Статті в журналах: "Metal tolerant"

1

Figueira, Etelvina Maria de Almeida Paula, Ana Isabel Gusmão Lima, and Sofia Isabel Almeida Pereira. "Cadmium tolerance plasticity in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae: glutathione as a detoxifying agent." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-101.

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Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains expressing different degrees of tolerance to metal stress were used in this work to study the basic mechanisms underlying heavy metal tolerance. We used various parameters to evaluate this response. The strains' growth responses under different Cd2+ concentrations were determined and we reported variation in Cd2+ tolerance. Total soluble protein content decreased drastically, revealing the toxic effects that intracellular Cd2+ imposes on cellular metabolism, but this decrease in protein content was particularly evident in sensitive and moderately tolerant strains. Tolerant strains presented the highest intracellular and wall-bound Cd2+ concentrations. Cd2+ induced increases in the expression of some specific proteins, which were identical in all tolerant strains. Glutathione levels remained unaltered in the sensitive strain and increased significantly in tolerant and moderately tolerant strains, suggesting the importance of glutathione in coping with metal stress. This work suggests that efflux mechanisms may not be the only system responsible for dealing with heavy metal tolerance. A clear correlation between glutathione levels and Cd2+ tolerance is reported, thus adding a novel aspect in bacteria protection against heavy metal deleterious effects.Key words: glutathione, heavy metal, protein expression, rhizobia, thiol quantification.

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Sim, Carrie Siew Fang, Yuen Lin Cheow, Si Ling Ng, and Adeline Su Yien Ting. "Can metal-tolerant endophytic biocontrol agents promote plant-growth under metal stress?" Acta Biologica Szegediensis 63, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/abs.2019.2.169-179.

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Five metal-tolerant endophytic isolates (Bipolaris sp. LF7, Diaporthe miriciae LF9, Trichoderma asperellum LF11, Phomopsis asparagi LF15, Saccharicola bicolor LF22), with known metal-tolerance attributes and biocontrol activities against Ganoderma boninense, were tested for growth-promoting activities independent of (in vitro) and associated with plants (height, weight, root mass and stem circumference) (in vivo). Results revealed that metal-tolerant endophytes did not significantly render benefit to host plants as plant growth was compromised by the presence of metals. Lower production of indole-acetic acid (0.74-21.77 μg mL-1), siderophores (8.82-90.26%), and deaminase activities of 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (3.00-69.2 μmol mg protein-1 hr-1) were observed.

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Ahmad, Iftikhar, Muhammad Javed Akhtar, Zahir Ahmad Zahir, Muhammad Naveed, Birgit Mitter, and Angela Sessitsch. "Cadmium-tolerant bacteria induce metal stress tolerance in cereals." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21, no. 18 (May 22, 2014): 11054–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3010-9.

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Tanu, FZ, and S. Hoque. "Bacterial Tolerance to Heavy Metal Contents Present in Contaminated and Uncontaminated Soils." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 29, no. 2 (June 25, 2016): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v29i2.28437.

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Present study dealt with identification of some heavy metal tolerant bacteria from contaminated industrial soils of Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ) at Savar, tannery area at Hazaribagh and uncontaminated agricultural soils of Dhamrai and Kushtia in Bangladesh and determination of their tolerance to chromium (Cr6+) and cadmium (Cd2+). A total of 15 isolates from four soil samples were provisionally identified as different species of Bacillus, Micrococcus and Pseudomonas based on their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. Among them eight colonies were separated based on high level of heavy metal tolerance and identified at molecular level by PCR technique and 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Micrococcus luteus strain P43 (E4), Bacillus pocheonensis strain TR2-6 (T6), Bacillus megaterium strain H2 (T8), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SCSAAB0007 (D10), Bacillus cereus isolate PGBw4 (D11), Bacillus cereus strain ES-4a1 (K12), Bacillus subtilis strain 1320, (K13), and Bacillus subtilis strain DP14 (K14). The Maximum Tolerable Concentration (MTC) of bacterial strains to Cr6+ and Cd2+ ranged between 250-1250 ?g/ml and 30-150 ?g/ml, respectively in nutrient broth medium. From the metal tolerance investigation Bacillus was found as the most heavy metal tolerant to both Cr6+ and Cd2+ among the three genera. The identified heavy metal tolerant bacteria could be useful for the bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated environment.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 2, Dec 2012, pp 56-61

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Sridevi, V., and M. Raghuram. "Multiple metal tolerance of Paenibacillus dentritiformis isolated from metal contaminated soils west Godavari district (Andhra Pradesh)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2094.

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Sugar industrial effluents possess high amounts of toxic pollutants and contaminate the receiving sites. Treatment of contaminated sites by using microorganisms provides an alternate to conventional methods hence demands in the identification of metal tolerant microorganisms has been increasing day by day. Therefore in this study soil samples collected from Tanuku sugar factory residual effluent point (bank of Gosthani river), west Godavari district A.P were analyzed for the bacterial tolerance to Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Lead (Pb) in their chloride forms. Additionally, the study was carried out to identify the metal tolerant bacteria by morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies. Four potential bacterial isolates were selected to analyze metal tolerance against CuCl2, ZnCl2, and PbCl2. The sequences were compared with those in NCBI and submitted in gene bank with accession numbers MK100333 (Paenibacillus cookie), MK100334 (Bacillus cereus), MK100335 (Aneurini bacillus sp) and MK100387 (Paenibacillus sp.). A Phylogenetic tree was constructed to Paenibacillus sp. the highly efficient bacterial strain among the four isolates using MEGA 7 soft ware. The results of this study showed that P. dentritiformis had multiple metal tolerances (Cu, Zn and Pb) up to 500mg/L after 72 hrs. The identified bacterial strain proved to be the strong heavy metal tolerant bacterial strain. Hence, its usage will be helpful in the treatment of heavy metals specifically Cu, Zn and Pb contaminated soils and further optimization of these cultures is required to improve its metal resistant capacity.

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Petschinger, Katharina, Wolfram Adlassnig, Marko S. Sabovljevic, and Ingeborg Lang. "Lamina Cell Shape and Cell Wall Thickness Are Useful Indicators for Metal Tolerance—An Example in Bryophytes." Plants 10, no. 2 (January 31, 2021): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020274.

