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Behrooz, A. "Meta description of experimental identification of medical knowledge." Thesis, Brunel University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373085.
Повний текст джерела
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Dolson, C. Daniel. "Toward A Lean Ontology: Quine, (Meta) Ontology, and Descriptions." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1155833916.
Повний текст джерела
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Scheidgen, Markus. "Description of languages based on object-oriented meta-modelling." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15913.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In dieser Dissertation, schaue ich auf objekt-orientierte Metamodellierung und wie sie verwendet werden kann, um Computersprachen zu beschreiben. Dabei, fokussiere ich mich nicht nur auf die Beschreibung von Sprachen, sondern auch auf die Verwendung von Sprachbeschreibungen zur automatischen Erzeugung von Sprachwerkzeugen aus Sprachbeschreibungen. Ich nutze die Idee von Metasprachen und Metawerkzeugen. Metasprachen werden verwendet um bestimmte Sprachaspekte, wie Notationen und Semantiken, zu beschreiben, und Metawerkzeuge werden verwendet um Sprachwerkzeuge wie Editoren und Interpreter aus entsprechenden Beschreibungen zu erzeugen. Diese Kombination von Beschreibung und automatischer Entwicklung von Werkzeugen ist als Domänenspezifische Modellierung (DSM) bekannt. Ich verwende DSM basierend auf objekt-orientierter Metamodellierung zur Beschreibung der wichtigen Aspekte ausführbarer Computersprachen. Ich untersuche existierende Metasprachen und Metawerkzeuge für die Beschreibung von Sprachvorkommen, ihrer konkreten Repräsentation und Semantik. Weiter, entwickle ich eine neue Plattform zur Beschreibung von Sprachen basierend auf dem CMOF-Modell der OMG MOF 2.x Empfehlungen. Ich entwickle eine Metasprache und Metawerkzeug für textuelle Notationen. Schlussendlich, entwickle ich eine graphische Metasprache und Metawerkzeug zur Beschreibung von operationaler Semantik von Computersprachen. Um die Anwendbarkeit der vorgestellten Techniken zu prüfen, nehme ich SDL, die Specification and Description Language, als einen Archetypen für textuell notierte Sprachen mit ausführbaren Instanzen. Für diesen Archetyp zeige ich, dass die präsentierten Metasprachen und Metawerkzeuge es erlauben solche Computersprachen zu beschreiben und automatisch Werkzeuge für diese Sprachen zu erzeugen.In this thesis, I look into object-oriented meta-modelling and how it can be used to describe computer languages. Thereby, I do not only focus on describing languages, but also on utilising the language descriptions to automatically create language tools from language descriptions. I use the notion of meta-languages and meta-tools. Meta-languages are used to describe certain language aspects, such as notation or semantics, and meta-tools are used to create language tools, such as editors or interpreters, from corresponding descriptions. This combination of describing and automated development of tools is known as domain specific modelling (DSM). I use DSM based on object-oriented meta-modelling to describe all important aspects of executable computer languages. I look into existing meta-languages and meta-tools for describing language utterances, their concrete representation, and semantics. Furthermore, I develop a new platform to define languages based on the CMOF-model of the OMG MOF 2.x recommendations. I develop a meta-language and meta-tool for textual language notations. Finally, I develop a new graphical meta-language and meta-tool for describing the operational semantics of computer languages. To prove the applicability of the presented techniques, I take SDL, the Specification and Description Language, as an archetype for textually notated languages with executable instances. For this archetype, I show that the presented meta-languages and meta-tools allow to describe such computer languages and allow to automatically create tools for those languages.
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Cooke, Alan, and Christian Herbepin. "Introduction to XidML 3.0 An Open XML Standard for Flight Test Instrumentation Description." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605959.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaA few years ago XidML was introduced as an open XML standard for capturing the meta-data associated with flight test instrumentation (FTI). This meta-data schema was broken down into elements for Parameter (name, range, units, offset-binary), Instrument (name, serial number, misses-to loss), Package (bits per word, words per minor-frame, rate) and Link (name, type) and so on. XidML remains one of the only published schema for FTI meta-data and with XidML 3.0 many simplifications have been introduced along with support for nested tree structures and a single instrument schema allowing anyone to define the validation for instruments from any vendor. This paper introduces the XidML schema and describers the benefits of XidML 3.0 in particular. It begins by giving a brief description of what XidML is and describes its history and motivation. The paper then outlines the main differences between XidML-3.0 and earlier versions, and how the XidML schema has been further refined to meet the challenges faced by the FTI community. As an example of usage the FTIManager software developed at Eurocopter will be briefly presented in order to illustrate the XidML ability to describe a multi-vendor FTI configuration.
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Scheithauer, Gregor [Verfasser] [Akademischer Betreuer]. "A Service Description Method for Service Ecosystems - Meta Models, Modeling Notations, and Model Transformations / Gregor Scheithauer. Betreuer: Gregor Scheithauer." Bamberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Bamberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014896738/34.
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Salmi, Cheik. "Vers une description et une modélisation des entrées des modèles de coût mathématiques pour l'optimisation des entrepôts de données." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0006/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les entrepôts de données (ED) sont devenus une technologie mature. L'accentuation des demandes d'analyse est motivée par l'évolution technologique, Les nouveaux paradigmes de programmation et L'ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles (!DM). Avant d'utiliser ces progrès technologiques, l'entrepôt de données doit être construit et préparé pour sa bonne exploitation.La phase de construction a vu l'utilisation massive des efforts de description et de méta-modélisation afin de faciliter la définition des correspondances entre les schémas locaux des sources de données et le schéma de l'ED et de réduire l'hétérogénéité entre les sources. La phase d'exploitation et sa tâche physique, en particulier n'ont pas eu la même utilisation des solutions de description et de méta-modélisation, bien qu'elle est considérée comme un tunnel de toutes les phases de cycle de vie de conception d,un ED. Durant cette phase; des modèles de coût mathématiques sont utilisés pour quantifier la qualité des solutions proposées. Le développement de ces derniers nécessite des efforts de collection et d'analyse des paramètres pertinents.Pour bien simuler le fonctionnement d'un ED, toutes les dimensions d'un SGBD doivent être intégrées. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons de décrire en détail ces dimensions avec des mécanismes de méta-modélisation. Vu la similarité et la hiérarchisation gui existent entre les supports de stockage, nous avons développé une ontologie de domaine dédiée aux supports de stockage.Elle permet d'expliciter leurs propriétés. Les similarités entre ces supports nous a motivé à hybrider le cache mémoire avec les mémoires flashs pour augmenter sa capacité afin de stocker un nombre important de résultats intermédiaires partagés par plusieurs requêtes décisionnelles. La réutilisation de ces résultats permet d'augmenter la performance du SGBD. Nos contributions sont validées à l'aide des expérimentations en utilisant nos modèles de coût théoriques et le SGBD OracleData warehouses (DW) have become a mature technology. The emphasis of the analysis requests is driven by technological change, the new programmig paradigms and ModelDriven Engineering (MDI). Before using these technological advances, the DW must be buil tand prepared for its proper operation. The construction phase bas seen massive description efforts and meta modeling to facilitate the definition of correspondence between local data sources schemas and DW schema and to reduce heterogeneity between sources. Despite its importance in all stages of the design life cycle of an DW, the operational phase and in particular its physical task, did not have the same interest in term of description and meta modeling. During this phase, mathematical cost models are used to quantify the quality of the solutions proposed. The development of these models requires collection efforts and analysis of relevant parameters. To simulate the operation of a DW, all the dimensions of a DBMS must be integrated. In this thesis, we propose to describe in detail these dimensions with meta-modeling mechanisms. Given the singularity and hierarchy between storage media, we have developed an ontology dedicated to storage media, which makes explicit their properties. The similarities between these supports motivated us to develop a hybrid cache based on flash memory. This increases the cache ability to store a large number of intermediate results shared by multiple decision-support queries. The reuse of these results will increase the overall performance of fue DBMS. Our contributions are validated with experiments using our theoretical cost models and the Oracle DBMS
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Siddiq, Shabnaz. "Experiences of Parents of Children Diagnosed with Inherited Metabolic Diseases (IMD) in Canada: Qualitative Description and Identification of Patient- and Family-Centred Outcomes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34273.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: The objectives of this thesis were to: (i) understand the experiences of parents/caregivers of children with inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs), including perceptions of the health care system; and (ii) identify important patient/family-centred outcomes for measurement in future studies.
Methods: A qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to gain in-depth insight into caregivers’ experiences. In an adapted meta-synthesis study, the qualitative findings were integrated with the results of related research to identify priority outcomes.
Results: Twenty-one caregivers were interviewed. Participants described adjusting to the management of their child’s illness through specific coping strategies but reported stress related to social development. While generally satisfied with disease-specific care, participants described negative experiences with non IMD-specific health services. Health-related quality of life, parental coping, and specific experiences with health care emerged as high-priority outcomes.
Conclusions: This project contributes to the limited published literature on caregiver experiences with pediatric IMD and informs future patient-centred research.
