Дисертації з теми "Mere cognition of rights"

This study is the first systematic global analysis of the impact of law on human rights, analyzing the impact of twenty-three constitution provisions and an international covenant on three measures of human rights behavior, over the period of 1976-1996. Three sets of constitutional provisions are analyzed, including 1) ten provisions for individual freedoms and due process rights, 2) nine provisions for elements of judicial independence and 3) four provisions that outline procedures for states of emergency. Additionally, the impact of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on actual human rights behavior is analyzed. Each of these areas of law are evaluated individually, in multiple models in which different elements vary. For example, some models control for democracy with different measures, others divide the data into the Cold War and post-Cold War eras, and some test constitutional indices. Finally, all provisions are simultaneously analyzed in integrated models. Provisions for fair and public trials are consistently shown to decrease the probability of abuse. An index of four freedoms (speech, religion, association, and assembly) decreases the probability of abuse somewhat consistently. Three of the provisions for judicial independence are most consistent in reducing the probability of abuse: the provisions for exclusive judicial authority, for the finality of judges' decisions, and banning exceptional courts. Two of four states of emergency provisions decrease abuse as international lawyers have argued: the provisions for legislative declaration of the emergency and the ban against dissolving the legislature during an emergency. However, two of the provisions are shown to hurt human rights practices: the duration and the derogation provisions. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights does not demonstrate a statistically significant impact. While the performance of the constitutional provisions is less than legal scholars would hope, their combined impact over time are shown to be quite large, relative to the impacts of other factors shown to affect human rights abuse.

Radical animal rights and environmental activism is considered domestic terrorism under the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act. Traditional models of terrorism purport that there is a path to radicalization that is influenced by an individual's sense of identity and ideological beliefs. Using collective identity theory and cognitive experiential self-theory as the framework, the purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether social identity, cognitive processing mode, and ideological beliefs were predictors for engagement in radical animal rights and environmental activism. The Three Factor Model of Social Identity Scale, the Rational Experiential Inventory, and the Activism Orientation Scale were used to collect data from a sample of 65 self-described radical animal rights and environmental activists. Standard multiple regression analyses were used to test each hypothesis. According to the results of the study, only rational processing mode, F(6, 64) = 3.18, (p < .05 ), was a predictor of likeliness to engage in radical animals rights and environmental activism. Although ideology was not a significant predictor, exploratory analysis showed that ecofeminism demonstrated predictive value, F(2, 64) = 6.12, (p < .05). This study contributes to positive social change by expanding the understanding of the profile of radical activists, which may aid those who support radical actions and those who oppose such actions in opening a meaningful dialogue whereby solutions to issues facing the environment and animals can be addressed with successful outcomes.

The thesis aims to reconstruct the procedural rules that apply whenever the simulation of contract becomes an issue within a civil proceeding.To this end, a different method is followed from that commonly used by the courts and in the scholarly literature, which have mostly deduced the content of these rules assuming, as a starting point, a certain solution to the problem of the nature of simulated contracts. The courts, that still adhere to the traditional doctrine of nullity of the simulated contract, state that the rules of the civil code dedicated to the action and the objection of nullity shall also apply to the action and objection of simulation. Part of the scholars, rejecting such premises, uphold interpretative solutions that are at odds with those supported by the courts. On the contrary, in this thesis, the legal notion of simulation is assumed as a starting point. Such a legal notion describes the set of facts that lead to a simulation of a contract and to the legal consequences set forth in articles 1414 and ff of the civil code; these facts are thus material to the process in which the simulation is an issue. Hence, the first part of the thesis (chapters 1 to 4) aims at framing the legal notion of simulation within the main categories of civil procedure, and starts from the definition of the legal notion of simulation by critically assessing the two main conceptions of the simulation phenomenon that emerge from the conspicuous literature on the subject: a “negative” conception, which sees the simulation as the lack of an essential element of the contract, and a “positive” conception, which sees the simulation as an agreement between the parties with the aim of excluding the legal effects of a contract between them (simulation agreement). The arguments in support of this last conception are set forth; after that, the question of the structure of the so-called “concealed contract” and the role of the simulation agreement on its formation and effectiveness is examined. The framing of the simulation in the fundamental categories of the process is then carried out through the observation of the legal effects that the simulation activity produces with regard to third parties, and the procedural classification of the substantial categories referred to in Articles 1415 and 1416 of the Italian Civil Code (in particular, unopposability). Finally, the objective scope of the process in which the ascertainment of the simulation of a contract is requested (action of simulation) is defined by critically examining the prevailing doctrine, according to which the said action aims at ascertaining the lack of a “contractual relationship”. Another doctrine is then examined, according to which simulation and nullity may be described as authonomous legal effects capable of being ascertained within a judgment having the force of res judicata. The second part (chapters 5 and 6) is dedicated to the discussion of selected issues of “procedural dynamics”, namely: a) the objection of absolute simulation, and the problem wether the judge may decide upon it ex officio in both the processes aimed at enforcing a simulated contract, and in those that aim, on the contrary, at the declaration of nullity, or at the annulment, rescission or termination of the same contract; b) the multiple facets that the issue of absolute simulation presents in the course of a forced expropriation proceeding undertaken against an “apparent owner”; c) the form of the concealed contract and the extent to which the simulants may prove a relative simulation by witnesses, particularly in the event that the relative simulation of the price of a sale contract is alleged as an objection to an avoidance action promoted by the bankruptcy trustee; d) the stading to an action of simulation; e) the objective scope of the res judicata in the same action.
La tesi mira a ricostruire la disciplina processuale della simulazione negoziale, ossia le regole concernenti l'attività compiuta nel processo dalle parti e dal giudice, ogniqualvolta la simulazione di un negozio giuridico sia oggetto di allegazione, prova e decisione (nella forma della mera cognizione o dell'accertamento). Si segue, a tal fine, un metodo diverso da quello comunemente impiegato dalla giurisprudenza e dalla dottrina, le quali hanno perlopiù dedotto il contenuto di tali regole a partire dalla soluzione di volta in volta prescelta al problema della qualificazione del contratto simulato. La giurisprudenza, muovendo dalla tesi della nullità del contratto simulato, conclude per la diretta applicabilità delle norme del codice civile dedicate all'azione e all'eccezione di nullità. Parte della dottrina, discostandosi da quella premessa, propone soluzioni applicative di segno opposto. Al contrario, nel presente lavoro, la centralità solitamente assegnata al contratto simulato, è occupata dalla simulazione, ossia dalla fattispecie degli effetti che gli artt. 1414 e seguenti designano quali “effetti della simulazione”. Detta fattispecie è infatti quanto forma oggetto dell'attività dei soggetti del processo (l'allegazione, la prova, la cognizione e l'accertamento). La ricostruzione della disciplina processuale della simulazione muove pertanto dalla collocazione della fattispecie simulatoria entro le categorie che informano il contenuto di quella disciplina, e cioè la qualificazione della simulazione come tema di prova, come questione di merito oggetto di mera cognizione, nonché, infine, come oggetto del processo e dell'accertamento munito di autorità di cosa giudicata. La prima parte della tesi (capitoli da 1 a 4) si occupa esattamente di tale inquadramento, prendendo le mosse dalla definizione della fattispecie simulatoria e dalla discussione critica delle due opposte concezioni del fenomeno simulatorio che emergono dalla cospicua letteratura sul tema: una concezione “negativa”, che vede nella simulazione una forma qualificata di difetto della fattispecie negoziale, e una concezione “positiva”, che ravvisa la fattispecie simulatoria in un negozio distinto da quello simulato (il c.d. accordo simulatorio). Enunciate le ragioni a sostegno di quest'ultima concezione, si prende in esame la questione della struttura del contratto dissimulato e del ruolo dell'accordo simulatorio sulla formazione e l'efficacia del medesimo. L'inquadramento della simulazione nelle categorie fondamentali del processo prosegue mediante l'osservazione degli effetti giuridici che l'attività simulatoria produce riguardo ai terzi, e l'inquadramento processuale delle categorie sostanziali richiamate negli artt. 1415 e 1416 c.c. (segnatamente, l'inopponibilità). Infine, si definisce l'oggetto dell'azione di simulazione, mettendo di fronte la prevalente tesi che detto oggetto fa coincidere con il rapporto fondamentale contrattuale, e quella minoritaria che addita le azioni di simulazione e nullità quali esempi di processi di accertamento di situazioni giuridiche preliminari. Si sottopone quindi a critica la tesi del rapporto fondamentale. La seconda parte (capitoli 5 e 6) è dedicata alla discussione di profili scelti di dinamica processuale, segnatamente: l'eccezione di simulazione assoluta, e il problema della sua rilevabilità d'ufficio nei processi diretti all'esecuzione del contratto simulato, nonché in quelli che mirano, al contrario, alla dichiarazione della nullità, ovvero all'annullamento, alla rescissione o alla risoluzione dello stesso contratto; le molteplici sfaccettature che presenta la cognizione della simulazione assoluta nel corso (o a lato) dell'espropriazione forzata intrapresa contro il titolare apparente; la forma del contratto dissimulato e l'ampiezza dei poteri istruttori dei simulanti che intendano dar prova della simulazione relativa, e per suo tramite del contratto dissimulato, particolarmente nel caso in cui la simulazione relativa del prezzo venga addotta per contrastare l'azione revocatoria promossa dal curatore fallimentare contro una compravendita immobiliare “a prezzo vile”; la legittimazione ad agire nell'azione di simulazione; i limiti oggettivi del giudicato di accertamento della simulazione.

