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Статті в журналах з теми "Mentally ill Housing Victoria"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Korr, Wynne S., and Antoine Joseph. "Housing the Homeless Mentally Ill." Journal of Social Service Research 21, no. 1 (February 6, 1996): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j079v21n01_04.

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2

Depp, F. C., J. E. Dawkins, N. Selzer, C. Briggs, R. Howe, and G. Toth. "Subsidized housing for the mentally ill." Social Work Research and Abstracts 22, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/swra/22.2.3.

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3

GOLDSTEIN, JILL M., JOSEPH F. DZIOBEK, ROBIN CLARK, and ELLEN L. BASSUK. "Supportive Housing for the Chronically Mentally Ill." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 178, no. 7 (July 1990): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199007000-00002.

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4

Kerson, Toba Schwaber. "Community Housing for Chronically Mentally Ill People." Health & Social Work 14, no. 4 (November 1989): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/14.4.293.

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5

Appel, Philip W., Sam Tsemberis, Herman Joseph, Ana Stefancic, and Dawn Lambert-Wacey. "Housing First for Severely Mentally Ill Homeless Methadone Patients." Journal of Addictive Diseases 31, no. 3 (July 2012): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2012.694602.

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6

Harkness, Joseph, Sandra Newman, George Galster, and James Reschovsky. "The Financial Viability of Housing for Mentally Ill Persons." Housing Policy Debate 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 133–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2004.9521497.

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7

Harkness, Joseph, Sandra Newman, George Galster, and James Reschovsky. "Life-Cycle Costs of Housing for the Mentally Ill." Journal of Housing Economics 6, no. 3 (September 1997): 223–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhec.1997.0212.

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8

Perera, Carlyle, and Beth Wilson. "The treatment and care of mentally ill offenders in Victoria, Australia." Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 3, no. 1 (April 1996): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13218719609524874.

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9

Smith, Carolyn A., Christopher J. Smith, Robin A. Kearns, and Max W. Abbott. "Housing stressors and social support among the seriously mentally Ill." Housing Studies 9, no. 2 (April 1994): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673039408720785.

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10

Baker, Frank, and Charlene Douglas. "Housing environments and community adjustment of severely mentally ill persons." Community Mental Health Journal 26, no. 6 (December 1990): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00752454.

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11

Boyer, Carol A. "Obstacles in urban housing policy for the chronically mentally ill." New Directions for Mental Health Services 1987, no. 36 (1987): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yd.23319873608.

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12

Dixon, Lisa, Nancy Friedman, and Anthony Lehman. "Housing Patterns of Homeless Mentally Ill Persons Receiving Assertive Treatment Services." Psychiatric Services 44, no. 3 (March 1993): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.44.3.286.

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13

Castaneda, Donna, and Robert Sommer. "Patient Housing Options as Viewed by Parents of the Mentally Ill." Psychiatric Services 37, no. 12 (December 1986): 1238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.37.12.1238.

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14

Dickey, Barbara, Eric Latimer, Karen Powers, Olinda Gonzalez, and Stephen M. Goldfinger. "Housing costs for adults who are mentally ill and formerly homeless." Journal of Mental Health Administration 24, no. 3 (June 1997): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02832663.

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15

Goldfinger, Stephen M., Russell K. Schutt, Winston Turner, George Tolomiczenko, and Mark Abelman. "Assessing homeless mentally ill persons for permanent housing: Screening for safety." Community Mental Health Journal 32, no. 3 (June 1996): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02249428.

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16

Sohng, Sung Sil Lee. "Supported housing for the mentally ill elderly: Implementation and consumer choice." Community Mental Health Journal 32, no. 2 (April 1996): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02249751.

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17

Davoli, Joanmarie Ilaria. "No Room at the Inn: How the Federal Medicaid Program Created Inequities in Psychiatric Hospital Access for the Indigent Mentally Ill." American Journal of Law & Medicine 29, no. 2-3 (2003): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800002793.

