Дисертації з теми "Ménages – Pays en voie de développement"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Ménages – Pays en voie de développement".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Dedise, Sophie. "L'épargne financière des ménages dans les pays en développement : le cas du Pérou." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010025.
Повний текст джерелаFerrant, Gaëlle. "Inégalités de genre dans les pays en voie de développement et dans l'utilisation du temps." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010028.
Повний текст джерелаJakubowicz, Muriel. "Évaluation de politique publique : les retraites non-contributives dans les pays en développement." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0030.
Повний текст джерелаMinimum pensions are on the reform agenda in developing countries and this thesis assesses the impact of this kind of transfert, ex-ante and ex-post. The expected impact on elderly poverty reduction depends on the size of the household they live in : extended families make it more difficult to tackle elderly poverty. Ex-post, the Brazilian rural pension reform (1991) used a quasi natural experiment evidenced that this kind of program may have huge effects on other vulnerable groups. For instance, in Brazil, poor young woman moved to live with their pensioners-parents. The young self-employed working in agriculture benefited also from the pension, through a softening credit and liquidity constraints mechanism
Zhai, Yongping. "Analyse et modélisation de la demande d'énergie du secteur des ménages dans les pays en voie de développement : application en Chine." Grenoble 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE21015.
Повний текст джерелаBeing complementary with the medee-s model, the new model constructed is a dynamic ones of the residential sector in the context of developping countries. Inspired by the microeconomics theory, we have classified the householder's energy needs into three hierarchical categories: basic needs, developping needs and luxurious needs. The case studies in the developping countries and industrial countries confirm this classification. The introduction of these concepts allow us to simulate the energy needs diffusion among the households. The different needs are satisfied by various energies which could be characterized by a multidimension vector: energy vector = e(calorific power, cost, efficiency, convenience. . . ). A type of energy is considered as "ideal" when each of its dimension reach the maxima value. The part of each type of energy in the market is determined with the following hypothesis: the more the real energy is closed to the ideal ones, the more the energy is probal to be chosed by householders. As a exemple, the proposed model has been applied in the cese of beijing area in china for forecasting the residential energy demand in 1995 and 2000
Buisson, Marie-Charlotte. "Trois essais sur la vulnérabilité des ménages ruraux dans les pays en développement : risques, stratégies et impacts." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686812.
Повний текст джерелаRajaomanana, Hery. "Gestion et traitement des déchets ménagers dans les pays en voie de développement : Etude du cas d'Antananarivo (Madagascar)." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0120.
Повний текст джерелаFrom the literature, an evaluation of the situation of municipal solid waste (MSW) management and treatment in developing countries is done. Various aspects of municipal solid waste management and treatment - collection, recycling, landfilling, composting, methanation - are studied. Technical and economic aspects are more particularly studied. Theoretical considerations on anaerobic and aerobic degradation are also taken into account. All these aspects are taken into consideration for their application to the case of the town of Antananarivo - Madagascar. On the scientific and technical side, comparative studies of continuous and discontinuous anaerobic digestion of French MSW and Dutch MSW from selective collection have been carried out at the laboratory scale. Methanation of fines from Antananarivo MSW has been studied too. Composting of Antananarivo MSW has also been studied. In addition, the efficiency waste elimination of a new technique called AGRISAC has been evaluated. From these studies, a general treatment scheme is proposed. The treatment consists in a screening-sorting-composting/methanation line with recycling and/or reuse of the different waste fractions. Small size treatment plans are proposed. Helping the municipality handle the collection problem is the first priority. Treatment of all the whole production of MSW may be done by multiplying these small units according to their economic viability
Donfouet, Hermann Pythagore Pierre. "Essais sur l’évaluation des préférences des ménages en matière d’assurance communautaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G027/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe financing of quality healthcare is a major challenge for developing countries. Despite efforts to improve the provision of healthcare services, a significant proportion of the population does not always have access to healthcare services. Low economic growth, lack of economic resources, corruption and constraints on the public sector could explain why the design of a system of financing healthcare is complex. Over the past two decades, there has been a decline in the use of healthcare services after the introduction of cost recovery in public health facilities. Those most affected by this policy are low-income households particularly in rural areas that are most often vulnerable to diseases. The community-based health insurance has been proposed as an alternative to improve better access to low-income households to healthcare services. The community-based health insurance is thus a tool of social protection for many