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Bryophytes are widely used to monitor air quality. Due to the lack of a cuticle, their cells can be compared to the roots of crop plants. This study aimed to test a hypothetical relation between metal tolerance and cell shape in biomonitoring mosses (Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum) and metal sensitive species (Physcomitrium patens, Plagiomnium affine). The tolerance experiments were conducted on leafy gametophytes exposed to solutions of ZnSO4, ZnCl2, and FeSO4 in graded concentrations of 1 M to 10−8 M. Plasmolysis in D-mannitol (0.8 M) was used as a viability measure. The selected species differed significantly in lamina cell shape, cell wall thickness, and metal tolerance. In those tested mosses, the lamina cell shape correlated significantly with the heavy metal tolerance, and we found differences for ZnSO4 and ZnCl2. Biomonitoring species with long and thin cells proved more tolerant than species with isodiametric cells. For the latter, “death zones” at intermediate metal concentrations were found upon exposure to ZnSO4. Species with a greater tolerance towards FeSO4 and ZnSO4 had thicker cell walls than less tolerant species. Hence, cell shape as a protoplast-to-wall ratio, in combination with cell wall thickness, could be a good marker for metal tolerance.

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Hasan, Zameerul, Seema Singh, RAS Khuswaha, Santosh Kumar, Supriya Karpathak, and Rajeev Kumar. "Antibiotic Susceptibility in metal tolerant Pseudomonas Spp. from Tannery waste water." International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy & Life Sciences 7, no. 2 (March 2018): 2954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijrdpl.2278-0238.2018.7(2).2954-2958.

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IRAWATI, WAHYU, SEMUEL RIAK, NIDA SOPIAH, and SUSI SULISTIA. "Heavy metal tolerance in indigenous bacteria isolated from the industrial sewage in Kemisan River, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 18, no. 4 (December 7, 2017): 1481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180425.

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Irawati W, Riak S, Sopiah N, Sulistia S. 2017. Heavy metal tolerance in indigenous bacteria isolated from the industrial sewage in Kemisan River, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1481-1486. The bacterial study is a part of human calling in preserving the earth. Many indigenous bacteria isolated from heavy metal contaminated sites had resistance to heavy metal toxicity and could be used for heavy metal removal. The aims of this study were to isolate heavy metal-tolerant indigenous bacteria from the industrial sewage of Kemisan River in Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. The potency of bacterial isolates to remove heavy metals was also determined. The heavy-metal tolerance was determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration. The potency of bacterial isolate for removing heavy metals from the medium was determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that there were eight heavy metal-resistant bacteria isolated from Kemisan River with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 7 mM to 11 mM. Isolate PbSI1 was the highest lead tolerant bacteria, and also tolerant to copper and zinc. The isolate was able to remove 91.25% lead, 73.38% zinc, and 98.57% copper from medium supplemented with the mixture of these heavy metals. The addition of 9 mM of lead in the medium affected the morphological appearance of isolate colonies i.e PbSI1 and PbSI3 to become darker which might occur due to the survival mechanism of bacteria by absorbing the lead inside the cells. The finding of this study indicated that isolate PbSI1 was a promising bacterium, which could be further developed for heavy metal removal.

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Ltaeif, Hela Belhaj, Anis Sakhraoui, Jesús M. Castillo, Slim Rouz, and Oscar Vicente. "Germination and early seedling growth in four Plantago species in response to Zn, Cu and Fe." EuroBiotech Journal 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2024-0004.

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Abstract Heavy metal contamination is an increasingly pressing global ecological concern adversely affecting plant growth. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and low-cost approach to help solve this problem by using plants to remove metals. This study aimed to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of four Plantago species, exposing them to different concentrations (0, 150, 300, 600 and 900 ppm) of zinc, copper, and iron during germination and early seedling growth. These are generally the phases of the plant life cycle most sensitive to stress. The germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), radicle, hypocotyl and cotyledons length, biomass, water content and tolerance index (TI) were recorded under controlled conditions. The results indicated that metal-induced stress significantly reduced GP, increased MGT, and inhibited seedling growth with increased metal concentration. The relative toxicity of the tested metals could be ranked as Fe > Cu > Zn. Regarding the Plantago species, P. tunetana and P. lanceolata could be considered highly tolerant, P. albicans moderately tolerant, and P. afra low-tolerant to metal toxicity during germination. Therefore, P. tunetana and P. lanceolata present an excellent potential for phytoremediation of metal-contaminated zones.

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Moreira, Fátima M. S., Anderson Lange, Osmar Klauberg-Filho, José O. Siqueira, Rafaela S. A. Nóbrega, and Adriana S. Lima. "Associative diazotrophic bacteria in grass roots and soils from heavy metal contaminated sites." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 80, no. 4 (December 2008): 749–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652008000400014.

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This work aimed to evaluate density of associative diazotrophic bacteria populations in soil and grass root samples from heavy metal contaminated sites, and to characterize isolates from these populations, both, phenotypically (Zinc, Cadmium and NaCl tolerance in vitro, and protein profiles) and genotypically (16S rDNA sequencing), as compared to type strains of known diazotrophic species. Densities were evaluated by using NFb, Fam and JNFb media, commonly used for enrichment cultures of diazotrophic bacteria. Bacterial densities found in soil and grass root samples from contaminated sites were similar to those reported for agricultural soils. Azospirillum spp. isolates from contaminated sites and type strains from non-contaminated sites varied substantially in their in vitro tolerance to Zn+2 and Cd+2, being Cd+2 more toxic than Zn+2. Among the most tolerant isolates (UFLA 1S, 1R, S181, S34 and S22), some (1R, S34 and S22) were more tolerant to heavy metals than rhizobia from tropical and temperate soils. The majority of the isolates tolerant to heavy metals were also tolerant to salt stress as indicated by their ability to grow in solid medium supplemented with 30 g L-1 NaCl. Five isolates exhibited high dissimilarity in protein profiles, and the 16S rDNA sequence analysis of two of them revealed new sequences for Azospirillum.

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Pandey, Mohnish, Filip A. Rasmussen, Korina Kuhar, Thomas Olsen, Karsten W. Jacobsen, and Kristian S. Thygesen. "Defect-Tolerant Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides." Nano Letters 16, no. 4 (April 2016): 2234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04513.