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Анотація:

Get off [public transportation] at San Francisco's Powell Street station and you enter an open-air asylum. A woman crouches on the sidewalk, screaming obscenities. A man stumbles in circles, haunted by demonic voices. Hands reach out and rattle cups for spare change; voices curse those who pass by. For more than three decades, California has turned its back on those who suffer from severe mental illness, treating them as unfortunate fixtures in our urban landscape rather than as human beings who desperately need medication, treatment and housing in order to cope with their illnesses.California is not alone in turning its back on the severely mentally ill. Because of financial incentives from the federal government, every state continues to close state-run psychiatric hospitals, leaving those who are poor and severely mentally ill with no treatment or care. Many cities have areas similar to San Francisco where the mentally ill suffer in public because it is cheaper to abandon the mentally ill to an open-air asylum than it is to build and fund psychiatric hospitals.

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18

Timms, P. "Management aspects of care for the homeless mentally ill." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2, no. 4 (July 1996): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.2.4.158.

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People with mental illness have always been marginalised and economically disadvantaged. Warner (1987) has shown that this is particularly true in times of high unemployment. Poor inner-city areas have excessive rates of severe mental illness, usually without the health, housing and social service provisions necessary to deal with them (Faris & Dunham, 1959). The majority of those who suffer major mental illness live in impoverished circumstances somewhere along the continuum of poverty. Homelessness, however defined, is the extreme and most marginalised end of this continuum, and it is here that we find disproportionate numbers of the mentally ill.

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19

Furnham, Adrian, and Alastair McClelland. "THE ALLOCATION OF SCARCE RESOURCES: SOCIAL HOUSING." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2004.32.1.45.

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Анотація:

Previous studies on the allocation of scarce medical resources have shown that certain patient variables (e.g. sex, age, number of dependants) significantly affect lay participants' rank ordering of them for costly treatment. This study replicates the methodology of these studies (Furnham, Meader, & McClelland, 1999, Furnham, Simmons, & McClelland, 2000) but using allocation to social housing as the dependent variable. One hundred and sixty-three adults rank ordered sixteen people to be allocated a flat from a housing list. The results indicated that whereas gender made no difference in the decision, nonsmokers were favored over smokers, the mentally healthy over the mentally ill; and those with average intelligence over those with high intelligence. These results are comparable to those from studies looking at the allocation of scarce medical resources.

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20

Tyuse, Sabrina W. "Effectiveness of a Jail Diversion Program in Linking Participants to Federal Entitlements and Stable Housing." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v3i2.1766.

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Jail diversion programs are designed to prevent the incarceration of mentally ill offenders and to facilitate their entrance into appropriate community-based treatment, while also guarding the safety of the general public. This study sought to determine the effectiveness of one such program. Initial outcomes are described for mentally ill offenders who participated in the program. A total of 50 participants completed the following self-report measures: the Government Performance and Result Act (GPRA) instrument, and the Colorado Symptom Index. Participants were interviewed again at 6 and 12 months. Results indicate the program significantly assisted participants in obtaining income supports such as Medicaid, Social Security, and Food Stamp benefits, but had little impact on housing outcomes.

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21

Commander, Martin, Sue Odell, and Sashi Sashidharan. "Birmingham community mental health team for the homeless." Psychiatric Bulletin 21, no. 2 (February 1997): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.21.2.74.

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Анотація:

Mental health services have been criticised for failing to respond to the needs of the rising number of homeless mentally ill. We report on the first year of referrals to a community mental health team established to meet the needs of the severely mentally ill homeless in Birmingham. Most users had a psychotic disorder and a lengthy history of unstable housing, and experienced a range of other disadvantages. Although the team is successfully reaching its priority group, examination of other characteristics of users has highlighted a number of issues which should inform the future planning and development of the service.

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22

Castle, David J. "Letter from Australia: mental healthcare in Victoria." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 17, no. 1 (January 2011): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.110.008375.

