Дисертації з теми "Mesure interne"
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Outini, Mehdi. "Mesure de la cinématique interne des galaxies en spectroscopie sans fente." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1205/document.
Повний текст джерелаSlitless spectroscopy has long been considered as a complicated and confused technique because of its self- and cross-confusion effets. However, since the era of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) instruments which offer a low background and fine spatial resolution, slitless spectroscopy has become an adopted cosmological survey tool to study galaxy evolution from space. Within this context, we investigate its application to single object studies. In recent surveys, the spectra analysis is usually done using backward extraction which mixes spatial and spectral properties and therefore does not take into account self-confusion effect. The goals of this PhD is firstly to include this effect which degrades the effective spectral resolution (which depends on the extent of the source), in order to make the redshift and other integrated spectral features measure- ments more accurate. We also explore the feasibility to measure spatially resolved quantities such as galaxy kinematics. We build a complete forward model to be quantitatively compared to actual slitless observations. The model is tested on selected observations from 3D-HST and GLASS surveys, to estimate redshift and kinematic parameters (modeling the galaxy rotation curve) on several galaxies mea- sured with one or more roll angles. Our forward approach allows to mitigate self-confusion effect, and therefore to increase the precision of redshift measurements. In a sub-sample of well-resolved spiral galaxies from HST surveys, it is possible to significantly constrain galaxy rotation curve pa- rameters. We also study the systematics effects induced by the hypothesis of our model by building slitless simulations with the data of the integral field spectrograph survey MaNGA. These simu- lations suggest that the precise measurement of the kinematics parameters is difficult for most of the current slitless observations. Nethertheless, they point out that this forward model contrains significantly well the redshift. Finally, this work is promising for future large slitless spectroscopic surveys such as Euclid
Ould-Rouis, Meryem. "Intermittence interne pour un scalaire passif en turbulence pleinement développée." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22068.
Повний текст джерелаFLEURY-CANET, ISABELLE. "Thermographie infrarouge de la chambre interne de Tore Supra : mesure et interprétation." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11283.
Повний текст джерелаDridi, Walid. "Mesure de la section efficace de capture neutronique de l’234U à n_TOF au CERN pour les réacteurs nucléaires de Génération VI." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2006/Interne/2006EVRY0017.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAccurate and reliable neutron capture cross sections are needed in many research areas, including stellar nucleosynthesis, advanced nuclear fuel cycles, waste transmutation, and other applied programs. In particular, the accurate knowledge of 234U(n,γ) reaction cross section is required for the design and realization of nuclear power plants based on the thorium fuel cycle. We have measured the neutron capture cross section of 234U, with a 4π BaF2 Total Absorption Calorimeter (TAC), at the recently constructed neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN in the energy range from 0. 03 eV to 1 MeV. Monte-Carlo simulations with GEANT4 and MCNPX of the detector response have been performed. After the background subtraction and correction with dead time and pile-up, the capture yield from 0. 03 eV up to 2 keV was derived. The analysis of the capture yield in terms of R-matrix resonance parameters is discussed. In addition to the resonance parameters, a study of their mean value and distribution is included in this work
Daleau, Pascal. "Une méthode de mesure de la résistivité interne des fibres de purkinje : applications fondamentale et pharmacologique." Poitiers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990POIT2315.
Повний текст джерелаMasmoudi, Jalel. "Etude par mesure de l'amortissement interne, des aciers inoxydables ferritiques a 17% de chrome, a faibles teneurs en elements interstitiels stabilises au titane." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066341.
Повний текст джерелаChemingui, Makram. "Conceptualisation et validation d'une échelle de mesure de la qualité des travaux d'audit externe et interne : application selon la démarche du paradigme de Churchill." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA0001.
Повний текст джерелаThe traditional approach of audit quality is today unable to allow a real evaluation of the adequacy of the audit tasks realized. We believe that the control of audit quality must now repose on the adequacy of the audit programs to the risks facing the firm. The main aim of this thesis is to develop scales, for measuring internal and external audit tasks, which will enable to experiment this new evaluation approach. By considering only the "contractualist" vision of the firm, the design and validation of measurement scales are realised within the framework of an experimental protocol according to Churchill's paradigm. This approach has confirmed the reliability and validity of the majority of the scales obtained, by linking up two distinctive phases: quantitative phases based on two research questionnaires (141 respondents) and qualitative phases based on interviews with audit experts
Choi, Won Jong. "Variation de structure du polycarbonate vitreux pendant l'essai de traction observe par mesure du module d'young et du frottement interne." Poitiers, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986POIT2280.
Повний текст джерелаRakotomanana, Charles Rodin. "Caractérisation mécanique d'un matériau composite carbone-époxy à l'aide d'un dispositif de torsion résonante spécifique à la mesure de l'amortissement interne." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10588.
Повний текст джерелаPrioul, Claude. "Influence d'un changement en hydrogène sur les évolutions structurales d'alliages Fe-Ni-C, étudiées entre 4,2 et 300k par mesure du frottement intérieur." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112131.