households who otherwise would not have formal insurance. However, such a health insurance scheme can have long-term effects if households have a strong preference for it, and there is social capital in rural areas. Assessing the preferences of households for the community-based health insurance is important for the formulation of policy recommendations. Adequate knowledge on the determinants of demand for the community-based health insurance is essential for developing strategies to increase resource allocation, and improve the quality of services. This study aims at assessing the preferences of households for community-based health insurance in rural areas of Cameroon. The use of contingent valuation method suggests that low-income households are willing to pay for the community-based health insurance. Furthermore, social capital has a positive and significant effect on the demand, and the use of double-bounded dichotomous choice to assess the preferences of households is incentive incompatible. We also found that there is heterogeneous shift effect in preferences anomalies and could be mostly explained by the salient characteristics of households. A striking result is that more certain households are not subjected to preference anomalies. Lastly, there is spatial dependence in the preferences of households explained by social norms
Ben, Ammar Samira. "Les enjeux de la caractérisation des déchets ménagers pour le choix des traitements adaptés dans les pays en développement : résultats de la caractérisation dans le grand Tunis : mise au point d'un méthode adaptée." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_BEN_AMMAR_S.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe analysis of the situation of waste in the developping countries, reveals some errors in the choice of treatment technics. The lack of rigorous characterisation according to an operational and adapted method is one of the main reason of these errors. For the characterisation of the waste from a city, is often made using mathematical formula or any non representative sampling. In the best of the cases, methods developed in the industrialised countries are used. These methods do not really account for the different nature of waste in the developping countries (quantity, quality, spacial dispersion, seasonal variations,…) and the particular conditions of the operations (difficult conditions for waste manipulation, lack of specialized laboratory,…) cannot guaranty a real representativity of the characterized waste. To answer this problematic, our research proposes an adapted method based on measurements and analysis of real representative samples and a procedure of waste sorting, according to organic and humid waste composition, and to the very difficult conditions for waste manipulation. Sampling and sorting procedures have been developped in previous of the characterisation campaigns, based on laboratory tests and real size samplings. This method has been validated in the Great Tunis (Tunisia) during 4 seasons: spring 2004 - summer 2004 - autumn 2004 and winter 2005. The results of these characterisation campaigns highlight the need for waste characterisation as a preliminary step of a strategy to supply the real basis to get an opinion in the choice of adapted treatments, in particular with regard to the compostable and recyclable waste
Colacce, Maira. "Three essays on intra-household distribution of resources and poverty." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0121.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation analyzes the patterns of intra-household inequalities in non-developed countries and how they are affected by culture and policies. Using household expenditure surveys, I employ a collective model to analyze household consumption allocation and its drivers, and to assess its implications for individual poverty.In the first chapter, I present novel findings on intra-household resource distribution for 45 low- and middle-income countries. The results reveal that women are nearly twice as poor as men on a global scale, with children experiencing even greater deprivation. Furthermore, intra-household disparities are more pronounced in poor countries and, within countries, among poor households.In the second chapter, I investigate whether kinship-based post-marital residence customs—specifically, patrilocality (residing with the groom's parents) and matrilocality (residing with the bride's parents)—continue to influence household consumption sharing and individual poverty levels in Ghana and Malawi. Analysis indicates that ancestral patrilocality, compared to matrilocality, corresponds with reduced resource allocation to women and a notably higher incidence of poverty among women across various household consumption levels.In the third chapter, I examine the impact of Uruguay's largest social assistance program, which targets poor families with children and paid to women. Employing a regression discontinuity design within a structural estimation framework, I find a significant increase in resource allocation to eligible women in rural areas, with no effects on children. I translate these results into terms of individual poverty: all family members benefit from the income effect, but the bargaining effect reduces women's poverty even more