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SummaryMental health services in the state of Victoria, Australia, have undergone enormous change over the past 15 years, with the closure of all stand-alone psychiatric hospitals and a shift of resources and services into the community. Although successful overall, various areas cause concern, including pressure on acute beds, a paucity of alternative residential options, and suboptimal integration of government and non-government agencies concerned with the care of people with mental illnesses. Certain groups, notably those with complex symptom sets such as substance use and mental illness, intellectual disability and forensic problems, remain poorly catered for by the system. Finally, community stigma and lack of work inclusion for mentally ill individuals are ongoing challenges.

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23

Lipton, Frank R., Suzanne Nutt, and Albert Sabatini. "Housing the Homeless Mentally Ill: A Longitudinal Study of a Treatment Approach." Psychiatric Services 39, no. 1 (January 1988): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.39.1.40.

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24

Dorvil, Henri, Paul Morin, Alain Beaulieu, and Dominique Robert. "Housing as a Social Integration Factor for People Classified as Mentally Ill." Housing Studies 20, no. 3 (May 1, 2005): 497–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673030500062525.

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25

Kidd, Lori I. "The Test of Our Progress: Affordable Housing for Seriously Mentally Ill Clients." Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 21, no. 2 (April 2007): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2006.12.004.

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26

Rosenfield, Sarah. "Homelessness and rehospitalization: The importance of housing for the chronic mentally ill." Journal of Community Psychology 19, no. 1 (January 1991): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(199101)19:1<60::aid-jcop2290190106>3.0.co;2-l.

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27

Middelboe, Thomas. "Prospective study of clinical and social outcome of stay in small group homes for people with mental illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 171, no. 3 (September 1997): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.171.3.251.

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BackgroundSmall group homes operating according to the principles of supported housing have, during the past five years, become a cornerstone of the housing services for the long-term mentally ill in Copenhagen.MethodDuring a 2.5-year period, 47 long-term mentally ill persons were examined at the time of entry to a group home programme. Residents' psychopathology, social integration, mastery and quality of life were measured by structured interviews, including the Present State Examination (PSE–10); and their social functioning was recorded by interview with the staff. Forty-four of the residents were re-examined at follow-up after a mean of 1.1 years using the same instruments. Data on hospitalisation were obtained through the Danish Psychiatric Case Register.ResultsEighty-three per cent of the residents remained in the programme during the first year. They showed a significant improvement in subjective quality of life, PSE total score, social integration, functioning and hospitalisation index. The number of reciprocal supportive contacts in the social network increased. Lower baseline PSE total score was associated with adherence to the programme, and the improvement in quality of life during their stay was predicted by reduction in symptoms and improvement in social integration.ConclusionsA rehabilitation strategy of supplementing standard psychiatric treatment with a programme of small supportive group homes improves the quality of life, psychosocial functioning and community tenure of the long-term mentally ill.

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28

Harkness, Joseph, Sandra J. Newman, and David Salkever. "The Cost-Effectiveness of Independent Housing for the Chronically Mentally Ill: Do Housing and Neighborhood Features Matter?" Health Services Research 39, no. 5 (October 2004): 1341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00293.x.

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29

Kavanagh, Jacqueline, and Jill Fares. "Using the Model of Human Occupation with Homeless Mentally Ill Clients." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 58, no. 10 (October 1995): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269505801003.

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Анотація:

Since the introduction of community care, the care of mentally Ill people has transferred from hospitals to community settings and has thus resulted in an Increase in the number of people with special housing needs. This development, coupled with the high incidence of mental health problems in the homeless population generally, is problematic for community-based mental health workers because the needs of these people are complex and the demand on services becomes greater. The emerging role of the occupational therapist in this field of care is considered and the model of human occupation Is proposed as a useful theoretical framework to conceptualise the complex needs of this client group.

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30

Wenocur, Stanley, and John R. Belcher. "Strategies for overcoming barriers to community-based housing for the chronically mentally ill." Community Mental Health Journal 26, no. 4 (August 1990): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00752723.

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31

Hurlburt, Michael S., Patricia A. Wood, and Richard L. Hough. "Providing independent housing for the homeless mentally ill: A novel approach to evaluating long-term longitudinal housing patterns." Journal of Community Psychology 24, no. 3 (December 6, 1998): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6629(199607)24:3<291::aid-jcop8>3.0.co;2-#.