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12

Robinson, Gene D. "Metal-tolerant bacteria in geochemical exploration." Chemical Geology 82 (1990): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90079-m.

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Alla Katsnelson, special to C&EN. "Metal-tolerant fungus cleans up mercury." C&EN Global Enterprise 100, no. 42 (November 28, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10042-scicon3.

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14

Akbar, Mahnoor, Ahmed M. El-Sabrout, Shadi Shokralla, Eman A. Mahmoud, Hosam O. Elansary, Fizza Akbar, Burhan ud Din, et al. "Preservation and Recovery of Metal-Tolerant Fungi from Industrial Soil and Their Application to Improve Germination and Growth of Wheat." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 5531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095531.

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Heavy metals contaminate soil and adversely affect plant growth. These soils contain different fungi and bacteria which exhibit metal tolerance and work as bioremediation agents to detoxify polluted soils. In the present study, polluted soil samples were collected to estimate the contamination of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd). From this contaminated soil, metal tolerant fungi were isolated and characterized. Copper and cadmium were found in a range of 190.2–300.4 mg/kg and 46.8–56.1 mg/kg, respectively. For the isolation of metal tolerant fungi, soil dilutions were made in water and inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. Fungal growth was observed on PDA and successive screening resulted in the isolation of four multi-metal tolerant fungal species, including Penicillim oxalicum, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum. Sequencing of 18S rRNA genes of isolated fungi also efficiently identified them. To reveal minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), these fungi were exposed to increasing concentrations of cadmium and copper chlorides (100 to 1000 ppm) and a variable MIC range of 400 ppm to 1000 ppm was estimated. Based on tolerance index analysis, F. solani was found to be resistant at 1 mM copper, while P. oxalicum was the most tolerant species under cadmium stress. F. solani and P. oxalicum demonstrated the highest biosorption capacity of Cu and Cd, respectively. Both metals negatively affected wheat seedlings in a pot experiment, while the treatment of both F. solani and P. oxalicum positively influenced the germination and growth of wheat. Based on these observations, it could be inferred that F. solani and P. oxalicum can be used for the myco-remediation of Cu and Cd, respectively.

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JAMALI, SITI ATHIRAH MOHAMAD, NOOR AFIZA BADALUDDIN, SYARUL NATAQAIN BAHARUM, JAMILAH MOHD SALIM, AZIZ AHMAD, and MARIAM TAIB. "Trichoderma atroviride ISOLATED FROM MANGROVES OF THE EAST COAST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA EXHIBITED HIGH TOLERANCE AGAINST HEAVY METAL CADMIUM." Malaysian Applied Biology 49, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v49i4.1600.

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The toxicity of the heavy metal cadmium to organisms is known, with differing tolerance in different organisms. The ability of fungi to survive in sites polluted with heavy metals has led to its mechanism of heavy metal tolerance being widely investigated. However, little work has addressed cadmium tolerance in fungi isolated from mangroves, the heavy metal basin. Therefore, this study was carried out to isolate fungi and investigate their tolerance towards cadmium. Samples used were obtained from the mangroves in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Aquatic fungal isolates were selected for cadmium- tolerance screening, in the range of 0 to 0.5 mM. The identification of the most tolerant fungus was confirmed using the molecular approach and used further to study its tolerance in higher concentrations of cadmium. A total of 25 fungi was isolated and seven isolates were classified as aquatic fungi. Trichoderma sp. was shown to be the most tolerant towards cadmium. The sequencing result of the amplified fungal gene confirmed its identity as Trichoderma atroviride. Further tolerance test showed that the fungus survived in 3.0 mM, the highest concentration tested, although at a slower growth rate and with affected sporulation. These results can be the baseline data for further investigations on the mechanism of cadmium detoxification in T. atroviride, thus enhancing its potential as a heavy metal bioremediator.

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Dziuba, Julia, and Beatrycze Nowicka. "Unravelling the Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Tolerance: Enhancement in Hydrophilic Antioxidants and Major Antioxidant Enzymes Is Not Crucial for Long-Term Adaptation to Copper in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Plants 13, no. 7 (March 30, 2024): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13070999.

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Understanding of the mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance in algae is important for obtaining strains that can be applied in wastewater treatment. Cu is a redox-active metal directly inducing oxidative stress in exposed cells. The Cu-tolerant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain Cu2, obtained via long-term adaptation, displayed increased guaiacol peroxidase activity and contained more lipophilic antioxidants, i.e., α-tocopherol and plastoquinol, than did non-tolerant strain N1. In the present article, we measured oxidative stress markers; the content of ascorbate, soluble thiols, and proline; and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in N1 and Cu2 strains grown in the absence or presence of excessive Cu. The Cu2 strain displayed less pronounced lipid peroxidation and increased APX activity compared to N1. The amount of antioxidants was similar in both strains, while SOD and CAT activity was lower in the Cu2 strain. Exposure to excessive Cu led to a similar increase in proline content in both strains and a decrease in ascorbate and thiols, which was more pronounced in the N1 strain. The Cu2 strain was less tolerant to another redox-active heavy metal, namely chromium. Apparently other mechanisms, probably connected to Cu transport, partitioning, and chelation, are more important for Cu tolerance in Cu2 strain.

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Hossain, M. Iqbal, and M. Nural Anwar. "Isolation and Identification of Heavy Metal Tolerant Bacteria from Tannery Effluents." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 29, no. 1 (June 25, 2016): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v29i1.28430.

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The aim and objective of the study was to isolate and characterize heavy metal tolerant microorganisms from tannery effluents. Six effluent samples were collected aseptically and their physical and chemical parameters were determined. A total of 40 bacterial colonies were isolated from these effluent samples. Among them, six bacterial isolates were characterized provisionally as Alcaligenes aquamarinus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus firmus, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas alcaligens and Pseudomonas mendocina based on morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. The survibality and tolerance to heavy metals (Cr and Cu) of these isolates were examined. All the isolates were found to grow at high concentration of CuSO4 (95ppm/ml) and varying degrees of chromium (K2Cr2O7). The highest tolerance was shown by Alcaligenes aquamarinus. These heavy metal tolerant organisms could be potential agents for bioremediation of heavy metals polluted environment.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 1, June 2012, pp 23-26

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Peter, Antai Sylvester, Agbor Reagan Bessong, Iwatt Godwin Dickson, and Ubi Stanley Emmanuel. "Heavy Metal Tolerance profile among Bacterial species Isolated from Hydrocarbon polluted sites and their mobile genetic elements." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(1).158.170.

