Дисертації з теми "Mer – Niveau – Persique, Golfe"
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Arhan, Damien. "Dynamiques des lignes de rivage et occupation humaine dans l'émirat d'Abu Dhabi à l'Holocène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL114.
Повний текст джерелаThe coastlines of Abu Dhabi, and more broadly, those of the Arabian Gulf, have played a major role in the development of human populations during the Holocene. At the same time, these environments appear to be highly vulnerable. In addition to being subject to regional climatic variations, they have also been heavily influenced by shoreline mobilities, partially controlled by sea-level fluctuations. Studying these fluctuations is therefore essential for reconstructing the paleogeographic evolution of the coasts upon which societies depended. This thesis presents a synthesis of these variations and associated paleoenvironmental changes, supported by the contribution of new fieldwork results, a review of previously published research and modelling work based on the creation of Sea-Level Index Points, both in Abu Dhabi and across the entire southern shore of the Gulf. Adopting a geoarchaeological approach, the study integrates archaeological data to replace archaeological sites within their paleoenvironmental context. Despite relatively small metric variations, the results indicate significant impacts on shoreline morphology, marked by very low elevations. They also enable archaeological maps to be put into perspective. Lastly, they confirm the existence of relative sea-level variations resulting from landmass uplift and subsidence. The identified trajectories reveal substantial regional disparities and underscore the complexity and interplay of isostatic, neotectonic and diapiric mechanisms
Randjbar, Fazlollah. "Le droit international de la mer dans le Golfe persique." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10024.
Повний текст джерелаThe persian gulf is a sea. So it is registered by the international convention, in particular the one of 1982. At the same time, the persian gulf is a particular case because it is a semi-closed sea. Its access is controled by the hormuz strait. The particular structure of the persian gulf as a semi-closed sea should encourage all of riverside countries to cooperate as it is demanded by the article 123 of the convention of united nations organisation of 10 of december 1982. According to the common interest, a regional regulation should be established to obtain a commun definition of territorial limits of each of the riverside countries. As all of the important ecological patrimonies, the preservation of the quality of the water of the persian gulf has a supra-regional interest. Therefore it is necessary to search adequate means to struggle against its pollution
Randjbar, Fazlollah. "Le Droit international de la mer dans le Golfe Persique." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600634b.
Повний текст джерелаHojjatzadeh, Alireza. "Le Golfe persique en tant que mer régionale et semi-fermée : aspects juridiques." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020009.
Повний текст джерелаThe persian gulf is a regional sea, since it is integral part of the united nations environment programme for regional seas. The convention of montego bay uses the term region several times. That being the case, what is a region? and what is a maritime region in the sense of the convention of montego bay? what criteria must one retain? closed and semi-enclosed seas become real regions (caribbean, persian gulf,. . . ). If the closed and semi-enclosed sea notion constitutes in definitive a particular geographical framework on which coastal states base themselves in order to develop a more active cooperation and to insure rational and scientifical management of biological resources and the preservation of their seas, there is reason to consider that the persian gulf is a semi-enclosed sea. With the importance of the problems of the persian gulf and the extent of contradictory situations including those that concern the maritime boundary delimitation as well as the protection of the marine environment, the rules of the law of the sea are susceptible to regionalisation
Amir-Ardjomande, Ardéchir. "Les droits de l'Iran dans le Golfe persique : l'application des règles du droit international de la mer en temps de paix, en temps des conflits armés." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR30013.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis intends to develop, through an evolutionary perspective, the application by Iran of the rules of the international law of the sea in time of peace and of armed conflicts. The unique economic and strategic situation of the Persian gulf in the world and foreign interventions has made this region a center of tension, where the new world organization will partially come true after the disintegration of the warsaw pact. As a semi-enclosed sea, the Persian gulf raises a series of problems related to the management of the resources, the international navigation and the preservation of the marine environment, which jusitfy the recognition of a special status elaborated at the regional level. In this context, the delimitation of the respective jurisdiction zones should be accomplished in a spirit of justice and equity, according to the principle of equidistance. The problem of access to the persian gulf should be solved by a regional convention which should adopt a special status for the Strait of Hormuz. The analysis of the legality of the belligerent and non belligerent states'behaviours in the war of the gulf confirms the desuetudes of the traditional rules of the law of naval warfare. It seems that new customary rules have come about, as a result of practices followed in this war, particularly in the matter of the law of neutrality
Lahabi, Omid. "Aspects juridiques de la politique maritime iranienne dans le golfe Persique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA011.
