Статті в журналах: "METABOLISMO BASALE"

1

Gibbs, C. L., and D. S. Loiselle. "Cardiac Basal Metabolism." Japanese Journal of Physiology 51, no. 4 (2001): 399–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.2170/jjphysiol.51.399.

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2

LOISELLE, D. "Cardiac basal metabolism." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 18 (1986): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(86)80512-0.

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3

Oliveira, Nayrene Amorin Carvalho, Laryssa Alves Magalhães, Maria Rosimar Teixeira Matos, Gislei Frota Aragão, and Tatiana Paschoalette Rodrigues Bachur. "A DEFICIÊNCIA DE TIAMINA E NIACINA COMO FATOR DE RISCO PARA DE DOENÇAS NEUROLÓGICAS." Infarma - Ciências Farmacêuticas 31, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14450/2318-9312.v31.e2.a2019.pp80-85.

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Niacina e tiamina, vitaminas obtidas por meio da dieta, são precursoras de coenzimas do metabolismo intermediário. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura a respeito dessas vitaminas no metabolismo oxidativo e suas implicações em doenças neurológicas. A metodologia consistiu na realização de uma busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados Medline e Science Direct, utilizando os descritores “oxidative stress”, deficiency, “basal metabolism”, “nervous system”, “thiamine” e “niacin”. Ao final, foram destacados dez artigos para a produção da revisão. Os estudos demonstraram que a deficiência das vitaminas niacina e tiamina pode causar disfunções no sistema nervoso central devido a falhas no metabolismo oxidativo.

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4

Velázquez Quevedo, Tulio. "El metabolismo basal en la altura." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 30, no. 2 (October 18, 2014): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v30i2.9630.

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El metabolismo energético total, expresado en términos de calorm puede se medido por la cantidad de oxígeno necesaria para mantenerlo. Es posible esta medición porque el oxígeno tiene un valor calórico conocido según la clase de alimento que se quema en el organismo, y porque se puede saber que clase de alimento (hidratos de carbono, grasas o proteínas) o mezcla de ellos, se quema por la relación entre el CO2 desprendido y el O2 consumido, vale decir, por el Cuociente Respiratorio, En este hecho se basan los métodos de Calorimetría Indirecta para la apreciación del Metabolismo Basal.

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5

LANGEN, C. D. "Basal Metabolism and Sodium Chloride." Acta Medica Scandinavica 150, no. 4 (April 24, 2009): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1954.tb18625.x.

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6

SCHWEITZER, P. M. J. "Calory-Supply and Basal Metabolism." Acta Medica Scandinavica 119, no. 4-5 (April 24, 2009): 306–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1944.tb05403.x.

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7

HUSBY, JAKOB. "Calculation of the Basal. Metabolism." Acta Medica Scandinavica 129, no. 6 (April 24, 2009): 582–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1948.tb09328.x.

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8

Fazlurrahman, Umam. "Insulin Degludec, Generasi Baru Insulin Analog Kerja Sangat Panjang untuk Terapi Diabetes Melitus Tipe 1." Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 47, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v47i9.918.

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<p>Diabetes Melitus tipe 1 adalah kelainan sistemik akibat gangguan metabolisme glukosa yang ditandai hiperglikemia kronik; merupakan jenis DM paling banyak pada anak. Insulin Degludec merupakan generasi baru insulin basal kerja sangat panjang dengan kelebihan waktu paruh panjang dan tanpa puncak, dapat digunakan untuk DM tipe 1 pada anak.</p><p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a systemic disorder due to a disturbance in glucose metabolism characterized by chronic hyperglycemia; it is the most common type in children. Insulin Degludec is a new generation of ultra long-acting basal insulin with long half-life and without peak, can be used for type 1 DM in children.</p>

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9

Wen, Aiyou, Sifa Dai, Xuezhuang Wu, and Zhihua Cai. "Copper bioavailability, mineral utilization, and lipid metabolism in broilers." Czech Journal of Animal Science 64, No. 12 (December 22, 2019): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/210/2019-cjas.

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The study was conducted to investigate the effects of copper (Cu) sources and levels on mineral utilization, tissue copper residues, and lipid metabolism in Arbor Acres broilers. A total of 640 male broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates per group and 16 broilers per replicate. The experiment was used in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial experiment design. Broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet, and animals in the other four groups were fed basal diets supplemented with Cu from copper sulphate and copper methionine. Copper concentrations of the experimental diets were 20 and 40 mg Cu/kg dry matter. A metabolism trial of 4 days was conducted during the last week of experimental feeding. Neither Cu source nor Cu level affected average daily gain, average daily feed intake or feed gain ratio (P > 0.05). Broilers fed 40 mg Cu/kg diets had lower plasma cholesterol than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Copper supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but did not alter plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations or plasma triglyceride concentrations. Copper sulphate supplementation increased (P < 0.05) liver Cu but did not alter pectorals Cu, heart Cu, tibia Cu and tibia P. Broilers fed 40 mg/kg Cu from copper sulphate had a lower (P < 0.05) tibia Ca level. The concentration of liver Cu in the broilers fed copper methionine diets was higher (P < 0.05) than that in those fed copper sulphate. Compared with copper sulphate (100%), the relative bioavailability value of copper methionine was 117%. In conclusion, the relative bioavailability of copper methionine obtained in this study was greater than that of copper sulphate. Copper plays an important role in plasma lipids and in the digestion of dietary Ca in broiler chickens.

