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Статті в журналах з теми "Metal working fluid"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Hamed, Ezzat, Nagy Saker, Shawky ElShazly, Tarek Fahmy, and Yasser Aboulazm. "Synthesis of antibacterial additive for metal working fluids application." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 05011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816205011.

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Metalworking fluids, the class of lubricants most susceptible to microbial attack, metalworking fluid must also be safe for human use and exposure, The failure of the fluid to perform any of its functions has the potential to result in operational problems, process shutdowns, decreased tool life, and product-quality issues, all of which will result in increased costs. Perhaps one of the most common and controllable complications is microbial degradation specially standing from the fact that metalworking fluids contain the nutrients that can permit unchecked microbial growth. In this work we prepared Antimicrobial metal working fluid additive which fulfills the criteria of successful local production in Egypt, as the commercial availability of starting components, effectiveness of the prepared additive, easiness of addition and homogenization with other MWF additives, good environmental profile and biodegradability. The effectiveness of the prepared additive was evaluated by standard method ASTM E645-97 test. It was revealed that; the formic acid which condensate with the polyethylene glycol 400 and ethylene glycol had excellent antibacterial action, it could also greatly reduce growth of bacteria.

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2

Denkena, Berend, Alexander Krödel, and Lars Ellersiek. "Influence of metal working fluid on chip formation and mechanical loads in orthogonal cutting." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 118, no. 9-10 (October 8, 2021): 3005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08164-2.

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AbstractMetal working fluids are used in machining processes of many hard-to-cut materials to increase tool life and productivity. Thereby, the metal working fluids act on the thermal and on the mechanical loads of the tool. The changing mechanical loads can mostly be attributed to the changing friction between rake face and chip and changes in the chip formation, e.g., the contact length between rake face and chip. However, analyzing those effects is challenging, since a detailed look at the chip formation process is prevented by the metal working fluid. In this paper, a novel planing test rig is presented, which enables high-speed recordings of the machining process and process force measurements while using metal working fluids. Experiments reveal that process forces are reduced with increasing pressure of the metal working fluid. However, the average friction coefficient only changes slightly, which indicates that the reduced process forces are mainly the result of reduced contact lengths between rake face and chip.

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3

Glasse, Benjamin, Alexander Zerwas, Roberto Guardani, and Udo Fritsching. "Refractive indices of metal working fluid emulsion components." Measurement Science and Technology 25, no. 3 (February 5, 2014): 035205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/25/3/035205.

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4

Koller, Michael F., Claudia Pletscher, Stefan M. Scholz, and Philippe Schneuwly. "Metal working fluid exposure and diseases in Switzerland." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 22, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10773525.2016.1200210.

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5

Kurdve, Martin, and Lorenzo Daghini. "Sustainable metal working fluid systems: best and common practices for metal working fluid maintenance and system design in Swedish industry." International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing 2, no. 4 (2012): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsm.2012.048582.

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6

Dahlman-Höglund, Anna, Åsa Lindgren, and Inger Mattsby-Baltzer. "Endotoxin in Size-Separated Metal Working Fluid Aerosol Particles." Annals of Occupational Hygiene 60, no. 7 (June 6, 2016): 836–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/mew036.

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7

Kuscheva, M. E., D. N. Klauch, and O. A. Kobelev. "Principles of selection of cutting technological mediums for metal cutting." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 8, no. 1-2 (March 10, 2014): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67737.

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The article considers the principles of selection of cutting technological mediums for metal cutting. Rational use of effective cutting fluid is an important factor in improving of productivity and quality of metal working. Effect of cutting fluid depends on the rational choice of the specific conditions of the cutting, the predominant type of tool wear and tool and base material. In PJSC RPA “CNIITMASH” a complex of works on testing of a wide range of cutting fluids was carried out and recommendations for their use were developed

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8

Kampfer, P., B. Huber, N. Lodders, I. Warfolomeow, H. J. Busse, and H. C. Scholz. "Pseudochrobactrum lubricantis sp. nov., isolated from a metal-working fluid." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY 59, no. 10 (July 21, 2009): 2464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.008540-0.

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9

LOCKEY, J. "148 Metal working fluid associated hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A case series." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 105, no. 1 (January 2000): S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6749(00)90579-7.

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10

van der Gast, Christopher J., Andrew S. Whiteley, Andrew K. Lilley, Christopher J. Knowles, and Ian P. Thompson. "Bacterial community structure and function in a metal-working fluid." Environmental Microbiology 5, no. 6 (June 2003): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00428.x.

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11

Menniti, Adrienne, Kishore Rajagopalan, Timothy A. Kramer, and Mark M. Clark. "An evaluation of the colloidal stability of metal working fluid." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 284, no. 2 (April 2005): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.07.027.