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This present study evaluated the plasmid incidence in bacteria and their genetic elements in heavy metals tolerant-antibiotics resistant microbes isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon polluted sites. The plasmid isolation was carried out using the fermentas Genejet plasmid miniprep kit (Thermofisher Scientific Inc, USA). Screening for class 1, 2, and 3 integrons, incompatibility group P testing, plasmid replicon typing, plasmid restriction analysis, and other analysis was performed using standard laboratory procedures. Plasmid incidences were higher among multiple heavy metal-tolerant bacterial species from hydrocarbon-polluted sites than those from the pristine site. Further, Class 1 integron incidence was significantly higher among the integrons in heavy metal tolerant bacterial isolates isolated from the polluted ecosystems than those from pristine ecosystems. Plasmid replicon type of bacteria with multiple heavy metal tolerance and antibiotics resistance indexes revealed that IncN plasmid replicon type carrying class 1 integron. This encodes resistance to sulphamethazole/trimethoprim, ampicillin, and tolerance to Cd, Ni, and Cu in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from petroleum-polluted soil. This is the first report of IncN plasmid in environmental bacteria in Nigeria, particularly from petroleum polluted environment. The conjugation experiment confirmed the possible transferability of antibiotic resistance determinants among isolates in polluted ecosystems. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that petroleum hydrocarbon pollution vis-a-vis heavy metal selective pressure with the abundance of mobile genetic elements amongst isolates from polluted ecosystems could contribute to the dispersing of antibiotic resistance genes, thus posing a serious public health concern.

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Fabiszewski, Jerzy. "Heavy metal tolerance of Cardaminopsis halleri (L.) Hayek populations in the Polish Tatra Mts." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 55, no. 3 (2014): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1986.037.

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Nine populations of <em>Caradaminopsis halleri</em> growing on old mine spoil hillocks in the Tatra Mts. were studied. Five of the plant populations showed an increased content of zinc, copper and lead in shoots, in correlation with a higher contents of these elements in soil. Laboratory tests revealed the highest index of zinc-tolerance for these populations. In field zinc-tolerant populations produce stunted individuals with a decreased, by more than a half, biomass as compared with non-tolerant populations.

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M, Ranjithkumar, Sathya P, and Mahalingam PU. "CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC TOLERANT BACTERIAL STRAINS FROM THE ELECTROPLATING EFFLUENT CONTAMINATED SOIL." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 7, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2022.v07.i01.001.

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Toxic heavy metal pollution is expanding throughout the world as a result of industrial progress. This work focuses on the characterization of zinc tolerant bacterial strains from an electroplating effluent polluted soil sample in order to minimize/control metal pollution. pH, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity, Total Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Chloride, Sodium, Calcium, Potassium, Biological Oxygen Demand, and Chemical Oxygen Demand were all measured and evaluated in the zinc-containing electroplating effluent sample. The sixteen bacterial strains were isolated from a polluted soil sample with electroplating effluent and identified using morphological and biochemical features. Using nutritional agar medium enriched with zinc metal, all of the chosen strains were evaluated for metal tolerance. Only six bacterial strains were chosen as potential metal tolerant strains based on the screening study, and these strains were characterized under various environmental conditions such as different pH (pH 5, pH 7, and pH 9), different temperatures (5°C, 28°C, 37°C, and 45°C), and different metal concentrations (100ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm and 400ppm). Pseudomonas sp strain 1 was shown to be a better zinc resistant organism, according to the findings

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Sergeeva, L. E., and S. I. Mykhalska. "Cell selection with heavy metal ions for obtaining salt tolerant plant cell cultures." Fiziologia rastenij i genetika 51, no. 4 (August 2019): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/frg2019.04.315.

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Begum, Abida, and S. Harikrishna. "Evaluation of Some Tree Species to Absorb Air Pollutants in Three Industrial Locations of South Bengaluru, India." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, s1 (2010): S151—S156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/398382.

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With the fast growing and excessive increase in industrial projects in Bengaluru, the level of pollution is also increasing. Metal-accumulating woody species have been considered for phytoextraction of metal-contaminated sites. The study examined the air pollution tolerance indices (APTI) of plant species around three industrial areas of south Bengaluru. The physiological and biochemical parameters, which are relative to leaf's water content (RWC), ascorbic acid content (AA), total leaf chlorophyll (TCh) and leaf extract pH were used to compute the APTI values and three heavy metals were selected (cadmium, lead and zinc) for analysis. The result shows that the most tolerant tree species with respect to ATPI and heavy metal concentration wereFicus religiosa, Azadirachta indicaandPongamia pinnata (L.). These plants can be considered as tolerant species in the industrial areas. The APTI values for remaining species are reported lower and are considered as sensitive species. Further studies on air pollution tolerance index with respect to three industrial areas of south Bengaluru indicated that the air pollution was maximum in Jigani industrial area and minimum in Electronic city.

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Sergeeva, L. E., and L. I. Bronnikova. "Cell selection with heavy metal ions for obtaining wheat and maize forms tolerant to osmotic stresses." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 22 (September 9, 2018): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v22.968.

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Aim. The obtaining tolerant to salt and water stresses wheat and maize variants via cell selection with barium and cadmium heavy metal cations were the idea. Barium cations disrupt the cell potassium transport. Cadmium cations affect the dehydrins. The maintenance of these parameters under stress conditions provides the plant tolerance. Methods. Modified media for initial selection were developed by the supplement of the lethal doses of heavy metal ions. Wheat and maize suspension cultures were plated on selective media. The relative fresh biomass growth was the marker of variant stress tolerance. Results. Ba-resistant and Cd‑resistant plant cell lines were obtained. Those variants were tested under salinity and water stress pressure at lethal for wild type cells doses. Cell lines demonstrated the combined tolerance to abiotic stresses. Conclusions. The cell selection with heavy metal ions – is a new approach for isolation cell variants with higher levels of osmotic stresses tolerance. Keywords: cereals, osmotic stresses, cell selection with heavy metal ions, combined tolerance.