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10

Sally, Enilce de Oliveira Fonseca, Luiz Antonio dos Anjos, and Vivian Wahrlich. "Metabolismo Basal durante a gestação: revisão sistemática." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 18, no. 2 (February 2013): 413–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232013000200013.

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O gasto energético (GE) na gestação é fundamental no aconselhamento dietético e no controle da massa corporal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar revisão sistemática nas bases de dados bibliográficas sobre a taxa metabólica basal (TMB), maior componente do GE, durante a gestação de feto único de mulheres saudáveis. Segundo os critérios de inclusão, 37 artigos foram selecionados (24 estudos de coorte e 13 seccionais). O aumento da TMB (entre 8,0 e 35,0%) ocorreu na maioria de estudos de coorte dependendo do tempo de seguimento e do estado nutricional. Nos seccionais, o aumento na TMB foi de 8,0-28,0% na fase final da gestação sobre a fase inicial ou no pós-parto. Informação precária sobre idade materna, perdas de seguimento e curto tempo de acompanhamento durante a gestação foram limitações dos estudos revisados. Em conclusão, a TMB aumenta durante a gestação e o aumento é mais intenso a partir do 2º trimestre. As estimativas mais confiáveis provêm dos poucos estudos de coorte iniciados na fase pré-gestacional.

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11

KOTSANAS, G., and C. GIBBS. "Basal metabolism of isolated perfused hearts." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 17 (1985): viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(85)80361-8.

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12

Wang, Cuncheng. "Thermodynamic significance of human basal metabolism." Journal of Thermal Science 2, no. 2 (June 1993): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02718263.

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13

Pardo S., María A. "Efecto de Solanum sessiliflorum dunal sobre el metabolismo lipídico y de la glucosa." Ciencia e Investigación 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2004): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/ci.v7i2.3350.

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Se estudió el efecto del extracto de Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal- "cocona" sobre la glucosa, colesterol, LDL- c, HDL-c., triglicéridos, en 100 sujetos voluntarios de ambos sexos con dislipidemia e hiperglucemia. Determinadas las concentraciones basales de los parámetros en estudio, se administró a los pacientes 40 mL./ día de extracto de cocona durante 3 días. El estudio matemático estadístico de los resultados obtenidos, permitió establecer que las disminuciones de colesterol, LDL, triglicéridos y glucosa séricos, son estadísticamente significativas ( p < 0.05 ): el colesterol alcanzó niveles normales en el 61 % de los sujetos, el LDL en el 62 %; los triglicéridos en el 92 %, se observó un incremento significativo del HDL en el 82 %, así mismo cabe destacar que, con respecto a la glucemia basal normal de algunos de los sujetos normales, en ninguno de los casos se llegó a la hipoglicemia.

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14

Okorokov, Pavel L. "The role of indirect calorimetry in assessing of resting metabolic rate in obese children." Problems of Endocrinology 64, no. 2 (May 15, 2018): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl8754.

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Basal metabolism accounts for more than half of daily energy expenditure and characterizes energy expenditure necessary to maintain the vital body functions at rest. The lean body mass makes the greatest contribution to the formation of basal metabolism. The «gold standard» for assessing basal metabolism is indirect respiratory calorimetry. This technique also evaluates, apart from basal metabolism, the rate of macronutrient oxidation, which is an important component of a personalized diet. In clinical practice, formulas for calculating basal metabolism are widely used, but their accuracy in children should be verified. Indirect calorimetry is characterized by a high variability of the measured parameters, which is related to the experimental peculiarities. This review briefly describes the main techniques for assessing basal metabolism and the methodology of indirect respiratory calorimetry in adults and its use in the child population. Also, we provide the literature data on the accuracy of assessing basal metabolism in obese children based on the most commonly used calculation formulas. Investigation of the energy metabolism features is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of obesity pathogenesis and develop new techniques for its prevention and treatment.

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15

Han, Gi Ppeum, Geun Hyeon Park, Jong Hyuk Kim, Hyeon Seok Choi, Hwan Ku Kang, and Dong Yong Kil. "PSVII-19 Transcriptomic analysis of the liver of laying hens fed diets containing supplemental fat at early laying stages." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.703.