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Singh, Shikhar. "An approach to automate the adaptor software generation for tool integration in Application/ Product Lifecycle Management tool chains." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193919.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An emerging problem in organisations is that there exist a large number of tools storing data that communicate with each other too often, throughout the process of an application or product development. However, no means of communication without the intervention of a central entity (usually a server) or storing the schema at a central repository exist. Accessing data among tools and linking them is tough and resource intensive. As part of the thesis, we develop a software (also referred to as ‘adaptor’ in the thesis), which, when implemented in the lifecycle management systems, integrates data seamlessly. This will eliminate the need of storing database schemas at a central repository and make the process of accessing data within tools less resource intensive. The adaptor acts as a wrapper to the tools and allows them to directly communicate with each other and exchange data. When using the developed adaptor for communicating data between various tools, the data in relational databases is first converted into RDF format and is then sent or received. Hence, RDF forms the crucial underlying concept on which the software will be based. The Resource description framework (RDF) provides the functionality of data integration irrespective of underlying schemas by treating data as resource and representing it as URIs. The model of RDF is a data model that is used for exchange and communication of data on the Internet and can be used in solving other real world problems like tool integration and automation of communication in relational databases. However, developing this adaptor for every tool requires understanding the individual schemas and structure of each of the tools’ database. This again requires a lot of effort for the developer of the adaptor. So, the main aim of the thesis will be to automate the development of such adaptors. With this automation, the need for anyone to manually assess the database and then develop the adaptor specific to the database is eliminated. Such adaptors and concepts can be used to implement similar solutions in other organisations faced with similar problems. In the end, the output of the thesis is an approachwhich automates the process of generating these adaptors.Resource Description Framework (RDF) ger funktionaliteten av dataintegration, oberoende av underliggande scheman genom att behandla uppgifter som resurs och representerar det som URI. Modellen för Resource Description Framework är en datamodell som används för utbyte och kommunikation av uppgifter om Internet och kan användas för att lösa andra verkliga problem som integrationsverktyg och automatisering av kommunikation i relationsdatabaser. Ett växande problem i organisationer är att det finns ett stort antal verktyg som lagrar data och som kommunicerar med varandra alltför ofta, under hela processen för ett program eller produktutveckling. Men inga kommunikationsmedel utan ingripande av en central enhet (oftast en server) finns. Åtkomst av data mellan verktyg och länkningar mellan dem är resurskrävande. Som en del av avhandlingen utvecklar vi en programvara (även hänvisad till som "adapter" i avhandlingen), som integrerar data utan större problem. Detta kommer att eliminera behovet av att lagra databasscheman på en central lagringsplats och göra processen för att hämta data inom verktyg mindre resurskrävande. Detta kommer att ske efter beslut om en särskild strategi för att uppnå kommunikation mellan olika verktyg som kan vara en sammanslagning av många relevanta begrepp, genom studier av nya och kommande metoder som kan hjälpa i nämnda scenarier. Med den utvecklade programvaran konverteras först datat i relationsdatabaserna till RDF form och skickas och tas sedan emot i RDF format. Således utgör RDF det viktiga underliggande konceptet för programvaran. Det främsta målet med avhandlingen är att automatisera utvecklingen av ett sådant verktyg (adapter). Med denna automatisering elimineras behovet att av någon manuellt behöver utvärdera databasen och sedan utveckla adaptern enligt databasen. Ett sådant verktyg kan användas för att implementera liknande lösningar i andra organisationer som har liknande problem. Således är resultatet av avhandlingen en algoritm eller ett tillvägagångssätt för att automatisera processen av att skapa adaptern.
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Форсюк, Надія Анатоліївна. "Онтологічний підхід до проектування реєстру інформаційних ресурсів". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/28582.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Метою роботи є вивчення можливих підходів до побудови та роботи реєстру інформаційних ресурсів, використовуючи онтологічний підхід та розробка реляційної бази даних реєстру інформаційних ресурсів та системи, яка дозволить будувати структуру онтології інформаційного ресурсу по заданому метаопису реляційного типу. Було проаналізовано та виконано огляд існуючих програмних застосунків для конвертації даних між даними типу OWL та SQL, виявлено їх переваги та недоліки.
Розроблено програмний продукт, що дозволяє переглядати ієрархічну структуру та відношення у складі онтології та відображати онтологію з реляційної моделі до OWL-файлу.
Загальний обсяг роботи: 52 сторінок, 26 ілюстрацій, 14 бібліографічних посилань та 3 додатки.The aim of the work is the examination of possible approaches to the construction and work of the register of information resources using an ontological approach and creation of relational database of the register of information resources and system for building the ontology′s structure based on meta description. The existing programs for conversion the data from OWL format to SQL format and vice versa were analyzed as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The application for viewing the hierarchical structure and relations within the ontology and representation of the ontology from relational model to the OWL-file was developed. Total volume of the paper: 52 pages, 26 illustrations, 14 bibliography links and 3 appendixes.
Целью дипломной работы стало изучение возможных подходов к построению и работе реестра информационных ресурсов, используя онтологический подход и разработка реляционной базы данных реестра информационных ресурсов; системы, которая позволит строить структуру онтологии информационного ресурса по заданному метаописания реляционного типа. Были проанализированы и выполнен обзор существующих программных приложений для конвертации данных между данными типа OWL и SQL, выявлены их преимущества и недостатки. Разработан программный продукт, позволяющий просматривать иерархическую структуру и отношение в составе онтологии и отображать онтологию с реляционной модели в OWL файл.
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Saeedi, Kawther Abdulelah. "QRMF : a multi-perspective framework for quality requirements modelling." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/qrmf-a-multiperspective-framework-for-quality-requirements-modelling(7e02e8f6-7abb-4179-84f0-8ea1581fadb2).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, a considerable amount of research has been conducted in modelling non-functional requirements (NFR) or Quality Requirements (QR). However, in comparison with functional requirements (FR) modelling, QR models are still immature and have not been widely adopted. The fundamental reason for this shortfall outlined in this thesis is that the existing QR modelling approaches have not adequately considered the challenging nature of QRs. In this thesis, this limitation is addressed through integrating QR modelling with FR modelling in a multi-perspective modelling framework. This framework, thus called QRMF (Quality Requirements Modelling Framework), is developed offering a process-oriented approach to modelling QR from different views and at different phases of requirement. These models are brought together in a descriptive representation schema, which represents a logical structure to guide the construction of requirement models comprehensively and with consistency. The research presented in the thesis introduces a generic meta-meta model for QRMF to aid understanding the abstract concepts and further guide the modelling process; it offers a reference blueprint to develop a modelling tool applicable to the framework. QRMF is supported by a modelling process, which guides requirement engineers to capture a set of complete, traceable and comprehensible QR models for software system. The thesis presents a case study, which evaluates the practicality and applicability of the QRMF. Finally, the framework is evaluated theoretically, through comparing and contrasting related approaches found in the literature.
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Tada, Yuri. "Descriptive meta-model of decision making /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488202678775585.
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Valenza, Joyce Kasman Simpson Carol. "Discovering a descriptive taxonomy of attributes of exemplary school library websites." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3911.
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Harris, Curtis Joe Harris Curtis Joe. "Developing a function-based treatment for problem behavior using a structured descriptive assessment." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3965.
Повний текст джерела
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Ring, Nicola A. "A critical analysis of evidence-based practice in healthcare : the case of asthma action plans." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/13061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Evidence-based practice is an integral part of multi-disciplinary healthcare, but its routine clinical implementation remains a challenge internationally. Written asthma action plans are an example of sub-optimal evidence-based practice because, despite being recommended, these plans are under-issued by health professionals and under-used by patients/carers. This thesis is a critical analysis of the generation and implementation of evidence in this area and provides fresh insight into this specific theory/practice gap. This submission brings together, in five published papers, a body of work conducted by the candidate. Findings report that known barriers to action plan use (such as a lack of practitioner time) are symptomatic of deeper and more complex underlying factors. In particular, over-reliance on knowledge derived from randomised controlled trials and their systematic review, as the primary and sole source of evidence for healthcare practice, hindered the implementation of these plans. A lack of evidence reflecting the personal experience of using these plans in the real world, rather than in trial settings, contributed to a mismatch between what patients/carers want from asthma action plans and what they are currently being provided with by professionals. This submission illustrates the benefits of utilising a broader range of knowledge as a basis for clinical practice. The presented papers report how new and innovative research methodologies (including meta-ethnography and cross-study synthesis) can be used to synthesise individual studies reporting the personal experiences of patients and professionals and how such findings can then be used to better understand why interventions can be implemented in trial settings rather than everyday practice. Whilst these emerging approaches have great potential to contribute to evidence-based practice by, for example, strengthening the ‘weight’ of experiential knowledge, there are methodological challenges which, whilst acknowledged, have yet to be fully addressed.
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Guihal, David. "Modélisation en langage VHDL-AMS des systèmes pluridisciplinaires." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00157570.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail de thèse porte sur la problématique d'élaboration de modèles de systèmes hétérogènes. Il a associé le laboratoire de recherche LAAS-CNRS et la société MENTOR GRAPHICS. Il prend place au sein d'un processus de conception qui se fonde sur les recommandations de l'EIA-632 et sur une ingénierie guidée par les modèles. L'objectif de notre travail est de montrer en quoi le langage VHDL-AMS est adapté à la problématique de modélisation et de simulation de la solution physique au sens des recommandations de l'EIA-632. Dans un premier temps, ce manuscrit présente un état de l'art sur les besoins en modélisation pour la conception système, et dresse un bilan sur les différents langages de modélisation susceptibles d'y répondre. Afin de proposer la norme VHDL-AMS (IEEE 1076.1-1999) comme solution, notre travail s'est attaché à présenter et proposer une méthode à mettre en oeuvre pour converger vers cette norme. Notre démarche s'appuie sur l'ingénierie guidée par les modèles avec une place prépondérante jouée par les transformations de modèle. Nous avons développé ce concept de transformation en vue d'une convergence vers le VHDL-AMS : nous développons la notion de meta modèle avec, entre autre, la création d'un meta modèle du langage VHDL-AMS. Celui-ci va permettre une vérification de la conformité des modèles créés, mais aussi l'écriture de règles de transformations au niveau meta modèle. L'intérêt des industriels possédant un existant de modèles écrits dans un langage de description de matériel propriétaire autre (par exemple le langage MAST) en vue d'une migration vers la norme VHDL-AMS, nous a permis d'éprouver cette méthodologie dans de nombreux cas concrets. Nous avons aussi comparé cette approche à une méthodologie que nous avions précédemment définie, nécessitant une expertise dans les deux langages source et cible. Cela nous a permis de conclure positivement sur la faisabilité d'une telle transformation avec une semi-automatisation et une expertise encore n écessaire à certaines étapes. A titre de démonstration, nous avons développé de nombreux modèles mixtes confirmant les aptitudes du VHDL-AMS à pouvoir être le support principal du prototypage virtuel, ainsi que la validité de notre méthode de transformation. Nous avons notamment réalisé la modélisation VHDL-AMS d'un système très hétérogène de mise à feu d'une charge pyrotechnique, qui valide notre méthodologie. La validation des modèles en conformité avec les spécifications est une des perspectives identifiées de nos travaux, à approfondir.
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Buckallew, Robin Randolph Dickson Kenneth L. "Comparison of bare root vs. potted plants, species selection, and caging types for restoration of a prairie wetland, and quantitative analysis and descriptive survey of plant communities and associations at Lewisville Lake Environmental Learning Area (LLELA), Lewisville, TX." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3700.
Повний текст джерела
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Etter, Thomas. "Material-physical description of interpenetrating graphite/aluminium composites produced by liquid metal infiltration /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16096.