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Karpyuk, L. A., A. V. Lysikov, A. A. Maslov, E. N. Mikheev, V. V. Novikov, V. K. Orlov, and A. O. Titov. "Prospective Accident-Tolerant Uranium-Molybdenum Metal Fuel." Atomic Energy 130, no. 3 (July 2021): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10512-021-00787-8.

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Abudayyeh, Omar K., Cayla Nelson, Geoffrey K. Bradshaw, Steven Whipple, David M. Wilt, and Sang M. Han. "Crack-Tolerant Metal Composites as Photovoltaic Gridlines." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 9, no. 6 (November 2019): 1754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2019.2939096.

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Wang, Aoxuan, Shan Tang, Debin Kong, Shan Liu, Kevin Chiou, Linjie Zhi, Jiaxing Huang, Yong-Yao Xia, and Jiayan Luo. "Bending-Tolerant Anodes for Lithium-Metal Batteries." Advanced Materials 30, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 1703891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201703891.

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Adriaensen, K., T. Vrålstad, J. P. Noben, J. Vangronsveld, and J. V. Colpaert. "Copper-Adapted Suillus luteus, a Symbiotic Solution for Pines Colonizing Cu Mine Spoils." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (November 2005): 7279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.7279-7284.2005.

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ABSTRACT Natural populations thriving in heavy-metal-contaminated ecosystems are often subjected to selective pressures for increased resistance to toxic metals. In the present study we describe a population of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus that colonized a toxic Cu mine spoil in Norway. We hypothesized that this population had developed adaptive Cu tolerance and was able to protect pine trees against Cu toxicity. We also tested for the existence of cotolerance to Cu and Zn in S. luteus. Isolates from Cu-polluted, Zn-polluted, and nonpolluted sites were grown in vitro on Cu- or Zn-supplemented medium. The Cu mine isolates exhibited high Cu tolerance, whereas the Zn-tolerant isolates were shown to be Cu sensitive, and vice versa. This indicates the evolution of metal-specific tolerance mechanisms is strongly triggered by the pollution in the local environment. Cotolerance does not occur in the S. luteus isolates studied. In a dose-response experiment, the Cu sensitivity of nonmycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris seedlings was compared to the sensitivity of mycorrhizal seedlings colonized either by a Cu-sensitive or Cu-tolerant S. luteus isolate. In nonmycorrhizal plants and plants colonized by the Cu-sensitive isolate, root growth and nutrient uptake were strongly inhibited under Cu stress conditions. In contrast, plants colonized by the Cu-tolerant isolate were hardly affected. The Cu-adapted S. luteus isolate provided excellent insurance against Cu toxicity in pine seedlings exposed to elevated Cu levels. Such a metal-adapted Suillus-Pinus combination might be suitable for large-scale land reclamation at phytotoxic metalliferous and industrial sites.

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Rosas-Ramírez, Jonathan Ricardo, Keila Isaac-Olivé, Martín Pablo Moreno-Pérez, Gauddy Lizeth Manzanares-Leal, Jorge Humberto Serment Guerrero, Ángel Horacio Sandoval-Trujillo, and Ninfa Ramírez-Durán. "Identification of halophilic bacteria tolerant to heavy metals." Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental 39 (September 7, 2023): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.20937/rica.54220.

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Heavy metals released into the environment cause deterioration of environmental health. Their removal by biological means is a strategy under study. This research aimed to isolate and identify halophilic bacteria from saline-sodic soils and determine their tolerance to the metalloid As3+ and the heavy metals Cr6+, Hg2+, and Pb2+. The strains were grown on halophilic medium (HM), without and with the presence of each metal, at 10% NaCl, pH 8.0 ± 0.2, and 37 ºC. The strains with the highest tolerance to each metal were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was subsequently determined. Seventy-five halophilic strains were isolated. The isolates with the highest tolerance were Salinicococcus spp. strains TX3SA-2MHG1 and TX3SA-4MHG1 [MIC (Hg2+) of 0.1 mmol/L]; Halomonas sp. strain TXO4B-1SG9 [MIC (Pb2+) of 7.0 mmol/L]; Nocardiopsis sp. strains TXO7B-1SG12 and TXV10-3SG5 [MIC (As3+) of 8.5 mmol/L], and Nocardiopsis sp. strain TXV7-8SG2 [MIC (As3+) of 27.25 mmol/L; MIC (Cr6+) 1250.0 mmol/L; MIC (Hg2+) 0.075 mmol/L and MIC (Pb2+) 7.5 mmol/L]. It was possible to obtain and identify isolates of halophilic metal tolerant bacteria.

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Pariatamby, Agamuthu. "Influence of Bioaugmentation on the Decontamination of Heavy Metal Impacted Landfill Soil." Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 4, no. 3 (2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000165.

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The research is aimed to decontaminate heavy metal polluted landfill soil using consortia of fungi as bioaugmentation agents. Two consortia namely highly metal tolerant fungi (HMTF) and moderately metal tolerant fungi (MMTF) were used for the bioaugmentation. The experiment was conducted at day 0, 20, 60, and 100. Soil physicochemical parameters (pH, conductivity, redox potentials, and metal concentrations) were found to decline along the duration of the experiment. The maximum metal removal (48%) was achieved in soil treated with HMTF. Both treatments were efficient than the control (P < 0.05). The bioremediation efficiency was significantly influenced by the bioaugmented fungi. Therefore, the technique can be utilized for future treatment of metal impacted soil.

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Münzinger, Armin, and Franco Monicelli. "Heavy metal co-tolerance in a chromium tolerant strain of Daphnia magna." Aquatic Toxicology 23, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445x(92)90053-p.

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Ieviņa, Silvija, Andis Karlsons, Anita Osvalde, Una Andersone-Ozola, and Gederts Ievinsh. "Coastal Wetland Species Rumex hydrolapathum: Tolerance against Flooding, Salinity, and Heavy Metals for Its Potential Use in Phytoremediation and Environmental Restoration Technologies." Life 13, no. 7 (July 21, 2023): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13071604.