Mahamat, Nadjib Abderahim Saleh. "Evaluation des connaissances et des comportements des parents sur la vaccination contre la poliomyélite : enquête dans les ménages en zones urbaines et périurbaines de la ville d'Abéché à l'Est du Tchad." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3305/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis was to identify the brakes and levers for poliomyelitis eradication strategies in developing countries and then to analyze through a questionnaire the knowledge, attitudes and practices vis-à-vis poliomyelitis vaccination for parents of children aged 0-5 in Chad. A review of the literature was conducted by cross-referencing the PubMed database with keywords and a limitation of articles published between 2010-2015 in English and French to identify the barriers and levers to polio vaccination and then a survey to was conducted to relatives in the town of Abeche. The most cited barriers were the refusal of vaccination, insecurity and armed conflict, making access difficult for children and promoting the circulation of poliovirus. Many countries have taken steps to improve immunization coverage. The survey of 210 parents revealed that no family had a vaccination record of their children. However, 97% reported having children who participated in mass vaccination campaigns. Nearly 97% knew about polio and 98% had heard about vaccination campaigns. This work has identified several brakes and levers for the eradication of poliomyelitis. In Chad, knowledge of the disease and the vaccine is good despite rumors about the side effects of vaccines. Nevertheless, the lack of vaccination cards limited the analysis of the results of the survey, only declarative with a very high vaccination rate reported
Meyimdjui, Carine. "Essays on Public Policies of Food Crises and Exports Upgrading in Developing Countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2019CLFAD027_MEYIMDJUI.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe recent surges in food commodity prices have drawn attention on one of most severe sources of vulnerability for developing countries. In addition to financial constraints that these countries already face, (among these, the lack of insurance system to weather external shocks), their households also spend an outsized portion of their budgets on food consumption. Consequently, they experienced substantial increase in their import bills in the wake of surges in food prices. This thesis presents several essays that examine on one hand the public policies taken in response to import food shocks. On the other hand, since trade-related policies as well as exports concentration may also heighten countries’ vulnerability, relevant aspects of international trade are also discussed.The first half of this dissertation examines the link between import food price shocks and fiscal policy. Essay 1 describes the effect of food price shocks on governments' expenditure structure, while Essays 2 and 3 turn to how governments' use of discretionary fiscal policy and fiscal stimulus during food price shocks affect household consumption and socio-political instability.The second half of the thesis consists of two essays addressing agricultural price distortion and exports upgrading. Essay 4 lays out the impact of climatic variability on agricultural price distortions, while essay 5 focuses on how exports concentration and exports quality upgrading impact household consumption volatility
Rakotomalala, Arilantovao Jean Bruno. "L'indépendance financière des Pays en développement." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40021.
Повний текст джерелаThe knowledge of the nature, the evolution and the financial independence statement of the developing countries constitute an analysis tool to project the future economic policies and to plan the various axes of economic orientation in sync with the existing local and international context. How and in what measure does the financial independence exist ? Can we draw up a global typology of the developing countries by their financial independence level ? The object of this article is to treat these questions by highlighting the configuration of financial reports between United Nations and the other actors of the economy of the developing countries focusing the analysis on the two approaches of financial independence that are rhe flow approach and monetary approach. The first part will be dedicated to a positive analysis of the financial independence and is particularly interested in his reality. The second part will be dedicated on the normative analysis by trying to see the existence or not of a level of desirable financial independence
Mama, Touna. "L'endettement supportable pour un pays en développement." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D013.
Повний текст джерелаApedo-Amah, Dedevi S. Marie Christine. "Modelization and analysis of NGOs impact in developing countries." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0234.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis addresses the question of how to ensure the success of development projects executed by private firms, especially Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). NGOs are non-profit firms that are similar to governments in their concern about beneficiaries' welfare and to standard private firms in their organizational form. Their involvement in development projects raises the issue of how well they perform in service provision compared to alternative entities. Despite the rapid growth of the non-profit sector, especially international firms based in high-income countries that operate in low-income countries, the existing literature on economic development has hardly investigated the issue of non-profit performance and regulation. The three chapters of this thesis emphasize differences between NGOs and either private for-profit firms or governements, and examine how the very nature of each type of organization affects service provision. The two key questions are why and under which conditions to choose an NGO as goods or services provider in the framework of a development project, and how to ensure beneficiaries' cultural norms do not undermine the success of development projects
Abdelkafi, Rami. "Développement soutenable et croissance endogene." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0036.
Повний текст джерелаWoldemichael, Martha Tesfaye. "Essays on international trade and export performance." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAD010.