Повний текст джерелаThe Persian Gulf has always been the crossroad of world trade. The Persian Gulf is today the vital corridor of global energy supply. According to statistics 18 million barrels of oil pass through this sea and the Strait of Hormuz every day. Among the coastal countries of the Persian Gulf the role of Iran is crucial due to its geographical location. Iran, with 1200 km, has the widest coastline on the Persian Gulf, it is also one of the two coastal states to the Strait of Hormuz wich is the only shipping route of the Persian Gulf to the rest of the world. This is why Iran's maritime policy and its law of the sea legislation are critical in the region. This thesis tries to explore these policies and legislations of Iran
Ortlieb, Luc. "Néotectonique et variations du niveau marin au Quaternaire dans la région du golfe de Californie, Mexique /." Paris : Ed. de l'ORSTOM, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349546004.
Повний текст джерелаAndré, Gaël. "Échanges côte-large à moyenne échelle au niveau de la pente continentale du Golfe du Lion : processus et modélisation." Toulon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUL0018.
Повний текст джерелаDynamics of water mass exchanges between the Gulf of Lions (GoL) and the open sea are driven by several physical processes, which influence circulation at several spacio-temporal scales. This study, based on a realistic modelling during two years, aims to bring a better knowledge of circulation and hydrodynamics processes occurring in the NW Mediterranean Sea and in the GoL. Firstly, the NW Mediterranean Basin circulation modelled during the year 2001 is compared with Sea Surface Temperature (SST) satellite measurements (AVHRR) and with the MEDATLAS climatology. These comparisons show a good agreement concerning surface patterns and seasonal variability of the large scale circulation. At lower scale, several processes influence circulation over the shelf and the GoL's continental slope. These processes are studied by comparing model results to SST and chlorophyll satellite measurements. Secondly, an improved modelling configuration had been used with in-situ measurements collected during the ECOLOPHY experiment (June - December 2005) to investigate the mesoscale variability generated on the onshore Northern Current (NC) front. The one-year time series of ADCP current measurements revealed that mesoscale activity strengthens during winter due to seasonal variability of the NC and to local wind effect. Current fluctuations evidenced by meanders and eddies, are attributed to baroclinic and barotropic instability processes. Finally, modelling test cases show that wind forcing and bathymetry influence the generation of these instabilities
Gadhoumi, Mohamed Hédi. "Extension de l'echelle de salinite pratique (1978) et de l'equation d'etat (1980) pour les eaux de mer de fortes salinites; application aux eaux de mer, aux eaux du canal de suez, du golfe de suez et du golfe arabo-persique." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066750.
Повний текст джерелаLachenal, Anne-Marie. "Ecologie des ostracodes du domaine méditerranéen : application au golfe de Gabès (Tunisie orientale) : les variations du niveau marin depuis 30 000 ans." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10037.
Повний текст джерелаUllmann, Albin. "Surcotes dans le Golfe du Lion et conditions atmosphériques : variabilité contemporaine et future (1905-2100)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00305449.
Повний текст джерелаAbessolo, Ondoa Grégoire. "Réponse des plages sableuses d'Afrique de l'Ouest, golfe de Guinée, face au forçage multi-échelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30029.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents a multi-scale investigation of the role of waves, sea level and human settlements to understand long-term coastal evolution of the 400-km long sandy Bight of Benin coast (Gulf of Guinea, West Africa). Coastal morphology and its ocean drivers are monitored using local shore-based video camera and regional satellite remote sensing. New video developpements show the potential of video camera in sensing daily beach profile, waves and sea level at the coast. The results reveal the dominant influence of waves on shoreline variability at the event (daily) and seasonal scales, whereas at the intraseasonal and interannual scales, the shoreline is dominantly modulated by sea level changes. Over longer periods (decades), anthropogenic influence, such as deep water harbours and the reduction of sediment river (such as Volta and Niger) discharge due to dams significantly alter sediment transport, creating several erosion zones. These observations over the long term are satisfactorily reproduced by the implemented shoreline model, specially in the vicinity of the harbors, and allows to estimate, for example, the amount of sediment nourishment necessary to limit erosion downstream of Lagos harbor. Beside their fundamental interest, these results put strong basis to improve regional coastal policies
Dussurget, Renaud. "Apport de l'altimétrie à l'étude des tourbillons à méso et subméso-échelle : application régionale au Golfe de Gascogne." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2739/.