Повний текст джерелаThe martensitic transformation developing in the 225-4. 2K temperature range is characterized, using the internal friction technique, in Fe-Ni-C alloys doped with hydrogen. Furthermore, a study of carbon and/or hydrogen rearrangement in virgin martensite is presented. Hydrogen and carbon are shown to induce similar effects on the different martensitic transformation modes (burst, athermal and isothermal): a stabilization of the ɣ phase, as well as a strengthening of the lattice against the shear transformation? When reheating virgin martensite in the 4. 2-300K temperature range, two relaxation processes are observed for 1. 5 Hz experiments: - the first one, at 150K, has been associated to a hydrogen-dislocations interaction. – The second one, at 250K, is interpreted in terms of a SNOEK like relaxation resulting from reversible carbon redistribution in the screw dislocation stress field
Beaumont, Tiffany. "Apport de l'impression 3D pour la réalisation de familles de fantômes d'étalonnage dédiés à la personnalisation de la mesure en dosimétrie interne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS283/document.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing the incorporation of radionuclides in the body, quantitative imaging in nuclear medicine and in vivo spectrometry measurements are used to quantify the retained activity. The calibration of these in vivo systems can be improved to take account of individual variability. To optimize the measurements of the activity retained, innovative calibration phantoms were created and manufactured by 3D printing. 3D computer graphics were used for the design, coupled with an engineering work allowing the inclusion of radionuclides and the fit to users’ needs. A set of age-specific thyroid phantoms has been developed and used to improve the thyroid in vivo measurement of children. Following a systematic study, the calibration coefficients for IRSN emergency and routine installations were determined for adults and 5, 10 and 15 year old children. A pathological thyroid phantom has been developed in addition to the set of thyroid phantoms dedicated to the emergency to improve the thyroid uptake measurement in nuclear medicine. A multicentre study was carried out to optimize the calibration so that treatment of thyroid benign diseases moves towards a better personalization. For lung in vivo measurement, a set of breast phantoms has been developed to improve the monitoring of female workers. Finally, this research work has allowed developing several phantoms adapted to the needs and their usefulness was proven for the quantification of the activity in internal dosimetry
Taccola-Lapierre, Sylvie Gilles Philippe. "Le Dispositif prudentiel Bâle II, autoévaluation et contrôle interne Une application au cas français /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348300/fr.
Повний текст джерелаGeoffray, Marie-Maude. "Mesure de l’efficacité clinique d’une intervention précoce dans une population d’enfants avec un Trouble du Spectre de l’Autisme : validité interne et externe du résultat." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1134.
Повний текст джерелаEarly intervention in order to decrease the severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder has come to be self-evident . However, there is no consensus on the type of early intervention, as we have previously shown in a literature review . Some interventions have shown weak to moderate effects in randomized controlled trials. But many methodological biases call into question the validity of those results. We have chosen to implement and evaluate the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) at our intervention center. Our hypothesis was that ESDM intervention will diminish the severity of ASD symptoms in children under 3 years old. In our pilot study, we evaluated the effect of a 12 hours per week ESDM intervention, during one year, in a population of 19 children with ASD. The primary measure was the global development, measured by the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Our results show a significant improvement in global development pre/post intervention. Effect size in receptive language was the most important with a Cohen’s d of 0.72. These results are comparable to those of previous published studies. This trial enabled also to data collection on the feasibility of implementing this intervention in our context. Most parents and professionals were satisfied of the intervention. Treatment adherence was of 8.3±1.2 hours per week instead of 12 hours per week during the pilot study. This reduction of intervention dose was largely due to absences (holidays, training) of the professionals delivering the intervention. We discuss here the choice of criteria for the measure of effectiveness of the intervention. This choice was difficult due to the lack of tools measuring precisely the change in ASD symptomatology. To test our hypothesis, a two-parallel, multi-center randomized controlled trial was set up. The experimental group received ESDM intervention, delivered by a multidisciplinary team, 12 hours per week, during the 2 years. The control group received treatment as usual. The protocol has been published. The trial was design to have high power and high-level evidences as defined by the Cochrane recommendations. In order to achieve this, we estimated the simple size for our population from a 15 points difference between the groups on the Mullen scale, an alpha risk of 0.5 and a beta risk at 90%. As we were limited by the number of availabilities for ESDM intervention, we used 1:2 randomization. The inclusion phase ended in March 2019. 61 children were included to the ESDM group and 119 children to the control group. We discuss the internal and external validity, as well as the clinical relevance according to the possible outcomes. If outcomes show effectiveness of the intervention, a cost-consequence study will allow us to measure the efficiency of this treatment. A follow-up study has also started and will measure the effectiveness of ESDM intervention on ASD symptomatology and academic achievements five year after initial inclusion. It is evidently essential to measure the long-term effectiveness and efficiency of early interventions; however, intervention research must also collect other measures and observations. Thus, determine mediators and moderators of the intervention will make it possible to move towards personalized interventions, aiming specifically the physiological processes involved in ASD. Better understanding of these factors, and of all potential barriers or facilitators to the transfer in other contexts, will allow us to develop transferable and sustainable interventions. We will conclude on the importance of pilot studies to estimate the different factors involved. This may allow for modification of the initial intervention if necessary, prior to conducting costly effectiveness or efficiency trial. We also stress the importance of involving clinicians in research. Their practical experience of evaluation and intervention allow the formulation of hypotheses and bring complementary data to that of researchers
Saidi, Mohamed. "Mesure et analyse de l'état de déformation et d'endommagement interne dans les composites à matrice cimentaire utilisés pour le renforcement des structures de génie civil." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1092.