Повний текст джерелаHistorical evidence shows that countries can successfully develop by opening up to trade and pursuing manufacturing export-led strategies. Trade promotes efficient allocation of resources according to comparative advantage, with imports acting as a vehicle for technology transfers and productivity growth while exports are key to relaxing balance-of-payments constraints and supporting domestic revenue mobilization efforts. By spurring growth, trade has the potential of alleviating poverty and delivering better livelihoods. Drawing on the case of Cambodia where the garment industry provides the bulk of manufacturing jobs and accounts for the lion's share of the export bundle, Chapter 2 provides micro evidence of the welfare-enhancing potential of trade openness through manufacturing exports. It relies on propensity score matching estimators to show that the textile and apparel sector enhances the welfare of households in the bottom 40 percent of the income distribution, boosting consumption, asset ownership and the proportion of children attending school, while curbing exposure to food insecurity and lowering the incidence and depth of poverty. Based on instrumental variables, we also show that remittances from the export-oriented garment industry relax household budget constraints, increasing expenditures in education, health and productivity-raising investments in agriculture. Chapter 3 adopts a macro approach to investigate the determinants of episodes of strong and sustained export growth. Institutional quality underpinned by macroeconomic stability, a depreciated exchange rate, export diversification, global value chain participation and market-oriented agricultural reforms show up as strong predictors of export takeoffs. Lowering barriers to competition in network industries and lifting capital movement restrictions mainly bolster services exports, while foreign direct investment inflows are conducive to goods export accelerations. Applying the synthetic control method to the illustrative cases of Brazil and Peru yields evidence of higher real GDP per capita and lower unemployment and income inequality in the years following the export surge. Our results point to significant complementarities between goods and services, and suggest that lowering barriers to trade in services is likely to support trade in goods. Chapter 4 quantifies a new source of domestic trade costs related to import processing times at the border that generate supply chain unreliability by exposing importing firms to unexpected delays in the provision of critical inputs, ultimately undermining their export performance. Using the Poisson-pseudo-maximum-likelihood estimator, we find that uncertainty in the time required to clear imported inputs through Customs impacts neither the entry nor the exit rate of manufacturing firms, but translates into lower survival rates for new exporters. This effect is heterogeneous across export industries, grows larger over time owing to rising reputational costs to input-importing exporters, and is mainly driven by South-North trade, possibly reflecting the time-sensitivity of buyers in developed countries. It is also attenuated by sunk costs of entry in foreign markets
Silva, Adyr da. "Les infrastructures aéroportuaires dans les pays en voie de développement." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32029.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction : civil aviation as development factor, essential role and elements of air transportation, state of act of air transportation in developing countries, icao and development. Economical utility of airports. Requirements and decision making process. National airport policy and its implementation. Airport cost and efficiency. Airport management. International cooperation. Airport resources and revenues. Benefits of airport on its community
Cling, Jean-Pierre. "Commerce, croissance, pauvreté et inégalités dans les pays en développement." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090054.
Повний текст джерелаThe relationship between trade, growth, poverty and inequalities in developing countries can be broken down into three separate relationships: 1/ a relationship between trade and growth; 2/ a relationship between growth and poverty (and inequalities); a relationship between trade and poverty (and inequalities). This thesis presents first a survey of the many recent theoretical and empirical papers studying these relationships. We then build new tools used for analysing the relationship between growth, poverty and inequality. Our survey of literature and the lessons drawn from our analytical tools lead us to make a critical study of the international institutions’ trade and poverty reduction policies in developing countries. Last of all, we present two case studies on the macro and micro impact of export growth strategies in Madagascar and Tunisa based on textile & clothing and analyse the impact on both countries of the dismantling of export quotas in this sector
Benhamouche, Zoubir. "Inégalités, institutions et développement." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EVRY0020.
Повний текст джерелаRasoamanandray-Renaivosoa, Lala. "Droit d'auteur et développement." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT4018.
Повний текст джерелаThe question is to know if the protection of the royalty is likely to be of an interest for the countries of the south since the latter are before any users of works coming from the industrialized countries. Our objective was to show that because of the high cost of the royalties of royalty which the countries of the south have many difficulties of honouring, of measurements could be adopted to avoid importing works protected by the royalty. With this intention, a solution would consist in motivating the creators in these countries so that in their turn, they produce the intellectual goods necessary to their development. Indeed, as long as the rights of the creators are not the subjects of an effective protection by legislative and lawful provisions good worked out, as long as they do not feel not reassured by a rational management their rights, creation as well as the cultural companies will remain a myth, and national culture dedicated to the inexistence. However, it is that it is the cultural inheritance of a country which makes its richness bus used in a honest and equitable way, it can as well ensure its cultural development as econonomic. Thus, contrary to a perception according to which the royalty is of an interest only for the rich countries, we are convinced that it should also be the subject of a protection in the poor countries since such an initiative would be a stimulative potential of the creativity, in which case, it would become a factor of development
Ben, El Hadj Ali Ihsen. "La privatisation dans les pays en développement : l'efficacité économique recherchée." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0023.
Повний текст джерелаIn post independence era, the development strategies which have contributed to the government a main role to promote development, during the eighties and following the debt crises, a fundamental change in the government role thought has occurred. This widespread ideological change in the thought of government role within economic development process enabled us to take a new look on the private sector as a principal growth engine. In fact, even if it is necessary, in order to ensure the highest efficiency level, the ownership transfer from public to private is not, in general, a sufficient condition. Privatization efficiency benefits could be related to other logics than those of ownership change. Particularly, competition extent and market regulation conditions and, more generally, macroeconomic environment constitute the economic results’ key factors. Besides, efficiency gap between public and private enterprises in general is due to a labor cost differential vs. Public enterprises resulting from the presence of syndicate. In addition, even if privatization constitutes frequently a factor of social dissatisfaction, the evaluation of its employment achievement within public services enterprises, where the monopolistic entity status is often followed by an overstaffing, is, however, difficult. In general, the sale of public enterprises is part of a structural adjustment process where each component has an employment impact, and thus, a difficulty in isolating privatization particular effects. The real challenge is to get through a better division of responsibilities and factors between public and private sectors in order to benefit an advantage from each one and to get over their respective limitations. Hence, it is necessary to get beyond traditional approach consisting of giving separate tasks to public and private sectors. It is more convenient to consider, from now on, that public authorities and private sector are partners rather than rivals
Adamou, Garba. "Mass media et impérialisme culturel : contribution à l'analyse et à l'évaluation de quelques manifestations du phénomène." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H046.