Collective memory is a socially shared representation of the past. History, contrastingly, strives to be an unbiased, objective, and critical account of the past. Many researchers have argued that the so-called “history” found in school textbooks and curriculums align more with collective memory; however, many individuals do not know of the pervasiveness of collective memory in supposed “history” texts. To examine perceptions of accuracy and preference of American “history” textbook passages, individuals from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (n= 404) participated in an online study where they were randomly assigned to read one passage that was either negatively biased, neutral, or positively biased regarding the U.S. dropping the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. Participants rated their emotional valence of the event and their perceptions of accuracy and preference for the passage. The results suggest that individuals perceive negatively biased passages as less accurate and less preferable, even if their emotional valence matches the bias within the text. Individuals also showed the hypothesized interaction for preference; those who perceived the event as not negative preferred the positive text to the neutral and negative texts. The findings support evidence that individuals are motivated to prefer history passages consistent with their attitudes and rate higher accuracy among positive and neutral texts. The results have broader implications on reporting or dismissing human rights violations within collective memory.

This thesis presents a critical disability discourse analysis. It examines the discursive construction of disability and the personal and political positioning of disabled people. Focusing on disclosure, identity, activism, theory and policy issues relating to disabled people, the naturalisation and invalidation of the disabled body is explored and critiqued. Organised in three parts, the thesis begins by considering some significant historical moments, the sociolegal context and the recent politicisation of both disabled people and disability research. Disability is argued as embedded in, and institutionalised by, political regulatory structures and research that risks de-politicisation of it is critiqued. Part two considers theories, methods and the text data collected for the research. This defines the theoretical orientation to discursive psychology, discourse analysis and critical disability studies. Disability is articulated as an object in, and for interaction and its construction linked to historical, social and political structures that regulate and sustain the human subject. The text data used in the thesis is then presented in terms of the collection process and the organisation of extracts within the current thesis. The forms of text data collected include transcriptions of discussion groups with disabled people, front line workers and senior managers, policy documents, publicity imagery and Hansard records of parliamentary debates. Part three then presents a critical disability discourse analysis using this text data. Drawing on the framework of discourse analysis as articulated by Potter and Wetherell (1987) the discursive function, construction and variation of disability talk and textwork is critically considered. This reveals dilemmas of positioning and ideology during moments of disability disclosure. Analytical commentary argues that disability identity is constructed by an interpretative repertoire embedded in the antithesis of desired and valued life. The construction of ‘barriers’ in social model texts are also explored in discussion groups and local policy documents. This shows the recent distortion and colonisation of the social model, and suggests that the metaphor of ‘barriers’ used to signify the structures that disable people has lost its once radical and resistive power. Hansard records are then used to explore implications and dilemmas which arise regarding agency, autonomy and the disabled body in relation to dominant discourses of individualism and the challenges this poses for an ‘independent living’ reform strategy. The thesis concludes by asserting a discursive mode of disablism. This is suggested as a useful driver for research and initiatives to expose and challenge everyday discourses and practises that perpetuate the invalidation of the disabled body.

La plupart des interactions sociales humaines font intervenir des objets, et ceci dès le plus jeune âge. Dans ces interactions, les enfants semblent prendre en compte qui est le propriétaire de l’objet. La notion de propriété ne concerne donc pas seulement une personne et un objet, mais constitue une relation entre différentes personnes vis-à-vis d’un objet. Cette relation est régie par un ensemble de règles ou droits de propriété. Nos travaux portent sur la compréhension qu’ont les enfants de la notion de propriété. A quel âge les enfants acquièrent-ils la compréhension des droits de propriété ? Avant de manier la notion de propriété de manière explicite, les enfants en ont-ils une compréhension plus implicite ? Plus particulièrement, nous avons exploré la compréhension et l’évaluation de transferts de propriété illégitimes et légitimes chez des enfants de 5 mois à 5 ans. Nous avons étudié deux types de transgressions de propriété : l’acquisition illégitime d’un objet (sans intention de transfert de la part du propriétaire) et l’absence de restitution d’un objet à son propriétaire. L’ensemble de nos études ont consisté à présenter aux enfants des transferts de propriété entre deux personnages de manière non verbale, dans des dessins animés ou des films mettant en scène des marionnettes, puis à mesurer la compréhension et l’évaluation de ces transferts par les enfants. Les études du Chapitre 2 (Etudes 1 et 2) se sont intéressées à l’évaluation que font les enfants de l’acquisition d’un objet. Les deux expériences de l’Etude 1 ont exploré la compréhension et l’évaluation de transferts de propriété illégitimes et légitimes par des enfants de 3 ans et 5 ans, ainsi que des adultes (population contrôle). Cette étude est la première à examiner simultanément la compréhension explicite et implicite qu’ont les enfants de la notion de propriété. En effet, les questions posées concernent respectivement les droits de propriété, ainsi que l’évaluation sociale et morale des agents impliqués. Dans l’Etude 1a, les participants ont vu un personnage acquérir un objet soit de manière illégitime (condition vol), soit de manière légitime (condition réception par don). Dans l’Etude 1b, c’est une action illégitime (condition vol) qui était comparée à une action légitime (condition don). Les enfants de 5 ans (comme les adultes) ont montré une compréhension de la notion de propriété à la fois implicite par leur évaluation sociale/morale, en préférant l’agent de la condition légitime (receveur du don ou donneur) par rapport à l’agent de la condition illégitime (voleur), et explicite par leur capacité à attribuer des droits de propriété différents selon la légitimité du transfert. Les enfants de 3 ans n’ont pas distingué les conditions illégitime et légitime, ni dans leur évaluation, ni dans leur attribution de droits de propriété. Ces résultats suggèrent que les enfants acquièrent simultanément les compréhensions implicite et explicite de la propriété. Dans l’Etude 1, aucune réaction émotionnelle n’était présente. Nous avons examiné dans l’Etude 2 le rôle des émotions du premier possesseur dans l’évaluation que font les enfants de 3 ans de l’acquisition d’un objet. En présence d’indices émotionnels (les mêmes dans la condition légitime et illégitime : le premier possesseur étant triste après le transfert dans les deux cas), les enfants de 3 ans sont parvenu à distinguer les deux conditions dans leur évaluation sociale/morale. Cette distinction n’a pu être basée uniquement sur la présence de l’émotion négative étant donné que l’émotion présentée était la même dans les deux conditions. Nous suggérons que les enfants de 3 ans ont détecté la transgression morale dans le cas du vol, et se sont basés sur l’émotion négative pour la confirmer. Les études du Chapitre 3 (Etudes 3 à 5) se sont intéressées à l’évaluation que font les enfants de la restitution d’un objet à son propriétaire…
Since a very young age, the majority of human social interactions involve objects. In these interactions, children seem to take into account who owns what. The notion of ownership thus does not involve only a person and an object, but is a relationship between several persons with respect to an object. This relationship is organized by a set of rules or property rights. Our work deals with children’s understanding of the notion of ownership. At what age do children acquire the understanding of property rights? Before an explicit mastery of the notion of ownership, do children have a more implicit understanding of it? More precisely, we explored the understanding and evaluation of illegitimate and legitimate transfers of property in children from 5 months to 5 years of age. We studied two types of ownership transgressions: illegitimate acquisition of an object (without owner’s intention to transfer it), and absence of restitution of an object to its owner. In all our studies, we presented to children property transfers between two characters using non-verbal animated cartoons or movies with puppets as actors, and then measured children’s understanding and evaluation of those transfers. The studies in Chapter 2 (Studies 1 and 2) assessed children’s evaluation of different modes of acquisition of an object. The two experiments of Study 1 explored 3- and 5-year-olds’s understanding and evaluation of illegitimate and legitimate property transfers. Adults were also tested as a control population. This study is the first one to investigate simultaneously children’s explicit and implicit understanding of the notion of ownership, by asking questions about property rights, as well as social and moral evaluations of the characters implicated in the transfers, respectively. In Study 1a, participants saw a character acquiring an object either in an illegitimate way (theft condition) or in a legitimate one (gift-reception condition). In Study 1b, an illegitimate action (theft) was compared to a legitimate action (giving). 5-year-old children (as adults) showed both an implicit understanding of ownership through their social/moral evaluation (preferring the legitimate agent (gift recipient or giver) compared to the illegitimate agent (thief)), and an explicit understanding of ownership through their ability to attribute different property rights considering the legitimacy of the transfer. 3-year-old children did not make any distinction between the illegitimate and legitimate conditions in their evaluation, neither in their attribution of property rights. These results suggest that children acquire implicit and explicit understanding of ownership at the same time. In Study 1, no emotional reaction was present. We examined in Study 2 the role of the first possessor’s emotions in 3-year-olds’ evaluation of object acquisition. The same cue was present in the legitimate and illegitimate conditions: the first possessor being sad after both transfers. In the presence of this emotional cue, 3-year-olds managed to distinguish between the two conditions in their social/moral evaluation. This distinction could not have been based solely on the presence of a negative emotion, as the emotion displayed was the same in both conditions. We suggest that 3-year-old children detected the moral transgression in the theft condition, and used the negative emotion to confirm it. The studies in Chapter 3 (Studies 3 to 5) examined children’s evaluations of the restitution of an object to its owner. Young children (2-3-year-old) have a bias to consider that the first possessor of an object is its “owner” and that the object cannot be definitively transferred to someone else. We thus investigated whether 3-year-old children (Studies 3 and 4) implicitly evaluate the absence of restitution as a transgression, and evaluate it negatively compared to the restitution of an object to its first possessor…