Повний текст джерела
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Anderson, Nicola. "Evolution model : an anisotropic hardening model for the description of orthotropic sheet metal materials." Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625502.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The accuracy of material models is of significant importance as the use of such modelling techniques are fast becoming a cornerstone in the design process. This is particularly true for sheet metal forming operations where the traditional methods of assessing formability for new designs by the use of prototypes adds substantial cost and lead time to the end product. The competitive advantage to be gained by accurate FE modelling of forming operations is then clear. For sheet metals, modelling of the anisotropic hardening behaviour is a particular challenge inhibiting accurate simulation. Many models have been proposed that attempt to capture the hardening behaviour of orthotropic sheet metal materials, however the often cumbersome mathematical representations make such approaches unsuitable for implementation in FE packages tailored to sheet metal forming simulation. As a result commercially available packages generally implement simpler, generic models such as isotropic and kinematic hardening. An alternative approach to modelling the hardening observed for sheet metal material is presented. Experimental data from four different test methods (Uniaxial tension, hydraulic bulge, uniaxial compression and plane strain compression) conducted on both as-received aluminium alloy 7075-0 and sheet prestrained in uniaxial tension to four level of prestrain (1%, 2%, 5% and 10%) is presented. The data indicated a specific material respouse. The uear-isotropic iuitial sheet material developed orthotropic characteristics due to the prestrain. This resulted in the yield surface evolving at different rates along each of the orthogonal axes. From consideration of the mechanics of the material behaviour a concise method for determining large strains at any angle from the orthogonal axis is first presented. An approach to modeling the hardening behaviour is then developed. The proposed approach is based on the strain relations from the orthogonal frame and the use of readily available test data for the calibration of anisotropic constants in the yield criterion for a given plastic strain. The approach is firs implemented using an equivalent hardening curve and is then further developed to include unique hardening curves for the calibrated orientations. The efficacy of the proposed theory is illustrated through comparison of the model with results of the experimental programme.
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Nilsson, Marita. "Proveniensprincipen : Vara eller icke vara - det är frågan i en digitaliseradinformationsförvaltning." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34413.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Detta forskningsarbete lyfter den problematik somdebatterats kring proveniensprincipen och den ombildningdenna princip har mött sedan digitaliserings ankomst.Studiens avsikt var att påvisa vilken innebörd principen haridag i en modern informationsförvaltning och deninformationshantering som sker där. Syftet var även attundersöka hur informationsförvaltningen arbetar proaktivtmed att garantera proveniens i all sin informationshantering,samt belysa hur proveniens förstås i förhållande till valet avmetod kring informationshanteringen.Undersökningen var kvalitativ och utfördes på tiokommunarkiv i form av att varje kommuns kommunarkivariedjupintervjuades. I undersökningen har även planer kringinformationshantering en studerats. Studien konstaterar vilkaförenklingar som digitaliseringen inneburit kring att säkerställa proveniens, där automatiserad och utvecklad metadataskapat verklig proveniens som kan påvisa informationenssamband med den process och det sammanhang där den harbefunnit sig. Uppsatsen diskuterar även de bekymmer somuppstår då digitaliserad information ordnas på helt andra sättän tidigare och vilka konsekvenser detta får för hur vi skaförhålla oss till och förstå proveniens.Resultatet visar att informationsförvaltningarna kan borga föryttre proveniens vad gäller arkivmaterialet men inte helahandlingsbeståndet. Studien fastslår vidare att inreproveniens som en spegling av organisationens verksamhetmåste förstås utifrån hela handlingsbeståndet och desslogiska ordning, snarare än utifrån arkivmaterialets synliga.Undersökningen konstaterar även betydelsen av proaktivitetkring arbetet med att tydliggöra informationens processuellakontext, samt tidig metadataapplicering ochsystemutveckling som behåller metadata genom allaprocesser. Uppsatsen understryker slutligen att detta inte görsi den utsträckning som är nödvändig.This essay describes the debate about the principle ofprovenance and its multiple forms, and the transformationsof these forms, due to the coming of electronic informations.The thesis intended to explain the definitions of the principlein a modern information management and there explore howthey operate proactively to assure provenance.The qualitative investigation was carried out at tenmunicipality final archives, where each municipalityarchivist was being interviewed. The study expounds in whatway the digitisation has simplified the methods to conductassured provenance, where automated metadata shows therelationships of the information to function and process. Theessay also debates the difficulties that appear when digitalinformation are being organized in different ways thananalogue information, and how this fact requires a newinterpretation of the principle of provenance.The researcher concludes that the investigated archives,ensure respect des fonds when it concerns the content of thearchives, but not when it comes to the whole content of theinformation management. The result of the study also showsthat the respect of original order as a reflection of theorganization, has to be understood throughout all content ofthe management and its logical order, rather than the visiblecontent that the archives embrace. Furthermore the thesisobserves the importance of proactivity, regarding theclarification of the relationships between the information andthe processes that produce and use them. This could beachieved with early application of metadata and developmentof systems that keep metadata trough all processes. Theconclusion of the essay is that this is not pursued in theextension that is required.
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Sears, John Steven. "Minimalistic Descriptions of Nondynamical Electron Correlation: From Bond-Breaking to Transition-Metal Catalysis." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19807.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: C. David Sherrill; Committee Member: Jean-Luc Bredas; Committee Member: Mostafa El-Sayed; Committee Member: Peter J. Ludovice; Committee Member: Thomas Orlando.
21
Etter, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Material-Physical Description of Interpenetrating Graphite/Aluminium Composites Produced by Liquid Metal Infiltration / Thomas Etter." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1186577428/34.
Повний текст джерела
22
Schmitt, Miriam. "Microscopic description of magnetic model compounds." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-110282.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solid state physics comprises many interesting physical phenomena driven by the complex interplay of the crystal structure, magnetic and orbital degrees of freedom, quantum fluctuations and correlation. The discovery of materials which exhibit exotic phenomena like low dimensional magnetism, superconductivity, thermoelectricity or multiferroic behavior leads to various applications which even directly influence our daily live. For such technical applications and the purposive modification of materials, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms in solids is a precondition. Nowadays DFT based band structure programs become broadly available with the possibility to calculate systems with several hundreds of atoms in reasonable time scales and high accuracy using standard computers due to the rapid technical and conceptional development in the last decades. These improvements allow to study physical properties of solids from their crystal structure and support the search for underlying mechanisms of different phenomena from microscopic grounds.
This thesis focuses on the theoretical description of low dimensional magnets and intermetallic compounds. We combine DFT based electronic structure and model calculations to develop the magnetic properties of the compounds from microscopic grounds. The developed, intuitive pictures were challenged by model simulations with various experiments, probing microscopic and macroscopic properties, such as thermodynamic measurements, high field magnetization, nuclear magnetic resonance or electron spin resonance experiments. This combined approach allows to investigate the close interplay of the crystal structure and the magnetic properties of complex materials in close collaboration with experimentalists. In turn, the systematic variation of intrinsic parameters by substitution or of extrinsic factors, like magnetic field, temperature or pressure is an efficient way to probe the derived models. Especially pressure allows a continuous change of the crystal structure on a rather large energy scale without the chemical complexity of substitution, thus being an ideal tool to consistently alter the electronic structure in a controlled way. Our theoretical results not only provide reliable descriptions of real materials, exhibiting disorder, partial site occupation and/or strong correlations, but also predict fascinating phenomena upon extreme conditions. In parts this theoretical predictions were already confirmed by own experiments on large scale facilities.
Whereas in the first part of this work the main purpose was to develop reliable magnetic models of low dimensional magnets, in the second part we unraveled the underlying mechanism for different phase transitions upon pressure. In more detail, the first part of this thesis is focused on the magnetic ground states of spin 1/2 transition metal compounds which show fascinating phase diagrams with many unusual ground states, including various types of magnetic order, like helical states exhibiting different pitch angles, driven by the intimate interplay of structural details and quantum fluctuations. The exact arrangement and the connection of the magnetically active building blocks within these materials determine the hybridization, orbital occupation, and orbital orientation, this way altering the exchange paths and strengths of magnetic interaction within the system and consequently being crucial for the formation of the respective ground states. The spin 1/2 transition metal compounds, which have been investigated in this work, illustrate the great variety of exciting phenomena fueling the huge interest in this class of materials.
We focused on cuprates with magnetically active CuO4 plaquettes, mainly arranged into edge sharing geometries. The influence of structural peculiarities, as distortion, folding, changed bonding angles, substitution or exchanged ligands has been studied with respect to their relevance for the magnetic ground state. Besides the detailed description of the magnetic ground states of selected compounds, we attempted to unravel the origin for the formation of a particular magnetic ground state by deriving general trends and relations for this class of compounds. The details of the treatment of the correlation and influence of structural peculiarities like distortion or the bond angles are evaluated carefully.
In the second part of this work we presented the results of joint theoretical and experimental studies for intermetallic compounds, all exhibiting an isostructural phase transition upon pressure. Many different driving forces for such phase transitions are known like quantum fluctuations, valence instabilities or magnetic ordering. The combination of extensive computational studies and high pressure XRD, XAS and XMCD experiments using synchrotron radiation reveals completely different underlying mechanism for the onset of the phase transitions in YCo5, SrFe2As2 and EuPd3Bx.
This thesis demonstrates on a series of complex compounds that the combination of ab-initio electronic structure calculations with numerical simulations and with various experimental techniques is an extremely powerful tool for a successful description of the intriguing quantum phenomena in solids. This approach is able to reduce the complex behavior of real materials to simple but appropriate models, this way providing a deep understanding for the underlying mechanisms and an intuitive picture for many phenomena. In addition, the close interaction of theory and experiment stimulates the improvement and refinement of the methods in both areas, pioneering the grounds for more and more precise descriptions. Further pushing the limits of these mighty techniques will not only be a precondition for the success of fundamental research at the frontier between physics and chemistry, but also enables an advanced material design on computational grounds.