Повний текст джерелаAndrianaivo, Mihasonirina. "Banques, marchés financiers et croissance économique dans les pays en voie de développement." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1G016.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis sheds light into the finance-growth link by analyzing if the stake on economic growth also relies on the structure of financial systems. Two complementary directions are considered :the determinants of financial development and the financial determinants of economic growth. Four questions are addressed in these directions, using empirical and theorical methods, including panel data econometrics and overlapping generation models with financial intermediation and endogenous growth. We find that efficiency is critical for economic growth, and thus developing efficient markets brings more benefits to growth than developing large ad liquid financial markets. These financial markets should, however, complement the banking sector to ease aggregate risk sharing, but the access of individual investors to domestic stock markets is not a priority. In addition, banking sector development promotes stock market development, suggesting that financial reforms should focus on the banking sector first. In that sense, banking sector development benefits from a stable macroeconomic environment and from a policy that promotes trade openness and financial openness. Further, stock market development is supported by macroeconomic environment that promotes savings and stock market liquidity and the capital account liberalization should only be done when incomes are hig enough and/or institutional devopment sufficient. Both sectors need strong institutions -low political risk and protection of investors' rights- as institutions are important for economic growth and for the financial determinants of economic growth
Kone, Salif. "Intégration économique entre pays en développement : le rôle des structures (pays et régions) dans un essai de généralisation théorique." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10015.
Повний текст джерелаSodokin, Koffi. "Banques et microbanques dans les Pays en voie de développement : analyse de leur complémentarité et perspectives de réformes." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOE003.
Повний текст джерелаWe show in this thesis that microbanks (microfinance institutions) finance the microfirms production cost in less developed countries (LDCs). They enable the generation of monetary income. They are banks de facto and are functionally complementary to official banking institutions. The concept of monetary payments permits us to explain the functional complementarity of microbanks and official banks (banks) in LDCs. Consequently, in the contemporary economies of LDCs, the banking structure is at two stages with an atypical structure. A first stage is constituted of the Central Bank which harmonizes the whole payment system; a second stage is constituted of two categories of banks. The first category is the official commercial banks (banks) and the second category is the banks de facto (the microbanks). The banks and the microbanks play a central role in the macroeconomic process of incomes production by jointly coordinating anticipations and actions of the various economic sectors in LDCs. It is in this perspective of a coordination of the banks, the microbanks and the various economic sectors, that the proposals for reforms of the banking system in LDCs should be directed
Mijiyawa, Abdoul' Ganiou. "Institutions et développement : analyse des effets macroéconomiques des institutions et de réformes institutionnelles dans les pays en développement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/48/49/05/PDF/These_Abdoul_MIJIYAWA.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation is a contribution to the economic analysis of institutions. In the recent years, many studies have showed that weak institutions in developing countries are one of the deep causes of their poor economic performances. While the need of institutional reforms in developing countries seems to raise consensus, the literature rarely takes into account the costs related to the improvement in the quality of institutions. In addition, improving the quality of institutions may induce costs in the short run whereas benefits will show themselves in the long run. The lag between the costs and benefits of better institutional quality may thus reduce developing countries’ incentives to reform their institutions. Moreover, the literature tackles few, the question of factors likely to facilitate institutional reforms in developing countries. This dissertation attempts to provide clarifications on these points and has two main objectives. The first bjective is to analyse the rationale of the choice of a strategy of economic development based on institutional reform in developing countries. In other words, in spite of the delay in the positive effect of institutional quality improvement, the dissertation seeks to know whether it is economically justified to reform institutions in developing countries. The second objective is to analyse factors likely to facilitate institutional reforms in developing countries. The main results of empirical analyses using data covering the period 1960-2005 confirm that, it is better for developing countries to choose a strategy of economic development based on the reform of their institutions. Likewise, this dissertation shows that an effective combination of internal factors -the existence in developing countries of effective institutions of constraints on the executive- and external factors -FDI inflows in developing countries- are likely to facilitate the reform of private property rights institutions in developing countries. Indeed, our empirical analyses show that: (1) An improvement in the quality of democratic institutions, property rights institutions and regulatory institutions in particular, are favourable to economic growth sustainability in developing countries. (2) The improvement in the quality of institutions induces costs in the short run and benefits in the long run, however, the long run benefits might outweigh the short run costs. We highlight this result through a comparison of the short and the long run effects of democratic institutions on economic growth in developing countries. (3) The probability of reforming private property rights institutions increases with FDI inflows in developing countries endowed with effective institutions of constraints on the executive
Leseur, Yanez Jany. "Microfinance et accès aux énergies renouvelables pour le développement durable des zones rurales dans les pays en voie de développement." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010270.
