport of pollutants, aggravating toxic effects and ecological risks. Moreover, although traditional sources of contamination have been studied for decades, many knowledge gaps persist, in addition to the emerging effects of climate change that are still poorly studied. In this regard, this review aims to discuss climate change implications for metal and metalloid dynamics in aquatic ecosystems and its context within the Decade of Ocean Sciences. We also discuss how an increasing interest in plastic pollution has led to contamination by metals and metalloids being neglected, requiring mutual efforts to move forward in the understating of the negative and often lethal impacts of this type of pollutants, thus aiming at prioritizing contamination by metals and metalloids not just in the oceans, but in all water bodies.

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Zhang, Xiaoran, Yinrui Wang, Junfeng Liu, Yucheng Jiang, Yiran Tian, and Ziyang Zhang. "Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Some Trace Elements in Runoff from Different Types of Athletic Fields." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (March 2, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587057.

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Environmental risk of heavy metals and metalloids in athletic fields has raised people’s attention in the recent years. Seven trace elements, including metals and metalloids, were detected in the runoff of five typical athletic fields in the university campus under three rainfall events. Except for Cr, the total concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Cd, and As in artificial turf runoff are the highest among five athletic fields, followed by that of plastic runway. The concentration and first flush effect of trace elements are followed in the order of 1st > 2nd > 3rd rainfall events. The strongest correlations between metals and metalloids were observed in the tennis court runoff, while the artificial turf shows the least. The release of trace elements could be directly from the surface materials and particles on the athletic field and influenced by the comprehensive factors including surface materials, rainfall events, and pollutant characters. Pollution risk assessment shows that the pollution extent of the five types of athletic field is at least “moderate” and follows the order of artificial turf > basketball court > plastic runway > badminton court > tennis court. Pb shows the highest pollution level, while Cr shows the highest healthy risk. The results can provide a theoretical basis for runoff pollution control and safety use of athletic fields.

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Pérez-Cid, Benita, Elena Falqué, and Jesus Simal-Gandara. "Coastline Levels of Dissolved Heavy Metals in the Estuarine Water–System of Vigo." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 2136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042136.

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Limited attention has been directed toward the effects of maritime traffic on heavy metals and metalloids in seawater. Water samples were collected from the estuary of Vigo Ría in the summer of 2018. The chemical distribution of ten dissolved trace metals and metalloids (Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in water was determined from north to south (where the biggest city in the region is) and from east to west (where the maritime traffic is higher). Metal concentration in waters showed that most metals were below recommended water quality criteria by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). One of the samples had a Cu concentration higher at the entrance of the Vigo estuary, where maritime traffic is very important. Cu and Zn concentrations were highly correlated between them, showing a similar pollution origin, probably due to anti-fouling paints. Mn and Fe are elements influenced by river sources.

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Butler, Owen, and Darren Musgrove. "70 Evaluation of High Efficiency Nebulisers to Increase the Sensitivity of the ICP-AES Technique Promulgated in ISO 15202." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 67, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): i22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxac087.058.

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Abstract International Standard (ISO) 15202 describes methods for the determination of metals and metalloids in workplace air. Its development involved harnessing selected sample digestion procedures, promulgated in existing national standards, with additional method validation work carried out by HSE. In summary, requirements for air sampling (part 1); acid digestion procedures for dissolving air filter samples (part 2) and procedures for the analysis of digests (part 3) by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) are described. Exposure limit values for many metals/metalloids are now reducing and consequently more sensitive analytical techniques such as ICP-MS (promulgated in ISO 30011) may well be required in occupational hygiene laboratories. Boosting the sensitivity of the ICP-AES technique through the use of high efficiency sample introduction systems (nebulisers) is however possible as described in this presentation.

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Acker, J. F. van, E. W. Lindeyer, and J. C. Fuggle. "Covalent interactions in alloys of transition metals with simple metals or metalloids." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 3, no. 48 (December 2, 1991): 9579–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/3/48/001.

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Pan, Huijuan, Thangavel Lakshmipriya, Subash C. B. Gopinath, and Periasamy Anbu. "High-Affinity Detection of Metal-Mediated Nephrotoxicity by Aptamer Nanomaterial Complementation." Current Nanoscience 15, no. 6 (October 11, 2019): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413715666190115155917.

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: Nephrotoxicity, a chronic renal disease that results from the accumulation of endogenous and exogenous toxins in the kidney, disturbs the excretion and detoxification function of the kidney. Metal-mediated nephrotoxicity is induced by toxic metals/metalloids such as mercury, lead, arsenic, chromate, uranium, and cadmium. These materials become concentrated in the kidneys and injure the nephrons. Developing strategies to detect these metal ions will enable the earlier identification of kidney damage. An aptamer, an artificial antibody generated against a wide range of targets including metal ions, may be the right tool for the detection of metal ions associated with renal injury. The use of a detection system consisting of an aptamer and metallic nanoparticles is a potential way to overcome nephrotoxicity. Here, we discuss the detection of metal-mediated nephrotoxicity caused by metals/metalloids using the aptamer and nanomaterial-conjugated system.

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