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Abstract Feeding diets containing supplemental fat to laying hens is reported to ameliorate pathogenesis of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS). However, molecular mechanisms for this positive effect have not been investigated. Thus, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of the liver of laying hens fed diets containing supplemental fat at early laying stages. Two dietary treatments included basal diets with no supplemental fat and basal diets supplemented with 3.0% tallow. A total of 256 18-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were allotted to 1 of 2 treatments. Diets were fed to hens for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment (30 weeks of age), 5 hens with similar BW per treatment were euthanized to collect liver tissues. The cDNA libraries were constructed with extracted RNA from the liver tissues, and sequenced using the Illumina Nextseq 500 sequencer. Genes with False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.05 were defined as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results indicated that a total of 951 DEGs were identified, with 483 being up-regulated and 468 being down-regulated in the liver of hens fed diets containing 3.0% tallow. The KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs belong to several biological pathways such as cellular signaling pathways, carbon metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, drug metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Especially for fatty acid metabolism, the DEGs associated with fatty acid degradation (ECI2, ACSL1, HADHA, EHHADH, ACOX1, CPT1) were up-regulated, whereas those related to fatty acid synthesis (ACACA, ACSL5, FASN) were down-regulated in the liver of hens fed diets containing 3.0% tallow, which indicates that supplemental fat in diets may increase fat oxidation but decrease fat synthesis in the liver. These results provide the molecular insights for hepatic lipid metabolisms by feeding diets containing supplemental fat to laying hens at early laying stages.

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16

MIYATANI, SHUICHI, TOYOKO OKUDA, and HIDEO KOISHI. "BASAL METABOLISM OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA HIGHLANDERS." Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 37, no. 4 (1988): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm1949.37.296.

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17

McNab, Brian K. "What determines the basal rate of metabolism?" Journal of Experimental Biology 222, no. 15 (July 1, 2019): jeb205591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205591.

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18

Goldman, Serge, Sophie Dethy, Françoise Lotstra, Françoise Biver, Etienne Stanus, David Wikler, J. Hildebrand, Julien Mendlewicz, and André Luxen. "Basal Ganglia and Frontal Lobe Glucose Metabolism." Journal of Neuroimaging 5, no. 4 (October 1995): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jon199554219.

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19

Early, Terrence S. "Assymetric metabolism over basal ganglia in catatonia." Biological Psychiatry 28, no. 2 (July 1990): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(90)90637-h.

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20

Garmendia, Fausto, Rosa Pando, Wuily Valqui, Carlos Jamieson, and Nathan Blusfstein. "Metabolismo intermediario basal y postprandial en diabetes mellitus tipo 2 a nivel del mar y altura." Diagnóstico 58, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33734/diagnostico.v58i1.28.

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Objetivo: Describir y comparar el metabolismo basal y postprandial de pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), tanto de nivel del mar (NM) como de altura (ALT). Metodología: Se ha estudiado a 33 normales y 33 con DM2 de NM (Lima, 150 msnm) y a 30 normales y 28 con DM2 de ALT (Cusco, 3395 msnm), de ambos géneros, de 40 a 70 años de edad. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas y en condiciones basales determinaciones de glucosa (G), colesterol total (CT), HDL, triglicéridos (Tg), ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE) e insulina (I). Se calculó el colesterol VLDL, LDL, NoHDL y el coeficiente HOMA. Luego de administrarles un desayuno mixto con 730 Kcal., se midió la G, Tg, I y AGNE durante 06 horas. Los cálculos estadísticos mediante el programa SPSS v. 23. Resultados: Los diabéticos de NM tuvieron el IMC, CA, G, Tg y HOMA más altos que sus controles. Los diabéticos de altura tuvieron cifras más altas de peso, IMC, CA, G, Tg, VLDLy HOMAque sus controles. Durante el período postprandial los diabéticos de NM tuvieron concentraciones más altas de G, Tg y AGNE que sus controles; los diabéticos de altura tuvieron G y Tg más altos que sus controles. Los diabéticos de altura tuvieron concentraciones más altas de Tg y AGNE que los diabéticos de NM. Conclusiones: La DM2 altera el metabolismo intermediario tanto basal como postprandial, tanto a nivel del mar como altura. En la altura el trastorno de Tg y AGNE es mayor.

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21

Garmendia, Fausto, Rosa Pando, Yanet Mendoza, and William Torres. "Metabolismo intermediario basal y posprandial en mujeres posmenopáusicas normales de altura." Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia 65, no. 2 (May 9, 2019): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31403/rpgo.v65i2164.