Повний текст джерелаAlkazraji, Thouria Abdul Rahem. "Les relations financières entre les pays arabes pétroliers et les pays en voie de développement." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32021.
Повний текст джерелаThe recent economic importance of oil trade at an international level has generated various financial problems. We may give as a first example the financial surplus which are leading up to the absorption capacity problem, including of the financial market. This encourages the oil producing countries to invest their funds abroad in various ways: investments, assistance to development. Through this strategy these oil producing countries are trying to secure an income to the future generations and consequently for the post-oil era. In other words, these countries are led by the security criterion and by their will of adquiring a technological knowledge and know-how, in order to secure the development process. The search for profit is not the chief motivation of arab oil producing countries in this matter. How could we otherwise explain that, the assistance to development and the south to south cooperation policy has been going on in spite of all kinds of difficulties (political, economic, financial and so on). As a matter of fact we may say that arab countries in spite of their still young bank-system, interfere sometimes where international financial institutions proove to be reluctant due to a lack of guarantee (most underdevelopped african and asian countries). Meanwhile, arab oil producing countries still have a lot to do as far as this matter is concerned. They must invest their financial, political and other potentialities in order to gain a financial personality (arab financial system). .
Chtourou, Nouri. "Essai d'analyse économique de l'État dans la problématique du développement." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0037.
Повний текст джерелаMenard, Béatrice. "Contribution géographique à l'étude de la santé dans le Tiers-Monde : Exemple de la trilogie pathologique "malnutrition - diarrhées - affections respiratoires" observée chez les jeunes enfants." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN1208.
Повний текст джерелаThe geographical specificities of environments, associated with biological specificities of human groups and bioecological characteristics of others animal and vegetal species, result at the existence of active pathogenic complexes that explain the appearance of diseases in precise places. The attendance of natural and socio-cultural elements create device of factors that allow the running of epidemiological processes. The links between pathogenic environment and traditional behaviour of inhabitants have a determined role in persistency of infectious peril, classically noted in third world. The potential hazards, encurred by target groups in such environments are remarkable by analysis of epidemiological landscapes and enlightened with conditions of life stermming from relationships between humans and their space of life. During gravido-puerperal period, women like infants, represent subjects among the more vulnerable and receptive to common pathologies, observed in varied sub and inter-tropical environments. The lack of sanitary means prevails on infantile and youthful morbidity and mortality, but diverse combined factors intervene also as a basis of gravity from outward signs. The poor conditions of infant health in disadvantaged region can constitute an indicator of poverty, in witch act together, deficiency of equipment, mistakes in weaning, disparities in access to health care with ineffective prevention and treatment, unhealthy environments and impact of human attitudes faced with shortage of maternal elementary upbringing
Lazo, Cristina. "Les négociations commerciales multilatérales et les pays en voie de développement." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100086.
Повний текст джерелаAndriamitantsoa, Tolojanahary H. "Une métropole régionale dans un pays en voie de développement : Majunga." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF20019.
Повний текст джерелаLekembi, Dolivéra. "La budgétisation par objectifs dans les pays en voie de développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1045.
Повний текст джерелаGenerally speaking, budgeting deals with forecasting state resources and expenditures wthin a document labeled"budget". Lately, public finances have been positively managed in Francophones countries where results have been observed, improving by the same token the nature of these countries public finances. The starting point of this improvement is due to the approval by French representatives of the LOLF law (the law framing state's budgeting) in 2001 and its ultimate implementation in 2006. This law focuses on transitioning budget based on means presented by its expenditure nature to a planned budget based on targeted objectives and programs. This is far from being a mere improvement of budgeting process, rather, it is total change of budgeting perspective. Before the LOLF law approval, government used to ask expenditure authorization from representatives without explaining its objectives. As of now, government asks for expenditure authorizations for its planned programs : public policies with objectives and indicators which, after implementation, should allow measuring the impact of this public policies. This new vision is also now being put into practice by EMCCA and WAEMU state members
Ndaba, Mosanzale. "Aide alimentaire de l'Union Européenne aux pays en voie de développement." Paris 8, 1998. http://octaviana.fr/document/174464932#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Повний текст джерелаHodac, Maubert Michelle. "Les stratégies sanitaires dans les pays tiers-mondistes." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D002.