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12

Trapp, I., T. Famulok, U. Risse, and A. Kettrup. "FTIR-screening of carbonyl compounds in metal working fluid aerosols." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 362, no. 4 (October 13, 1998): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051095.

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13

Grijalbo, L., J. M. Becerril, O. Barrutia, J. Gutierrez-Mañero, and J. A. Lucas Garcia. "Lemna minortolerance to metal-working fluid residues: implications for rhizoremediation." Plant Biology 18, no. 4 (April 13, 2016): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/plb.12454.

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14

Noor El-Din, M. R., Marwa R. Mishrif, Satish V. Kailas, Suvin P.S., and Jagadeesh K. Mannekote. "Studying the lubricity of new eco-friendly cutting oil formulation in metal working fluid." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 9 (November 19, 2018): 1569–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2017-0330.

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Анотація:

PurposeThis paper aims to formulate a new metal working fluid (MWF) composition including some eco-friendly emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitor, biocide, and non- edible vegetable oil (castor oil) as the base oil. To achieve this aim, five MWFs with different hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value as 10, 9.5, 9, 8.5 and 8 were prepared to identify the optimum HLB value that gives a highly stable oil-in-water emulsion. The performance of castor oil based MWF was evaluated using tool chip tribometer and drill dynamometer. The surface morphology of steel disc and friction pin was performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 3D profilometer. The results revealed that the use of the prepared cutting fluid (E1) caused the cutting force to decrease from 500 N for dry high-speed steel sample to 280N, while the same value for a commercial cutting fluid (COM) was recorded as 340 N at drilling speed and cutting feed force as 1120 rpm and 4 mm/min., respectively.Design/methodology/approachA castor oil-based metalworking fluid was prepared using nonionic surfactants. The composition of the metalworking fluid was further optimized by adding performance-enhancing additives. The performance of castor oil based MWF was analyzed using Tool chip tribometer and Drill dynamometer. The surface morphology of steel ball and a disc was done using 3D profilometer and SEM.FindingsStudies revealed that castor oil-based MWF having Monoethanolamine (MEA) as corrosion inhibitor was found to be highly stable. The drilling dynamometer and tool chip tribometer studies showed that castor oil-based MWF performance was comparable to that of commercial MWF.Research limitations/implicationsThis study aims to explore the performance of the castor oil based metalworking fluid (MWF) using tool chip tribometer and drill dynamometer.Practical implicationsThe conventional MWFs are petroleum derives and are unsustainable. Use of non-edible plant-based oils for preparing the MWF will not only be conserved environment but also add value addition to agricultural crops.Social implicationsThe social Implications is aiming to decrease the environmental impact that results from the using of mineral cutting fluids.Originality/valueThe originality of this work is to replace the mineral oil and synthetic oil based cutting fluids with more eco-friendly alternatives one. In addition, the investigation will focus on developing functional additives required for cutting fluids which are environmentally benign.

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15

Bergmann, Benjamin, Berend Denkena, Gerhard Poll, Florian Pape, Haichao Liu, and Lars Ellersiek. "Reibkoeffizientenermittlung in der Zerspanung auf Basis von Hochgeschwindigkeitsaufnahmen." Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik 69, no. 5-6 (February 15, 2023): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24053/tus-2022-0041.

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The friction at the cutting wedge has a significant influence on tool wear. Due to the strong local variance of temperatures and stresses at the cutting wedge, the friction conditions differ significantly locally. In this work, a method is presented with which normal stress es, tangential stresses and local friction coefficients at the cutting wedge can be determined based on experimental investigations. For this purpose, high-speed recordings and force measurements are conducted on a planing test rig. In addition to dry cutting processes, investigations are carried out on the test rig using emulsion and oil as metal working fluid. The results show a reduction of the coefficients of friction when oil is used as metal working fluid. However, when emulsion is used as metal working fluid, the coefficient of friction changes only slightly compared to dry machining. This can be attributed to low film-forming ability of the emulsion.

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16

Nune, Madan Mohan Reddy, and Phaneendra Kiran Chaganti. "Development, characterization, and evaluation of novel eco-friendly metal working fluid." Measurement 137 (April 2019): 401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.01.066.

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17

Vogt, Tobias, Susanne Horn, Alexander M. Grannan, and Jonathan M. Aurnou. "Jump rope vortex in liquid metal convection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 50 (November 21, 2018): 12674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812260115.