Повний текст джерелаThe Bay of Biscay, in the North East Atlantic, is the scene of a particularly complex ocean dynamics in which the slope current plays a role in the development of (sub)mesoscale structures offshore, contributing to water exchanges between the continental shelf and the open ocean. Thanks to long time series and its precision, altimetry is an ideal tool to their observation. Due to the regional dynamics, it is necessary to benefit from recent advances in coastal altimetry. First, wavelet analysis was developed to determine the observability of the (sub)mesoscale: these processes are currently under evaluated in maps of sea level. A regional fine scale mapping methodology was then put in place over a period of optimal spatial coverage (4 satellites, 2002-2005). Regional maps were then the subject of intense intercomparison using independent observations (in-situ & satellite). Fine-scale mapping improve regional estimates of eddy kinetic energy levels compared to standard data as well as the of the slope current variability. Filaments based on the Lyapunov exponents, derived from our regional maps, are more consistent with satellite images. A sequence of fine-scale eddy detachment from the slope current is made possible by the combined use of regional sea level maps, satellite images and in-situ data. The spatial and temporal variability of the meso and submeso-scale dynamics can then be studied and phase lags are observed between the continental slope and offshore variability. Finally, this thesis opens up the perspective of observations, including the provision of areas for the development of regional mapping methodologies and the improvement observational error budgets. These methodological developments can be extended to other regions and altimetry datasets. Regional maps provide an important observation for the interpretation of the Bay of Biscay ocean dynamics and for the validation of regional models
Letetrel, Camille. "Mouvements verticaux à la surface de la Terre par altimétrie radar embarquée sur satellite, marégraphie et GPS. : un exemple d'application : le Golfe du Mexique." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555566.
Повний текст джерелаNahon, Alphonse. "Évolution morphologique actuelle d'une flèche littorale holocène : le Cap Ferret, à l'embouchure du Bassin d'Arcachon." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0182/document.
Повний текст джерелаLow rates of global sea level rise have allowed the Cap Ferret coastal barrier-spit to develop since about 3 000 years ago. Over the last 250 years, navigation charts attest of a significant instability of the distal end of the spit, to which the present study aims to provide a physical explanation. First, the crossing of cartographic data with meteoceanic data reveals a strong relationship of the spit-end behaviour with, on the one hand, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and, on the other hand, decadal to multidecadal variations in the rate of sea level rise in the Northeast Atlantic. Underlying processes were then investigated using a numerical model for sediment transport. Finally, the chronic erosion of the spit between 1986 and 2016, as well as the evolution mechanisms of the oceanic beach of the spit-end are described and quantified by means of topographic data. Locally, these results support the role of climate in the ongoing erosion of the spit-end. From a wider perspective, this study brings new insigths on the processes controling the evolution of Holocene barrier systems, in the present context of an accelerating sea level rise
Vic, Clément. "Western Boundary Dynamics in the Arabian Sea." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0060/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD aims to investigate some western boundary processes in the Arabian Sea : (i) the life cycle of the socalled Great Whirl, a persistent mesoscale eddy; (ii) the dynamics of the Persian Gulf outflow, a marginal sea dense outflow; and (iii) the seasonal Oman upwelling, a coastal upwelling forced by summermonsoonal winds. The cornerstone of all these phenomena is their locationat a western boundary, which makes then being influenced by both localforcing (e.g., monsoonal winds) and remote forcing (Rossby waves and wesward drifting eddies). Specifically, the later are expected to impact the western boundary dynamics since the low latitude of the Arabian Sea implies a fast westward propagation of long Rossby waves and eddies. Moreover, waves are continously excited by the reversing monsoonal winds. Based on a primitive equation model, we designed numerical experiments of different complexity that allowed to either realistically simulate the dynamics in the Arabian Sea or to isolate some processes.Major findings can be summarized as follows : (i) The Great Whirl life cycle is found to be significantly paced by annual Rossby waves, although the strong monsoonal wind stress curl is of major importance to sustain the structure. (ii) The Persian Gulf Water (PGW) spreading in the Gulf of Oman and the northern Arabian Sea can