Повний текст джерелаThe international organizations concede an universal right to bring health in all the nations to the topmost standards (clause n1 of the constitution of the world health organization the necessity of a sanitary legislation appeared just after the be ginning of the century and especially extended during the last decade. The discussions relating to the sanitary policy, from the national or international point of view, have broadly lain outside the medical care to consider health as an essential element and even a previous condition to the socio-economic development. The international conference about the primary health care which took place in 1978 in alma ata, constitutes a major element in the history of the sanitary policy and proposes an approach with following basis : an aggragate action, equity, communal participation as well as a rehabilitation of the traditional medicine. The primary health care with their numerous ramifications in the different areas are the first way to carry into effect the program, for instance: nutrition, water supply, maternal and infantile protection, vaccination against the endemic diseases, and besides help to
Ema-Otu, Ilda Nancy. "A la recherche des fondements macro-économiques de l'efficacité micro-économique : analyse comparée d'économies en développement, Afrique, Amérique Latine, Asie émergente." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/ndzengue-ema-otu_in_notice.
Повний текст джерелаHow can the financing of developing economies be re-evaluated? Is it real financial development or monetary integration that will challenge the developing world in the XXIst century ? Before achieving triumphant reality at the end of the XXth century, the market and currency – the fruit of auto-organization – are two secular institutions. They were invented by the business community to settle the debt extinction-creation process, in order to establish the utopia of tomorrow – economic development. Although their success pacified relations between communities and trading nations, it did not, however, guarantee fairness, peace and solidarity between economies. In fact, globalization continues to oppress the less virtuous. Paradoxically, Africa is the only continent that has not truly benefited from the advantages of globalization; the only on who is still firmly captive of its suicidal characteristics, and the only one who is behind in the process of financial integration. All the real or alleged ills that thwart risky business ventures are thus attributed to financial systems; for instance, a lack of capital to finance the creation of a business, insufficient funds, entrepreneurs stifling due to heavy overheads, and financial burdens on external and internal development operations. Consumers and entrepreneurs affected by financial repression will long continue to dispute the institutional financial system. This adds to the breeding ground of complementary financial systems, such as micro-finance. While banks do indeed neglect small business, they have not, however, managed to determine the uncertainty of risky business ventures. They do not have sufficient guarantees or an adequate legal and judicial system. As regards underdeveloped financial systems, monetary authorities should consider their own responsibilities in the persistence of this phenomenon. Indeed, it is the politicians that hamper the acceleration of financial reform, for they have not created a favorable environment to encourage investment. They are the ones responsible for the deficient financial integration in African economies. However, authorities have demonstrated their determination to steer African economies toward successful financial liberalization. How many years of efforts and how much sacrifice this will take remains to be seen. Twenty years following the introduction of the initial structural adjustment programs, poor effects may prompt states to take a break. They could conclude that their efforts are in vain and are only good for reimbursing the debt. What is the point then? Such economies are not very competitive. They attract an insignificant share of direct foreign investment. Investors fear their marginalization and reproach them for ineffective reforms. The question here is not excessive or insufficient reform, but effective reform. It involves seeking the true macro-economic foundations to micro-economic effectiveness in a highly socialised area marked by permanence and restrictions. It will also involve creating the necessary financial development condition and the emergence of a financial macro-economy; initiating structural reform in the framework of endogenous growth; making these economies competitive, thus improving the quality of life and working conditions for thousands of individuals through monetary and financial integration; and considering the obvious need for constructing Africa
Abdelhafidh, Samir. "Allègement de la dette extérieure des pays en voie de développemnt : présentation de ses fondements et instruments, et examen empirique." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0001.
Повний текст джерелаOuarma, Issouf. "Croissance économique et gouvernance dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCG004.
Повний текст джерелаNo abstract
Andrau, Philippe. "L'ONUDI et l'industrie pharmaceutique dans les pays en développement." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10054.
Повний текст джерелаUNIDO has carried on a large-scale action for the development of the pharmaceutical industry in the developing countries for over a decade. By means of international consultations it organizes, of its experts' works in the field and more recently by means of contractual arrangements in favour of transfer of technology, it helps these countries to create and develop their own structures of pharmaceutical production. The aim of this strategy is to manage to reduce the developing countries' dependency with regard to medicine imports and finally to end in the substitution of these imports by the local manufacture, at least concerning essential medicines. In this view, the developing countries' gratification of the needs in pharmaceutical products undergoes the acquiring of and accommodation to technologies, professional training, and improvements in sanitary infrastructure and distribution systems. The accomplishment of such an undertaking requires the starting of proper national policies and close and steady international cooperation, which favour the developing countries' access to engineering and know-how, while taking the trading demands of the tradesmen of these technologies into account. In this way UNIDO can play a very important part as a responsible middleman in the rivalries between the industrialized countries' pharmaceutical firms and the developing countries' governments
Sastra, Hasan Yudie. "La technologie et la concurrence industrielle : approche d'un pays en développement par la méthode du cadre logique général." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX3A001.