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Understanding large-scale circulations (LSCs) in turbulent convective systems is important for the study of stars, planets, and in many industrial applications. The canonical model of the LSC is quasi-planar with additional horizontal sloshing and torsional modes [Brown E, Ahlers G (2009) J Fluid Mech 638:383–400; Funfschilling D, Ahlers G (2004) Phys Rev Lett 92:194502; Xi HD et al. (2009) Phys Rev Lett 102:044503; Zhou Q et al. (2009) J Fluid Mech 630:367–390]. Using liquid gallium as the working fluid, we show, via coupled laboratory-numerical experiments in tanks with aspect ratios greater than unity (Γ∈{2, 2}), that the LSC takes instead the form of a “jump rope vortex,” a strongly 3D mode that periodically orbits around the tank following a motion much like a jump rope on a playground. Further experiments show that this jump rope flow also exists in more viscous fluids such as water, albeit with a far smaller signal. Thus, this jump rope mode is an essential component of the turbulent convection that underlies our observations of natural systems.

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18

Redetzky, Marvin, Andreas Rabenstein, B. Palmowski, and Ekkard Brinksmeier. "Microorganisms as a Replacement for Metal Working Fluids." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.357.

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Most of the several billion liters of metalworking fluid (MWF) used worldwide and annually are water-based and thus prone to a microbial contamination. The microbial growth leads to a deterioration and therefore to a loss of quality and technical performance. In most cases, biocides, which pose a potential risk to health and environment, are used to reduce the microbial load. To avoid these limitations, the paradigm shift of using microorganisms in a positive way in a manufacturing process as a lubricant is investigated in this paper. Some microorganisms are able to synthesize equivalent MWF components like e.g. fatty acids or sulfur compounds. Due to this fact, it is possible to create a regenerative system on a microbiological basis for the substitution of mineral oil containing MWF components. To demonstrate the lubrication potential of bacteria, preliminary investigations were conducted on a Brugger-tribotester. Against this background, the approach presented here intends to investigate the lubrication properties of special microorganisms and the influence of the microbial cell counts on the lubrication behavior respectively. The results of the tribological tests show that the microbial-suspensions exhibit Brugger-values as high as highly concentrated conventional MWF and indicate the potential to replace these respective components.

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19

Pei, Hong Jie, Wen Jie Zheng, Gui Cheng Wang, and Hu Qiang Wang. "Application of Biodegradable Cutting Fluids in High Speed Turning." Advanced Materials Research 381 (November 2011): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.381.20.

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Large quantities of coolant-lubricants are still widely used in metal working industry, generating high consumption and discard costs and impacting the environment. An alternative to current practices is to use biodegradable cutting fluids that doesn’t pollute environment or require new setups. In current study, biodegradable base oils, synthetic ester and castor oil, are chosen and compounded into cutting fluids which correspond with the national standards. The tests have been performed to high speed turn AISI 1045 steel in ester-based fluid, castor-based emulsion, kerosene and dry condition. The results indicate that the application of cutting fluids is inevitable in metal machining and can not be replaced by dry machining. The lubricating and cooling properties of the ester-based fluid and castor-based emulsion are better than kerosene and can wholly replace mineral oil.

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20

Wu, Shuang Ying, Bao Xi Cao, Lan Xiao, and You Rong Li. "Effect of Mass Flow Rate of Working Fluid on Performance of Capillary Porous Wick Evaporator with Bayonet Tube for AMTEC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 1302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.1302.

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An axial symmetric invariable temperature phase change interface model is established to investigate numerically the effect of mass flow rate of working fluid on performance of capillary porous wick evaporator with bayonet tube for alkali metal thermal-to-electric converter (AMTEC) system. The numerical results reveal that the temperature of working fluid in the wick and liquid channel decreases with increasing the mass flow rate. The suitable structure of bayonet tube is dependent on the mass flow rate of working fluid. The bayonet tube having larger wall thermal resistance is selected for the smaller mass flow rate of working fluid, and vice versa. Also, the flow in the liquid channel is greatly affected by the mass flow rate of working fluid in comparison with the capillary porous wick evaporator without bayonet tube.

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21

Xu, H. P., P. L. Wong, and Z. M. Zhang. "An EHL Analysis of an All-Metal Viscoelastic High-Pressure Seal." Journal of Tribology 121, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834155.

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An EHL (elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication) analysis of an all-metal viscoelastic high-pressure seal is presented. The fluid flow is assumed to be laminar and isothermal, and its inertial effect is neglected. Deformation of the cylinder and plunger is governed by Lame’s formula for a thick-walled cylinder. The pressure-viscosity and pressure-density relationships of a working fluid are assumed to satisfy the Burus and Dowson-Higginson formulas, respectively. The leakage rate of the seal decreases almost exponentially with an increase in the working pressure, while its minimum film thickness can remain at about seventy percent of its nominal value at high working pressures. The radial stiffness increases significantly with an increase in the working pressure, i.e., stable operations of the seal can be expected.