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Objetivos. Estudiar el metabolismo intermediario basal y posprandial en mujeres posmenopáusicas normales de altura, adaptadas a un ambiente de menor presión barométrica, menor presión parcial de oxígeno e hipoxia. Métodos. Estudio experimental con grupo control, que incluyó a 20 mujeres normales de altura-MNA- (Cusco, 3 395 metros sobre el nivel del mar-m.s.n.m.) y a 16 de nivel del mar-MNM- (Lima, 150 m.s.n.m.), de 40 a 70 años de edad, posmenopáusicas. En ayunas se midió glucosa (G), colesterol total (CT), HDL, triglicéridos (Tg), insulina (I), ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE) por métodos convencionales, y el VLDL, LDL, no-HDL y HOMA. Después de ingerir un desayuno mixto conteniendo 730 kcal, se midió G, CT, Tg, I y AGNE, durante 6 horas. Resultados. En ayunas, las MNA presentaron glucosa (G) significativamente más baja y los AGNE más altos que las MNM; el CT, HDL, Tg, colesterol VLDL, LDL, no-HDL e insulina fueron similares en ambos grupos. Durante el período posprandial, la G fue más baja, los Tg y AGNE fueron significativamente mayores en las MNA y la insulina fue similar. Conclusiones. El metabolismo intermediario de las MNA es diferente a las MNM y al descrito en varones de altura, tanto en condiciones basales como posprandiales.

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22

Garmendia, Fausto, Rosa Pando-Alvarez, Yanet Mendoza -Muñoz, and William Torres -Damas. "Metabolismo intermediario basal y postpran dialen obesos de alturay nivel del mar." Diagnóstico 58, no. 2 (August 24, 2019): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33734/diagnostico.v58i2.205.

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Objetivos: Estudiar el metabolismo intermediario basal y postprandial en obesos de altura (OA), y compararlo con personas con peso normal de altura (NA) y con obesos de nivel del mar (ONM) Material y métodos: Se incluyó a 30 NA-, 39 obesos de altura OA (Cusco, 3,395 msnm.) y a 35 obesos de nivel del mar ONM (Lima, 150 msnm), de ambos géneros, de 40 a 70 años de edad. En ayunas se midió glucosa (G), triglicéridos (Tg), colesterol total (CT), HDL, insulina (I), ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE), el colesterol VLDL, LDL, NoHDL y coeficiente HOMA fueron calculados y luego durante 6 horas después de un desayuno mixto estándar se determinó G, I, Tg y AGNE. Resultados: En condiciones basales los OA presentaron HDL más bajo y Tg y AGNE más altos que los NA y AGNE más altos que los ONM. Durante el período postprandial, los OA tuvieron valores más altos de I, Tg y NEFA que los NA y concentraciones más altas de Tg y AGNE que los ONM con mínimas diferencias en la G e I. Conclusiones: Los obesos de altura presentan resistencia a la insulina en comparación a los normales de altura y valores más altos de triglicéridos y ´NEFA que los obesos de nivel del mar.

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23

Penfornis, A., M. Behar, M. Kabir-Ahmadi, R. Garay, and S. Picard. "P1128 Intensification de l’insulinothérapie après échappement au traitement par insuline basale et traitement oral : raisons du choix entre schéma basal-bolus, basal-plus et insuline Premix en pratique courante." Diabetes & Metabolism 39 (March 2013): A61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(13)71874-3.

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24

Li, J. L., Y. Q. Xu, B. L. Shi, D. S. Sun, S. M. Yan, and X. Y. Guo. "Dietary chitosan affects metabolism of arachidonic acid in weaned piglets." Czech Journal of Animal Science 62, No. 2 (February 6, 2017): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/39/2016-cjas.

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The effects of chitosan on immune function via arachidonic acid (AA) pathway in weaned piglets were investigated. A total of 180 piglets (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg chitosan/kg feed, respectively. Results showed that serum AA, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) contents in piglets were increased in a linear or quadratic dose-dependent manner with increasing chitosan on day 28 (P < 0.05). Chitosan increased serum cytosolic-phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activity in a linear or quadratic dose-dependent manner on day 14 or 28, and improved 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity in a linear manner and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity quadratically on day 28 (P < 0.05). Moreover, chitosan elevated gene expression of cPLA2 mRNA quadratically in the small intestine on days 14 and 28, increased the COX-2 mRNA expression in the duodenum or jejunum in a linear or quadratic manner on day 28, and improved the 5-LOX mRNA expression quadratically in the small intestine (P < 0.05). These results implied that the metabolism of AA was regulated by chitosan in a dose-dependent relationship, which may be one reason why chitosan affected immune function via AA pathway in weaned piglets.

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25

WISING., PER J. "The Basal Metabolism of Healthy Subjects in Sweden." Acta Medica Scandinavica 81, no. 5-6 (April 24, 2009): 487–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1934.tb19680.x.

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26

FRANKENFIELD, DAVID C., ERIC R. MUTH, and WILLIAM A. ROWE. "The Harris-Benedict Studies of Human Basal Metabolism." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 98, no. 4 (April 1998): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(98)00100-x.