Повний текст джерелаDue to their mechanical, environmental and aesthetic compatibility, textile reinforced cementitious matrix composites are used on a large scale for rehabilitation and reinforcement of the built heritage and civil engineering structures. Under the effect of mechanical or environmental loads, the phenomena of interaction and damage between the textile reinforcement and the cementitious matrix are more complex than in the case of polymer matrix composites. These are mainly related to the cracking behaviour of the composite, the fragile nature of the matrix and the behaviour of the reinforcement/matrix bond. In particular, knowledge and understanding of the load transfer mechanisms at the reinforcement/matrix interface and crack initiation remain a major scientific challenge.Conventional measurement techniques used to characterise the mechanical behaviour of cementitious matrix composites (mechanical extensometers, digital image correlation, etc.) are able to provide information on the strain and stress state at the surface of a tested specimen. The different mechanisms of internal forces and degradation of the components (reinforcement, matrix, interface) are deduced using approaches of continuum and fracture mechanics.In this context, this work aims at implementing and adapting a measurement system that can be integrated into the core of composites: distributed optical fibre sensors. In order to check its reliability, this measurement technique is coupled with classical extensometer technics such as strain gauges implemented on the surface of the composites and digital image correlation. The main objective is to analyse more precisely the mechanical parameters at the micro scale and the load transfer mechanisms, crack initiation and propagation as well as damage mechanisms. On the basis of uni-axial tensile tests, coupled with the chosen instrumentation, a methodology for identifying local laws of reinforcement/matrix interaction is implemented. The aim of the thesis work is, using these local laws, to determine the micro-mechanical parameters of the composite (load transfer length, shear stress at the reinforcement/matrix interface, etc.) and to establish parameters characteristic of the local and global behaviour (cracking pattern and crack opening, damage indicators, constitutive equations, etc.). Nine configurations are tested and analysed in this work: two types of matrix, two types of textile reinforcement and three reinforcement ratios. The adaptation of the experimental protocol and the reliability of the results obtained are validated. The global and local behaviour of the composite, matrix, textile and their interface are measured and analysed. Load transfer length, shear stress at the textile/matrix interface, interface damage and crack opening are quantified and discussed. The effects of reinforcement ratio, matrix and textile type, mechanical and geometrical parameters of the composite on its mechanical tensile response are identified and evaluated. These results are used for the refinement and/or development of mechanical models of the stiffness and fracture behaviour of textile and cement-matrix reinforced composites
Othmane, Jamel. "L'employabilité : définition, création d'une échelle de mesure et contribution à l'étude des déterminants." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30022/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince the 90s, employability has become an object of research. However, despite of its relevance this theme is less studied. This thesis is the result of this statement with the aims to propose a definition of employability and determine its dimensions, to develop a measuring scale of the concept, and to identify its determinants. On the basis of theoretical arguments and conclusions extracted from an exploratory study undertaken with actors of employment, a definition of employability was proposed and its determinants were précised. Then, a questionnaire including 62 items is created. In order to evaluate its quality, firstly the questionnaire was subjected to an exploratory factorial analysis and internal coherence tests. And secondly we have consolidated the exploratory factorial structure through confirmatory factor analysis. The final scale developed includes 42 items divided into six dimensions. In additions, thanks to an examination of literature, we built a theoretical model of employability development. This model simultaneously incorporates determinants about organizational, personal, and socio-Demographical variables. The empirical test of the model was performed in the third and final quantitative study with a heterogeneous population working in different companies (N=214). The results obtained show that training, organizational learning, the support of hierarchical superior, the self-Efficacy, and the internal locus of control are factor facilitating the development of employability. The diploma, the professional experience, the family situation, and the health also appeared to explain employability
Taccola-Lapierre, Sylvie. "Le dispositif prudentiel Bâle II, autoévaluation et contrôle interne : une application au cas français." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348300.
Повний текст джерелаPEREZ, LOPEZ JOSE ELINS. "Etude de la structure interne de particules de latex par transfert d'energie de fluorescence et modelisation de l'aplanissement de film de latex mesure par microscopie a force atomique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13225.
Повний текст джерелаSouche, Jean-Claude. "Etude du retrait plastique des bétons à base de granulats recyclés avec mesure de l'influence de leur degré de saturation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS097/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of sustainable development, the reuse of construction and demolition waste is necessary to conserve nonrenewable natural aggregate resources, so recycled aggregates are introduced in concrete mix design. This is the aim of the national projet RECYBETON and the research project ECOREB. This study deals with the fresh concrete and more specifically with shrinkage control and the effects of the initial saturation degrees of recycled coarse aggregates on concrete behavior.Two concrete families, with two different water/cement ratios 0,60 and 0,45, are tested under endogenous and drying (wind speed equal to 8 m/s) conditions. Each concrete family contains a reference natural concrete and two recycled concretes. The initial saturation degree is the difference between them (recycled coarse aggregates saturated or semi saturated).Experimental results underline the capacity of non-saturated aggregates to quickly absorb water from cement paste, modifying the W/C ratio, rheological properties of the fresh concrete and the mechanical strength (at 28 days) of recycled concretes. After saturation in water, recycled aggregates can release water into the cement paste if the undergone drying conditions lead to a lack of water in the cement matrix. The recycled coarse aggregates can be seen as an internal curing potential.Experimental plastic shrinkage studies carried out under drying conditions highlight a link between bleeding, capillary pressure, plastic shrinkage and cracking. It should be pointed out that the initial cracking is dependent on the total quantity of water in the concrete and on its bleeding capacity. The opening cracks vary with the plastic shrinkage values measured during the test. The analysis of the results emphasize that the capillary pressure is the determining parameter and that the air entry value matches the cracks. The major behavior differences are found between concretes with different volumes of water rather than between natural and recycled concretes.Finally, the analysis of all the experimental results have allowed concrete modelling and understanding why concretes do not behave in the same way. When it cracks, the air come in the biggest pores of the concrete paste. Moreover, a hygrothermal coupling exists between the drying and the temperature in concrete. It can affect hydration start up
Connesson, Nathanaël. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement thermomécanique de matériaux métalliques." Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0016.