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Köhler, Sebastian. "Beyond Frege-Geach : neglected problems for Expressivism." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15854.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is about the viability of meta-normative expressivism. On what I take to be the dominant conception of the view, it subscribes to two theses. First, that the meaning of sentences is to be explained in terms of the mental states these sentences conventionally express. Second, that there is a fundamental difference in the roles of the states expressed by normative sentences and the states expressed by descriptive sentences: descriptive sentences, according to expressivists, express mental states which are representational and non-motivational, while normative sentences express non-representational and motivational states. Expressivism has attracted many naturalistically inclined philosophers for its ability to explain many of the distinctive features of normative discourse and thought, without adding entities to our ontology that are metaphysically and epistemologically problematic. In this way, expressivism promises to preserve the legitimacy of our ordinary normative practice within a naturalistic world-view, without giving up on any of its distinctive features. Despite it’s benefits, expressivism also faces significant problems. While one of these problems, the Frege-Geach Problem, has attracted a lot of attention, there are several other problems that have not been sufficiently addressed by . But, given that the reasonable assumption that the plausibility of philosophical theories needs to be assessed holistically, it seems that one should pay attention to these problems to be able to assess expressivism’s overall plausibility. In this thesis I explain how expressivists can solve two of these problems. The first problem the dissertation is concerned with is the normative attitude problem. This is a dilemma based on the challenge that expressivists need to give an account of the nature of the attitude that normative thinking consists in. The dilemma is then that expressivists could either do this by holding that normative thinking consists in sui generis attitudes, which is uninformative and potentially in conflict with naturalism, or by holding that normative thinking reduces to attitudes fully describable in non-normative terms, which is in conflict with our intuitions about normative thinking. I argue that this dilemma is structurally identical to a dilemma which meta-normative representationalism faces (expressivism’s dialectical rival) and that expressivists can use the same theoretical resources to address the normative attitude problem meta-normative representationalists have used to address their version of the dilemma. I also argue that these resources will not only help more traditional versions of expressivism, according to which normative thinking reduces to familiar kinds of attitudes fully describable in non-normative terms, but opens up the possibility of an expressivist view according to which normative thinking consists in sui generis attitudes. The second problem I consider is a challenge to a particular expressivist project: quasi-realism. Part of this project is to show that expressivism is compatible with a web of closely connected assumptions, namely, that normative thought and discourse are truth-apt and normative judgements are beliefs. While quasi-realists have made some progress in this direction, there is one relevant phenomenon that has so far been neglected, namely, those uses of that-clauses that are associated with propositional content. This is a problematic neglect, because that-clauses figure prominently in platitudes characterizing our ordinary notions of “truth-aptitude” and “belief ”, and so expressivists need to provide a plausible account of these uses of that-clauses which fits with their allowing that normative thought and discourse are truth-apt and normative judgements are beliefs. I address this challenge as follows: I first remove any worries that one might have that a plausible account of that-clauses that helps the quasi-realist could be given, by introducing the distinction between semantics and meta-semantics and locating expressivism at the level of metasemantics. I then develop a deflationist view of that-clauses which suits the quasi-realist’s purposes. I start by giving such a view for the use of that-clauses in meaning-attributions by expanding on the work of Wilfried Sellars. I then go on to explain how the account can be generalized to the use of that-clauses in belief-attributions and propositional attitude ascriptions more generally, in a way that allows expressivists to say that normative judgements are beliefs.
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Russier, Vincent. "Contribution à la description théorique de l'interface métal noble / solution électrolytique." Paris 6, 1986. https://hal.science/tel-04577395v1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Description théorique de l'interface entre un métal noble et une solution électrolytique. La description de l'interface solution-paroi solide est décrite par le modèle "civilisé" dans lequel les molécules sont des sphères dures portant un dipôle ponctuel et les ions de sphères dures chargées. Détermination du profil de densité des dipôles lorsque ceux-ci interagissent avec la surface ainsi que le profil de densité des ions. Pour l'interface métal noble-vide, calcul du travail de sortie et de l'énergie de surface. Utilisation d'un modèle simple permettant de traiter la surface et de rendre compte de l'hybridation s/dTheoretical description of the interface between a noble metal and an electrolytic solution. The description of the solution-wall solid interface is described by the "civilized" model in which the molecules are hard spheres bearing a point dipole and the ions of charged hard spheres. Determination of the density profile of dipoles when they interact with the surface and the density profile of ions. For noble-vacuum metal interface, calculation of output work and surface energy. Use of a simple model to treat the surface and account for hybridization s/d
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Wang, Siwen. "Orbital Level Understanding of Adsorbate-Surface Interactions in Metal Nanocatalysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98923.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We develop a theoretical framework for a priori estimation of catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles using geometry-based reactivity descriptors of surface atoms and kinetic analysis of reaction pathways at various types of active sites. We show that orbitalwise coordination numbers 𝐶𝑁α (α = 𝑠 or 𝑑) can be used to predict chemical reactivity of a metal site (e.g., adsorption energies of critical reaction intermediates) by being aware of the neighboring chemical environment, outperforming their regular (𝐶𝑁) and generalized (𝐶̅𝑁̅) counterparts with little added computational cost. Here we include two examples to illustrate this method: CO oxidation on Au (5𝑑¹⁰6𝑠¹) and O₂ reduction on Pt (5𝑑⁹6𝑠¹). We also employ Bayesian learning and the Newns-Anderson model to advance the fundamental understanding of adsorbate-surface interactions on metal nanocatalysts, paving the path toward adsorbate-specific tuning of catalysis.Doctor of Philosophy
The interactions between reaction intermediates and catalysts should be neither too strong nor too weak for catalytic optimization. This Sabatiers principle arising from the scaling relations among the energetics of reacting species at geometrically similar sites, provides the conceptual basis for designing improved catalysts, but imposes volcano-type limitations on the attainable catalytic activity and selectivity. One of the greatest challenges faced by the catalysis community today is how to develop design strategies and ultimately predictive models of catalytic systems that could circumvent energy scaling relations. This work brings the quantum-chemical modeling and machine learning technique together and develops a novel stochastic modeling approach to rationally design the catalysts with desired properties and bridges our knowledge gap between the empirical kinetics and atomistic mechanisms of catalytic reactions.
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Alías, Rodríguez Marc. "Beyond the static description of the electronic structure:Excited state dynamics in transition metal complexes and organic compounds." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671956.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La descripció dels estats excitats és important per racionalitzar processis que succeeixen després d'irradiar amb llum
un material. La comprensió d'aquests estats és una eina fonamental per modificar aquests materials i emprar-los en
diferents funcions. En estudis previs en el nostre grup, la descripció d'aquests estats fou limitada a càlculs estàtics
d'estructura electrònica. En la tesis actual, hem anat un pas més enllà al descriure aquests processos des d'un punt
de vista dinàmic pel que hem utilitzat tres mètodes.
El primer d'ells ha estat la versió depenent del temps de la regla daurada de Fermi per dos complexos de ferro (II).
Aquest mètode ha demostrat ser precís per determinar velocitats i temps de vida per transicions d'entrecreuament
entre estats d'espín diferent en processos relativament ràpids. Tot i això, els resultats obtinguts amb aquesta
metodologia per processos ultraràpids no tenen significat físic. El mecanisme d'aquest procés ultraràpid ha estat
estudiat mitjançant el mètode multi-configuracional depenent del temps emprant productes de Hartree (MCTDH, per
les seves sigles en anglès).(reverse-LIESST, per les seves sigles en anglès) i la població ultraràpida dels triplets en una molècula orgànica com la xantona. Finalment, hem utilitzat les dinàmiques moleculars amb salts entre superfícies. Aquest últim mètode calcula els desplaçaments nuclears a partir dels gradients de la energia electrònica per un estat en particular i els salts entre superfícies són calculats a través d'un algoritme a partir dels acoblaments no adiabàtics. Aquest mètode ha estat utilitzat en el text actual per l'estudi de la reacció de fotoisomerització de l'azobenzè. La descripción de los estados excitados es importante para racionalizar procesos que suceden después de irradiar con luz un material. La comprensión de estos estados es una herramienta importante para modificar materiales con diferentes funcionalidades. En estudios previos en nuestro grupo, la descripción se limitó a cálculos estáticos de la estructura electrónica de estos estados. En la presente tesis, hemos ido un paso más lejos al describir estos procesos desde un punto de vista dinámico a través de tres métodos. El primero de ellos ha sido la versión dependiente del tiempo de la regla dorada de Fermi para dos complejos de hierro (II). Este método ha demostrado ser preciso para determinar velocidades y tiempos de vida para transiciones de entrecruzamiento entre estados de diferente espín en procesos relativamente rápidos. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos con este método para procesos ultrarápidos carecen de significado físico. El mecanismo de este proceso ultrarápidos ha sido estudiado mediante el método multi-configuradional dependiente del tiempo a través de productos de Hartree (MCTDH, por sus siglas en inglés).
The description of the excited states is important to rationalize processes happening after irradiation of light. The comprehension of them is an important tool to tune materials for different applications. In previous studies in our group, these descriptions were limited to a static calculation of the electronic structure for the involved states. In this thesis, we have gone one step further to describe these processes from a dynamic point of view through three different methodologies. The first method employed has been the time-dependent Fermi's golden rule in two iron (II) complexes. This method has been proved to accurately determine the intersystem crossing rates and lifetimes in relatively fast processes. However, this gives unphysical rates in the study of an ultra-fast process. This last process is also studied with nuclear quantum dynamics by means of Multi-Configuration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH). This second methodology needs the creation a priory of a model Hamiltonian and has been used in the reverse-LIESST process of an iron (II) complex and the ultrafast triplet population in xanthone molecule.
27
Veflen, Martin Elton. "The Political Risk of Oil and Gas Mega Projects : A Descriptive Empirical Analysis." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two elements can be seen to evolve progressively with globalization: political risk and mega projects. Although a fair amount of research has been carried out in regards to political risk and mega projects as separate units of investigation, few studies have attempted to combine the two. This thesis fills a void in the existing literature by providing a specialized approach to political risk, focusing on political risk of oil and gas mega projects in particular. Drawing on a comprehensive dataset of political risk in developing countries, the investigation consists of three constituent parts: a descriptive empirical analysis of 90 cases of political risk between 1998 and 2005; a comparative analysis with 240 cases of political risk across all affected industries within that same period; and three case studies. My intention is to illustrate the conceptual framework and to establish the causal mechanism at play. The findings of this text highlight the need for a more thorough and current political risk- and mega project theory, one which incorporates the important aspect of globalization and consequently sees political risk as a multidimensional phenomenon. The findings support the relevance of the obsolescing bargain mechanism, challenge the proposed significance of non-governmental activism and environmental issues, and, perhaps most decisively, accentuate the importance of the need of a social license to operate.