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27

Boratyński, Zbyszek, Esa Koskela, Tapio Mappes, and Eero Schroderus. "Quantitative genetics and fitness effects of basal metabolism." Evolutionary Ecology 27, no. 2 (June 22, 2012): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-012-9590-2.

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28

Heusner, A. A. "Body Mass, Maintenance and Basal Metabolism in Dogs." Journal of Nutrition 121, suppl_11 (November 1, 1991): S8—S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/121.suppl_11.s8.

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29

Henry, CJK. "Mechanisms of changes in basal metabolism during ageing." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, S3 (June 2000): S77—S91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601029.

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30

Raccah, D. "Intensification de l’insulinothérapie quand l’insuline basale ne suffit plus dans le diabète de type 2 : la stratégie Basal Plus." Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques 2 (December 2008): S158—S163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1957-2557(08)70617-5.

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31

Garmendia-Lorena, Fausto, Rosa Pando-Alvarez, Yanet Mendoza -Muñoz, and William Torres -Damas. "Metabolismo intermediario basal y postprandial en obesos de altura y de nivel del mar." Diagnóstico 58, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33734/diagnostico.v58i2.4.

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Objetivos: Estudiar el metabolismo intermediario basal y postprandial en obesos de altura (OA), y compararlo con personas con peso normal de altura (NA) y con obesos de nivel del mar (ONM) Material y métodos: Se incluyó a 30 NA-, 39 obesos de altura OA (Cusco, 3,395 msnm.) y a 35 obesos de nivel del mar ONM (Lima, 150 msnm), de ambos géneros, de 40 a 70años de edad. En ayunas se midió glucosa (G), triglicéridos (Tg), colesterol total (CT), HDL, insulina (I), ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE), el colesterol VLDL, LDL, NoHDL y coeficiente HOMA fueron calculados y luego durante 6 horas después de un desayuno mixto estándar se determinó G, I, Tg y AGNE. Resultados: En condiciones basales los OA presentaron HDL más bajo y Tg y AGNE más altos que los NA y AGNE más altos que los ONM. Durante el período postprandial, los OA tuvieron valores más altos de I, Tg y NEFA que los NA y concentraciones más altas de Tg y AGNE que los ONM con mínimas diferencias en la G e I. Conclusiones: Los obesos de altura presentan resistencia a la insulina en comparación a los normales de altura y valores más altos de triglicéridos y ´NEFA que los obesos de nivel del mar.

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32

Zhao, Yasong, Xiaohui Li, Guili Song, Qing Li, Huawei Yan, and Zongbin Cui. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Novel Molecular Events for the Differentiation and Maturation of Hepatocytes during the Liver Development of Zebrafish." Biomedicines 10, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092264.

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The liver plays an essential role in multiple biological functions including metabolism, detoxification, digestion, coagulation, and homeostasis in vertebrates. The specification and differentiation of embryonic hepatoblasts, the proliferation of hepatocytes, and the hepatic tissue architecture are well documented, but molecular events governing the maturation of hepatocytes during liver development remain largely unclear. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of hepatocytes that were sorted by flow cytometry from developing zebrafish embryos at 60, 72, and 96 hpf. We identified 667 up-regulated and 3640 down-regulated genes in hepatocytes between 60 and 72 hpf, 606 up-regulated and 3924 down-regulated genes between 60 and 96 hpf, and 1693 up-regulated genes and 1508 down-regulated genes between 72 and 96 hpf. GO enrichment analysis revealed that key biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in hepatocytes between 60 to 72 hpf, such as cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA repair, RNA processing, and transcription regulation, are mainly associated with the proliferation of hepatocytes. In addition to biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions for cell proliferation, molecular functions for carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in hepatocytes during 72 to 96 hpf. KEGG enrichment analysis identified key signaling pathways, such as cell cycle, RNA degradation, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ErbB and Hedgehog signaling, basal transcription factors, Wnt signaling, and glycan degradation, which are closely associated with cell proliferation or carbohydrate metabolism in hepatocytes between 60 to 72 hpf. Newly enriched signaling pathways in hepatocytes during 72 to 96 hpf include metabolisms of pyrimidine, purine, nicotinate and nicotinamide, caffeine, glycine, serine and threonine, ABC transporters, and p53 signaling that function in metabolisms of lipid, protein and energy, cellular secretion, or detoxification, indicating the functional maturation of hepatocytes between 72 to 96 hpf. These findings provide novel clues for further understanding the functional differentiation and maturation of hepatocytes during liver development.

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33

Liebl, Andreas. "Praktische Umsetzung einer Insulintherapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes." Diabetes aktuell 19, no. 05 (September 2021): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1576-9316.