Повний текст джерелаThermomechanical measurements are some-times performed to estimate fatigue limits and other mechanical properties of materials. How-ever, these empirical methods lack physical justification. What are the physical phenomena causing materials self-heating? What information can be obtained through thermal measurements? The aim of this work is to provide answers to theses questions. A precise dissipative energy measurement method (fields or spatially averaged dissipative energy) has been developed. A method to measure the plastic work per cycle (loading in tension-tension) has also been proposed. The thermomechanical characteristics of four materials (aluminum, ferritic steel, stainless steel and dual-phase steel) have then been studied. Much experimental data have been generated during this work, studying the energy behaviour of these materials during strain-hardening process (the aim was to establish an energy balance cycle by cycle) or simply studying the main characteristics of these materials dissipative energy in viscoelastic behaviour. Thus, the dissipative energy was usually proved insensitive to the strain rate, increased with the applied maximum stress, increased with plastic strain, was aging depend, etc. Theses experimental data could be used to feed mathematical models
Rodriguez, Samuel. "Phénomènes ondulatoires dans les lignes d'admission d'air et leur influence sur les performances des moteurs à combustion interne." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30094.
Повний текст джерелаThe pressure wave generated by the moving of the piston during the intake stroke of an internal combustion engine propagates in the duct carrying cool gases and comes back to the cylinder by reflections. Acoustic phenomena can increase the amount of air trapped in the engine by 30% and so its performances. Acoustic propagation in ducts carrying a turbulent flow is modelled in one and three dimensions. The input impedance is calculated and compared to the results of a new measurement procedure with steady flows up to Mach number M=0. 15. A new method for measuring transfer matrices without flow has also been developed. Its results agree well with theory. The effect of acoustic properties of intake systems in the amount of air trapped in a one cylinder engine is modelled as a non-linear coupling of the combustion chamber with the input impedance, by a mechanical analogy. The acoustic pressures computed agree fairly well with the pressures measured in two different intake systems of a one-cylinder cold engine. The link between the acoustic properties of the intake duct expressed in the frequency domain alone and the volumetric efficiency of a cylinder has been quantified on a large range of running speed for the first time. In a multi-cylinder engine, the timing difference between intake strokes produces interferences in the intake system. The calculated impedance matrix and the study of phase explain a performance difference between cylinders that occurs in a turbocharged engine
Daher, Petra. "Analyse spatio-temporelle des structures à grande échelle dans les écoulements confinés : cas de l'aérodynamique interne dans un moteur à allumage commandé." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR100/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe unsteady evolution of three-dimensional large scale flow structures can often lead to a decrease in the performance of energetic systems. This is the case of cycle-to-cycle variations occurring in the internal combustion engine. Despite the substantial advancement made by numerical simulations in fluid mechanics, experimental measurements remain a requirement to validate any numerical model of a physical process. In this thesis, two types of particle image velocimetry (PIV) were applied and adapted to the optical engine test bench of the Coria laboratory in order to study the in-cylinder flow with respect to six operating conditions. First, the Time-Resolved PIV (2D2C) allowed obtaining a temporal tracking of the in-cylinder flow and identifying cyclic variabilities. Then tomographic PIV (3D3C) allowed extending the measured data to the three-dimensional domain. The Tomo-PIV setup consisted of 4 cameras in angular positioning, visualizing a confined environment with restricted optical access and important optical deformations. This required a particular attention regarding the 3D calibration process of camera models. 2D and 3D conditional analyses of the flow were performed using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) allowing to separate the different scales of flow structures and the Γ criterion allowing the identification of vortices centres
Mauger, François. "Etude du bruit de fond de la double-desintegration beta sans emission de neutrino dans le detecteur nemo 2 : contribution du radon ambiant et mesure de la pollution interne de la source en bismuth-214." Caen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CAEN2005.
Повний текст джерелаVo, Thi Phuong Nga. "Impact de la nouvelle réglementation de Bâle sur la tarification du crédit : application à la banque de détail." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE0508.
Повний текст джерелаDuca, Dumitru. "Physico-chemical characterization of size-selected internal combustion engine nanoparticles and original method for measuring adsorption energies on carbonaceous surfaces by laser mass spectrometry." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R019.
Повний текст джерелаEmission of carbonaceous aerosols by combustion-powered ground transport vehicles has a major impact on both global climate and human health. Intensive research efforts are dedicated to the development of robust procedures able to reliably measure particles as small as 10 nm in real-driving conditions, as current European Union regulations are limited to 23 nm. Within the H2020 PEMS4Nano project, we performed detailed physico-chemical characterization of size-selected particulate matter emitted by a gasoline direct injection engine. This included chemical characterization performed with mass spectrometry as well as structural/morphology data obtained with electron and atomic force microscopy together with Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. In addition, to gain insight into the interaction between the carbonaceous surface and adsorbed compounds, a novel laser-based method for determining the adsorption energy of chemical species on carbonaceous surfaces was developed
Lassoued, Imed. "Adaptive monitoring and management of Internet traffic." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4110.