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22

Aziz, A. F., N. A. Akbar, B. N. Ismail, M. S. Said, M. S. Yusoff, and M. I. Adnan. "Removal of copper and zinc in metal working fluid using coconut composite filter media." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1205, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1205/1/012024.

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Abstract Metal working fluid industry is the major contributing sources of heavy metals. Their multiple industrial, domestic, and technological applications have led to their wide distribution in the environment, raising concerns over their potential effects on human health and the environment. Filtration technology is widely used to remove contaminants such as heavy metals because it is a low-cost wastewater treatment device that uses physical methods that are simple and effective. In this study, coconut composite activated carbon (CCAC) filter media has been explored for its adsorption abilities towards copper and zinc solutions from metal working fluids. The characteristic of CCAC was investigated using XRF analyser, SEM and FTIR analysis. This study described the performance of fixed-bed column filtration by using CCAC as the filter media under the effect of various bed heights (10,30,50 cm) and initial concentration of copper and zinc (10 and 20 mg/L) to assess the breakthrough curve. The results show that the CCAC surface is not smooth and porous, with many channels. It is connected to hydrogen linked, O-H and contains the highest value composition in MgCO3 and CaCO3, which enhances metal precipitation removal of heavy metals. From the fixed-bed column study, the column with an initial copper and zinc concentration of 10mg/L and a bed height of 50 cm performed well in removing copper and zinc from synthetic copper and zinc solutions. The breakthrough and exhaustion times were less than 30 minutes and 3660 minutes for copper and zinc were less than 30 minutes and 3420 minutes respectively. The longer the lifespan of filter media, the better the filter media for heavy metal treatment. In conclusion, CCAC filter media was used as an alternative to the existing wastewater treatment process to remove copper and zinc from metal working fluids. It also can be applied in the current filtration system, especially for industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP).

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23

Beekhuis, Björn. "Influence of Solid Contaminants in Metal Working Fluids on the Grinding Process." Advanced Materials Research 769 (September 2013): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.769.61.

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Metal working fluids (MWF) are widely used in grinding processes to lubricate and to remove the heat and chips from the contact zone. Apart from the chips, abrasive particles from the worn grinding wheel contaminate the metalworking fluid. The solid contaminants, in particular the abrasive particles crumbled from the grinding wheel, are believed to cause several negative effects like for example damaging the guideways of the machine tool. Furthermore, it is assumed that a pronounced interaction of the solid particles and the machined surface will decrease the achievable surface quality of the ground surfaces. Cleaning units are employed within the fluid circuit to prevent failure of the machine tool and to ensure the desired surface quality. The economic efficiency of such cleaning plants cleaning plants depends strongly on the choice of the grade of filtration (the particle size which has to be retained). A grade of filtration which exceeds the actual needs of the machining process adds unnecessary costs for operating the cleaning unit. To enable cost efficient design of filtration units the interaction between solid contaminants and the machining process has to be understood. The results of grinding experiments (face grinding of workpieces made of AISI 52100) confirm a significant increase of the surface waviness when corundum particles are added to the MWF. The underlying effect is an extraordinary tool wear combined with a locally varying effective depth of cut. The excess particles block the pores of the grinding wheel and are transported into the grinding gap. An increasing ratio of the size of solid contaminants and the size of the bonded grains on the wheel accelerates the wear of the tool.

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24

DeLorme, Michael, Xiufeng Gao, Nicole Doyon-Reale, Holly Barraclough-Mitchell, and David Bassett. "Inflammatory Effects of Inhaled Endotoxin-Contaminated Metal Working Fluid Aerosols in Rats." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 66, no. 1 (January 2003): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390306458.

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25

Hradil, Eva, Magnus Bruze, Inger Dahlquist, and Birgitta Gruvberger. "Allergic contact dermatitis due to alkanolamine borate in a metal working fluid." Contact Dermatitis 23, no. 4 (October 1990): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05086.x.

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26

Zacharisen, M. C., C. Barrios, V. P. Kurup, and J. N. Fink. "Effect of Endotoxin on Metal Working Fluid Induced Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Mice." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 117, no. 2 (February 2006): S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.091.

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27

Glasse, B., C. Assenhaimer, R. Guardani, and U. Fritsching. "Analysis of the Stability of Metal Working Fluid Emulsions by Turbidity Spectra." Chemical Engineering & Technology 36, no. 7 (June 6, 2013): 1202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201200590.

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28

Hashim, Fadhil A., Niveen J. Abdulkader, and Kateralnada F. Hisham. "Processing and Properties of ZA-27 Alloy Metal Matrix Hybrid Composite Reinforced with Nanonitrides." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 1A (January 25, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i1a.1597.