Depuis 2011, le droit et les neurosciences entretiennent une relation singulière. La loi de bioéthique du 7 juillet 2011 fait en effet de la France le premier pays au monde à admettre, par un texte législatif, le recours aux techniques d’imagerie cérébrale à l’occasion d’expertises judiciaires. Dans ce contexte, la France assiste à l’émergence d’un « neurodroit ». Traduit du néologisme anglais « neurolaw », le neurodroit s’intéresse aux applications juridiques des résultats issus des recherches en neurosciences, et en particulier des différentes techniques d’imagerie cérébrale, dont la plus connue et la plus controversée est aujourd’hui l’imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf). L’apport des neurosciences aux enjeux du droit est dès lors considérable : d’une part, la recherche de la vérité et l’utilisation de l’imagerie cérébrale comme preuve dans un procès, d’autre part la légitimation de la décision judiciaire et la compréhension des processus cognitifs et émotionnels des différents acteurs judiciaires et, notamment, des magistrats. Mais au-delà de sa singularité, la relation entre le droit et les neurosciences est pour le moins ambiguë. Alors que la France est le seul pays au monde à avoir consacré législativement ce « neurodroit » et qu’en théorie les neurosciences présentent une utilité certaine pour le droit, il n’existe à l’heure actuelle aucune utilisation en pratique. Bien que le neurodroit ne soit qu’au stade de l’émergence en France, la possibilité à terme d’une meilleure administration de la justice par l'utilisation des neurosciences permet d’entrevoir un certain nombre d’améliorations destinées à perfectionner la réception du neurodroit
Since 2011, law and neuroscience have had a unique relationship. The law of bioethics of July 7, 2011 makes France the first country in the world to enact, through a legislative text, the use of brain imaging techniques for legal expertise examinations. In this context, France assists to the emergence of a « neurodroit ». Translated from the English neologism « neurolaw », the neurolaw is a new medical-legal concept that incorporates neuroscience research results from brain imaging techniques into the legal process. The most well known, and the most controversial, brain imaging technique that neurolaw uses is the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique. The contribution of neuroscience to legal issues is therefore considerable : on the one hand, it uses brain imaging as evidence at trial in search of the truth, and on the other hand it legitimizes, and provides an understanding for how judicial actors and magistrates make their decisions. But beyond its uniqueness, the relationship between neuroscience and the law is still limited. While France is the only country in the world to have legislatively addressed this « neurolaw » and in theory neurolaw is useful, there is currently no use in practice. However, while the neurodroit is only at its beginning stage in France, by continuing to perfect the brain imaging techniques, and by continuing to better understand people’s behaviors, Neurolaw will soon be able to provide the possibility of a better and improved legal system

ABSTRACT Background: Previous criminal justice policies have been non-effective leading to overpopulated prisons and unsuccessful reintegration. There is a lack of effective supportive and/or rehabilitative services resulting in high rates of recidivism and mental health implications. Objective: This study investigated the perceived impact that incarceration and reintegration with little to no supportive and/or rehabilitative services has on the mental health status of an individual. The emphasis was on participant perception and not on professional reports because of underreporting and lack of attention to mental health in the criminal justice system. Methods: Focus groups in the Inland Empire and Coachella Valley were held to gather preliminary data used to develop the survey for this study. The survey was distributed to 88 male and female ex-offenders over the age of 18 who were no longer on probation or parole. Secondary data from United Way 211 and California State Reentry Initiative was collected to report current trends of supportive and/or rehabilitative services. Results: Incarceration was found to negatively impact perceived mental health status, but reintegration was not. Supportive and/or rehabilitative services continue to be rarely offered and accessed, but when accessed, perceived mental health status is better. Supportive and/or rehabilitative services are more readily available. People who are using these services are improving their quality of life, becoming productive members of society, and preventing recidivism. Conclusions: A paradigm shift is currently under way to reduce recidivism by improving supportive and/or rehabilitative services during incarceration and reintegration. Many offenders are receiving services as an alternative to incarceration, recidivism rates are being reduced, and ex-offenders are becoming productive members of society. The field of social work is an integral part of reentry services and should continue advocating for policies and services that support reintegration efforts at the micro and macro level.

This work highlights specific lexical items that have become racialized in specific contextual applications and tests how these words are cognitively processed. This work presents the results of a visual world (Huettig et al 2011) eye-tracking study designed to determine the perception and application of racialized (Coates 2011) adjectives. To objectively select the racialized adjectives used, I developed a corpus comprised of popular media sources, designed specifically to suit my research question. I collected publications from digital media sources such as Sports Illustrated, USA Today, and Fortune by scraping articles featuring specific search terms from their websites. This experiment seeks to aid in the demarcation of socially salient groups whose application of racialized adjectives to racialized images is near instantaneous, or at least less questioned. As we view growing social movements which revolve around the significant marks unconscious assumptions leave on American society, revealing how and where these lexical assignments arise and thrive allows us to interrogate the forces which build and reify such biases. Future research should attempt to address the harmful semiotics these lexical choices sustain.

碩士
中臺科技大學
健康產業管理研究所
99
Background: “Patient-centered” is the concept of service of medical institutions, while the emphasis on patient’s rights is the most basic elements. Previous studies have confirmed that people pay much attention on patient’s rights, and it has a positive correlation between patient’s rights and medical satisfaction. Does the cognition of patient’s rights affect the medical loyalty of the patient, however, is rarely mentioned and even no conclusion. Purpose:The study is to investigate the correlation between the cognition of patient’s rights and medical loyalty, and to explore whether the satisfaction of patient’s rights produce a mediation effect on cognition of patient’s rights and medical loyalty. Methods: This study used cross-sectional sample survey, the inpatients of a hospital in central region of Taiwan as the target respondents, and a total of 382 valid questionnaires were collected for analysis. Results: The results showed that there is a difference between the cognition of patient’s rights and the satisfaction of patient’s rights. Besides, there is a dissatisfaction on the rights of patients; There was a positive correlation between the cognition of patient’s rights and medical loyalty, and the satisfaction of patient’s rights is a mediator which affected them. It means that the cognition of patient’s rights would improve the medical loyalty by satisfaction of patient’s rights. Conclusions: Therefore, if medical institutions make great efforts to maintain patient’s rights, enhance patient care on the " to know ", is establish good communication and listen to the voice of the patient,the medical satisfaction and the medical loyalty will enhance and then will improve the medical care of the patient.