Повний текст джерелаTraffic measurement allows network operators to achieve several purposes such as traffic engineering, network resources provisioning and management, accounting and anomaly detection. However, existing solutions suffer from different problems namely the problem of scalability to high speeds, the problem of detecting changes in network conditions, and the problem of missing meaningful information in the traffic. The main consequence of this trend is an inherent disagreement between existing monitoring solutions and the increasing needs of management applications. Hence, increasing monitoring capabilities presents one of the most challenging issues and an enormous undertaking in a large network. This challenge becomes increasingly difficult to meet with the remarkable growth of the Internet infrastructure, the increasing heterogeneity of user’s behaviour and the emergence of a wide variety of network applications. In this context, we present the design of an adaptive centralized architecture that provides visibility over the entire network through a net-work-wide cognitive monitoring system. We consider the following important requirements in the design of our network-wide monitoring system. The first underscores the fact that the vendors do not want to implement sophisticated sampling schemes that give good results under certain circumstances. They want to implement simple and robust solutions that are well described by some form of a standard (i. E. SFlow, NetFlow). Thus, we decide to design a new solution that deals with existing monitoring techniques and tries to coordinate responsibilities between the different monitors in order to improve the overall accuracy. The second requirement stipulates that the monitoring system should provide general information of the entire network. To do so, we adopt a centralized approach that provides visibility over the entire network. Our system investigates the different local measurements and correlates their results in order to address the trade off between accuracy and monitoring constraints. Ands the last requirement indicates that the monitoring system should address the scalability problem and respect monitoring constraints. To this end, our system relies on a network configuration module hat provides a responsive solution able to detect changes in network conditions and adapt the different sampling rates to network state. At the same time it avoids unnecessary details and oscillations in the traffic in order to keep the resulting overhead within the desired bounds. The network reconfiguration module deals with local monitoring tools and adjusts automatically and periodically sampling rates in order to coordinate responsibilities and distribute the work between the different monitors
Goy, Laurent. "Mesure et modélisation des températures dans les massifs rocheux : application au projet de tunnel profond Maurienne-Ambin." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642650.
Повний текст джерелаPasquier-Guilbert, Nathalie. "Mesures couplées de richesse et de vitesse pour la combustion instationnaire en écoulement stratifié." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008850.
Повний текст джерелаBouhara, Ammar. "Etude theorique et experimentale de la mesure par thermocouples de la temperature dans un flux gazeux instationnaire : application aux gaz d'echappement d'un moteur." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066149.
Повний текст джерелаVan, Wichelen Koen. "Etude d'un magnétomètre vectoriel différentiel RPE pour application en puits de forage." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10244.
Повний текст джерелаChtourou, Mohamed-Saber. "Efficacité publicitaire sur internet : concept, mesure et antécédents." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32008.
Повний текст джерелаAdvertising still is one of the few revenue sources for companies operating on the Net, other sources being still in experimental stages. Than, many studies tried to understand how the internet can aid the advertiser to achieve its communication goals. The present dissertation tries to contribute to this research trend. The author distinguish the "internet advertising" such banners from the other means of internet communication, because the lasts does not fellow the same mechanisms of action. First part of the dissertation was devoted to the definition of the area of the internet ad effectiveness and to relate it to the literature of the advertising effectiveness on other media. A general conceptual model is proposed. Than the author presents a literature review about the effect of frequency, ad size, image presence, animation, involvement, urge perception and the overall attitude toward internet advertising effect on ad effectiveness. These effects were tested thru 3 different and complementary studies. Two of these studies were performed in collaboration with an Internet ad actor: Wanadoo Regie which allowed an access to an important sample. The third study was performed following a quasi experimental design. These studies led to several important findings: Picture presence is not necessarily an enhancer of advertising effectiveness, it tends to interact with ad size since the pictures seems to increase ad effectiveness only with large ads. Ad frequency seems to enhance the message memorization, it have an inverted u shape effect on the attitude toward the advertising. The saturation level depends both on the audience involvement and its overall attitude toward the internet advertising. Many research perspectives can be proposed with this dissertation especially the explanation of the animation effect
Desnault, Camille. "Mesure de la section efficace d'électroproduction de photons sur le neutron à Jefferson Lab en vue de la séparation du terme de diffusion Compton profondément virtuelle." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112163/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe photon electroproduction cross section off the nucleon is proportional to the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) and Bethe-Heitler amplitudes squared together with an interference term between these two processes. Its measurement on the neutron has been performed in the framework of the E08-025 experiment which took place in 2010 in Hall A at Jefferson Lab (USA). Thanks to a high sensibility to the interference term, it made possible the extraction of three Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) dependent observables, as well as the prospect to extract the |DVCS|² term through a Rosenbluth separation.The GPDs are structure functions which allow to understand the internal structure of nucleons in term of the correlation between transverse spatial and longitudinal momentum distributions of quarks inside the nucleon. More than a way to access a three-dimensional picture of the elementary arrangement of the nucleon, the measurement of GPDs on the neutron would give access by the Ji's sum rule to the angular momentum of quarks in the nucleon, the missing piece for the understanding of the nucleon spin puzzle.This thesis outlines the theoretical context of the measurement of the photon electroproduction cross section off the neutron, and the experimental setup used for its achievement. It describes the selection of the experimental data of interest for this measurement and presents the results obtained from a fitting method of data to a Monte Carlo simulation, which is explained in detail. Finally, a systematic study of the results completes this manuscript
Le, Guel Fabrice. "Analyse économique du comportement des internautes : mesure, adoption et usages." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN1G004.