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32

Dharwadkar, Nitin. "Effectiveness of an Assertive Outreach Community Treatment Program." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 28, no. 2 (June 1994): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048679409075635.

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Анотація:

The purpose of this paper is to describe an Adult Community Treatment (ACT) program in Dandenong, Victoria, and its effect upon admission rates and time in hospital for 50 of the serviceapos;s most disturbed patients. The implementation of the program was associated with a reduction in the annual re-admission rate from 38% (1989–90) to 21% (1990–91); the total length of hospital stay was also significantly reduced. The results support the value of community support programs in the management of the seriously mentally ill.

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33

Middelboe, Thomas. "Community care for the long-term mentally ill: A review of the housing issue." Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 49, no. 3 (January 1995): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08039489509011901.

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34

Hanrahan, Patricia, Daniel J. Luchins, Courtenay Savage, and Howard H. Goldman. "Housing Satisfaction and Service Use by Mentally Ill Persons in Community Integrated Living Arrangements." Psychiatric Services 52, no. 9 (September 2001): 1206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.52.9.1206.

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35

Ford, Janet, Donald G. Rohner, and Robert L. Obermeyer. "Housing and residential treatment for the mentally ill: Effect on use of inpatient services." Administration and Policy in Mental Health 20, no. 2 (November 1992): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00706077.

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36

Middelboe, T., T. Mackeprang, A. Thalsgaard, and P. B. Christiansen. "A housing support programme for the mentally ill: need profile and satisfaction among users." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 98, no. 4 (October 1998): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10091.x.

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37

Appelbaum, Paul S. "Housing for the Mentally Ill: An Unexpected Outcome of a Class-Action Suit Against SSA." Psychiatric Services 39, no. 5 (May 1988): 479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.39.5.479.

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38

Pollio, David E., Edward L. Spitznagel, Carol S. North, Sanna Thompson, and Douglas A. Foster. "Service Use Over Time and Achievement of Stable Housing in a Mentally Ill Homeless Population." Psychiatric Services 51, no. 12 (December 2000): 1536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.51.12.1536.

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39

Somers, Julian M., Michelle L. Patterson, Akm Moniruzzaman, Lauren Currie, Stefanie N. Rezansoff, Anita Palepu, and Karen Fryer. "Vancouver At Home: pragmatic randomized trials investigating Housing First for homeless and mentally ill adults." Trials 14, no. 1 (2013): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-14-365.

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40

Wood, Patricia A., Michael S. Hurlburt, Richard L. Hough, and C. Richard Hofstetter. "Longitudinal assessment of family support among homeless mentally ill participants in a supported housing program." Journal of Community Psychology 26, no. 4 (July 1998): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6629(199807)26:4<327::aid-jcop3>3.0.co;2-q.

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41

Zanditon, Mildred. "Housing for the mentally ill: How to find it, fund it, and fight for it." New Directions for Mental Health Services 1988, no. 39 (1988): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yd.23319883911.

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42

Lesage, Alain, Carol E. Adair, Marie-Josée Fleury, Guy Grenier, Charles Gaucher, Tim Aubry, Carolyn S. Dewa, Michelle Patterson, Julian Somers, and Paula Goering (deceased). "Array of Services for Homeless Mentally Ill in Six Canadian Cities: Non-Governmental Organizations’ Contributions and Perspectives." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 39, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2020-028.

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Анотація:

During the period 2010–2011, when the At Home project was conducted, a questionnaire was sent to 420 non-governmental organization (NGO) key managers in six Canadian cities to enquire about their collaboration with public services and their perspective on the services for homeless people with serious mental illness (SMI). NGOs constituted a dense network of collaboration among themselves. With regard to public services, housing and shelters were two services that NGOs had frequent contact with, followed by the healthcare addiction sectors and, to a lesser extent, social service and the justice sectors. Education and employment were both located in the network periphery. In general, NGOs viewed housing availability and accessibility to health services as largely unsatisfactory. They called for better public support, coordination, and funding.