碩士
淡江大學
教育政策與領導研究所碩士在職專班
97
This study was to understand elementary school teachers’ cognitions of children''s human rights and laws for children''s human rights, and their attitudes toward the importance of children’s human rights on school campus in Keelung County. Based on literature review, a questionnaire was constructed by this researcher, and a survey was administered to a sample of 315 elementary school teachers in Keelung County. Data collected by the questionnaire survey were analyzed by using SPSS14.0 software package, including factor analysis, descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Based on results and findings, the following conclusions were reached: 1. Elementary school teachers in Keelung County had a high level of cognition of children''s human rights. 2. Teachers also had a high level of cognition of laws for children''s human rights. 3. Teachers had positive attitudes toward the importance of children and their human rights. 4. Teachers had positive and active coping styles with the conduct of children''s human rights. 5. Teachers’ cognitions of children''s human rights were significantly different by their gender and job duties. 6. The results of analysis clearly indicated that a positive correlation between teachers’ cognition of children''s human rights and the teacher-student relationship. 7. The results of analysis clearly indicated that a positive correlation between teachers’ cognition of children''s human rights and friendly school campus. 8. The results of analysis clearly indicated that a positive correlation between teachers’ cognition of children''s human rights and the situation of school administration. 9. The results of analysis clearly indicated that a positive correlation between teachers’ cognition of children''s human rights and school courses and teaching. 10. The results of analysis clearly indicated that a positive correlation between teachers’ cognition of children''s human rights and school discipline. 11. The results of analysis clearly indicated that a positive correlation between teachers’ cognition of children''s human rights and teachers’ professional growth. Based on research findings and conclusions, this study proposed some relevant suggestions for school administration and teachers to improve children''s human rights on school campus in Keelung County.

碩士
國立中正大學
運動與休閒教育研究所
100
Stadium naming rights is a way to generate long-term and stable results by sponsoring of the enterprise sports contests. In abroad, it is a common campaign of marketing strategies that enterprises purchase stadium naming rights, especially in the United States. But in Taiwan, only few cases, these represent this type of the sports marketing value and modalities need to be developed. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the awareness and willingness of the sponsor about the enterprises stadium naming rights. Furthermore, understanding the considerations for the business when the enterprise purchasing name right. With a view to in academic research introductory access in doing so, it can also provide important reference in the sponsorship strategy in the corporate practice. The purpose of this study: (a) the understanding the cognitive and will of domestic famous brand sports about stadium naming rights. (b) To explore the identity the considerations of the manager on the domestic enterprises sports stadium naming rights .In this study, in-depth interviews research will be conducted with three famous domestic brand managers and two sports marketing manager of the company during February to March in 2012. The results of this study found that (a) Business and sports marketing company has an initial concept of naming rights, sports marketing knows more clear understanding of the sponsorship process than the sports marketing company. (b) corporate sponsors hope to get a lot of exposure in order to facilitate product sales to enhance the implementation of the naming rights sponsorship of sports venues, the venue management team must be a clear sponsorship contract terms a bid to attract business investment. (c) Domestic sports stadium naming rights market is not mature as the overseas development is, only few enterprise have willing to sponsor. Future for the smooth development of the sports stadium naming rights sponsorship should be to strengthen the awareness of sports stadium naming rights sponsorship, and the sports stadium business plan must be able to meet corporate sponsorship considerations, and effective planning policies and stadium business in order to enhance the naming rights sponsor willing.

碩士
高苑科技大學
經營管理研究所
106
The purpose of this study is to explore the rights and obligations of the elementary school teachers, and to analyze the level about awareness in teachers ' rights and obligations of the elementary school teachers, further, to recognize the rights and obligations what are the most concerned by the elementary school teachers. In order to achieve the purposes of this study, the questionnaires have been used in this investigation. “Elementary school teachers ' rights and obligations cognitive questionnaire” designed for this study is to be the research tool. The research objects are the elementary school teachers in Kaohsiung City, a total of 140 questionnaires were issued, 127 effective recovery questionnaires, and the effective recovery rate was 90.71 %. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Independent Samples t test, one-way ANOVA analysis and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis. The results indicate that: 1. In the basic data variable of teachers, different gender and job titles has a significant difference in the level about awareness in the teachers ' rights. The different age, level of education, years of teaching and participation in the teachers ' union show no significant difference in the level about awareness in the teachers ' rights. 2. In the basic data variable of teachers, there are no significant differences in the level about awareness in the teachers ' obligations, such as gender, age, level of education, years of teaching, job titles and participation in the teachers ' union. 3. There is a significant positive correlation between the level about awareness in teachers ' rights and the level about awareness in teachers’ obligations. 4. The rights most concerned by teachers are the retirement funds and the retirement age in the right to work treatment; the obligation that teachers are most concerned about is the obligation of counseling and disciplining students. Based on the above research conclusions, this study gives some suggestions for elementary school teachers, the relevant units of education administration and the follow-up researchers.

碩士
東海大學
社會工作學系
102
Abstract Currently, there are nearly two hundred and fifty thousand people with disabilities have participated in the National Pension Insurance. People with disabilities participating in the National Pension Insurance not only can be guaranteed basic economic security, but also be provided with a risk prevention plan for their economic security in the future as they join the ranks of the elderly. On this account, in order to gain a better understanding of the influences of participating in the National Pension Insurance on the economic arrangements in old age for people with disabilities, this study not only explores the current status of the cognition of rights and satisfaction of people with disabilities who participate in the National Pension Insurance from their angle, but also discusses their economic arrangements and planning in old age. The purposes of this study are as follows: 1. Analyze the personal background of people with disabilities participating in the National Pension Insurance. 2. Analyze the cognition of rights and satisfaction of people with disabilities after participating in the National Pension Insurance. 3. Explore the influences of participating in the National Pension Insurance on the economic arrangements in old age for people with disabilities. 4. Provide the direction of improvement and recommendations for people with disabilities to participate in the National Pension Insurance. In this study, qualitative interviews with ten people with disabilities who have been participating in the National Pension Insurance or have already begun to claim old-age pension benefits were conducted, and the conclusions are listed as follows: 1. The cognition of rights of people with disabilities participating in the National Pension Insurance is still insufficient. 2. Overall, people with disabilities feel satisfied with their participation in the National Pension Insurance. 3. Those people with disabilities who are not clear about the amount of old-age pension they can receive tend to think that participating in the National Pension Insurance has little effect on their economic arrangements in old age. Based on the above conclusions, this study suggests the following recommendations for three aspects, including the overall National Pension Insurance system, the cognition of rights of people with disabilities towards the National Pension Insurance, and the improvement of the satisfaction of people with disabilities participating in the National Pension Insurance: 1. Recommendations for the overall National Pension Insurance system (1) The economic security system for people with disabilities should be developed according to individual needs. (2) Increase the sense of identity of people with disabilities in participating in the National Pension Insurance. (3) Free consulting hotline for the National Pension Insurance should be provided. 2. Recommendations for the cognition of rights of people with disabilities towards the National Pension Insurance (1) Improve the knowledge of people with disabilities about the payments and pay rates of the National Pension Insurance. (2) The channels for the information of the rights and interests under the National Pension Insurance should be more adequate, more diverse, and further expanded. 3. Recommendations for the improvement of the satisfaction of people with disabilities participating in the National Pension Insurance (1) As for the amount of the insurance premium: Improve the preferential system of insurance costs. (2) As for the promotion: Enhance the promotion of the National Pension Insurance to the family members of people with disabilities, related professionals, workers, and related organizations and associations.

碩士
中原大學
企業管理研究所
98
Vietnam's accession to the WTO (World Trade Organization, WTO) on intellectual property rights has brought opportunities and challenges for companies. The operators who want to succeed in international markets have to get sufficient and necessary conditions on intellectual property rights. This is aslo important issue that is most concerned with international partners. Vietnamese enterprises became more important in intellectual property cases, how to avoid infringing the patent or other vendors from foreign competition. The companies would agree wheather or not with supporting and commitment Intellectual Property, particularly in the trademark and patent. Purposes of this study include of: (a) The cognition of Vietnamese enterprises on trademark and patent rights will affect the commitment; (b) The attitude of Vietnamese enterprises on trademark and patent rights will affect the commitment. In this study, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam as the test subjects, the questionnaires were issued by the convenience sampling method. A total of issuance is 250 questionnaires, a total of retrieving is 82 questionnaires, a total of valid quetionaires are 82, response rate was 33%. By using SPSS statistical software program to analysis factors, using simple regression analysis to examine the relationship between variables. The major findings of this study are as follows: 1. The recognition of manufacturers on intellectual property rights to the commitment has a significant effect. 2. The attitude of manufacturers on intellectual property rights to the commitment does not have a significant effect. 3. The recognition of manufacturers on intellectual property rights to the corporate commitment is influenced by the amount of investment, the number of employees that has a significant effect. 4. The attitude of manufacturers on intellectual property rights to the corporate commitment is influenced by the amount of investment, the number of employees and industial careers that does not has a significant effect.