be explained by the stirring done by eddies entering the Gulf. These remotely formed surface intensifed mesoscale eddies propagate into the Gulf and interact with the topography. Frictional interactions produce intense vorticity strips at the boundary that detach and roll up in the interior, forming submesoscale coherent vortices (SCV). These SCV trap PGW initially located on the slope and redistribute it in the interior. This mechanism of transport ultimately produces mixing that explains the large-scale gradient of salinity in the gulf. (iii) We find that the dynamics of the seasonal upwelling of Oman contrasts with the more deeply studied Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS). In particular, Rossby waves, propagating offshore in EBUS vs. onshore in this western boudary upwelling, are found to modulate the wind driven upwelling and its sea surface temperature response.Overall, these results appear to be rather specific to the Arabian Sea. The short zonal extent and the low-latitude of the Arabian Sea, as well as the seasonally reversing wind forcing are the distinguishing features of this region. Fast waves and drifting eddies and their interactions with the western boundary significantly shape the turbulent regimes of the western Arabian Sea
Halouani, Ghassen. "Modélisations de la dynamique trophique d'un écosystème Méditerranéen exploité : le Golfe de Gabès (Tunisie)." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0076/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of trophic structure and functioning of the gulf of Gabes in Tunisia. In order to reconcile environmental concerns and exploitation of marine resources, different ecosystem models have been developed to study the ecosystem dynamics and contribute to the discussion on the implementation of management plans. A spatial and temporal dynamic model “Ecospace” was built to evaluate the ecosystem consequences of different management measures based on scenarios derived from the current regulation. The results of simulations allowed to investigate the interactions between coastal and benthic trawl fishing and to identify areas where management measures are effective. An end-to-end model has been applied to the gulf of Gabes ecosystem to represent the dynamics of 11 high trophic level species, from climate forcing to fishing.This modelling approach consists in forcing the individual-based model "OSMOSE" by a biogeochemical model "ECO3M-Med". This model allowed to establish a coherent representation of the food web and simulate theoretical management scenarios of spatial fishing closure. The end-to-end model has also been used to study the sensitivity of a set of ecological indicators to fishing pressure. The simulation of different levels of fishing mortality showed that size indicators were the most relevant to monitor the impact of fishing in the gulf of Gabes. Finally, a comparative approach between several Mediterranean ecosystems was applied using the EcoTroph model to compare their trophic structures and explore the effects of different levels of fishing pressure through the analysis of their trophic spectra
Mauffrey, Marie-Aline. "Impact des variations du climat et du niveau marin sur les canyons sous-marins du Golfe du Lion (France) et de la marge de l'Ebre (Catalogne) au cours du Plio-Quaternaire." Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0047/document.
Повний текст джерелаClimate and sea-level changes with various magnitudes control continental erosion, sediment transport and its delivery to the deep basin. Submarine canyons, that are erosional features at a first glance, are conduits for sediment transport from the continental shelf to the deep sea. Little studies focused on the relationship between canyon infill, sediment delivery and sea-level variations. The chronology of canyon development and evolution through geological time remains speculative. This thesis is dedicated to the understanding of the genesis of submarine canyons in the western Mediterranean Sea during the Plio-Quaternary. This period occurred after the major erosion of Mediterranean continental margins during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Canyons were initiated by retrogressive erosion during the Pliocene. They further developed in relation with the amplification of sea-level changes during the Quaternary (up to 150 m). The results are based on a large range of 2D and 3D seismic data resolution and chrono-stratigraphic constraints. The stratigraphic signature of Milankovitch (mainly 100 and 40 ka) is revealed within canyon heads. Rapid climate and sea-level changes (Bond Cycles) have also a distinct signature by controlling the type and amount of sediment delivered in canyon heads, and the connection/disconnection with fluvial systems
Lamouroux, Julien. "Erreurs de prévision d'un modèle océanique barotrope du Golfe de Gascogne en réponse aux incertitudes sur les forçages atmosphériques : caractérisation et utilisation dans un schéma d'assimilation de données à ordre réduit." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00107174.