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In general, internal vibrations within the pipelines caused by fluids being passing through a pipeline system can cause. These pipeline system can damage by the sudden amplified vibrations that were not considered at the design of the system, and flow induced vibrations resonate with the pipes natural frequency. Therefore, it is important to predict and identify the pipeline system vibrations during its lifetime. In this study by using MATLAB code as a CFD solver, it studied the forced and free vibrations caused by fluid flows at Reynolds number ranged as 0 < Re < 2500 for laminar flow and ranged as 104 < Re < 105 for turbulent flow. The working fluid has chosen as of (Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2 and water) with different nanoparticle volume fraction of (0 to 2% vol.). These fluids flow in simply supported pipe with different lengths and diameters. The results presented the effect of pipe and fluid parameter upon the fluid critical velocity and fundamental natural frequencies. The results showed that the pipe natural frequency increased with increasing with decreasing the pipe length and diameter. In addition, it showed that the pipe natural frequency decreased when using the different nanoparticle depressed in the water and with increasing the volume fraction.

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29

Zhang, Cheng, Kangjie Deng, Dewen Yuan, Wenxing Liu, and Xiao Yan. "Nanofilm boiling and evaporation of working fluids R32/R1234ze(E) on metal walls: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 13 (May 20, 2021): 2150165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221501654.

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Understanding energy transfer between working fluid and vapor is a critical issue in absorption refrigeration and thermophysics for the aim of intensifying heat conversion. However, it is difficult to achieve by experimental measurements due to the difficulty in catching the detailed and accurate modeling information, e.g., specific working fluid, and its underlying molecular mechanism. In order to study the evaporation and boiling behavior of refrigerant mixture from the microscopic point of view, the nanofilm consisting of different working fluids, with the evaporation model of R32/R1234ze (E) on metal wall, was established by utilizing molecular dynamics (MD) method. The effect of different mole ratios, i.e., pure R32, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, pure R1234ze (E), on the evaporation and boiling behavior of mixtures was analyzed. The results show that the probability of explosive boiling decreases with the decrease of R32 molecular mole ratios. Thus, in turn, the performance of refrigerant mixture is observed to be better than that of pure refrigerant. Insights from this simulation research could provide an effective reference for the MD interactions and have potential benefit in developing efficient and sustainable processes for industries to minimize the chemical usage and environmental damage.

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30

Lee, Sun Wung, Dong hee Ko, Ku Won Chin, Dong Uk Park, Jung Tak Lee, Yoon Hee Song, and Sang Yoon Lee. "A Case of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in a Worker Exposed to Metal Working Fluid." Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 20, no. 1 (2008): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.1.37.

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31

Padmanaban, Vishnu, S. P. Anbuudayasankar, A. Ashokkumar, and A. Sharan. "Development of Bio based Semi-Synthetic Metal Working Fluid from Industrial Waste Water." Procedia Engineering 64 (2013): 1436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.225.

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32

Wlaschitz, Peter, and Wilhelm Höflinger. "A new measuring method to detect the emissions of metal working fluid mist." Journal of Hazardous Materials 144, no. 3 (June 2007): 736–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.104.

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33

Greaves, Ian A., Ellen A. Eisen, Thomas J. Smith, Lucille J. Pothier, David Kriebel, Susan R. Woskie, Susan M. Kennedy, Stuart Shalat, and Richard R. Monson. "Respiratory health of automobile workers exposed to metal-working fluid aerosols: Respiratory symptoms." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 32, no. 5 (November 1997): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199711)32:5<450::aid-ajim4>3.0.co;2-w.

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34

Fox, John, Henry Anderson, Terry Moen, George Gruetzmacher, Larry Hanrahan, and Jordan Fink. "Metal working fluid-associated hypersensitivity pneumonitis: An outbreak investigation and case-control study." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 35, no. 1 (January 1999): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199901)35:1<58::aid-ajim8>3.0.co;2-5.

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35

Liu, Yang, Cai Ping Mo, Yuan Cheng, Chun Lei Zhang, Lian Jun Wang, Li Hua Liu, and Hong Xu. "The Integrated Processes of Ultrafiltration and Iron-Carbon Micro-Electrolysis in the Treatment of Drawing Lubricant." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.209.

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Анотація:

Two integrated processes, ultrafiltration and iron-carbon micro-electrolysis, in industry-scale test for treating abandoned drawing lubricant with water quantity of 1000L/h were studied. In the process of stable operation, 83.5% to 93.4% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and more than 99% turbidity was removed by ultrafiltration. Then throughout the technology of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis, the COD of ultrafiltration concentration could be further eliminated 95%. With the treatment of integrated processes, the abandoned drawing lubricant got effectively disposal. The research also showed that this combined process had broad application prospects in the treatment of all kinds of metal-working fluids, eg. cutting fluid, lubricating fluid and emulsified liquid.