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
教育政策與管理研究所
98
This study aims to investigate the status of teachers’ cognition and practice of students’ human rights in elementary schools. With self-made questionnaire, the sampling is conducted on the teachers in the public elementary schools of Taipei County, and 529 valid samples are obtained. The obtained data are analyzed by mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé Post Hoc, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression through SPSS 12.0 for Windows software package. The following conclusions are achieved: 1. The teachers’ cognition of students’ human rights in the public elementary schools of Taipei County is in a considerable degree. 2. The teachers’ practice of students’ human rights in the public elementary schools of Taipei County is positive. 3. The teachers’ cognition of students’ human rights in elementary schools varies noticeably with age, seniority in school, and having children or not, but not with the gender, position, expertise in education and the school size. 4. The teachers’ practice of students’ human rights in elementary schools will not differ with gender, age, seniority in school, position, expertise in education, having children or not, and the school size. 5. The teachers’ cognition of students’ human rights in elementary schools is highly proportional to their practice of the same subject. 6. The teachers’ cognition of students’ human rights in elementary schools can be predicted with the practice of the same subject.

碩士
立德大學
科技管理研究所
96
The purpose of the research is to investigate: 1.The differences in the cognition and attitude of junior high school students toward intellectual property rights caused by different personal backgrounds and school education. 2. The correlation between the cognition and attitude toward intellectual property rights. In order to provide reference for school teaching and government policy, the samples of research were junior high school students in Tainan county. The data was analyzed with the statistics of description, t-test, one-way ANOVA , and Pearson product-moment correlation. The main findings are the following: 1. The influence of gender, parents education level, results of study, propaganda methods, subjects, propaganda times and sense on the cognition toward intellectual property rights is significant. 2. The influence of gender, parents education level, household income, grade, propaganda methods, times, sense, the urban-rural gap on the attitude toward intellectual property rights is significant. 3. There is low correlation between the cognition and attitude toward intellectual property rights. ( r = 0.372 ) 4. Students of families with monthly income more than NTD150,000 have higher correlation between the cognition and attitude toward trademark ( r=0.86). Students with higher cognition will have more positive attitude. The situation doesn’t take place in copyright because of the rapidity and convenience of Internet piracy. 5. Students of families with monthly income less than NTD20,000 have lower correlation between the cognition and attitude toward trademark and copyright. It’s difficult for Students to have more positive attitude by improving their cognition. 6. The proposals to enterprises: (1)Educate and train staff for their propaganda. (2)Sign an agreement with staff for bounding their possible violations. (3)Protect intellectual property rights with non-disclosure and non-compete clauses. (4)Personnel survey for new staff is necessary.

碩士
輔仁大學
兒童與家庭學系碩士班
97
The purpose of this study is to confer early childhood educators’ cognition and practice of children’s rights in Taipei County. A questionnaire survey of “Children’s Rights Cognition and Practice for Early Childhood Educators” was conducted. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed to public and private preschools in Taipei County, and 402 valid ones were returned. SPSS statistic software was used to analyze the collected data. The approaches used include the descriptive statistics, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The main results are described as follows: 1. Early childhood educators’ cognition and practice of children’s rights in Taipei County are now considered satisfactory. The mean order of children’s rights cognition and practice from high to low is as follows: equal right, health right, privacy right and freedom right. 2. Early childhood educators’ cognition of children’s rights in Taipei County differs significantly with age, teaching years, and education background. (1) The cognition of freedom rights differs significantly with teaching years, and type of preschool. (2) The cognition of equal rights differs significantly with age, education background, and teacher-student ratio. (3) The cognition of private rights differs significantly with age, teaching years, and education background. 3. Early childhood educators’ practice of children’s rights in Taipei County differs significantly with years of work experience in education, and the type of class. (1) The practice of freedom of rights differs significantly with teaching years. (2) The practice of equal rights differs significant with teaching years. (3) The practice of private rights differs significantly with education background, and type of class. (4) Early childhood educators’ practice of health rights differs significantly with type of class, number of the infants in the preschool, and teacher-student ratio. 4. Early childhood educators’ cognition of children’s rights is inconsistent with practice in Taipei County. Based on the findings above, suggestions were made to the early childhood educators and government educational agencies on how to solve this discrepancy and those who will study further.

碩士
國防管理學院
後勤管理研究所
92
Taiwan’s Legislative Yuan has passed National Defense Act and amendment of Organization Act of the Ministry of National Defense (MND) during its 2nd meeting by the end of the year 2000. It does not only symbolize the beginning of the military affair revolution, but also reveal a trend of organizational change on all the military owned factories. This research has collected the related information of national defense policy with regard to the logistic structures of military organizations. According to the classification, the future organizational structure for 202th factory in the national defense industry may belong one of the following types: 1). maintain its structure and operation system and merge other units with the same attributes from different services, 2). run as “government owned company operated”, 3). run as privatization, 4). merge other units with the same attributes from different services and run as “government owned company operated”, and 5). merge other units with the same attributes from different services and run as privatization. No matter what type of organizational change of 202th factory runs in the future, issues such as protection of rights and compensation for employees will play important roles under organizational change. By conducting a survey among the employees of 202th factory, this research focused on exploring the following information: 1). choice of the future type of organizational change. 2). cognition toward the future organizational change policy. 3). information acquisition and communication regarding organizational change, and 4). cognition toward the protection of employees’ rights. All the findings in this research will be provided as important references for decision making of policy makers in the future. The main conclusion of this research is that an employee’s rights are the focal point under organizational change. To alleviate the anxiety of employee and avoid unnecessary conflicts, the MND should understand the thoughts of its employees. Therefore, a careful planning with regard to the policies of employee rights and regulations and a clear communication are required for the MND to achieve a win-win situation under organizational change. In addition, this research also suggested that the government and military should integrate all kinds of resources to help their employees develop multi-skills, promote the level of job skills, and plan career paths. In so doing, human resources in the national defense organizations can be managed effectively, employees’ abilities can be enhanced for engaging in different career paths, and the pressure of workforce reduction can be alleviated.

碩士
國立中正大學
勞工關係研究所
107
In recent years, Taiwan Ministry of Labor has promoted various labor policy reforms, expanded labor inspection measures, and revised the Labor Standards Law. Taiwan’s workers have gradually awakened awareness of their labor rights. Cases of labor disputes increased annually. In 2017, labor disputes had reached 27,174 cases. Among them, wage disputes lead, and severance pay follows. Recognizing problems is the key to resolve them. Hence, this study applies qualitative research methods and adopts purposive sampling to in-depth interview 10 in school university students. The questionnaire covers 12 major areas in Labor Standard Acts including: labor contract, wages, working hours, overtime pay, holidays and regular leave, personal leave, working during regular leave, special leave, workers compensation, contract termination, and severance pays. The questionnaire is intended to discover which area of the Labor Standard Acts is best known and which area is least understood; as well as to discover the level of cognition differentiation by age and study major. Additional questionnaire covering 3 other areas is designed to understand how much the youth pay attention to the recent revision of Labor Standard Acts and their recognition toward the value reasoning of the Acts. The conclusions of this study are as follows: First, toward cognition of labor rights protection defined in Labor Standard Acts, the youth understand best in basic working hours and hourly rate of basic wages, followed by special leave provisions. Second, the youth are generally lacking of knowledge in the provisions of severance pay, overtime hours, and overtime pay. Third, atypical work experience will affect young people's perception of the labor law and their identity. Fourth, the youth of relevant law majors are more likely to understand the content of the Labor Standard Acts. Fifth, the amendments of working hour under 2018 Labor Standard Acts are generally not known and concerned by the youth. Last, most interviewed don’t think the Labor Standard Acts can fully protect their rights. The study suggests the following: The government should expedite setting a labor education special law, producing various propaganda materials to be used by all schools, working with universities conducting all sorts of labor education activities, hosting labor rights seminars for potential and existing work-study students, and strengthening working condition inspections on workplace with work-study students. It is recommended for young workers to expose to and learn more about labor rights protection information and self-help information via news, Internet, and education resources from Ministry of Labor before seeking employment. It is recommended that companies can promote the concept of corporate social responsibility, regularly provide lectures or training on Labor Standards Act and Labor Rights to employees, and establish an interactive platform for effective communication between employers and employees so that both parties can better reach harmony.