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Rouger, Amélie. "Description et comportement des communautés bactériennes de la viande de poulet conservée sous atmosphère protectrice." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ONIR099F/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contrôler les bactéries altérantes des aliments, notamment les produits carnés crus, est un enjeu majeur pour les industries agroalimentaires. Les conditions de stockage de la viande sous différentes atmosphères exercent une pression de sélection et modifient le comportement et le développement des communautés bactériennes initialement présentes. Des méthodes de séquençage à haut débit, utilisées pour caractériser différents écosystèmes microbiens, ont été appliquées pour étudier la dynamique des communautés bactériennes de la viande de poulet au cours du stockage.Nous avons développé une méthode pour constituer des écosystèmes microbiens standards dont la composition a été déterminée par pyroséquençage du gène de l’ARNr 16S. La présence de Brochothrix thermosphacta et de Pseudomonas parmi les espèces dominantes a été confirmée et nous avons mis en évidence que Shewanella et Carnobacterium étaient sous dominantes. Nous avons sélectionné deux écosystèmes pour effectuer des challenges tests reproductibles sur de la viande de poulet conservée sous 3 atmosphères couramment utilisées. Une analyse métatranscriptomique et métagénomique a été réalisée afin de savoir “Quelles bactéries étaient présentes ?”, “Qu’étaient-elles capables de faire?” et “Qu’exprimaient-elles?” suivant les conditions.Nous avons ainsi pu évaluer l’impact des mélanges gazeux sur la dynamique bactérienne et les fonctions exprimées par les bactéries suivant les contaminants initiaux. Cela nous donne des pistes pour fournir des indications afin d’optimiser la conservation de la viande en contrôlant les écosystèmes microbiensControlling spoilage microorganisms, especially in raw meat products, is challenging for the food industry.Storage conditions such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) have selective effects on the microbiota dynamics. Thanks to the recent developmentof next generation sequencing methods widely used for characterizing microbes in different ecosystems, we studied bacterial community dynamics during chickenmeat storage.We developed a method to constitute a standard meat microbial ecosystem hosting known bacterial species previously described by 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results confirmed the presence of Brochothrix thermosphacta and Pseudomonas and we also showed the presence of subdominant species as Shewanella and Carnobacterium. We selected 2 bacterial communities enabling reproducible challenge tests on meat during 9 days of storage at 4°C under 3 different atmospheres currently used in the industry.Metatranscriptomic and metagenomic analyses were performed to know “Who is there?”, “What can they do?” and “What are they expressing?” depending on the gaseous mixtures and on the initial microbiota.Consequently, we could evaluate the impact of storage atmosphere on the microbiotas dynamics and on the functions the bacteria expressed, depending on the storage condition and on the nature of the bacterial communities present. This led to indications of optimized storage conditions of poultry meat by managing their ecosystems
29
Ransome, Kristin. "Intentions to engage in a meat-reduced diet: an application of the integrative model of behavioural prediction." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The consumption of meat and meat products has been cited as the most critical area to be addressed if we are to meet a sustainable future diet, regarding the impact on climate change and health. The numerous sustainability concerns that have been raised have stimulated calls to reduce the quantity of meat people in general eat, and have created an on-going global debate among policymakers, academics and practitioners. This research makes use of the Integrative Model of Behavioural Prediction (IMBP) in order to isolate the key determinants of what drives the intentions of middle to upper-income South Africans to engage in a meat-reduced diet (MRD). A two-phase methodology was utilised, by firstly conducting an elicitation study to identify the salient beliefs present in the population, and secondly by conducting a population survey to quantify the cognitive foundation of this behaviour. The empirical results showed that the areas of cognition which most strongly predict whether one intends to engage in an MRD were instrumental attitude, experiential attitude and injunctive norms. This study makes three primary contributions. Firstly, a theoretical contribution, through providing insight into how behavioural themes and beliefs materialise into changes in meat-consumption. Secondly, marketing practitioners can benefit from the insight offered by IMBP, which is valuable as it helps to identify what behavioural shift is required to promote MRDs. Lastly, this study contributes to the methodology utilised when applying the IMBP by applying the model to dietary behaviour, which has received comparatively less attention in the past.
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Álvarez, I. María Elena, S. Diego Ávila, S. Carolina Blanco, C. Nelly González, R. Katherine Keim, R. Rodolfo Romero, L. Rocío Saavedra, R. Lorena Solar, and C. Manuel Villanovoa. "METAPHORS WE SING BY: A DESCRIPTIVE AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN POP AND METAL LYRICS." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/109795.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main purpose of this study is to carry out a descriptive and comparative analysis of
conceptual metaphors (CM’s) in metal and pop lyrics based on the theory proposed by
Lakoff and Johnson in their influential book ‘Metaphors We Live By’, published in
1980. In this work, they claim that metaphors are not constrained to poetic language, but
are also part of everyday language. In this sense, they claim that metaphor is not only a
stylistic feature of language but also an essential process of human thought and
conceptualisation.
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Olenka, Ketlyn Lucyani. "Perfil descritivo otimizado, aceitação e parâmetros físico-químicos de vinhos tintos de mesa." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Previous issue date: 2015-11-27The table wine plays a fundamental role in the national wine industry as a source of income for small, medium and large producers. In southwestern Paraná, the city that stands out in the production of red table wines is Salgado Filho. However there are few studies about its features. There are many techniques and thousands of research on red wines, however, the technique of Optimized Descriptive Profile (ODP), because it is a recent methodology is not aware of published works, still used it to describe wines. For the wine industry to promote regional and agro-industrial development, it is necessary to know the possibilities and problems, and on this fact, have been able to establish manufacturing processes based on certain criteria for a safe product and proven quality in the physical, chemical and sensory and that they can win the market. The objective is therefore to apply the optimized descriptive profile, characterize the physical and chemical parameters and verify the acceptance of red wines produced in the municipality of Salgado Filho-PR. Also aimed to verify the adequacy of wines with current legislation and correlate the variables of sensory and instrumental measurements. In developing the methodology we used samples of eight different types of red table wines produced in the municipality of Salgado Filho, all prepared with the varietal Claret. To trace the Optimized Descriptive Profile was used the methodology proposed by Silva (2012). It used the acceptance test and purchase intention to analyze the sensory acceptance. The physical and chemical variables were density, alcohol, volatile acidity, total acidity, reducing sugars and sulfates. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey test (p = 5%) and Pearson correlation test. The results show that the ODP, the wines differed as to color, acid taste and body and had no significant differences in aroma, sweet taste and astringency, it can be said that red wines analyzed table feature burgundy color and grape aroma with high intensity notes, with medium intensity for sweet taste and sour taste. light-bodied with low astringency. The acceptance there were no significant differences between the samples and all it obtained high acceptance rate. In general, the physical and chemical parameters fulfilled the Identity and Quality Standards established by Brazilian law. Instrumental and sensory variables showed some positive correlations and strong negative that made it possible to verify the importance of using both measures to reduce demand for time and cost of analysis.
O vinho de mesa exerce papel fundamental no setor vinícola nacional, como fonte de renda para pequenos, médios e grandes produtores. No sudoeste do Paraná, o município que se destaca na produção de vinhos tintos de mesa é Salgado Filho. No entanto, há poucos estudos sobre suas características. Existem muitas técnicas e milhares de pesquisas sobre vinhos tintos, porém, a técnica do Perfil Descritivo Otimizado (PDO), pelo fato de ser uma metodologia recente, ainda não se tem conhecimento de trabalhos publicados utilizando-a para descrever vinhos. Para que a vitivinicultura possa promover o desenvolvimento regional e agroindustrial, é necessário conhecer as possibilidades e problemas, e sobre esta realidade, têm-se condições de estabelecer processos de fabricação baseados em critérios determinados para um produto seguro e com qualidade comprovada nos aspectos físicos, químicos e sensoriais e que possam conquistar o mercado. Objetivou-se aplicar o perfil descritivo otimizado, caracterizar os parâmetros físico-químicos e verificar a aceitação de vinhos tintos produzidos no município de Salgado Filho-PR. Ainda, teve como objetivo verificar as adequações dos vinhos com a legislação vigente e correlacionar as variáveis de medidas sensoriais e instrumentais. No desenvolvimento da metodologia utilizou-se amostras de oito diferentes tipos de vinhos tinto de mesa, produzidos no município de Salgado Filho, todos elaborados com a varietal Bordô. Para traçar o PDO foi utilizada a metodologia proposta por Silva (2012). Foram utilizados os teste de aceitação e intenção de compra para analisar a aceitação sensorial. As variáveis físico-químicas analisadas foram a densidade, teor alcoólico, acidez volátil, acidez total, açúcares redutores e dióxido de enxofre livre e total. Os dados foram analisados por Análise de Variância (ANOVA), teste de Tukey (p=5%) e teste de correlação de Pearson. Os resultados demonstram que no PDO, os vinhos se diferenciaram quanto a cor, gosto ácido e corpo e não tiveram diferenças significativas de aroma, gosto doce e adstringência, pode-se dizer que os vinhos tintos de mesa analisados apresentam cor bordô e aroma de uva com notas de intensidade elevadas, com intensidade média para gosto doce e gosto ácido, pouco encorpados e com baixa adstringência. Quanto à aceitação não houve diferenças significativas entre as amostras e todas obtiveram alto índice de aceitabilidade. Em geral, os parâmetros físico-químicos se enquadraram nos Padrões de Identidade e Qualidade estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. As variáveis instrumentais e sensoriais apresentaram algumas correlações positivas e negativas fortes que possibilitaram verificar a importância da utilização de ambas medidas para reduzir a demanda de tempo e custo das análises.