Повний текст джерелаLecerf, Arnaud. "Développement de la PIV stéréoscopique : Application à l'étude de la propagation de flamme en milieu confiné." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES074.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation presents the development and the application of an optical diagnostic permitting to get an instantaneous cartography of the three components of velocity in a plan. This type of diagnostic is destined to a better understanding of greatly unstationary flows as those met in an industrial context (internal combustion engines, jets, flames). This method is based on a stereoscopic principle of imagery that, by cross-correlation of couples of particle pictures (PIV), permits to extract the 3D displacement of tracers in a flow inside a volume limited by the thickness of a laser sheet. In the first stage, tests have been driven on simple flows in order to validate our measurement technique and the whole developed system in real conditions. Our defined stereoscopic system in a configuration where the angle of view is limited, correctly describes a grid-turbulent flow and the big 3D structures (swirl typeflow). The application to the propagation of flame in a closed medium, showed that it is possible to consider some local studies on the behaviour of flame fronts (phenomena of delocalisation and convection). The characterization of a tumble-type flow illustrates the perspectives in the understanding of 3D movements of large scale organized structure. In turbulent flows met in engines, it is clear that the concept of swirl or tumble based on average measurements is not acceptable and the “average” data bases are not able to validate numerical results. It is therefore necessary to model the turbulent flows through its intensity and 3D structure shape as well as its instabilities met in every individual cycle
Rentenier, Arnaud. "Fragmentation de la molécule C60 par impact d'ions légers étudiée en multicorrélation, sections efficaces, spectroscopie d'électrons." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30043.
Повний текст джерелаA quantitative study of the C60 fullerene fragmentation in collision with light ions (Hn=1,2,3+, Heq=1,2+, in the velocity range 0,1 - 2,3 u. A. ) is presented. The multicorrelation developed between fragment ions and electrons with well defined energy, has enlightened some of the dependences and properties of fragmentation mechanisms (cross sections, electron spectroscopy, size distributions, kinetic energy of fragment ions, Campi's scatter plot, activation energies). The deposited energy hence appeared as an important parameter. Cross sections have been measured, for the first time, for all the collisionnal processes. Ionisation and capture only depends on the collision velocity. On the other hand, scaling laws with the deposited energy have been observed for the cross sections of multifragmentation, which depends on the collision energy and the nature of the projectile. The deposited energy has also been found as an essential parameter to understand the evolution of the charged fragment size distributions. .
Corbard, Thierry. "Inversion des mesures heliosismiques : la rotation interne du soleil." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE5237.
Повний текст джерелаBalduzzi, Marco. "Mesures automatisées de nouvelles menaces sur Internet." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENST0042.
Повний текст джерелаLn the last twenty years, the Internet has grown from a simple, small network to a complex, large-scale system. While the Internet was originally used to offer static content that was organized around simple websites, today, it provides both content and services (e. G. Chat, e-mail, web) as weil as the outsourcing of computation and applications (e. G. Cloud computing). Attackers are not indifferent to the evolution of the Internet. Often driven by a flourishing underground economy, attackers are constantly looking for vulnerabilities, misconfigurations and novel techniques to access protected and authorized systems, to steal private information, or to deliver malicious content. To date, not much research has been conducted to measure the importance and extent of these emerging Internet threats. Conventional detection techniques cannot easily scale to large scale installations, and novel methodologies are required to analyze and discover bugs and vulnerabilities in these complex systems. Ln this thesis, we advance the state-of-art in large scale testing and measurement of Internet threats. We research lnto three novel classes of security problems that affect Internet systems that experienced a fast surge in popularity (i. E. , ClickJacking, HTIP Parameter Pollution, and commercial cloud computing services that allow the outsourcing of server infrastructures). We introduce the tirst, large scale attempt to estimate the prevalence and relevance of these problems on the Internet
Bouet, Ségolène. "Analyses des risques de pathologies cancéreuses et non cancéreuses au sein de cohortes de travailleurs de l'uranium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS274.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, the assessment of the risks associated with the incorporation of radionuclides and the resulting development of radiological protection standards are mainly based on the results of the epidemiological monitoring of populations exposed to external ionizing radiation. The analogies and extrapolations used in this process are surrounded by uncertainties. In order to be able to evaluate the validity of the assumptions adopted in this context by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), it is necessary to conduct new epidemiological studies in populations exposed to internal emitters. This is particularly the case for uranium exposures, whose potential health effects remain poorly characterized. Moreover, while the carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation are established and increasingly well characterized, the hypothesis of an effect of low doses of ionizing radiation on the development of diseases of the circulatory system has been suggested recently, and requires to be evaluated thoroughly.The aim of this PhD thesis project is to improve the knowledge of the health effects of chronic internal exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation, particularly due to internal contamination by uranium, in support of the evaluation and if necessary to the consolidation of international radiation protection standards.The PhD thesis project includes three axes:- Analysis of mortality in a new cohort of 1,300 workers employed by uranium-milling companies, by comparison with the mortality of general French population by computing standardized mortality ratios.- Analysis of the association between dose (internal and external) and mortality from cancer and cardiovascular diseases in a cohort of 4,000 uranium workers: classical statistical analysis (frequentist) included detailed exploration of the impact of potential confounding factors rarely available in other cohorts of nuclear workers (e.g.: obesity, smoking, blood pressure)- Development of a Bayesian hierarchical approach allowing to account for uncertainties induced by the estimation of internal dose from radiotoxicological measurement that are strongly left-censored (i.e., lower than a threshold) in radiation-induced risk estimates, based on this dose
Breton, Anne-Laure. "Intérêt pronostique de l'impédancemétrie multi-fréquentielle (TEFLAG) après traumatisme sonore aigu par bruit d'arme." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M108.
Повний текст джерелаAzzana, Youssef. "Mesures de la topologie et du trafic Internet." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066594.