碩士
靜宜大學
資訊碩士在職專班
101
This study aims to understand the impact of different media formats (graphic and audio; animation and audio) on students' learning achievement and retention of intellectual property rights cognitive. The findings of the study will help to understand the impact of media formats for elementary school students' learning achievement and retention, and provide other teaching as select media format reference. The subjects were 55 students from two classes of third graders in a public elementary school in Taichung City. Quasi-experimental design was applied in this study. Two different media formats of multimedia teaching materials (graphic and audio; animation and audio) were used in the teaching of intellectual property rights. Data were collected from three data sourses: (a) Pretest of Cognitive Test (b) Cognitive Test (c) Postponed-test of Cognitive Test. Data obtained was analyzed by ANCOVA to explore the impact of different media formats on the elementary school students' cognitive learning achievement and retention of intellectual property rights. Major findings of this study are listed as follows： （1） There was no significant difference between the two different media formats of multimedia teaching for elementary school students' learning achievement. （2） There was no significant difference between the two different media formats of multimedia teaching for elementary school students' learning achievement on Copyright theme. （3） There was no significant difference between the two different media formats of multimedia teaching for elementary school students' learning achievement on Trademark theme. （4） There was no significant difference between the two different media formats of multimedia teaching for elementary school students' learning achievement on Patents theme. （5） There was no significant difference between the two different media formats of multimedia teaching for elementary school students' learning retention. （6） There was no significant difference between the two different media formats of multimedia teaching for elementary school students' learning retention on Copyright theme. （7） There was no significant difference between the two different media formats of multimedia teaching for elementary school students' learning retention on Trademark theme. （8） There was no significant difference between the two different media formats of multimedia teaching for elementary school students' learning retention on Patents theme. Based on the above eight found, it can be inferred there was no significant difference for elementary school students' learning achievement and learning retention with different media format for teaching.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
公民教育與活動領導學系在職進修碩士班
102
The study aims to understand the junior high school teachers’ cognition and attitudes towards student privacy rights in Taoyuan County. To meet the study purpose, a questionnaire was designed according to literature review and relevant empirical research results. The study objects comprised of existing teachers from public junior high schools (private schools excluded) in Taoyuan County, with a total participation of 57 junior high schools yielding 572 valid questionnaires. The results of the respondents’ replies underwent descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and other statistical methods to carry out data analysis. The following conclusions were drawn based on the analytical results： 1. Junior high school teachers of Taoyuan County demonstrated excellent cognition for the student privacy rights with a better recognition in “Privacy rights in the domain of privacy life.” 2. Junior high school teachers of Taoyuan County demonstrate active performance in student privacy rights, receiving the highest score on the attitude of “privacy rights in the domain of privacy life.” 3. Junior high school teachers of Taoyuan County received significant difference on the overall or dimensional cognition for student privacy rights in the variables of “professional background,” “seniority of teaching,” and “school scale” according to the differentiation analysis of different background variables in teachers’ cognition for student privacy rights. 4. Junior high school teachers of Taoyuan County received significant difference on the overall or dimensional attitude towards student privacy rights in variables of “professional background,” “seniority of teaching,” and “school scale” according to the differentiation analysis of different background variables in teacher attitudes towards student privacy rights. 5. There is positive correlation between the teachers’ cognition for student privacy rights and teacher attitude towards student privacy rights, indicating that higher level of teachers’ cognition for student privacy rights leads to more active attitude towards student privacy rights. 6. The regression analysis shows that teacher’s personal background variables and teachers’ cognition for student privacy rights is equipped with sufficient explanation to their attitude toward student privacy rights. The test results are significant and it can explain 41.5% of the total variance in teacher attitude towards student privacy rights. In particular, the “teacher’s cognition for the student privacy rights” contains better explanation.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
公民教育與活動領導學系
104
The study aims to understand the cognition and attitudes towards privacy rights of junior high school students who attend the public school in New Taipei City. By the sampling with 8 junior high schools, 24 classes, and finally yielding 571 valid respondents’ replies could be the analytical base of this study. The questionnaire was designed according to literature review and relevant empirical research results to meet the study purpose. The base of respondents’ replies was analyzed by the descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and other statistical methods. The drawn results were in the following: 1. The respondents reflected better understanding in “Privacy rights in the individual domain.” 2. The respondents demonstrated more active in student privacy rights and expressed the highest score in the attitude of “Privacy rights in the individual domain.” 3. It showed significant difference in the cognition of “gender,” “grade,” “school districts,” and “family background” of the respondents by the differentiation analysis with personal background. 4. It also showed significant difference in the attitude of “gender,” “grade,” and “school districts” of the respondents by the differentiation analysis with personal background. 5. There is positive correlation between the students’ cognition and students’ attitude, indicating that higher level of students’ cognition leads to more active attitude towards privacy rights.

碩士
國立臺北大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
96
“Change” is one of the most key issues the organization operation has to face in the 21st century. Nowadays, “rich dad theory” has been prevailing over the economic system and the “become bigger” competition strategy is being adopted to keep company remaining big, Taiwan small and medium enterprises are either merged or gradually being squeezed out from the market. To survive, companies are forced to adopt continual changes to out beat threatens. Taiwan semiconductor channel agent industry has been adapting to the keen competition and rapid changing environment in the global market, by continual organizational reform to keep high competitiveness and barely maintain the positions in the supply chain of the industry. The study selected the companies in the channel industry of semiconductor parts and components as the study object, and made use of general questionnaires to collect data and measurements. Statistical techniques such as validity test, reliability test, multiple regression and covariance analysis were used to analyze and verify the findings. The conclusions of the study are as follows: 1. During the process of organizational reform, the cognition of rights and interests is showing positive effect on the commitment to organization. After the reform, the employees’ cognition of their rights and interests has a negative effect on the continual commitment to organization, but no significant effect on the normative commitment, and however, a positive effect on the emotional commitment. 2. Both the employees’ emotional and normative commitments have positive effect on the resignation intention; but the employees’ continual commitment has no significant effect on the resignation intention. 3. During the process of change, the employees’ cognition of their rights and interests has a negative effect on the resignation intention; and after the change, the effect is not significant. 4. The study discovers that there is intermediary effect of the employees’ commitment to organization; that is, during the process of reform, the effect on the resignation intention by the employees’ cognition of their rights and interests is being shifted, as the negative effect being weakened to be non-significant by the three dimensions of commitment to organization, i.e. emotional, normative, and continual commitment. From the conclusion of the study, we found out that the satisfaction of the employees to their rights and interests has certain effect on the resignation intention, and the continual commitment has no significant effect on the resignation intention, and such finding suggests the “keep the talent” strategy for the human resources department. And that leads us to suggest two focuses of the “keep the talent” strategy in the practice of management as follows: 1. To effect a temporary solution, during the reform process, same emphasis shall be put on both the company target and the employees’’ rights and interests. 2. To perform a radical cure, it is necessary to review policies concerning the salary and fringe benefit system to make it a more clear cut bonus-penalty tool to provide instant inspiration and reward for good performance, and even make it a not-easy-to-let-go whenever an employee is thinking of resignation.

碩士
國立臺中教育大學
數位內容科技學系碩士班
98
Abstract In recent years, the fast development of internet technologies make more and more works of the books, movies and arts go digitalizing. The characteristics of digitalizing are easy to copy, transmit, store, modify, scatter and search on the web. But on the other side, unfortunately, digitalizing also makes the digital contents easy be pirated easily. Digital privacy has become a crucial challenge for intellectual property law and social norms today. In this study, our purpose is to investigate how the pupil’s cognition, and their altitude about the intellectual property of digital content, and also to examine their digital piracy intention. Further more, this study want to identify factors that could directly affect the pupil’s intention toward the decision to commit digital piracy. Basically, this study is based on the Ajzen’s （1991）theory of Planned Behavior( TPB ), which shows the altitude about certain behavior is a strong factor that could conduce one’s behavior intention. On the other hand, the researcher creates a questionnaire as the study tool, must be pretested and proofed that study tool has good reliability and effectiveness. The investigate target is country pupils in NanTou county of Taiwan. The sample number is about 709 pupils, which are studying in the fifth and sixth grade of the primary schools. After statistical analysis with SPSS12 software，the researcher obtained some important results as below： 1.The cognition of digital intellectual property could directly affect the attitude but independent of intention to digital pirate. 2.Both intention and perceived behavioral control may affect digital piracy behavior directly. 3.The significant components that could directly affect intention to digital pirate are attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, free software identity and moral obligation, and the attitude has the greatest effect on the intention to digital pirate. 4.The digital piracy intention is also associated with pupil’s gender, grade, daily time spent online and watching movies in different way. Finally, researcher hope the outcome of this empirical study will help teachers to improve the pupil’s internet ethical literacy.