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn Deutschland sind eine Vielzahl basaler und prandialer Insuline auf dem Markt, die sich erheblich in ihrer Pharmakokinetik und in ihrem Einsatzbereich unterscheiden. Der Start einer Insulintherapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes erfolgt im Allgemeinen in Form einer basalunterstützten oralen Therapie (BOT). Moderne, lang und gleichmäßig wirksame Insulinanaloga verringern das Hypoglykämierisiko und erlauben eine freie Wahl des Injektionszeitpunkts. Absolut entscheidend für das Gelingen ist die konsequente Titration der Dosis. Eine basale Überinsulinisierung ist dabei unbedingt zu vermeiden. In einem späteren Schritt kann die schrittweise Zugabe von prandialem Insulin erfolgen. Das Zählen von Broteinheiten (BEs) zur Insulindosisanpassung ist bei Typ-2-Diabetes fast nie sinnvoll. Die häufigsten Probleme bei der Insulintherapie sind Hypoglykämien, Gewichtszunahme, initiale Sehstörungen sowie schwer beherrschbare Insulinresistenzen. Für all diese Probleme gibt es erprobte Strategien und zahlreiche Tipps und Tricks, die im Einzelfall zu erstaunlichen Erfolgen führen können.

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34

Garmendia, Fausto, Rosa Pando, William Torres, Wuili Valqui, Carlos Jamieson, and Nathan Blufstein. "Metabolismo posprandial en adultos mayores normales de nivel del mar." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 64, no. 2 (March 11, 2013): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v64i2.1441.

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Objetivo: Determinar las modificaciones normales del metabolismo después de la ingestión de alimentos. Material y métodos: Se ha estudiado a 33 personas de ambos géneros, adultos mayores, de nivel del mar, tanto en ayunas como después de la ingesta de una mezcla alimenticia consistente en 730 kcal, con 55,4% de grasas, 37,2% de hidratos de carbono y 7,4% de proteínas. Se ha medido el perfil metabólico en ayunas y luego de la ingesta alimentaria, la glucosa, triglicérido (Tg), ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE), insulina por métodos convencionales hasta la 6a hora; se ha calculado las concentraciones de colesterol LDL y VLDL utilizando la fórmula de Friedewald; el colesterol no-HDL, mediante la sustracción del valor del colesterol HDL al valor de colesterol total (CT). Resultados: La glicemia se elevó discretamente, regresando a valores basales a la 2a hora; la insulinemia se incrementó durante 4 horas; los triglicéridos comenzaron a elevarse en sangre a partir de la 2a hora y llegaron al máximo a la 4a hora, para luego iniciar el descenso no completo en la 6a hora. Los AGNE disminuyeron a partir de los 30 minutos, llegando al máximo de caída a las 2 horas; luego se apreció un rebote máximo a la 6a hora, inclusive mayor al valor basal. Conclusiones: Estos resultados demuestran que no es suficiente obtener información del metabolismo intermediario en ayunas, sino que el estudio posprandial permite mayor información. Es la primera vez en nuestro país que se obtiene información sobre el metabolismo intermediario en fase posprandial en una muestra de la población normal que se encuentra en una edad de mayor riesgo cardiovascular.

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35

Simões, Daniel, Patrícia Riva, Rodrigo Antonio Peliciari-Garcia, Vinicius Fernandes Cruzat, Maria Fernanda Graciano, Ana Claudia Munhoz, Marco Taneda, José Cipolla-Neto, and Angelo Rafael Carpinelli. "Melatonin modifies basal and stimulated insulin secretion via NADPH oxidase." Journal of Endocrinology 231, no. 3 (December 2016): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-16-0259.

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Melatonin is a hormone synthesized in the pineal gland, which modulates several functions within the organism, including the synchronization of glucose metabolism and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Melatonin can mediate different signaling pathways in pancreatic islets through two membrane receptors and via antioxidant or pro-oxidant enzymes modulation. NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a pro-oxidant enzyme responsible for the production of the reactive oxygen specie (ROS) superoxide, generated from molecular oxygen. In pancreatic islets, NOX-derived ROS can modulate glucose metabolism and regulate insulin secretion. Considering the roles of both melatonin and NOX in islets, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of NOX and ROS production on glucose metabolism, basal and GSIS in pinealectomized rats (PINX) and in melatonin-treated isolated pancreatic islets. Our results showed that ROS content derived from NOX activity was increased in PINX at baseline (2.8 mM glucose), which was followed by a reduction in glucose metabolism and basal insulin secretion in this group. Under 16.7 mM glucose, an increase in both glucose metabolism and GSIS was observed in PINX islets, without changes in ROS content. In isolated pancreatic islets from control animals incubated with 2.8 mM glucose, melatonin treatment reduced ROS content, whereas in 16.7 mM glucose, melatonin reduced ROS and GSIS. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that both basal and stimulated insulin secretion can be regulated by melatonin through the maintenance of ROS homeostasis in pancreatic islets.