Повний текст джерелаRotenberg, Elie. "Une approche pour l'estimation fiable des propriétés de la topologie de l'internet." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066005/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis proposes a novel approach to reliably estimate properties of the Internet topology. Unlike historical approaches, based on declarative, hardly reliable data, or on readings from maps measured with diagnostic tools, our approach is to develop very reliable measure primitives, of which the operation, the hypotheses, and the results are well defined. Our first case study is the degree distribution of the logical topology, or L3. We use the traceroute tool, of which we study the operation, to derive a measurement primitive. This measurement primitive, which relies on using a distribution set of monitors over the network, allows us to get an estimation of the number of neighbors in L3 of a target core router. We use this primitive against a random sample of targets and obtain the sought distribution, and establish limits to this method. Our second case study is the degree distribution of the physical topology, or L2-L3. We use the UDP Ping tool, of which we study the operation, to derive a measurement primitive. It is alike the tool we used for the logical topology, but relies on much more clearly established and verified hypotheses, and is validated by very detailed simulations. We also include statistical guarantees of the sampling uniformity of the target core routers to the measurement protocol. We obtain an evaluation of the sought degree distribution, of an unprecedented reliability. We complete this case study by a complimentary study over the forwarding tables of the core routers. Finally, we picture the many perspectives opened by this approach, eg. By applying it to other types of networks (social networks, etc.)
Albert, Benoit. "Méthodes d'optimisation avancées pour la classification automatique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0005.
Повний текст джерелаIn data partitioning, the goal is to group objects based on their similarity. K-means is one of the most commonly used models, where each cluster is represented by its centroid. Objects are assigned to the nearest cluster based on a distance metric. The choice of this distance is crucial to account for the similarity between the data points. Opting for the Mahalanobis distance instead of the Euclidean distance enables the model to detect classes of ellipsoidal shape rather than just spherical ones. The use of this distance metric presents numerous opportunities but also raises new challenges explored in my thesis.The central objective is the optimization of models, particularly FCM-GK (a fuzzy variant of k-means), which is a non-convex problem. The idea is to achieve a higher-quality partitioning without creating a new model by applying more robust optimization methods. In this regard, we propose two approaches: ADMM (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers) and Nesterov's accelerated gradient method. Numerical experiments highlight the particular effectiveness of ADMM optimization, especially when the number of attributes in the dataset is significantly higher than the number of clusters.Incorporating the Mahalanobis distance into the model requires the introduction of an evaluation measure dedicated to partitions based on this distance. An extension of the Xie and Beni evaluation measure is proposed. This index serves as a tool to determine the optimal distance to use.Finally, the management of subsets in ECM (evidential variant) is addressed by determining the optimal imprecision zone. A new formulation of centroids and distances for subsets from clusters is introduced. Theoretical analyses and numerical experiments underscore the relevance of this new formulation
Moussou, Julien. "Caractérisation expérimentale du flux thermique transitoire pariétal pour différents modes de combustion." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0010/document.
Повний текст джерелаCO2 emissions in internal combustion engines are linked with inefficiencies due to wall heat losses during combustion.Those losses exhibit a sharp peak of a few MW/m2 close to top dead center and are linked to complex flame/wall interaction phenomena that vary with the combustion mode. A fine understanding of the associated phenomena requires experimental characterization of wall heat flux with a time resolution better than the millisecond. In this PhD work, a rapid compression machine and a precombustion cell are used to reproduce engine combustion phenomena. Thin-junction thermocouples allow an instantaneous measurement of the wall heat flux with a time resolution of 0.1 ms. Three combustion modes are generated: propagation flame, diffusion flame and auto-ignition.Different possible measurement technologies and procedures (thermocouples, thermoresistances and rapid phosphor thermometry) are compared and benchmarked against the features of combustion phenomena. Flux during wall heat transfer reaches values of a few MW/m2 and its shape varies with the combustion mode. During premixed flame propagation, flux is dominated by a peak during flame-wall interaction of about 5 MW/m2 in amplitude and 0.5 ms in duration. During Diesel combustion, heat flux is approximately constant during the injection duration; itsevolution is driven by an increase of the convection coefficient up to 10 kW/m2/K, which is attributed to air entrainment by the spray; the temperature increase from combustion is considered a second-order effect. During combustion presenting a pressure wave propagation (e.g. knock for some spark-ignition cases or HCCI with high energy content), the intensity of pressure oscillations and wall heat flux are shown to be correlated. That correlation is independent of the phenomenon creating the pressure wave; heat flux during knock is 3-5 times higher than for a comparable premixed propagation flame
Guichard, Éric. "L'internet : mesures des appropriations d'une technique intellectuelle." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0030.
Повний текст джерелаKaafar, Mohamed Ali. "Securiting Internet coordinates systems." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4023.