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36

Zhou, Yingjie, Qibin Li, and Qiang Wang. "Energy Storage Analysis of UIO-66 and Water Mixed Nanofluids: An Experimental and Theoretical Study." Energies 12, no. 13 (June 30, 2019): 2521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132521.

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The thermal energy storage properties of a working fluid can be modified by the exothermic and endothermic adsorption and desorption of fluid molecules in the micro/nanoporous materials. In this study, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis experiments and molecular simulations (molecular dynamics, MD, and grand canonical Monte Carlo, GCMC) were employed to examine the thermal energy storage properties of the UIO-66 metal organic framework material, UIO-66/H2O nanofluids and pure water. Our results showed that the molecular simulation calculations were, in principle, consistent with the obtained experimental data. The thermal energy storage performance of UIO-66/H2O nanofluids was enhanced with the increase in the UIO-66 mass fraction. In addition, the differences between the simulation calculations and experimental results could be mainly ascribed to the different structures of UIO-66 and the evaporation of fluid samples. Furthermore, this work indicated that molecular simulations contributed to developing novel working pairs of metal organic heat carriers (MOHCs).

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37

Kachanov, I. V., A. N. Zhuk, I. M. Shatalov, V. V. Veremenyuk, and A. V. Filipchik. "Calculation of the Optimum Cone Angle of a Confuser Used for Reversive-Jet Cleaning of Metal Surfaces against Corrosion." Science & Technique 18, no. 3 (July 2, 2019): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2019-18-3-216-222.

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The modern industrial production of the Republic of Belarus is characterized by the absence of its own raw material base and significant dependence on imported energy carriers and material resources supplied at world prices. When working in such conditions, production efficiency can be achieved through all-round economy and creation of modern energyand resource-saving technologies. However implementation of such technologies, for example, laser cutting and welding, cladding, flame spraying, painting, etc. directly depends on quality of cleaning metal surfaces from corrosion. Theoretical and experimental studies conducted at the Department of Shipbuilding and Hydraulics of the Belarusian National Technical University have shown that it is very economical to remove corrosion products from metal surfaces using new technology of reverse jet cleaning. The reverse jet cleaning technology is based on a physical principle which presupposes that a jet of working fluid (pulp based on river sand or bentonite clay) rotates 180º when it hits the surface to be cleaned and it leads to an increase in jet impact on the surface to be cleaned by 1.5–2 times due to occurrence of a reactive component. In order to ensure a marked jet reversal an original case design has been developed which is characterized by a patent novelty. One of the main elements in this design is a confuser-shaped stream-forming device. Theoretical investigations on pressure losses of working fluid in a confuser channel which are based on the study of functional at the extremum have made it possible to obtain a dependence for calculation of an optimal cone angle at a turbulent mode of motion within the range of Reynolds numbers 4000 < Re < 3 ×106 while taking into account an influence of working fluid density, its dynamic or kinematic viscosity, average velocity movement of working fluid, confuser radii.

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38

Tomala, Agnieszka, Aldara Naveira Suarez, and Manel Rodríguez Ripoll. "Tribological Behaviour of Corrosion Inhibitors in Metal Working Fluids under Different Contact Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.347.

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The use of different process media such as cutting fluids, coolants, honing oil and washing media in typical machining operations exceeds 5,000 m3 per year. These media support critical functions such as lubrication, corrosion protection, cleaning and cooling, and have an enormous effect on the manufacturing performance. The tribological properties of these media are improved by using additive molecules, which are physically or chemically adsorbed on the surface of tools and workpieces. The additive performance is especially important in water lubricated tribosystems, where the environment is highly corrosive. The role of corrosion inhibitors typically applied is to neutralize the pH of contaminants in the fluid. Ethanolamines and ethylamines are known as ligands which can form chelate bonds with metals via their amino, hydroxyl and deprotonated hydroxyl-groups. In tribology they are widely spread, as corrosion inhibitors and detergents especially for water based lubricants. This study inquires the tribological performance of amine-based solutions in two types of tribotesters which apply different contact conditions. The dissimilar behaviour under rolling and sliding contact is explained in terms of the structure of the adsorbed compounds. Understanding the performance of the first chemisorbed layers of additives on the workpiece provides essential information for optimizing lubrication in aqueous solutions.

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39

Hu, Liancheng, Hiromichi Kobayashi, and Yoshihiro Okuno. "Influence of Working Fluid Characteristics on the Performance of a Liquid Metal Magnetohydrodynamic Generator." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 134, no. 12 (2014): 973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.134.973.