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36

HATAKEYAMA, Toyomasa, Norihiko HIROSHIMA, Hiroshi YAGI, and Hideo MATUDA. "Computer Simulations for Misregulation in the Basal Metabolism System." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 27, no. 10 (1991): 1175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.27.1175.

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37

VERMUND, HALVOR. "The Relation of Hypophysis to Carbohydrate and Basal Metabolism." Acta Medica Scandinavica 131, no. 6 (April 24, 2009): 515–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1948.tb03431.x.

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38

Bech, Claus, Ingveig Langseth, and Geir W. Gabrielsen. "Repeatability of basal metabolism in breeding female kittiwakes Rissatridactyla." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 266, no. 1434 (November 7, 1999): 2161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1999.0903.

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39

Podrabsky, J. E. "REPROGRAMMING BASAL METABOLISM PROTECTS CELLS FROM HYPOXIA AND ISCHEMIA." Journal of Experimental Biology 211, no. 13 (July 1, 2008): vii—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.010975.

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40

KENWRIGHT, D., and D. LOISELLE. "Oxygen supply limits basal metabolism in saline-perfused hearts." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 18 (1986): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(86)80788-x.

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41

Soares, V. C. G., E. A. Varanda, and M. S. G. Raddi. "In vitro basal and metabolism-mediated cytotoxicity of flavonoids." Food and Chemical Toxicology 44, no. 6 (June 2006): 835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2005.11.006.

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42

Genoud, Michel. "Comparative studies of basal rate of metabolism in primates." Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 11, S1 (January 7, 2003): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.10070.

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43

Raichlen, David A., Adam D. Gordon, Magdalena N. Muchlinski, and J. Josh Snodgrass. "Causes and significance of variation in mammalian basal metabolism." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 180, no. 2 (September 3, 2009): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-009-0399-4.

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44

Peck, Lloyd S. "Temperature and basal metabolism in two Antarctic marine herbivores." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 127, no. 1 (April 1989): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(89)90205-0.

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45

Huang, Yuanhao, Yingjie Peng, Zheng Yang, Siyu Chen, Jing Liu, Zheng Wang, Gang Wang, and Shile Lan. "Effects of Fermented Bamboo Shoot Processing Waste on Growth Performance, Serum Parameters, and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets." Animals 12, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 2728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12202728.

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Gut microbiota (GM) plays a vital role in the nutrition and metabolism of weaned piglets. Some feed additives can be used to adjust the composition of GM to improve the health of weaned piglets. In this study, we investigated the effects of adding fermented bamboo shoot processing waste (FBSPW) to diet on growth performance, serum parameters, and GM of weaned piglets. Seventy-two piglets were divided into four groups and were fed diets containing 0% (control), 4% (group A), 8% (group B), and 12% (group C) FBSPW for 50 days. We found that the addition of FBSPW significantly decreased the average daily feed intake, serum triglyceride content, and urea nitrogen of weaned piglets compared to the control. The cecum and cecal microbiota of weaned piglets fed the basal diet with 12% FBSPW were significantly different compared to the control. A basal diet with 12% FBSPW significantly reduced the taxon feature number, and the relative abundance of Tenericutes in the cecum and cecal microbiota of weaned piglets compared with the control. The addition of 12% FBSPW to weaned piglet feed could improve their nitrogen and lipid metabolisms and have beneficial effects on GM.

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46

Gibbs, C. L., and G. Kotsanas. "Factors regulating basal metabolism of the isolated perfused rabbit heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 250, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): H998—H1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1986.250.6.h998.

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Basal metabolism has been measured in isolated whole hearts from rabbits and compared with myothermic and polarographic measurements on isolated papillary muscles. Hearts were perfused at constant pressure (Langendorff method) using a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution (KH) with glucose as substrate. Higher levels of basal O2 consumption (MVO2) and coronary flow (CF) were observed when arrest was induced by calcium depletion (low Ca; 0.1 mM CaCl2, 10.0 mM KCl) rather than by potassium excess (high K; 30.0 mM KCl). The metabolic rate of high K arrested hearts was close to earlier myothermic estimates (J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 16: 953-962, 1984); polarographic values, however, were about twofold higher, and somewhat higher than the value obtained in low Ca arrested hearts. The addition of erythrocytes, albumin, or dextran significantly reduced CF but did not substantially alter basal MVO2. Basal metabolic rate was substrate- and O2 tension-dependent, and under all experimental conditions there was linear relationship between MVO2 and CF. Extrapolations to zero flow showed that the basal MVO2 values so obtained were similar in low Ca or high K and were not altered by the presence of erythrocytes. Our results show that there are several factors regulating basal metabolism.

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47

Williamson, Mark, Joseph B. Williams, and Erica Nol. "Laboratory Metabolism of Incubating Semipalmated Plovers." Condor 108, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 966–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.4.966.