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Barker, Joel Frederick. "Hydrological and Paleoclimate Analysis of a Pinyon-Juniper and Fen-Dominated Watershed on the Windy Ridge Mega-Landslide." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7740.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water BudgetThis chapter documents the hydrologic analysis of a watershed within the Windy Ridge mega-landslide of Central Utah to (1) create a water budget and (2) place a quantitative limit on the magnitude of climatic changes documented by Shurtliff et al. (2017) and Hudson et al. (2019). (1) A water budget was calculated over the last four years using instrumentation and weather stations both within and surrounding the watershed, In terms of precipitation input, 85% is released by the evapotranspiration of the Pinyon-Juniper forest, 4% discharges as surface water from the base of the watershed, and 11 % infiltrates the groundwater system. This infiltration rate is slightly lower than the 15% suggested by Maxey-Eakin method (Maxey and Eakin, 1949), likely due to the less permeable, clay-rich sediment. (2) Previous studies performed on Garden Basin Cattail (GBC) Fen at the base of its watershed suggest swings from pond-like to wetland environments (Shurtliff et al, 2017; Hudson et al, 2019). This study estimated precipitation values necessary to create standing water (pond) environments. Changes in annual precipitation, as well as input from North American monsoon (NAM), may cause these environmental changes. Each of these cases were examined. Trends in piezometer measurements compared to mean annual precipitation indicated that ‰¥ 644 mm of annual precipitation are required to sustain a wet (perennial standing water) environment. The change from wetland to pond conditions may depend on seasonal trends in precipitation. This study suggests an increase of 150-300 mm of precipitation in late summer (NAM) may be connected to perennially wet conditions. The higher annual precipitation values, largely accomplished by NAM fluctuations, caused a transition from wetland to pond (Hudson et al., 2019; Shurtliff et al., 2017). Chapter 2: Core AnalysisChapter 2 further documents the watershed's historical environmental and climate record by analyzing sediment and topography surrounding GBC fen, adding to the works of Shurtliff et al. (2019) and Hudson et al. (2019). A core was extracted from GBC fen at the base of the watershed and the sediment analyzed in terms of color, texture, environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) imaging, RockEval pyrolysis, and 14C ages. These results were then compared to pre-existing pollen and diatom proxies completed on a previous core by Shurtliff et al. (2019). This study suggests climatic variation, along with basin fill processes, was the driver of environmental change in GBC fen (Garden Basin watershed). Climate proxies show the basic trend from a particularly wet period (12-9 ka BP) of more stagnant or deeper water, to a much dryer period of much shallower water levels (9-3 ka BP), followed by a rebound in moisture levels, especially in the past few hundred years. Although climate was the driver of transitions within GBC2 core, a pollen record of sustained shallow water plants and MASW (Park et al., 1999) survey may suggest beaver activity.
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Chaloupka, Roman. "Vyhotovení mapových podkladů areálu Metra v Blansku - severní část." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The diploma thesis deals with the creation of map bases in the northern part of the Metra areal in Blansko in the form of a thematic map in a scale 1:250. Descriptive information for each element has been added to the map. The thesis describes in detail the process of creating a measuring network, detailed survey, calculations, testing accuracy and creation of a thematic map including descriptive information.
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Gui, Xin [Verfasser], and W. M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Klopper. "Theoretical Description of Excited States and Optical Properties of Transition Metal Complexes in the Framework of the Bethe–Salpeter Equation / Xin Gui ; Betreuer: W. M. Klopper." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226222064/34.
Повний текст джерела
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Floengård, Hanna. "Hur smakar vilt? : En studie om hur smaken vilt kan beskrivas." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9280.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inledning: Många organisationer och projekt har under de senaste åren fokuserat på att främja en ökad konsumtion och kunskap om viltkött. Den enkla frågan ”hur smakar vilt?” blir i detta sammanhang mycket betydelsefull. Hur kan smaken vilt beskrivas med ord?Litteraturgenomgång: Idag står viltkött för 4 % av den totala köttkonsumtionen men runt 59 % vill äta mer viltkött. Flera nya Svenska undersökningar har visat att smakbeskrivningar av produkter kan underlätta köpbeslutet för konsumenten. Det har också visats att våra sinnen påverkar våra köpbeslut och att ju mer vi fångar en konsuments sinnen ju mer kan köpbeslutet påverkas.Syfte: Syftet med den här undersökningen var att ta fram en sensorisk beskrivning av viltsmak. Studiens mål var också att få svar på vilka ord som kunde beskriva viltsmaken hos älg-, hjort- och vildsvinskött och hur tydlig viltsmaken var hos de tre viltarterna.Metod: Med kött från tre utvalda villebråd skapades en smakprofil för viltkött genom ett sensoriskt beskrivande test. En profilpanel fick provsmaka ytterfilén av hjort, älg och vildsvin. Undersökningen gjordes vid ett tillfälle och var uppdelat i tre moment. Först fick panelen göra en individuell bedömning av viltköttet genom att fylla i en enkät. Sedan diskuterades enkätens resultat i en gruppdiskussion och i sista momentet bestämdes viltsmakens intensitet hos de tre viltarterna i form av ett intensitetstest.Resultat: Resultatet visar att vilt har en syrlig smak, en karaktäristisk blod- och metallsmak samt en mustig smak av skog och jord. Även om studien främst var inriktad på smaken och inte doft, valdes svaveldoft att finnas med i beskrivningen för viltsmak eftersom den återkom hos samtliga viltarter. Viltsmaken var betydligt intensivare hos älgen och hjorten medan den hos vildsvinet visades vara mycket mild. Älgen hade den mest utpräglade viltsmaken.Slutsats: En slutsats kan dras med resultatet som stöd att viltsmak kan beskrivas vara syrligt, ha en karaktäristisk blod- och metallsmak samt en mustig smak av skog och jord. Slutsatsen kan också dras att älgen och hjorten har en mycket kraftig medan vildsvinet inte har samma tydligare viltsmak. Genom litteraturstudier drogs vidare slutsatsen att sensorisk beskrivning av viltkött kan förenkla konsumentens beslut, skapa en vassare marknadsföring samt öka upplevelsen för både den vanliga konsumenten och inom för konsumenter inom turisnäringen. Med hjälp av beskrivande smakord kan också samtal och uttryck för vad maten smakar öka gemenskapen under en måltid.Introduction: Many organizations and projects have during the past years focused on to promote an increased consumption and knowledge for game meat. The simple question “How does game taste?” becomes in this context very essential. How can the taste of game be described with words?Literature review: Today game meat represents 4 % of the total meat consumption but approximately 59 % would like to eat more game meat. Several new Swedish studies have shown that taste descriptions of products can ease the purchase decision for the consumer. It has also been shown that our senses are influencing on our purchase decision. All the more we can catch the consumers senses all the more the purchase decision can be influenced.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a sensory description for the gamy flavor. The aim with the study was also to answer, which words could describe the taste of game of deer, elk and boar and how clear the taste of game was in these three species.Method: With meat from three selected games a taste profile for game meat was created through a sensory descriptive test. A profile panel tasted the sirloin from deer, elk and boar. The study was performed at one occasion and divided into three separate stages. At the first stage the panel made an individual judgment by filling in a survey. In the subsequent stage the result from the survey was discussed in groups and in the final stage the taste intensity of the three different games was determined by an intensity test.Results: The results shows that game has a sour taste, a characteristic blood and metallic taste and a rich taste of wood and earth. Although the study focused on taste rather than scents, the scent of sulfur was decided to be a part of the gamy flavor as it appeared at all species. The elk and deer had a strong taste of game meanwhile the boar showed a more mild taste. The elk had the most pronounced gamy flavor.Conclusion: One conclusion that was made with the results as support is that the taste of game can be described as sour, a characteristic blood and metallic taste and a rich taste of wood and earth. Another conclusion that can be made is that the elk and the deer has a much more stronger taste of game compared to the boar which doesn’t have the same clear taste of game. By literature studies a conclusion could be made that a sensory description of game meat can ease the consumers purchase decision, create a more cutting edge marketing, and enhance the experience both for the ordinary consumer and the consumer in the tourist business. Using descriptive words for the taste of the food can also increase the communion during a meal.
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Van, Graan Marteleze. "South African host city volunteers' experiences of the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa™." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27565.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association’s (FIFA) World Cup (WC) would be the first time that a FIFA WC would be hosted on the African continent. This study was aimed at describing the South African City of Tshwane (COT) general volunteers’ experiences of volunteering at the 2010 FIFA WC. The FIFA Volunteer Programme consists of two groups of volunteers: Local Organising Committee (LOC) volunteers and each Host City (HC) volunteers. The COT volunteers are HC volunteers from the Tshwane Metropolitan Area (TMA). Volunteers are active in a variety of different contexts, namely in the community, volunteers at sport clubs or schools and also at mega sport events. Volunteers make it possible to host a mega sport event because they provide their time and effort without expecting remuneration or they receive a stipend amount. The existing literature of volunteers at mega sport events investigated what motivated volunteers to participate as well as how satisfied the volunteers were with the experience. The aim of this study was to describe COT general volunteers’ experiences of preparing (preparation phase) for the 2010 FIFA WC; COT general volunteers’ experiences during (participation phase) the 2010 FIFA WC, as well as the South African COT general volunteers’ experiences on their involvement (reflection phase) at the 2010 FIFA WC was described. The methodology employed in this study was Descriptive Phenomenology and the Duquesne Phenomenological Research Method was used to analyse the material. The differences between Descriptive Phenomenology and Interpretive Phenomenology were described. The material consisted of a written account as well as an interview, which was based on the essences that were portrayed in the written accounts. There were five participants — three spectator services volunteers and two rights protection volunteers. All of the participants were female. The findings of this study were divided into the preparation phase, participation phase and the reflection phase. In the preparation phase the COT general volunteers described two essences namely, the application process and training. In the participation phase the COT general volunteers experienced four essences namely, the working of shifts, interaction with volunteers, interaction with supervisors and lastly interaction with tourists. In the reflection phase the volunteers described two experiences, growth and value. This research project contributes to sport psychology because this study describes the experiences of volunteers at the 2010 FIFA WC.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Psychology
unrestricted
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Zubík, Tomáš. "Vyhotovení mapových podkladů areálu Metra v Blansku - jižní část." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400183.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The diploma thesis deals with planimetric and altimetry determination of the area Metro company in Blansko , its southern part. The content of the thesis is a detailed description of the schedule, survey section, calculations, graphic processing in the GEOSTORE V6® program, description information connection. The result is a printed 1: 250 scale maps in the S-JTSK coordinate system and the Bpv elevation system.
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Scheidgen, Markus [Verfasser]. "Description of languages based on object-oriented meta-modelling / von Markus Scheidgen." 2009. http://d-nb.info/99486132X/34.
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Hausmann, Jan Hendrik [Verfasser]. "Dynamic META modeling : a semantics description technique for visual modeling languages / Jan Hendrik Hausmann." 2005. http://d-nb.info/978511158/34.