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
社會與區域發展學系碩士班
101
The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of the elementary school senior students’ wetland environmental awareness、new ecological paradigm and attitude of the environmental rights, as well as the relationships between wetland environmental awareness、new ecological paradigm and attitude of the environmental rights in the New Taipei City. The study also examined the variations of the wetland environmental awareness、new ecological paradigm and attitude of the environmental rights in the students with different characteristics. Based on “ the questionnaire of the wetland environmental awareness、new ecological paradigm and attitude of the environmental rights towards wetland of elementary school senior students” designed by the researcher as a tool to collect relative data. Survey a total of 558 valid samples. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t test, one way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation methods, multiple regression analysis. Supplemented with 12 students and 2 teachers to conduct qualitative research interview, comparing the two results. Based on the data analysis results, the main results of the study were as follows: 1. Students of wetlands school “The major sources of the wetland environmental knowledge ” were from introduction by teachers in the classroom, visits to environmental education center ,on-side to the site for outdoor education, but students of not wetlands school were from family and computer network. 2. As to the awareness towards wetlands environmental of elementary school senior students, significant differences were found in whether it is the wetland school, whether the educational background of their mothers, whether know the definition of the wetland, whether know the name of the wetland, whether join school hold the wetland studies abroad and experiences. 3. As to the new ecological paradigm towards wetlands environmental of elementary school senior students, significant differences were found in whether it is the wetland school, whether the educational background of their parents, whether know the definition of the wetland, whether know the name of the wetland, whether join school hold the wetland studies abroad and experiences. 4. As to the attitude of the environmental rights towards wetlands environmental of elementary school senior students, significant differences were found in various genders and whether it is the wetland school, whether the educational background of their parents, whether know the definition of the wetland, whether know the name of the wetland. 5. There were statistically significant positive correlations among awareness of the wetland environment, the new ecological paradigm and the attitude of the environmental rights. 6. Addition the intervening variables “awareness of the wetland environment”, Student background variables, the explanatory power of new ecological paradigm and the explanatory power of attitude of the environmental rights improved significantly. Finally, according to the research specific recommendations for education authorities, schools, teachers and researchers in the future reference

碩士
國立臺中教育大學
社會科教育學系碩士班
97
The main purpose of this study is to explore the contents of basic rights of constitution, and examine the present situation of the cognition of basic rights of constitution among public servants in Taichung City Government. Meanwhile, it will analyze the difference on the cognition in the public servant groups with different background variables. In the study, the first step was to analyze relative literatures about the meanings, contents and researches of basic rights of constitution in Taiwan to set up the standard of study tool. Then, used a self-edited “Questionnaire for the opinion of basic rights of constitution among public servants in Taiwan” for public servants in Taichung City Government to carry out the survey, and collected 484 valid questionnaires. All of the data was analyzed by different statistics methods including frequency distribution, t-test and Anova. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1. Based on literature analysis, the contents of basic rights of constitution were protection scope and violation boundary. 2. Generally speaking, public servants in Taichung City Government were demonstrated as medium average level on the cognition of basic rights of constitution. However, the public servants didn’t have enough awareness on the violation boundary of basic rights. 3. Regarding the difference on the cognition of basic rights of constitution with different background variables, public servants with different education level, job grade and main source of constitutional knowledge were the reasons to have significant difference on the cognition of basic rights. However, public servants with different genders, ages, departments and seniorities were not showed significant differences on the respect of cognition. According to the main conclusions of this study, the researcher provided specific suggestions. They could help the public sectors carry on the Constitution in Education, and they could be the references of the following research.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
In 1994, the Persuasion Knowledge Model (PKM) was published. This model describes how targets (for example, consumers) respond to persuasion attempts from agents (for example, marketers) – and it has since gone on to become one of the most widely cited theories in the consumer research literature. Spurred by technological innovations, the marketing environment has undergone extensive alteration throughout the past two decades. As a result, there are presently more frequent and varied opportunities for business-to-consumer and consumer-to-consumer interactions, relative to the mid-1990s. Consequently, the nature of persuasion episodes has evolved beyond the descriptions offered by the PKM, especially with regard to consumers’ ability to access and use their persuasion knowledge to defend against persuasion attempts. However, it appears that no efforts have been made to update and expand the model to reflect these changes and their associated implications. This research project therefore seeks to address this oversight, which will help to ensure the continued utility and relevance of an important element of the consumer behaviour field. Across three studies, this dissertation outlines how seemingly innocuous influences can bypass consumers’ persuasion defences (that is, their persuasion knowledge). The first study presents a meta-analysis of 27 research papers, regarding ‘positivity-inspired false familiarity’; an effect determined to be reliably of a small-to-medium size. The implications of this finding are investigated through a detailed summary of the persuasion literature, from which a process-based explanation of the potential for persuasion knowledge circumvention is derived. These processes are further explored in the second study, which examines the psychological and biological attributes underlying attitude formation and execution. The purpose of this study is to ensure that the processes driving consumers’ responses during persuasion episodes can be adequately captured, measured, and interpreted. Five scale modifications are proposed and assessed, with two deemed to be both reliable and valid. Finally, the third study combines insights from the first two studies. Two experiments show that consumer persuasion knowledge can be circumvented by priming pre-existing, semantic associations – which are processed fluently, in an automatic and nonconscious manner. Three p-curve analyses and a mini-meta-analysis are also conducted, which promote confidence in this conclusion, by demonstrating that this ‘mere-association effect’ has evidential value, and is reliably of a medium size. Together, these three studies contribute to the development of 1) a modified version of the PKM, when ‘mere-association’ occurs; and 2) a summary model describing the various factors involved when consumers fluently process semantic associations. These two models have implications for marketers’ communication and branding activities; for consumer education programs; and for policy agencies’ regulatory considerations. Limitations and future research priorities are also discussed.

碩士
臺北市立教育大學
社會學習領域教學碩士學位班
99
The major purposes of this research were to discuss the relationship between the cognition of children’s rights and disciplinary behaviors of disability special education teachers in Taipei elementary schools. This study adopted a questionnaire survey method and used the self-designed questionnaires as research tool to investigate. The target population was disability special education teachers in Taipei elementary schools, and 173 valid questionnaires in total were obtained. According to the answers given by the respondents, data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson product-moment correlation and Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis. According to the results of analyses, conclusions are drawn as follows: 1.There were no significant differences in disability special education teachers’ cognition of children’s rights and disciplinary behaviors of different sex. 2.There were significant differences in disability special education teachers’ cognition of freedom right, disciplinary procedure, disciplinary attitude of different age. 3.There were no significant differences in disability special education teachers’ cognition of children’s rights in different training background, but the result opposite in disciplinary procedure and disciplinary method. 4.There were significant differences in disability special education teachers’ cognition of educational right, disciplinary behaviors, disciplinary procedure, disciplinary attitude of different served years. 5.There were significant differences in disability special education teachers’ cognition of children’s rights, freedom right, equality right of different kind of class. 6.There were significant differences in disability special education teachers’ cognition of living right of different duties. 7.The disability special education teacher had participated in study programs related to human rights have greater recognition of living right. 8.The disability special education teacher had participated in study programs related to discipline have greater disciplinary behaviors, disciplinary procedure, disciplinary attitude. 9.Positive correlation was found between disability special education teachers’ cognition of children’s right and disciplinary behaviors. 10.The disability special education teachers’ cognition of children’s rights predicted disciplinary behaviors. The study proposes each individual advice according to the research findings and conclusion so that it provides as a reference to educational administration institutions, schools, teachers and future researches.