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Plants with high biomass adapted to conditions of increased moisture and with significant salt tolerance appear to be particularly attractive candidates for phytoremediation studies. The aim of the present study was to examine the tolerance of Rumex hydrolapathum plants to freshwater, saltwater inundation, and soil contaminated with heavy metals, as well as its metal accumulation potential in controlled conditions. Six separate vegetation container experiments in controlled conditions were performed with R. hydrolapathum plants to study the effects of soil moisture, waterlogging with NaCl, soil Cd, soil Cr, soil Ni, and soil Pb in the form of a nitrate or acetate. Optimum plant growth occurred in waterlogged soil conditions. As the concentration of NaCl used for waterlogging increased, the mass of living leaves decreased, but that of dry leaves increased. As a result, the total biomass of leaves did not significantly change. R. hydrolapathum plants were extremely tolerant to Cd and Pb, moderately tolerant to Ni, and relatively sensitive to Cr. The plants had high capacity for metal accumulation in older and senescent leaves, especially for Na+, K+, Cd, and Ni. R. hydrolapathum plants can tolerate soil waterlogging with seawater-level salinity, which, together with the metal tolerance and potential for metal accumulation in leaves, make them excellently suited for use in a variety of wastewater treatment systems, including constructed wetlands.

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Igoni, Yirabari Gote, Danagogo Lawson Stephenson, Nbaa Smart Atah, and Clement Okpulor Amaechi. "Antimicrobial and Metal Tolerance of Bacteria Isolated from Underground Water Sample of Aged Crude Oil Contaminated Site." South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology 15, no. 4 (May 19, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v15i4291.

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The study was aimed at evaluating metal tolerant and antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from underground water around aged crude oil polluted site. Samples were collected from different locations around aged crude oil polluted site and control sample from an uncontaminated site of Bodo community, Gokana Local Government, Rivers state, Nigeria. The samples were cultured on nutrient agar, Bushnell Hass and MacConkay agar using standard microbial technique. Antibiogram of the isolated and identified bacteria were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The bacterial tolerance of different concentrations of the heavy metals, Chromium, Vanadium, Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead was determined. The total heterotrophic bacterial count (THBC) of the samples ranged from 1.26×104 CFU/ml to 3.6×105 CFU/ml. Count of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) ranged from 1.02×103 to 3.2×103 CFU/ml and the coliform count of the sample ranged from 4.2×103 CFU/ml to 4.0×103ml. The predominant bacteria identified were Bacillus sp, Micrococcus sp, and Staphylococcus sp, Enterobacter sp and Proteus sp. All (100%) the Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to the antibiotic, Ceftazidime, Cefprozil and Cloxacin, 92% were resistant to Gentamycin and Erythromycin while 80% were resistant to Augmentin. All (100%) of the Gram-negative bacteria isolates were resistant to cefluroxime, 66% were resistant to Augmentin and Ceftazidim, and 33% were observed to be resistant to Nitrofurantin and Gentamicin. It was observed that all the isolates were tolerant to 50 µg/ml concentration, 70 to 100% of the isolates were tolerant to 100 µg/ml concentration, 17 to 100% were tolerant to 200 µg/ml concentration while 11 to 41% were tolerant to 300 µg/ml concentration of all the heavy metals studied. From this study, it was revealed that petroleum aged contamination could be a source of heavy-metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

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33

Divakar, G., R. S. Sameer, and M. Bapuji. "Screening of Multi-Metal Tolerant Halophilic Bacteria for Heavy Metal Remediation." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 2062–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.710.238.

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34

Münstermann, S., W. Bleck, D. Schäfer, M. Feldmann, E. Aarden, and D. Barben. "Meeting technological and social challenges – Sustainable design principles for damage tolerant microstructures." Revue de Métallurgie 109, no. 5 (2012): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2012023.

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35

PADGAONKAR, Amruta, Additiya PARAMANYA, Payal POOJARİ, and Ahmad ALİ. "Metal tolerance of Spirulina platensis." Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 35, no. 3 (December 2, 2022): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1097816.

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Microorganism-based bioremediation is a well-sought after method for industrial wastewater treatment and forms the primary stage. The current research suggests using Spirulina platensis as an organism of choice for bioremediation. This study provides an insight into the potential use of primary-treated wastewater as the growth media for Spirulina platensis. The tolerance of S. platensis was confirmed for metals such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) by using media enriched with these metals. S. platensis was most tolerant to Hg followed by Cd and Cu. Further, it is suggested that the biomass and bioactive compounds extracted from S. platensis be tested for their application in animal and aquaculture feed, supplements, and pharmaceuticals.

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36

Vasilachi, Ionela Cătălina, Vasile Stoleru, and Maria Gavrilescu. "Analysis of Heavy Metal Impacts on Cereal Crop Growth and Development in Contaminated Soils." Agriculture 13, no. 10 (October 12, 2023): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13101983.

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The impact of heavy metal presence in soil on cereal crops is a growing concern, posing significant challenges to global food security and environmental sustainability. Cereal crops, vital sources of nutrition, face the risk of contamination with toxic heavy metals released into the environment through human activities. This paper explores key aspects requiring thorough investigation to foster innovation and understand intricate interactions between heavy metals and cereals. Visible symptoms and physiological changes resulting from heavy metal contamination, such as chlorosis and stunted growth, demand further research to devise targeted mitigation strategies and sustainable agricultural practices. Root barrier formation, mycorrhizal symbiosis, and metal-binding proteins emerge as critical defence mechanisms for combating heavy metal stress, offering opportunities for developing metal-tolerant cereal varieties. Research on metal bioavailability and food safety implications in cereal grains is vital to safeguard human health. This paper reveals that multidisciplinary collaboration and cutting-edge technologies are essential for promoting innovation beyond the state of the art in elucidating and mitigating the impacts of heavy metals on cereal crops. Genetic and breeding approaches show promise in developing metal-tolerant cereal varieties, while agronomic practices and soil amendments can reduce metal bioavailability and toxicity. Unravelling the complex mechanisms underlying heavy metal uptake and tolerance is essential for sustainable cereal agriculture and worldwide food sustainability. Embracing the challenges of heavy metal pollution through proactive research and collaboration can secure a resilient future for cereal crops amid evolving environmental conditions.