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chen, yingjie, and 陳盈潔. "Combinative Metal Objects:Yingjie Chen's Creation Description." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26963984989653424804.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
藝術學系碩士班
96
My metal creation combines the concept of moving because it elaborates my creativity on structure and outreaches the audience during the interactions.Since I have more passion for simple elements in my daily life, I decide to start with the toys I am the most familiar with. I want to fulfill my dream as an artist by completing my work pieces with the most appropriate materials.On the first chapter, it introduces how I begin my path to art creations and how it goes across the art substance from two-dimensional to three-dimensional prospective.On the second chapter, it states the theories and perceptions influencing my creations.It goes further on the directions of my creations.On the third chapter, it extends to the characters of my creations through the transformation of the perceptions.On the fourth chapter, it gives the review of my works and leads them to a new pattern of creations.Moreover, it provides the future design of my works.
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KO, CHENG-HAO, and 柯澄皓. "Metal Art with Cereal Compounds–Creation Descriptions by Ko Cheng-Hao." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ds2vaf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士大葉大學
造形藝術學系碩士班
107
Cereal is one of the important categories of food for human beings. Because cereal brings satisfaction for us physically, grains like rice and wheat are recognized as symbols of harvest. A vitality in the cooking procedure of them draws my attention. Joy comes from the expectation of the appetite. Ingredients and cultures support and accompany each other in all time. In Chinese language, the homonyms of “Cake” (Gāo) and “rice cake” (Guì) sound the same as blessing words. Therefore, some products of rice and wheat are seen as mascots to bless each other and show the wellbeing in festival fests. Seeds are one of the forms in which plants store energy for breeding offspring. Some of them could still be cultivated and germinated after being stored for thousands years. Scientist can analyze seed grains and define their elemental structures however, for the perceptional cognitions such as color, texture and aroma are still puzzles. My experiments began by milling, steaming and boiling various of cereals. After drying I record the process and results in details. I am pleased their plain jet intimate and affirmed character inspired me, for I sense the tactile of which qualities through grains. In order to explore my sensibilities beyond the sense of taste in common daily grains. I work on jewelries as objective correlatives. The aesthetics in the background of my food culture as well as the latent power of the earth inspired me to apply the stability of metals through craftsman techniques and created three series of metalcrafts:《Gelatinization》,《Willful》and 《Conservation Seed》which are included in〈Metal Art with Cereal Compounds〉.
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Senanayake, Ravithree Dhaneeka. "Electron-nuclear dynamics in noble metal nanoparticles." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38809.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Chemistry
Christine Aikens
Thiolate-protected noble metal nanoparticles (~2 nm size) are efficient solar photon harvesters, as they favorably absorb within the visible region. Clear mechanistic insights regarding the photo-physics of the excited state dynamics in thiolate-protected noble metal nanoclusters are important for future photocatalytic, light harvesting and photoluminescence applications. Herein, the core and higher excited states lying in the visible range are investigated using the time-dependent density functional theory method for different thiolate-protected nanoclusters. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations are performed using the fewest switches surface hopping approach with a time-dependent Kohn-Sham (FSSH-TDKS) description of the electronic states with decoherence corrections to study the electronic relaxation dynamics. Calculations on the [Au₂₅ (SH)₁₈]⁻¹ nanocluster showed that relaxations between core excited states occur on a short time scale (2-18 ps). No semiring or other states were observed at an energy lower than the core-based S₁ state, which suggested that the experimentally observed picosecond time constants could be core-to-core transitions rather than core-to-semiring transitions. Electronic relaxation dynamics on [Au₂₅ (SH)₁₈]⁻¹ with different R ligands (R = CH₃, C₂H₅, C₃H₇, MPA) [MPA = mercaptopropanoic acid] showed that all ligand clusters including the simplest SH model follow a similar trend in decay within the core states. In the presence of higher excited states, R= H, CH₃, C₂H₅, C₃H₇ demonstrated similar relaxations trends, whereas R=MPA showed a different relaxation of core states due to a smaller LUMO+1-LUMO+2 gap. Overall, the S₁ state gave the slowest decay in all ligated clusters. An examination of separate electron and hole relaxations in the [Au₂₅ (SCH₃)₁₈]⁻¹ nanocluster showed how the independent electron and hole relaxations contribute to its overall relaxation dynamics. Relaxation dynamics in the Au₁₈(SH)₁₄ nanocluster revealed that the S₁ state has the slowest decay, which is a semiring to core charge transfer state. Hole relaxations are faster than electron relaxations in the Au₁₈(SH)₁₄ cluster due its closely packed HOMOs. The dynamics in the Au₃₈(SH)₂₄ nanocluster predicted that the slowest decay, the decay of S₁₁ or the combined S₁₁-S₁₂, S₁-S₂-S₄-S₇ and S₄-S₅-S₉-S₁₀ decay, involves intracore relaxations. The phonon spectral densities and vibrational frequencies suggested that the low frequency (25 cm⁻¹) coherent phonon emission reported experimentally could be the bending of the bi-icosahedral Au₂₃ core or the “fan blade twisting” mode of two icosahedral units. Relaxation dynamics of the silver nanoparticle [Ag₂₅ (SR)₁₈]⁻¹ showed that both [Ag₂₅(SH)₁₈]⁻¹ and [Au₂₅ (SH)₁₈]⁻¹ follow a common decay trend within the core states and the higher excited states.
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Lin, Naiqing. "Explaining unobserved heterogeneity of food safety behavioral intention: a sequential mixed method approach." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39248.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Hospitality Management
Kevin R. Roberts
In 2015, 902 foodborne illness outbreaks were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, resulting in 15,202 illnesses, 950 hospitalizations, and 15 deaths. Previous literature from both survey and observational studies have reported low conformity with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Code guidelines. To effectively reduce foodborne illnesses, foodservice managers and food handlers must perform proper food safety behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to identify and explain the unobserved cognitive processes within food safety behavioral intention. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was utilized. First, a systematic review and meta-analyses of the existing literature were conducted to quantify statistical power better and summarize the effect sizes with conflicting studies. Then, an in-depth qualitative study was conducted to help explain the statistical results. Using existing observed cognitive variables grounded by the Theory of Planned Behavior, the key idea is that the qualitative inquiry was built on the quantitative results. Thus, the syntheses of both studies help explained the unobserved heterogeneity information. Study 1 included a total of 1,550 studies for screening with 46 records meeting the inclusion criteria for analyses. The overall random effect size (r) was 0.282 (p < 0.001) providing collective evidence that the TPB constructs predict food safety behavioral intention. Subjective norms were noted as the most influencial variable to food safety behavioral intention. Studies with employee motivational constructs tend to show the most positive effect on food safety intention relationships. However, the Theory of Planned Behavior model only explained a combined 22% of total true effect variance. Thus, a considerable amount of the variance (78%) within food safety behavioral intention is still unexplained. Study 2 used an online questionnaire to measure individual-level norms. Open-ended questions (14) helped create qualitative narrative texts for analyses and establishing a demographic profile of the participants. A total of 104 responses from foodservice and restaurant employees were documented for coding. Most participants were female, with a mean age of 36 with an average of about 11 years of foodservice industry experiences. The results indicated that employees are usually not influenced of other managers or coworker’s approval or disapproval of their behavior. Rather, their behavior is guided by an innate motivation for moral consideration and ethical reasoning. The data further indicated that participants experience injunctive (subjective) norms, but more from a retrospective formation, rather than a forward-looking expectance regarding food safety practices. Intrinsic motivation should be an important antecedent to form normative beliefs of food safety-related behaviors. The findings of the study results challenge the previous understanding of path directions regarding normative pressure. Limitations and future studies related to maximize food safety behavioral intentions were discussed.
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Keralavarma, Shyam Mohan. "A Contribution to the Modeling of Metal Plasticity and Fracture: From Continuum to Discrete Descriptions." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10342.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this dissertation is to further the understanding of inelastic behavior in metallic materials. Despite the increasing use of polymeric composites in aircraft structures, high specific strength metals continue to be used in key components such as airframe, fuselage, wings, landing gear and hot engine parts. Design of metallic structures subjected to thermomechanical extremes in aerospace, automotive and nuclear applications requires consideration of the plasticity, creep and fracture behavior of these materials. Consideration of inelasticity and damage processes is also important in the design of metallic components used in functional applications such as thin films, flexible electronics and micro electro mechanical systems.
Fracture mechanics has been largely successful in modeling damage and failure phenomena in a host of engineering materials. In the context of ductile metals, the Gurson void growth model remains one of the most successful and widely used models. However, some well documented limitations of the model in quantitative prediction of the fracture strains and failure modes at low triaxialities may be traceable to the limited representation of the damage microstructure in the model. In the first part of this dissertation, we develop an extended continuum model of void growth that takes into account details of the material microstructure such as the texture of the plastically deforming matrix and the evolution of the void shape. The need for such an extension is motivated by a detailed investigation of the effects of the two types of anisotropy on the materials' effective response using finite element analysis. The model is derived using the Hill-Mandel homogenization theory and an approximate limit analysis of a porous representative volume element. Comparisons with several numerical studies are presented towards a partial validation of the analytical model.
Inelastic phenomena such as plasticity and creep result from the collective behavior of a large number of nano and micro scale defects such as dislocations, vacancies and grain boundaries. Continuum models relate macroscopically observable quantities such as stress and strain by coarse graining the discrete defect microstructure. While continuum models provide a good approximation for the effective behavior of bulk materials, several deviations have been observed in experiments at small scales such as an intrinsic size dependence of the material strength. Discrete dislocation dynamics (DD) is a mesoscale method for obtaining the mechanical response of a material by direct simulation of the motion and interactions of dislocations. The model incorporates an intrinsic length scale in the dislocation Burgers vector and potentially allows for size dependent mechanical behavior to emerge naturally from the dynamics of the dislocation ensemble. In the second part of this dissertation, a simplified two dimensional DD model is employed to study several phenomena of practical interest such as strain hardening under homogeneous deformation, growth of microvoids in a crystalline matrix and creep of single crystals at elevated temperatures. These studies have been enabled by several recent enhancements to the existing two-dimensional DD framework described in Chapter V.
The main contributions from this research are: (i) development of a fully anisotropic continuum model of void growth for use in ductile fracture simulations and (ii) enhancing the capabilities of an existing two-dimensional DD framework for large scale simulations in complex domains and at elevated temperatures.
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Cleveland, Thomas. "Application of valence bond principles to the descriptions of main group and transition metal shapes." 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39294244.html.