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43

Jacobi, John V. "Parity and Difference: The Value of Parity Legislation for the Seriously Mentally Ill." American Journal of Law & Medicine 29, no. 2-3 (2003): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009885880000280x.

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Анотація:

Mental illness affects the health status of about one in five Americans each year. More than five percent of adult Americans have a “serious” mental illness—an illness that interferes with social functioning. About two and one-half percent have “severe and persistent” mental illness, a categorization for the most disabling forms of mental illness, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. All mental illness interferes to some degree with social activities. Left untreated, serious mental illness can be disabling—disrupting family life, employment status and the ability to maintain housing. Nevertheless, privately insured people in the United States (that is, the majority of insured people in the United States) are not covered for mental health services to the same extent that they are covered for physical health services. Second-class coverage of mental health services reduces access to care for people with mental illness because cost becomes a significant barrier to service. The resulting lack of treatment fuels the disabling potential of mental illness.

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44

Swanepoel, Magdaleen. "Human Rights That Influence The Mentally Ill Patient In South African Medical Law: A Discussion of Sections 9; 27; 30 and 31 of the Constitution." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 14, no. 7 (June 9, 2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2011/v14i7a2619.

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Анотація:

The personalised nature of mental illness obscures from general view the intolerable burden of private and public distress that people with serious mental illness carry. Invariably the mentally ill person encounters rejection and humiliation that are in some way tantamount to a "second illness." The combination either disrupts or puts beyond reach the usual personal and social life stages of marriage, family life, raising children, sexual relationships, the choice of treatment, affordable housing, transportation, education and gainful employment. As a result of their lack of financial and social support and their experience of rejection from society, persons with mental illness tend to neglect themselves and their diet, and frequently delay seeking treatment. Against this background, this contribution critically focuses on the human rights that influence the mentally ill patient in South African medical law. Specific attention is paid to the relevance and meaning of sections 9 (the equality clause), 27 (access to health care services), 30 and 31 (language, culture and religion) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996.

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45

Bramesfeld, Anke, and Gerhard Holler. "Administrative and financial responsibilities for sheltered housing for mentally ill and handicapped persons in Germany and its impact on housing supply." Health Policy 72, no. 3 (June 2005): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.09.014.

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46

Long, Shirley L., and Steven Zlutnick. "Task analysis training of case managers to assist seriously mentally ill patients find roommates and housing." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 27, no. 3 (September 1996): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7916(96)00036-5.

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47

Caplan, Brina, Russell K. Schutt, Winston M. Turner, Stephen M. Goldfinger, and Larry J. Seidman. "Change in neurocognition by housing type and substance abuse among formerly homeless seriously mentally ill persons." Schizophrenia Research 83, no. 1 (March 2006): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2005.11.013.

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48

Shaw, Jenny, Sarah Conover, Dan Herman, Manuela Jarrett, Morven Leese, Paul McCrone, Caroline Murphy, et al. "Critical time Intervention for Severely mentally ill Prisoners (CrISP): a randomised controlled trial." Health Services and Delivery Research 5, no. 8 (February 2017): 1–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr05080.