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40

Perera, G. Indika P., HMC Madubhashitha Herath, IM Sanka J. Perera, and MGHM Muditha P. Medagoda. "Investigation on white coconut oil to use as a metal working fluid during turning." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 229, no. 1 (April 7, 2014): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405414525610.

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41

Fernando, W. L. R., N. Sarmilan, K. C. Wickramasinghe, H. M. C. M. Herath, and G. I. P. Perera. "Experimental investigation of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) of coconut oil based Metal Working Fluid." Materials Today: Proceedings 23 (2020): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.079.

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42

KAWATA, Keiichi, Takashi NAKAMURA, Tomio MATSUBARA, and Yutaka SATO. "Machining Accuracy in End-milling with Oil Film on Water Fog Metal Working Fluid." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 69, no. 9 (2003): 1342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.69.1342.

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43

Eisen, Ellen A., Thomas J. Smith, David Kriebel, Susan R. Woskie, Douglas J. Myers, Susan M. Kennedy, Stuart Shalat, and Richard R. Monson. "Respiratory health of automobile workers and exposures to metal-working fluid aerosols: Lung spirometry." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 39, no. 5 (2001): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.1038.

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44

Deltombe, Raphael, Anastasia Belotserkovets, and Laurent Dubar. "Numerical Hybrid Fluid Structure Coupling: Application to Mixed Lubrication in Metal Forming." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.377.

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The present paper deals with a sequential fluid structure coupling approach in order to solution the roughness prediction. The cold rolling model involves the strip with its asperities, the lubricant and the working roll. The strip asperities are modeled in 2D (trapezoidal shape) forming valleys and plateaus. Fluid flow rate between each valley full of lubricant is solved using local Couette's equation. Thus, the volume of lubricant trapped and its pressure are updated on the cold rolling model. During computations, the asperity is deformed from the entry to the exit to obtain its final shape. Global parameters such as front, back tensions, speeds are taken into account but also rheological (fluid, solid) and tribological behaviours.

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45

Ünvar, Sinan, Tayfun Menlik, Adnan Sözen, and Hafız Muhammad Ali. "Improvement of Heat Pipe Solar Collector Thermal Efficiency Using Al2O3/Water and TiO2/Water Nanofluids." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (June 7, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5546508.

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Heat pipe solar collectors (HPSCs) are heat exchangers that carry heat based on the phase change of the heat pipe working fluid. It is aimed to increase the operating temperature range of solar collectors by changing the phase of the working fluid in the heat pipe at low temperature. For this reason, it has become widespread to use nanofluids obtained by mixing nanosized metal oxides with the base fluid in certain proportions in order to increase both the thermal conductivity of the heat pipe working fluids and to increase the specific heat closures. The main purpose of this study, which was conducted to evaluate the performance of HPSCs, is to increase performance, and an experimental study has been conducted in this direction. For this purpose, an HPSC designed and manufactured was used. Al2O3-water and TiO2-water nanofluids containing 2% nanoparticles were used in order to increase performance in the study. HPSC used in the study consists of 8 heat pipes with a length of 100 cm. The experiments were carried out for pure water and nanofluids, and their efficiency and strength were compared. The highest value of instantaneous efficiency was calculated as 48% when pure water was used as the working fluid, 58% for Al2O3-water nanofluid, and 64% for TiO2-water nanofluid. The instantaneous power obtained using pure water was determined as 135.66 W, 167.96 W for Al2O3-water nanofluid, and 184.03 W for TiO2-water nanofluid. The improvement in efficiency was determined as 20.8% for Al2O3-water nanofluid and 33.3% for TiO2-water nanofluid. Improvement in powers was found to be 23.8% for Al2O3-water nanofluid and 35.6% for TiO2-water nanofluid.

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46

Wu, Tao, Lizhi Wang, Yicun Tang, Chao Yin, and Xiankai Li. "Flow and Heat Transfer Performances of Liquid Metal Based Microchannel Heat Sinks under High Temperature Conditions." Micromachines 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010095.

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Developments in applications such as rocket nozzles, miniature nuclear reactors and solar thermal generation pose high-density heat dissipation challenges. In these applications, a large amount heat must be removed in a limited space under high temperature. In order to handle this kind of cooling problem, this paper proposes liquid metal-based microchannel heat sinks. Using a numerical method, the flow and heat transfer performances of liquid metal-based heat sinks with different working fluid types, diverse microchannel cross-section shapes and various inlet velocities were studied. By solving the 3-D steady and conjugate heat transfer model, we found that among all the investigated cases, lithium and circle were the most appropriate choices for the working fluid and microchannel cross-section shape, respectively. Moreover, inlet velocity had a great influence on the flow and heat transfer performances. From 1 m/s to 9 m/s, the pressure drop increased as much as 65 times, and the heat transfer coefficient was enhanced by about 74.35%.