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Chen, Pei-Chian, and 陳珮芊. "A Descriptive Research on Applying The MEAT to Government Procurement of Information Services." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63188546485473279206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士真理大學
企業管理學系碩士班
103
This study aims to explore decision paths based on pricing by the most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) to government procurement of information services. Today, the government encourages affiliated agencies to adopt the MEAT criterion without setting a government estimate (i.e. payment of fixed price) for procurement of professional services, technical services, and information services. However, we discover that reality does not meet expectations. This paper will provide a description of conflicts frequently encountered during the government procurement of information services which adopts MEAT criterion with a set government estimate (i.e. payment of non-fixed price or cost) through literature review, providing readers with an overview of laws and regulations and analysis of the current situation, as well as actual cases. It will also explore the possible causes of the difference between the institutional aspect and actual implementation of MEAT regulations. Through the analysis of data, the study will highlight an interesting phenomenon occurring in the decision path based on pricing by MEAT to the government procurement of information services. The tenderer could submit a bid with an amount that is lower than the budget after determining the factors which maximize the advantage for both parties based on the budget amount, and use it as a fixed price. Doing so makes it possible to provide a product which meets the government’s requirement while allowing the deal to remain profitable for the bidder. Hopefully, the findings of this paper will inspire the government to adopt MEAT criterion without setting a government estimate for the procurement of information services.
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Santos, Abel Dias dos. "Tool descriptions and contact strategies used in the static explicit FEM code ITAS3D for simulation of 3-D sheet metal forming processes." Tese, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/11599.
Повний текст джерела
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Santos, Abel Dias dos. "Tool descriptions and contact strategies used in the static explicit FEM code ITAS3D for simulation of 3-D sheet metal forming processes." Doctoral thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/11599.
Повний текст джерела
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Schmitt, Miriam. "Microscopic description of magnetic model compounds: from one-dimensional magnetic insulators to three-dimensional itinerant metals." Doctoral thesis, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26827.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solid state physics comprises many interesting physical phenomena driven by the complex interplay of the crystal structure, magnetic and orbital degrees of freedom, quantum fluctuations and correlation. The discovery of materials which exhibit exotic phenomena like low dimensional magnetism, superconductivity, thermoelectricity or multiferroic behavior leads to various applications which even directly influence our daily live. For such technical applications and the purposive modification of materials, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms in solids is a precondition. Nowadays DFT based band structure programs become broadly available with the possibility to calculate systems with several hundreds of atoms in reasonable time scales and high accuracy using standard computers due to the rapid technical and conceptional development in the last decades. These improvements allow to study physical properties of solids from their crystal structure and support the search for underlying mechanisms of different phenomena from microscopic grounds.
This thesis focuses on the theoretical description of low dimensional magnets and intermetallic compounds. We combine DFT based electronic structure and model calculations to develop the magnetic properties of the compounds from microscopic grounds. The developed, intuitive pictures were challenged by model simulations with various experiments, probing microscopic and macroscopic properties, such as thermodynamic measurements, high field magnetization, nuclear magnetic resonance or electron spin resonance experiments. This combined approach allows to investigate the close interplay of the crystal structure and the magnetic properties of complex materials in close collaboration with experimentalists. In turn, the systematic variation of intrinsic parameters by substitution or of extrinsic factors, like magnetic field, temperature or pressure is an efficient way to probe the derived models. Especially pressure allows a continuous change of the crystal structure on a rather large energy scale without the chemical complexity of substitution, thus being an ideal tool to consistently alter the electronic structure in a controlled way. Our theoretical results not only provide reliable descriptions of real materials, exhibiting disorder, partial site occupation and/or strong correlations, but also predict fascinating phenomena upon extreme conditions. In parts this theoretical predictions were already confirmed by own experiments on large scale facilities.
Whereas in the first part of this work the main purpose was to develop reliable magnetic models of low dimensional magnets, in the second part we unraveled the underlying mechanism for different phase transitions upon pressure. In more detail, the first part of this thesis is focused on the magnetic ground states of spin 1/2 transition metal compounds which show fascinating phase diagrams with many unusual ground states, including various types of magnetic order, like helical states exhibiting different pitch angles, driven by the intimate interplay of structural details and quantum fluctuations. The exact arrangement and the connection of the magnetically active building blocks within these materials determine the hybridization, orbital occupation, and orbital orientation, this way altering the exchange paths and strengths of magnetic interaction within the system and consequently being crucial for the formation of the respective ground states. The spin 1/2 transition metal compounds, which have been investigated in this work, illustrate the great variety of exciting phenomena fueling the huge interest in this class of materials.
We focused on cuprates with magnetically active CuO4 plaquettes, mainly arranged into edge sharing geometries. The influence of structural peculiarities, as distortion, folding, changed bonding angles, substitution or exchanged ligands has been studied with respect to their relevance for the magnetic ground state. Besides the detailed description of the magnetic ground states of selected compounds, we attempted to unravel the origin for the formation of a particular magnetic ground state by deriving general trends and relations for this class of compounds. The details of the treatment of the correlation and influence of structural peculiarities like distortion or the bond angles are evaluated carefully.
In the second part of this work we presented the results of joint theoretical and experimental studies for intermetallic compounds, all exhibiting an isostructural phase transition upon pressure. Many different driving forces for such phase transitions are known like quantum fluctuations, valence instabilities or magnetic ordering. The combination of extensive computational studies and high pressure XRD, XAS and XMCD experiments using synchrotron radiation reveals completely different underlying mechanism for the onset of the phase transitions in YCo5, SrFe2As2 and EuPd3Bx.
This thesis demonstrates on a series of complex compounds that the combination of ab-initio electronic structure calculations with numerical simulations and with various experimental techniques is an extremely powerful tool for a successful description of the intriguing quantum phenomena in solids. This approach is able to reduce the complex behavior of real materials to simple but appropriate models, this way providing a deep understanding for the underlying mechanisms and an intuitive picture for many phenomena. In addition, the close interaction of theory and experiment stimulates the improvement and refinement of the methods in both areas, pioneering the grounds for more and more precise descriptions. Further pushing the limits of these mighty techniques will not only be a precondition for the success of fundamental research at the frontier between physics and chemistry, but also enables an advanced material design on computational grounds.:Contents
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Electronic structure and magnetic models for real compounds
2.1.1. Describing a solid
2.1.2. Basic exchange and correlation functionals
2.1.3. Strong correlations
2.1.4. Band structure codes
2.1.5. Disorder and vacancies
2.1.6. Models on top of DFT
2.2. X-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption at extreme conditions
2.2.1. Diamond anvil cells
2.2.2. ID09 - XRD under pressure
2.2.3. ID24 - XAS and XMCD under pressure
3. Low dimensional magnets
3.1. Materials
3.1.1 AgCuVO4 - a model compound between two archetypes of Cu-O chains
3.1.2 Li2ZrCuO4 - in close vicinity to a quantum critical point
3.1.3 PbCuSO4(OH)2 -magnetic exchange ruled by H
3.1.4 CuCl2 and CuBr2 - flipping magnetic orbitals by crystal water
3.1.5 Na3Cu2SbO6 and Na2Cu2TeO6 - alternating chain systems
3.1.6 Cu2(PO3)2CH2 - magnetic vs. structural dimers
3.1.7 Cu2PO4OH - orbital order between dimers and chains
3.1.8 A2CuEO6 - an new family of spin 1/2 square lattice compounds
3.2. General trends and relations
3.2.1. Approximation for the treatment of strong correlation
3.2.2. Structural elements
4. Magnetic intermetallic compounds under extreme conditions 115
4.1. Itinerant magnets
4.1.1. YCo5 - a direct proof for a magneto elastic transition by XMCD
4.1.2. SrFe2As2 - symmetry-preserving lattice collapse
4.2. Localized magnets
4.2.1. EuPd3Bx - valence transition under doping and pressure
5. Summary and outlook
A. Technical details
B. Crystal Structures
C. Supporting Material
Bibliography
List of Publications
Acknowledgments
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Bachand, Nicholas. "Étude descriptive de la consommation et de la contamination bactérienne de gibier en zone urbaine au Gabon." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9932.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Une exposition aux viandes comporte un risque pour la santé, et les maladies transmises par ces viandes causent un fardeau important mondialement. En Afrique centrale, le gibier est une viande communément consommée en zone urbaine. L’absence d’information sur le niveau de consommation de gibier, ainsi que sur sa contamination, limite l’évaluation des risques sanitaires associés au gibier. Une étude transversale a visé la description du niveau de consommation des viandes parmi 205 ménages de Port-Gentil (Gabon), ainsi que certains déterminants de la consommation de ces viandes. Une seconde étude transversale a quantifié la contamination musculaire de gibier vendu à Port-Gentil par Salmonella, Campylobacter et Shigella. Sur une base de trois jours, 86% des ménages ont consommé de la volaille, 84% du poisson, 44% du bœuf, 25% du porc et 24% du gibier. La consommation de gibier fut plus fréquente le dimanche et parmi les ménages à revenu élevé. Le gibier fut principalement acquis en carcasse entière sans conservation particulière, mais toujours consommé bouilli. Des trois bactéries ciblées, seule Salmonella a été isolée parmi un de 128 échantillons de gibier. Ces études fournissent des informations utiles pour mieux comprendre les facteurs de risque pour la santé associés à la consommation de viandes au Gabon. Des études sur la contamination des viandes, notamment celles des carcasses de gibier, seront nécessaires pour mieux apprécier les risques spécifiques à chaque différente bactérie pathogène.Meat poses some risks to human health and meat-borne diseases constitute a high burden worldwide. In central Africa, bushmeat is commonly consumed in the urban setting. A lack of information on bushmeat consumption and contamination limits the evaluation of risks to human health linked to bushmeat. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 205 households of Port-Gentil (Gabon) to quantify relative consumption levels of different meat types and to explore certain determinants of meat consumption. A separate cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter, Salmonella and Shigella within bushmeat sold in markets of Port-Gentil. Based on a three-day recall period, 86% of household consumed poultry compared to 84% for fish, 44% for beef, 25% for pork and 24% for bushmeat. Bushmeat consumption was more important on Sundays and within high monthly income households. Most bushmeat was acquired as whole carcasses without formal meat conservation methods, but all bushmeat was boiled prior to consumption. One Salmonella was detected among one of 128 bushmeat samples, whereas no Campylobacter or Shigella were detected. This study provides useful information to help better understand risk factors associated with the consumption of bushmeat in Gabon. Further studies on bacterial contamination of meat, including bushmeat carcasses, are required to better understand potential health risks specific to different bacterial pathogens.