Повний текст джерелаIdea is that if network distances between Internet nodes can be embedded in an appropriate space, unmeasured distances can be estimated using a simple distance computation in that space. Recently, these coordinates-based systems have been shown to be accurate, with very low distance prediction error. However, most, if not all, of current proposals for coordinate systems assume that the nodes partaking in the system cooperate fully and honestly with each other – that is that the information reported by probed nodes is correct – this could also make them quite vulnerable to malicious attacks. In particular, insider attacks executed by potentially colluding) legitimate users or nodes infiltrating the system could prove very effective. As the use of overlays and applications relying on coordinates increases, one could imagine the release of worms and other malware, exploiting such cooperation, which could seriously disrupt the operations of these systems and therefore the virtual networks and applications relying on them for distance measurements. In this thesis, we first identify such attacks, and through a simulation study, we observed their impact on two recently proposed positioning systems, namely Vivaldi and NPS. We experimented with attack strategies, carried out by malicious nodes that provide biased coordinates information and delay measurement probes, and that aim to (i) introduce disorder in the system, (ii) fool honest nodes to move far away from their correct positions and (iii) isolate particular target nodes in the system through collusion. Our findings confirm the susceptibility of the coordinate systems to such attacks. Our major contribution is therefore a model for malicious behavior detection during coordinates embedding. We first show that the dynamics of a node, in a coordinate system without abnormal or malicious behavior, can be modeled by a Linear State Space model and tracked by a Kalman filter. Then we show, that the obtained model can be generalized in the sense that the parameters of a filter calibrated at a node can be used effectively to model and predict the dynamic behavior at another node, as long as the two nodes are not too far apart in the network. This leads to the proposal of a Surveyor infrastructure: Surveyor nodes are trusted, honest nodes that use each other exclusively to position themselves in the coordinate space, and are therefore immune to malicious behavior in the system. During their own coordinate embedding, other nodes can then use the filter parameters of a nearby Surveyor as a representation of normal, clean system behavior to detect and filter out abnormal or malicious activity. A combination of simulations and PlanetLab experiments are used to demonstrate the validity, generality, and effectiveness of the proposed approach for both Vivaldi and NPS. Finally, we address the issue of asserting the accuracy of Internet coordinates advertised by nodes of Internet coordinate systems during distance estimations. Indeed, some nodes may even lie deliberately about their coordinates to mount various attacks against applications and overlays. Our proposed method consists in two steps: 1) establish the correctness of a node’s claimed coordinate by using the Surveyor infrastructure and malicious embedding neighbor detection; and 2) issue a time limited validity certificate for each verified coordinate. Validity periods are computed based on an analysis of coordinate inter-shift times observed by Surveyors. By doing this, each surveyor can estimate the time until the next shift and thus, can limit the validity of the certificate it issues to regular nodes for their calculated coordinates. Our method is illustrated using a trace collected from a Vivaldi system deployed on PlanetLab, where intershift times are shown to follow long-tail distribution (log-normal distribution in most cases, or Weibull distribution otherwise). We show the effectiveness of our method by measuring the impact of a variety of attacks, experimented on PlanetLab, on distance estimates
Ngambo, Domche Grace. "Adaptation à la maladie de Lyme : comparaison des modes de collectes de données par téléphone et web." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68348.
Повний текст джерелаThe web data collection mode has been increasing in popularity since its creation, primarily due to its cost and time effective benefits. However, its non-probabilistic tendencies often bring doubts concerning the representativity of its results in comparison to a typical mode such as the telephone. This master’s thesis compares the non-probability web and probability telephone modes, often suggested by polling firms in the province of Quebec. It principally analyzes the eventual differences between both samples on their adaptation to the Lyme disease. More specifically, the three main goals of this study are: (1) to compare the representativeness of both samples with the census data in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics, (2) to compare those two survey modes regarding their respondents’ preventive behaviour estimates against the Lyme disease, and (3) to test the measurement invariance of the nonprobability (Web panel) and probability (telephone) samples’ preventive behaviour. The data comes from a study on the adaptation of prevention behaviors against Lyme disease. The web (n=956) and telephone samples (n=1003) are made of individuals, 18 years old and above, from low and significant risk regions. Results firstly reveal that neither survey is representative of the Canadian census of 2016. Secondly, results show that the non-response rate for Lyme disease prevention adaptive behaviors and other associated variables is higher in the web survey. However, the magnitude of this significance is nil for 19 out of 30 the items, and small for the other 11. Moreover, no important dissimilarities were found in comparing both samples’ estimates in terms of the behaviours’ prevalence and their determinants. Finally, the measurement invariance analyses on the index of adaptation to the Lyme disease show a similar structure of the index for both samples. In conclusion, although the web and telephone samples are different in some respects, their respondents tend to have similar behaviors of adaptation to the disease.
Youness, Chebli. "L'e-réputation du point de vue client : modèle intégrateur et échelle de mesure." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAG016.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough online reputation has attracted significant attention among marketing practitioners, research in this area is still limited. In this research dissertation, the authors examine the antecedents and consequences of online reputation from the customer’s perspective. A structural equation modeling approach is used to test the model based on data from a survey of 1097 French online buyers. The results show the impact of trust, heritage, and website quality on online reputation, as well as how online reputation affects customer commitment, word of mouth, perceived risk, and perceived value. Several implications either in terms of conceptual or managerial insights are then discussed
Sangare, Yaya. "Etude des défauts électriquement actifs dans les couches minces (150 Å) de SiO2 par photoémission interne." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20001.
Повний текст джерелаSaleh, Hayder. "Une architecture novatrice de sécurité à base de carte à puce Internet." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERSA009.
Повний текст джерелаFadlallah, Ahmad. "Des solutions pour la traçabilité des attaques Internet." Paris, ENST, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENST0012.
Повний текст джерелаThe Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are a real threat for the availability and stability of the Internet. Their continuous growth was the main motivation of our research, which starts with a thorough analysis of these attacks. The second step in our research was to study the existing DoS defense solutions. Our study provides an analysis of the most well known defense schemes, their advantages and limitations. In particular, we were interested in studying attack traceback solutions, given their important role in the framework of DoS defense. The analysis of different categories of traceback schemes led us to establish a number of requirements for an effective and deployable traceback solution. Our first solution proposes to mix two existing traceback techniques: packet marking and packet logging in order to mutually solve their problems. Our second solution tries to solve the storage overhead problem of the first solution. It is based on out-of-band signaling, which allows tracing IP flows through generating signaling messages. We enhance this solution by mixing the out of band signaling with packet marking. This method significantly reduces the bandwidth overhead of the previous solution while respecting the rest of performance, security and deployment requirements
Viger, Fabien. "Contributions à la mesure et à la modélisation de la topologie de l'internet." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066270.
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