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47

Natareev, Sergey V., Aleksandr A. Bykov, Dmitriy E. Zakharov, and Tatyana E. Nikiforova. "ION-EXCHANGE IN FLUID-BED DEVICE OF CONTINUOUSLY WORKING." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 2 (April 7, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017602.5372.

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The mathematicaldescription of the process of solution purification from heavy metal ionsby means ofion exchange inan apparatus with continuous suspended layer was developed. At the developing mathematical description the following assumptions were used: the ionite is monodisperse and has a spherical shape, uniform initial distribution of substances in the ionite, the ion exchange equilibrium is described by Henry equation, the velocity of the process is limited by both internal and external diffusion, the ionite in the device moves with longitudinal mixing effect, kinetic and hydrodynamic process parameters are constants. Mathematical description includes the following equations: the diffusion equation of ionite, isotherm equation ion exchange, the equation for average concentration of the substance in the ionite, equations of the one-parameter diffusion model, initial and boundary conditions. To solve boundary value problem, we use the integral Laplace transformmations. The obtained equation allows calculating the solution concentration at the output of the apparatus. The authors determined the validity of the mathematical model on the example of the water purification from zinc ions on the KU-2-8 cationite in the continuous single-chamber apparatus with a fluidized bed. The ion exchange unit has a cylindrical body with a diameter of 0.08 m and a conical bottom. Distributive lattice with thickness of 3×10-3 m and with holes with diameter of 2×10-3 m and orifice of 20.6 % were located in the lower part of the device. The height of the fluid-bed ionite layer in the device was 0.12 m. The chamber for separation of ion exchanger and solution was placed in the top of the device. This chamber had a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 0.15 m and height of 0.1 m. The chamber for fluid-bed ionite and chamber for separation of ionite and solution were joined conical shell. The solution flow rate in the apparatus was 2.1×10-5 m3/s. The ionite flow rate in the device was 1.42×10-7 m3/s. The initial concentration of the solution of zinc chloride was taken 5.1×10-3 kg-eq/ m3. The concentration of zinc ions in the spent ionite was 0.67 kg-eq/m3. The concentration of zinc ions in the purified solution was 6.4×10-4 kg-eq/m3. The calculated value of concentration of zinc ions in the spent ionite was 0.66 kg-eq/m3. The calculated value of concentration of zinc ions in the purified solution was 7.2×10-4 kg-eq/m3. The deviation of the calculated results from the experimental data does not exceed 12 %. The elaborated mathematical model is recommended for practical application. For citation:Natareev S.V., BykovА.А., Zakharov D.E., Nikiforova T.E. Ion-exchange in fluid-bed device of continuously working. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N2. P. 85-90.

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48

Harris, Daniel K., Robert Dean, Ashish Palkar, and Gary Wonacott. "High Flux Value Micro-Heat Pipe Arrays." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (January 1, 2010): 001760–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-wp21.

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The concept of heat pipes was introduced by R.S.Gaugler in 1940s and Cotter first introduced the idea of “micro” heat pipes in 1984. Cotter in his paper, defined the micro heat pipe as being one in which the mean curvature of the vapor-liquid interface is comparable in magnitude to the reciprocal of the hydraulic radius of the total flow channel. The Micro Heat Pipes (MHPs) work efficiently through the use of two-phase heat transfer. Various working fluids have been tried in combination with various substrate materials. In this experimental work the main focus was to study the behavior of liquid metal filled MHPs made from silicon as the substrate material. Specially designed MHPs were assembled and charged with mercury as the working fluid. A special test setup was designed and built for the experimental work and the response of the MHPs to the controlled increment in the input power is presented. A number of experiments were carried out on the specimen MHPs to determine their effective thermal conductivity, the variation of the temperature along the axial length and the performance enhancement factor. Effective thermal conductivities as high as 900 W/m-K with a silicon equivalence of 6 were achieved with the liquid metal MHP. Based on the results from the various performance testing parameters, it was observed that the liquid metal charged MHPs performed substantially better than conventional MHPs filled with organic working fluids. The limitations and the possible methods of improving the performance of the MHPs are discussed.

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49

Shvedova, Anna A., Elena Kisin, Julia Kisin, Vincent Castranova, and Choudari Kommineni. "Elevated oxidative stress in skin of B6C3F1 mice affects dermal exposure to metal working fluid." Toxicology and Industrial Health 16, no. 7-8 (August 2000): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823370001600703.

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50

Jain, V. K., and D. S. Shukla. "The role of fatty materials and water soluble inorganic solids in synthetic metal working fluid." Wear 208, no. 1-2 (July 1997): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(96)07402-9.

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