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BackgroundThe transition from prison to community is difficult for prisoners with mental illness. Critical time intervention (CTI) is designed to provide intensive support to meet health, social care and resettlement needs through close working between client and key worker pre, and up to 6 weeks post, release.ObjectivesTo establish whether or not CTI is effective in (1) improving engagement of discharged male prisoners who have mental illness with community mental health teams (CMHTs) and (2) providing practical support with housing, finance and re-establishing social networks.Trial designA multicentre, parallel-group randomised controlled trial, with follow-up at 6 weeks and at 6 and 12 months. A subset of prisoners and case managers participated in a complementary qualitative study.SettingEight English prisons.ParticipantsOne hundred and fifty adult male prisoners, convicted or remanded, cared for by mental health in-reach teams and diagnosed with severe mental illness, with a discharge date within 6 months of the point of recruitment.InterventionParticipants were randomised to either the intervention or the control (treatment as usual). The intervention group was assigned a case manager who assessed mental and physical health before and following release, made appropriate links to health, housing and financial services and supported the re-establishment of family/peer contact.OutcomeThe primary outcome measure was engagement with a CMHT 6 weeks post discharge. Secondary outcomes included contact with mental health services at 6 and 12 months. A health economic evaluation was undertaken using service contact at the follow-up time points. We were unable to assess the intervention’s effect on reoffending and longer-term health-care use because of study delays.ResultsOne hundred and fifty prisoners were recruited: 72 were randomised to the intervention and 78 were randomised to the control. Engagement with teams at 6 weeks was 53% for the intervention group compared with 27% for the control group [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13% to 0.78%;p = 0.012]. At 6 months’ follow-up, intervention participants showed continued increase in engagement with teams compared with control participants (95% CI 0.12% to 0.89%;p = 0.029); there were no significant differences at 12 months. Increased engagement resulted in higher levels of service use and costs for the intervention than for the control. Qualitative data showed the intervention group reporting better continuity of care and improved access to services.ConclusionThe intervention significantly improved contact with services at 6 weeks, although at a higher cost than the control. This is important as, in the days and weeks following release, recently released individuals are at a particularly high risk of suicide and drug overdose. Further research is required to establish how teams can better maintain contact with clients when the intervention ends.Future workFurther studies are indicated for groups with different needs, for example women, young prisoners and those in police custody, and at other transition points, for example following arrest and short-term custody, and at points of transition between different mental health services.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN98067793.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full inHealth Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 5, No. 8. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Bhui, Kamaldeep, Phillip Brown, Tim Hardie, J. P. Watson, and Janet Parrott. "African–Caribbean men remanded to Brixton Prison." British Journal of Psychiatry 172, no. 4 (April 1998): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.4.337.

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BackgroundAfrican–Caribbean men are over-represented in psychiatric and forensic services and in the prison population. A failure of community services to engage mentally ill African–Caribbean men and their presentation through the criminal justice system culminates in a repeated pattern of forensic service and criminal justice system contact.MethodWe carried out a cross-sectional survey during a one-year period of a sample of potentially mentally ill men remanded to HMP Brixton in south London. Men were interviewed to establish their place of birth, first language, socio-demographic profile, ethnicity, psychiatric diagnosis, levels of alcohol and substance misuse, criminality, violence involved in their index offence, past psychiatric and forensic contacts and outcome of court appearance.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy-seven men were interviewed. In comparison with White men, African–Caribbean men were more often diagnosed as having schizophrenia and were more often sent to hospital under a mental health act order. African–Caribbean men were remanded in custody despite more stable housing conditions and more favourable indices of lifetime criminality, substance misuse and violence.ConclusionsCommunity services, including diversion schemes, should be especially sensitive to African–Caribbean men with schizophrenia who ‘fall out of care’, who are not diverted back into care and are therefore unnecessarily remanded.

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Davis, William B. "Music Therapy in Victorian England." Journal of British Music Therapy 2, no. 1 (June 1988): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135945758800200103.

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The purpose of this article was to trace the growth and development of the Guild of St. Cecilia. This late nineteenth century organisation was founded by Frederick Kill Harford in London to provide music therapy to hospitalised patients. All information was derived from letters written by Harford and editorials that appeared in British medical and music periodicals. Initially, the Guild enjoyed great success and was endorsed by important people such as Florence Nightingale and Sir Richard Quain, physician to Queen Victoria. The Rev. Harford was astute in his observations that the effects of music must be tested to find the most beneficial ways for it to be used as therapy. He envisaged an association that would provide live and transmitted music via telephone to London's hospitals. Ultimately, due to the lack of support from the press, limited financial resources and Harford's ill health the organisation failed to prosper. Despite this, the Guild of St. Cecilia remains important because it kept alive the idea that music could be used therapeutically to benefit physically and mentally ill people.

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