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Abstract Abstract The Semipalmated Plover (Charadriussemipalmatus), anarctic-nesting migratory shorebird, regularlyencounters low temperatures during the breedingseason. We measured the basal metabolism of adultsduring incubation at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada todetermine basal metabolic rate (BMR),lower critical temperature(Tlc), total evaporative waterloss (TEWL), and dry thermal conductance(Cm). BMR and Tlcwere 47.4 kJ day−1and 23.3°C, respectively, TEWL was2.5 mL H2O−d,and Cm was1.13 mW g−1 °C−1.Measured BMR and Tlc were consistentwith high values found for other shorebird speciesbreeding in the Arctic, while Cm was18% higher than predicted from allometricequations. These metabolic data suggest thatSemipalmated Plovers are adapted to balance therequirements of incubation against energetic andthermoregulatory demands in the Arctic, especiallyin harsh early breeding season conditions.

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48

Dai, Minli, Jin Yang, Xinyi Liu, Haoyi Gu, Fanchi Li, Bing Li, and Jing Wei. "Parasitism by the Tachinid Parasitoid Exorista japonica Leads to Suppression of Basal Metabolism and Activation of Immune Response in the Host Bombyx mori." Insects 13, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090792.

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The dipteran tachinid parasitoids are important biocontrol agents, and they must survive the harsh environment and rely on the resources of the host insect to complete their larval stage. We have previously demonstrated that the parasitism by the tachinid parasitoid Exorista japonica, a pest of the silkworm, causes pupation defects in Bombyx mori. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis of the fat body of B. mori parasitized by E. japonica. We identified 1361 differentially expressed genes, with 394 genes up-regulated and 967 genes down-regulated. The up-regulated genes were mainly associated with immune response, endocrine system and signal transduction, whereas the genes related to basal metabolism, including energy metabolism, transport and catabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were down-regulated, indicating that the host appeared to be in poor nutritional status but active in immune response. Moreover, by time-course gene expression analysis we found that genes related to amino acid synthesis, protein degradation and lipid metabolism in B. mori at later parasitization stages were inhibited. Antimicrobial peptides including Cecropin A, Gloverin and Moricin, and an immulectin, CTL11, were induced. These results indicate that the tachinid parasitoid perturbs the basal metabolism and induces the energetically costly immunity of the host, and thus leading to incomplete larval–pupal ecdysis of the host. This study provided insights into how tachinid parasitoids modify host basal metabolism and immune response for the benefit of developing parasitoid larvae.

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49

Moore, S. A., A. A. Spector, and M. N. Hart. "Eicosanoid metabolism in cerebromicrovascular endothelium." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 254, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): C37—C44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1988.254.1.c37.

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Cultured murine cerebral microvessel endothelia produce predominantly prostacyclin and prostaglandin (PG) E2 when exposed to trace amounts of arachidonic acid. At higher concentrations of arachidonate or with ionophore A23187, they produce more PGE2 than prostacyclin and additionally make PGF2 alpha and small amounts of eicosanoids comigrating with hydroxylated derivatives of arachidonate. Endothelia grown on micropore filters release prostaglandins from both apical and basal surfaces; however, the ratio of basal to apical release is as high as 4:1. This polarity suggests that cerebral endothelial prostaglandins can interact with neighboring cells of the vessel wall and brain parenchyma, where they may play important roles in the control of cerebrovascular tone and neuroglial function. These eicosanoids also are produced by mouse brain microvessels, but the major microvessel product is 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. This suggests that 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid may be abundant in brain injuries after arachidonate release. Cultured cerebral endothelia rapidly convert 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic to more polar metabolites and thus may prevent the accumulation of this potentially deleterious hydroxyacid.

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50

Davis, T. A., S. Klahr, E. D. Tegtmeyer, D. F. Osborne, T. L. Howard, and I. E. Karl. "Glucose metabolism in epitrochlearis muscle of acutely exercised and trained rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 250, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): E137—E143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.2.e137.

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Effects of insulin on glycogen synthesis (GS), glycolytic utilization (GU), and glucose uptake (GT) were studied in isolated epitrochlearis muscles from exercise-trained or sedentary rats during recovery from acute exercise or at rest. During the 1st h after acute exercise, the enhanced basal and insulin-stimulated GT was directed mainly toward replenishment of glycogen but basal GU was also increased. During the second through third hours after exercise, basal GS decreased but remained greater than rest and basal GU and GT returned to normal. Insulin sensitivity of these parameters was enhanced. Training alone reduced basal GS but enhanced insulin sensitivity of GT and GU. Training reduced the acute exercise-stimulated increase in basal and insulin sensitivity of GS during recovery from acute exercise, probably due to elevated glycogen stores. Thus recovery from acute exercise or training, either alone or in combination, enhances insulin stimulated GT in muscle; however, the increased glucose is primarily channeled toward GS after acute exercise, which is reduced by prior training and is directed to GU in trained animals either at rest or after acute exercise.

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