碩士
國立臺北大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
98
Enterprises often pursuit their external growth through the combination of strategic means to achieve their expansion capabilities and maintain their competitive edges, while the acquisition is one of the main strategic means. For the external growth of an enterprise, the strategic means of acquisition and merger would provide a faster, gradual and expected consequence. According to the employees who have experienced the process of merger or acquisition in a multi-national pharmaceutical company (American, European and Japanese enterprises), this study is to investigate the correlation between their employees’ cognition for rights and interests, job satisfaction and turnover intention. Furthermore, from the research and reference papers, this study would analyze the differences in demographic variables between respondents’ employees’ cognition for rights and interests, job satisfaction and turnover intention. In this study, the questionnaire survey with closed questions was facilitated and the total sampling is 180 respondents who have experienced the process of merger or acquisition in a multi-national pharmaceutical company (American, European and Japanese enterprises). There are 177 valid questionnaires collected and the effective rate is 98%. By means of the SPSS statistical software, there are 7 analytical methods applied: 1. Descriptive statistics analysis, 2. Factor analysis, 3. Reliability analysis, 4. Pearson correlation analysis, 5. Independent sample t test, 6. One-way ANOVA , 7. Regression analysis. Compiled by the above analysis, the conclusions are as follows: 1. The employees’ cognition for rights and interests is positively associated with job satisfaction. 2. The job satisfaction and turnover intention to be negative correlation. 3. The employees’ cognition for rights and interests is negatively correlated with turnover intention. 4. The job satisfaction is a mediator in the employees’ cognition for rights and interests toward turnover intention. 5. The employees’ cognition for rights and interests, job satisfaction and turnover intention are significantly different in some demographic variables.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
公民教育與活動領導學系在職進修碩士班
100
This study aims to find out the extent of the junior high school teachers’ student human rights, the extent of the junior high school teachers’ positive discipline and the relation between these two. The study is conducted with questionnaires designed based on literature review and related empirical studies. The questionnaires were distributed to the junior high school teachers in Taichung County, and 686 valid questuonnaires. According to the answers given by the respondents, date were analyzed by using descriptive statistic, t-test, one way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation and Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis. Then the collected data were analyzed and discussed. The major findings of this study were summarized as follows: 1.The junior high school teachers in Taichung County show the good cognition of student human rights with the highest satisfaction in “the basic rights of procedure.” 2.The junior high school teachers in Taichung County show high sense of positive discipline with the highest satisfaction in “the reasonable disciplinary manner and measures.” 3.The variance analysis of teachers’ cognition of student human rights shows that variables such as “gender” , “education” , “teachers background” , “working years” , “job title” , “study” , “school scale” , “school area” have significant differences in the teachers’ student human rights . 4.The variance analysis of teachers’ positive discipline shows that variables such as “gender” , “teachers background” , “job title” , “study” , “school scale” , “school area” have significant differences in the teachers’ positive discipline. 5.There is a positive correlation between teachers’ cognition of student human rights and teachers’ positive discipline, which means the better the teachers’ student human rights is, the better the teachers’ positive discipline is, and vice versa. 6.Simultaneous multiple regression indicates that teachers’ cognition of student human rights ample explanation to teachers’ positive discipline .All the aspects of teachers’ positive discipline account entirely for 55.8%％ of variance, and among them, “equal rights”, “the rights of personal development”, “the basic rights of procedure” has the greatest influence. 7.There is a canonical correlation between the junior high school teachers’ cognition of student human rights and positive discipline.

碩士
國立中正大學
勞工研究所
99
Abstract With literature exploration, the author discusses cognitive ability and theoretic foundation of vocational and high school students and analyzes current conditions and issues of part-time working. Questionnaire “The study of the cognition degree of labor rights and interests for high school students with part-time jobs” based on the articles on rights and protection channels for high school students was made and sent to 1588 students in Yunlin County, Chiayi County, Chiayi City and Nantou County. A total of 723 questionnaires were issued and 658 were collected with 510 valid ones (rate at 70.5%). The T-test and one way ANOVA help us checking differences of part-time working students outside schools in cognitive degree of labor rights. The significant conclusions include: students have low cognitive degree on “working hours,” “rest and holidays” and “compensation on occupational disasters.” Students from public schools have higher cognitive degree than counterparts from private schools; higher graders have higher cognitive degree than medium and lower graders; students from high schools and general high schools have higher cognitive degree than those from vocational high schools; students from home economics departments have lower cognitive degree than those in other departments; students in towns and townships have lower cognitive degree than those in county-controlled cities and province-controlled cities. The author proposes the following suggestions based on preceding conclusions: 1. Government competent authority shall enhance employment service platform against part-time working students from different backgrounds and strengthen their cognitive degree subject to schools, areas and properties. 2. Schools shall enhance basic knowledge of units in charge of labor rights at schools for part-time working students, provide safety protection network in connection with community resources and offer selected course of “labor rights of part-time working students.” 3. When working outside school, part-time working students shall make good use of resources from websites of the government and private sector as well as phone lines; they shall not only pay attention to making money. The first priority is their study. 4. Suggestions for future studies (1)This study covers Yunlin County, Chiayi County, Chiayi City and Nantou County and results may not be applied to students in other places. Study scope is recommended to be expanded. (2)The author does not explore the causes to the findings in this study. Future researchers may have exploration on the causes to the differences. Keywords: part-time working students, labor rights, cognitive degree

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
公民教育與活動領導學系在職進修碩士班
93
The Cognition and Attitude of Student Rights for Student Affairs ---A study on the staffs and students at a university of science and technology in the middle Taiwan Abstract This study aims at discovering the present situation of the cognition and attitude of student rights in relation to student affairs at one of the universities of science and technology in the middle Taiwan. The stratified purposive sampling was used to select the subjects of the research. The questionnaire is used, to the effect that 60 ones were sent to the faculty and administrative personnel as the result of the response rate of 93.3% and the valid rate of 98.2%. Moreover, 823 ones were sent to students in the campus, and had the response rate of 96.5% and valid rate of 98.2%. The figures were analyzed by statistic methods, such as mean, standard deviation, t test, one-way ANOVA, single regression and typical analysis. For students, the results of the cognition of student rights are: 1. college students have weaker awareness of liberty rights; 2. students who used to be group chiefs have clear understandings of beneficial rights and general legal knowledge; 3. students from families of the low social status value social justice and fairness higher than those from the high social status. In addition, the result of the attitudes is: 1. “beneficial rights” and “due process of law” were mostly emphasized; 2. students from the lower grades value more on student rights than those from higher ones; 3. the students from the college of the humanities are more serious and positive about student rights. For staffs, the results are: 1. Exception of liberty rights, all the staffs had higher understandings of student rights in general; 2. there was no significant difference about the cognition of student rights in relation to the background of the staffs except for genders and religious beliefs. The attitudes of the staffs with respect of student rights are: 1. they scored higher on “due process of law” and “beneficial rights”; 2. with regard to gender background, it diverged greatly over the attitudes towards beneficial rights, the due process of law and general legal knowledge. College students were of significant positive correlations between the cognition and the attitudes about student rights. Staffs showed the same results. There were significant typical correlations between the values and attitudes of college students. Based on the findings, some suggestions of student affairs are propose to the university. Keyword: Student rights Student Affairs

碩士
中州技術學院
工程技術研究所
98
Abstact This research is to probe into the influnece on role cognition and duty cognition of policewomen on external work after after the equal law of gender is implemented. Regarding personal background attributes as independent variable, the equal law of gender, role cognition of policewome, duty cognition of policewome are considered as dependent variables,and find out the relation between the equal law of the gender work and role cognition、duty cognition of policewomen. Futher more, probe into how the effects the intermediary parameters such as the equal law of gender, role cognition of policewomen, duty cognition of policewomen takes. In order to reach above-mentioned purposes, this research adopts the investigation method of the questionnaire.The relation between role cognition and duty cognition of policewome and the equal law of gender are grouped into as studying aims with the researcher, regarding policewomen of Changhua government organizations as the research objects, retrieving 62 questionnaires altogether. Among them the effective sample is 62, analyze this material through several statistical methods such as describing statistical analysis, t-test analysis, variation analysis, relevant analysis and multiple regression analysis, and then draw the conclusions. Finally, the outcomes of this research can be cited and put forward to concrete suggestions about the safety policy and important indicators.

Copyright law is a special category of civil law which, with the upswing of the Internet, has become important for different types of stakeholders in the global information society. The 'participative web' operates with content generated by users. This user-generated content has often disputable origins in terms of copyright clearance. The Internet has opened the possibility for developing new forms of communication between anonymous or individual users who are not easily identifiable. Especially peer-to-peer file sharing and recently the information services offered and operated by the so-called 'cyberlockers' are the reason of questioning the role of copyright protection online which needs a beneficial solution. Copyright infringement in the era of information society is a complex phenomenon with a multiplicity of contributing factors like the importance of information data with big business potential, personal attitudes shown by internet users towards the value and scarcity of intellectual property, or legal responsibility of internet service providers (ISP) who paradoxically act from the safety of the so-called safe harbours as intermediaries of information exchange, representing a new element in the communication chain between rights holders and users. Commercial and business models operating...