Повний текст джерелаFossi, Fotsi Yannick. "Dynamique morpho-sédimentaire de l’estuaire du Wouri, Cameroun." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS012.
Повний текст джерелаThe Wouri estuary, located in the heart of the Gulf of Guinea and open to the Atlantic Ocean, is subject to a wide range of atmospheric, oceanic, continental and anthropic influences at different time scales (short and long term) controlling its evolution. The first part of this thesis, based on archives dating back to the 20th century, allows us to reconstruct the history of the evolution of the Wouri estuary coastline. At the same time, in order to determine the evolution trends of the water levels, to quantify and qualify the kinematics of the coastline and the bottoms in the estuary, an inventory, digitization and analysis of historical documents was carried out. This allowed to record an evolution of the average level at a rate of about 25mm/year in 17 years (2002 - 2019). The results revealed a predominance of variations dominated by erosion downstream and conversely by accretion upstream, over the 64-year period (1948-2012). These trends are accentuated by the presence of amplifying factors (anthropogenic pressure and climate change). In order to study the hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes in the short term, a numerical modeling of the tidal propagation and the distribution of salinities and fine sediments was performed using TELEMAC 3D (calibrated and validated thanks to in-situ measurements acquired during 2019). The tide showed an asymmetry dominated by the ebb in its lower part and inversely by the flood in its upper part. The distribution of salinity allowed to characterize the estuary from well mixed in spring tide, particularly in low water to stratified in neap tide, particularly in flood period. Seasonal variations of the river regime have shown a longitudinal migration of the position of the maximum turbidity zone : upstream during low water and downstream during high water with a massive export of sediments in the intermediate and downstream part of the estuary. In a current context of climate change associated with strong anthropogenic impacts, this study highlights the need to use historical archives, in-situ data coupled with a numerical model to better understand the past and present evolution of hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics
Dietrich, Pierre. "Faciès, architectures stratigraphiques et dynamiques sédimentaires en contexte de régression forcée glacio-isostatique : la réponse pro- à paraglaciaire des complexes deltaïques de la Côte Nord de l'Estuaire et du Golf du Saint-Laurent (Québec, Canada)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe North Shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf is characterized by the presence of deltaic complexes that were emplaced under falling Relative Sea Level (RSL) forced by the glacio-isostatic rebound, immediately after the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) margin. The study of three deltaic complexes reveals that a common morphostratigraphic evolution forced by the retreat of the LIS prevailed for the edification of these structures, reflecting the retreat of the LIS margin. The emplacement of subaqueous outwash fans beyond the retreating or stillstanding glaciomarine margin constitutes the first stage of this evolution. As tied to the ice-margin position, these fans are characterized in places by a backstepping stacking pattern, in spite of the forced regressive setting. From the emergence of a continental ice front, the proglacial deltaic system develops and forms lobes staged accordingly to the RSL fall. These deltaic systems actively prograde at that time because they are fed in glaciogenics by the retreating LIS margin through braided meltwater streams. In spite of the RSL fall reaching several centimeters per years, no fluvial entrenchment occurs mainly owing to the significant amount of sediment supply. Later, when the LIS margin retreats from the drainage basins of feeding rivers, fluvial systems experience a drastic drop in sediment supply that forced the interruption of the deltaic progradation and the onset of paraglacial reworking. The paraglacial reworking consists in the entrenchment of a meandering fluvial system within former deltaic deposits and shows the prevalence of shallow-marine processes (waves, tides) at the delta rim (raised beaches, marine terraces). This study reveals that the bulk of the deltaic volume (c.a. 10-20 km3) for each complex was emplaced in only a few thousands of years following the LIS margin retreat when the latter was still located in the drainage basin. The paraglacial reworking had a minor influence on the deltaic accretion. A forward stratigraphic model (Dionisos) is used to validate the variety of forcing as understood from the sedimentary analysis. A synthesis including 21 deltaic complexes of the St. Lawrence North Shore allowed the establishment of a fourfold categorization. This scheme of deltaic evolution was used in order to refine the position of the LIS margin retreating upland for a period ranging from 12 to 7.5 ka cal BP