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Archambault, Daniel J., and Keith Winterhalder. "Metal tolerance in Agrostis scabra from the Sudbury, Ontario, area." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 766–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-084.

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Acid, metal-contaminated soils are frequently colonized by plant species that have evolved tolerance to metals. Agrostis scabra (tickle grass) grows at several such sites in the Sudbury area. To test whether these populations were tolerant to metals, three experiments were performed. A hydroponic root growth experiment, in which clonal ramets from contaminated and uncontaminated sites were grown in metal-amended nutrient solutions, showed that plants from the Sudbury area had greater tolerance indices than those from outside Sudbury. A seed-based hydroponic experiment, where seeds were germinated in metal solutions, showed that metal-tolerance indices calculated from root growth were mostly greater for populations from Sudbury but that leaf growth was not a good indicator of metal tolerance. A seed-based soil-bioassay experiment, in which seeds were germinated on soils covered with filter paper, showed that seeds from contaminated sites performed better on contaminated soil and a 50:50 soil mixture (contaminated–uncontaminated) than those from uncontaminated sites. Populations of A. scabra growing on contaminated soils in the Sudbury area therefore appear to have been selected for metal tolerance. Ecological aspects of metal tolerance and the possible role of A. scabra in the revegetation of the Sudbury area are discussed. Key words: Agrostis scabra, tolerance, metals, acid soil, contamination.

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38

Shammi, Tahmina, and Sangita Ahmed. "Heavy Metal Tolerance and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacillus spp. Isolated from Two Major Rivers in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 30, no. 1-2 (June 25, 2016): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v30i1-2.28448.

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Pollution of the environment with toxic heavy metals is spreading throughout the world along with industrial progress. Removal of these toxic heavy metals by using bacteria has achieved growing attention in recent years. The present study focuses on isolation of lead and chromium tolerant Bacillus spp., from the Buriganga and the Shitalkhya, the two major rivers surrounding Dhaka. A total of 25 Bacillus spp. isolates tolerant to 50 ppm lead and chromium were preliminarily identified based on morphological and biochemical analysis. Further investigation revealed that all isolates were also able to grow at 1000 ppm lead and 400 ppm chromium, while tolerance to 1500 ppm lead and 500 ppm chromium was observed among 48% and 76% isolates, respectively. All isolates were also able to grow at 50 ppm copper and 50 ppm zinc, while 72% grew at 100 ppm copper. The heavy metal tolerant Bacillus spp were also multi drug resistant and showed resistance to Tetracycline (100%), Ceftazidime (100%), Ceftriaxone (100%), Ampicillin (28%) and Nalidixic acid (24%).Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 17-22

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Liu, Jiajia, Dazhong Zhang, Yuanbo Zhang, Hao Zhou, Pengliang Chen, Yuhao Yuan, Qinghua Yang, Lin Zhao, and Baili Feng. "Dynamic and Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Key Factors Contributing to Cadmium Tolerance in Broomcorn Millet." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 6148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116148.

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Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) has great potential in Cd phytoextraction, but its mechanisms are largely unknown. Two contrasting broomcorn millet varieties, ‘Ningmi6’ (Cd-sensitive variety) and ‘4452’ (Cd-tolerant variety), were investigated through morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses to determine the factors responsible for their differential Cd tolerance and translocation. The Cd-tolerant variety can accumulate more Cd, and its cell wall and vacuole component Cd proportions were higher compared with the Cd-sensitive variety. Under Cd stress, the glutathione content and peroxidase activity of the Cd-tolerant variety were significantly higher than those of the Cd-sensitive variety. Additionally, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed hub modules that were associated with Cd stress and/or variety. Notably, genes involved in these hub modules were significantly enriched for roles in glutathione metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, ABC transport, and metal ion transport process. These results suggested that regulation of genes associated with cell wall precipitation and vacuole compartmentalization may increase Cd tolerance and reduce Cd translocation in the Cd-tolerant variety, although it can absorb more Cd. This study provides a foundation for exploring molecular mechanisms of Cd tolerance and transport in broomcorn millet and new insights into improving Cd phytoremediation with this crop through genetic engineering.

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40

Pope, G. V., R. R. Brooks, F. Malaisse, and A. Empain. "The Heavy Metal-Tolerant Flora of Southcentral Africa." Kew Bulletin 42, no. 2 (1987): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4109714.

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41

Lee, Seok J., Celine Doussot, Anthony Baux, Lujia Liu, Geoffrey B. Jameson, Christopher Richardson, Joshua J. Pak, Fabien Trousselet, François-Xavier Coudert, and Shane G. Telfer. "Multicomponent Metal–Organic Frameworks as Defect-Tolerant Materials." Chemistry of Materials 28, no. 1 (December 21, 2015): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04306.

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42

DELOSRIOS, E., C. RODOPOULOS, and J. YATES. "Damage tolerant fatigue design in metal matrix composites." International Journal of Fatigue 19, no. 5 (May 1997): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-1123(97)89092-5.

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43

Nriagu, Jerome O. "The Heavy Metal-Tolerant Flora of Southcentral Africa." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50, no. 12 (December 1986): 2865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90235-8.

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44

Sterenborg, L., C. A. M. van Gestel, and N. M. van Straalen. "Metallothionein in different non-tolerant and metal-tolerant populations of the springtail Orchesella cincta." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 126 (July 2000): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(00)80277-9.

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45

Sim, Carrie Siew Fang, and Adeline Su Yien Ting. "Metal removal from multi-metal solutions by metal-tolerant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from river sediment." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 68 (2017): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.20330.

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46

Danelishvili, Lia, Elyssa Armstrong, Emily Miyasako, Brendan Jeffrey, and Luiz E. Bermudez. "Exposure of Mycobacterium avium subsp. homonissuis to Metal Concentrations of the Phagosome Environment Enhances the Selection of Persistent Subpopulation to Antibiotic Treatment." Antibiotics 9, no. 12 (December 19, 2020): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9120927.

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Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH) is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen causing infections in individuals with chronic lung conditions and patients with immune-deficient disorders. The treatment of MAH infections is prolonged and outcomes many times are suboptimal. The reason for the extended treatment is complex and reflects the inability of current antimicrobials to clear diverse phenotypes of MAH quickly, particularly, the subpopulation of susceptible but drug-tolerant bacilli where the persistent fitness to anti-MAH drugs is stimulated and enhanced by the host environmental stresses. In order to enhance the pathogen killing, we need to understand the fundamentals of persistence mechanism and conditions that can initiate the drug-tolerance phenotype in mycobacteria. MAH can influence the intracellular environment through manipulation of the metal concentrations in the phagosome of infected macrophages. While metals play important role and are crucial for many cellular functions, little is known how vacuole elements influence persistence state of MAH during intracellular growth. In this study, we utilized the in vitro model mimicking the metal concentrations and pH of MAH phagosome at 1 h and 24 h post-infection to distinguish if metals encountered in phagosome could act as a trigger factor for persistence phenotype. Antibiotic treatment of metal mix exposed MAH demonstrates that metals of the phagosome environment can enhance the persistence state, and greater number of tolerant bacteria is recovered from the 24 h metal mix when compared to the viable pathogen number in the 1 h metal mix and 7H9 growth control. In addition, bacterial phenotype induced by the 24 h metal mix increases MAH tolerance to macrophage killing in TNF-α and IFN-γ activated cells, confirming presence of persistent MAH in the 24 h metal mix condition. This work shows that the phagosome environment can promote persistence population in MAH, and that the population differs dependent on a concentration of metals.

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Saidu Abdullahi, Hazzeman Haris, Kamarul Zaman Zarkasi, and Amir Hamzah Ghazali. "Alleviation of Cadmium Stress in Rice Seedlings Inoculated with <i>Enterobacter tabaci</i> 4M9 (CCB-MBL 5004)." Tropical Life Sciences Research 35, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.6.

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The growth of crop plants is greatly affected by the increased toxicity of metals. Luckily, certain beneficial bacteria can potentially reduce the effects of metal stress and promote the growth of the host plants. Many species of bacteria were reported as heavy metal tolerant and plant growth promoting, with very little or no report available concerning Enterobacter tabaci as heavy metal tolerant plant growth promoting. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of Cadmium (Cd) tolerant Enterobacter tabaci 4M9 (CCB-MBL 5004) to alleviate heavy metals stress and enhance the growth of rice seedlings grown under Cd stress conditions. Rice seedlings were grown in Yoshida medium supplemented with different concentrations of Cd and inoculated with 4M9. The results showed that the inoculum tested successfully reduced oxidative stress in the seedlings by reducing the electrolyte leakage (EL) and increasing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the inoculated seedlings compared to the control counterparts. The results also revealed a significant increase in plant growth, biomass, and chlorophyll content of inoculated rice seedlings compared to the control. In general, the Cd tolerant E. tabaci 4M9 confers heavy metal alleviation and thereby improves the growth and survival of rice seedlings under Cd stress conditions. Therefore, the findings stated the potential of 4M9 for alleviating heavy metal stress and promoting the development of inoculated rice seedlings if accidentally grown under Cd-contaminated conditions.

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48

Wiszniewska, Alina. "Priming Strategies for Benefiting Plant Performance under Toxic Trace Metal Exposure." Plants 10, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040623.

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Combating environmental stress related to the presence of toxic elements is one of the most important challenges in plant production. The majority of plant species suffer from developmental abnormalities caused by an exposure to toxic concentrations of metals and metalloids, mainly Al, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. However, defense mechanisms are activated with diverse intensity and efficiency. Enhancement of defense potential can be achieved though exogenously applied treatments, resulting in a higher capability of surviving and developing under stress and become, at least temporarily, tolerant to stress factors. In this review, I present several already recognized as well as novel methods of the priming process called priming, resulting in the so-called “primed state” of the plant organism. Primed plants have a higher capability of surviving and developing under stress, and become, at least temporarily, tolerant to stress factors. In this review, several already recognized as well as novel methods of priming plants towards tolerance to metallic stress are discussed, with attention paid to similarities in priming mechanisms activated by the most versatile priming agents. This knowledge could contribute to the development of priming mixtures to counteract negative effects of multi-metallic and multi-abiotic stresses. Presentation of mechanisms is complemented with information on the genes regulated by priming towards metallic stress tolerance. Novel compounds and techniques that can be exploited in priming experiments are also summarized.

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Strangman, T. E. "Thermal Strain-Tolerant Abradable Thermal Barrier Coatings." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906582.

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Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are applied to hot gas path surfaces to reduce metal temperatures and thermal stresses for improved turbine component durability. Improvements in engine performance are achieved when TBCs enable reductions in cooling air usage and turbine blade tip-shroud clearances. This paper describes the development of thick TBCs with superior strain tolerance. A pattern of grooves or slant steps incorporated into the surface to be coated enables the development of shadow gaps in the ceramic layer during plasma spray deposition. These gaps segment the TBC, permitting ceramic-metal thermal expansion mismatch and thermal strains to be accommodated by free expansion.

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50

Bhuiyan, Md Arifur Rahman, Tazeen Fatima Khan, Shahjahan Choudhury, and SM Imamul Huq. "Cadmium and lead tolerant bacteria isolated from industrial waste water." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 26, no. 1 (January 20, 2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v26i1.46347.

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An in vitro study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize heavy metal resistant bacteria from industrial waste water and to determine their tolerance capacity to cadmium and lead. Different morphological, physiological and biochemical tests were carried out to identify the bacterial isolates in the waste water. A total of eight bacterial isolates viz., Staphyllococcus intermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas flavescens and Acinetobacter lwofii were identified from metal polluted tannery and steel industrial areas. Bacterial response to cadmium tolerance was determined by treating them with CdCl2 solution at a rate of 1, 2, 2.5 and 5 μg/ml. In case of lead tolerant bacteria, PbCl2 solution was applied at a rate of 0.05, 0.125, 0.2 and 0.5 μg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from waste water of steel industries and Bacillus cereus from tannery area was found to be the most tolerant species to the different doses of cadmium and lead. The study indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus could be good candidates for the treatment and elimination of heavy metals from industrial waste water. The present study may be helpful to the bioremediation of heavy metals in the contaminated environment. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(1): 29-38, 2017 (January)

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