Повний текст джерелаChendjovo, Emile. "Le sous-développement volontaire : enquête sur les causes endogènes du sous-développement." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040461.
Повний текст джерелаKibongui, Raymond. "Médecine traditionnelle et politique économique de santé dans les pays en développement." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE008.
Повний текст джерелаThe health situation of third world countries incites one the seek a better economic health policy for those countries. One cane wonder in wath way the place occupied by traditional medicine is adapted to the intended objectives and to the means available. Can traditional medecine be on of the arguments of the policy of optimal use of the ressources in developing countries? The first part of this study analyses the opportunity of traditional medecine in third word countries particularly in African countries south of the sahara. A critical observation of the health system brings to the fore, among other things, the unfavourable impact of a complete transposition of the western health systems towards developing countries traditional medecine offers unsufficienly exploited opportunities which have the possibility to contribute to the creation of a more appropriate social health technology. The second part is devoted to the analysis of traditional medicines means of action. What are the forms of traditional medecine? Private and individual forms? (tradipractitioner) or collective ones (religious communities) but also public forms under supervision of international organizations, of states and national unionss of tradipractitioners. It is possible to consider an integration of modern medecine and traditional medecine, which by means of health personnel and of pharmacopoeia increase the opportunity and develop the effectiveness of economic health policies.
Accoce, Jean-Vincent. "Globalisation et politique économique nationale dans les pays en développement." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40013.
Повний текст джерелаBoujedra, Faouzi. "La prise en compte du risque pays dans le choix d'implantation des investissements directs étrangers en direction des pays en développement : analyse théorique et empirique." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE0506.
Повний текст джерелаYabi, Olakounlé A. Gilles. "Investissements directs étrangers et croissance économique dans les pays en développement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF10277.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis tackles the issues of the determinants and the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) in developing countries. By bringing successively into the analysis the lessons of economic history, the main theories of foreign direct investment and the particular experience of Sub-Saharan African countries with FDI during the 90's, the first three chapters isolate the factors which dictate the allocation of FDI within the developing countries. The three following chapters examine the influence of FDI inflows on the host countries both at the industry and the macroeconomic level before showing the results of an econometric analysis of the relationship between FDI and economic growth based on the data from 57 developing countries averaged over the 80's and the 90's. The results show that the predicted positive effect of FDI is not systematic. FDI acts as a catalyst for productivity growth only in the small group of developing countries already distinguished by outstanding economic performance. .
Atangana, Pierre Rolland. "Privatisation, tarification et équité dans les industries de réseaux électriques des pays en développement : cas des pays d'Afrique subsaharienne." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10064.
Повний текст джерелаGoubi, Nadji. "Politiques d'attractivité et IDE : application à un panel de quinze pays en développement." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020008.
Повний текст джерелаQuang, Thérèse. "Intégration financière et croissance des pays en développement : seuils et effets de composition des flux de capitaux." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100117.
Повний текст джерелаOver the last decades, intensification of the financial globalization process has inevitably drawn the attention of economists and policymakers on the actual macroeconomic implications of unfettered capital flows. In particular, their real benefits for long-term economic growth in developing countries remain highly controversial. Although capital flows are presumably beneficial for receiving countries as they gain access to cheaper financing, the history of international financial integration (IFI) has been neither smooth nor risk-free. Surges in capital flows can pose critical challenges for developing economies with limited policy tools to address economic shocks. This thesis focuses on this IFI-growth nexus. It relies on recent research hypotheses highlighted in the literature to study the particular conditions under which financial openness leads to favourable outcomes. First, liberalizing the capital account implies a cost-benefit trade-off, which needs to be analysed outside the purview of standard models’ straitjacket. In particular, pre-existing distortions and market failures can interact negatively with capital flows, resulting in welfare loss. Second, capital flows are subject to a composition effect; they exhibit diverse volatility and risk properties and can actuate different growth outcomes
Gautier, Jean-François. "Réformes fiscales et comportement de fraude : une taxe optimale pour les licornes?" Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090051.
Повний текст джерелаKibongui, Jean-Blaise. "Banques et titrisation-réduction de dette dans les pays en développement : une analyse comparative entre obligations Brady et bons à durée variable." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT4003.
Повний текст джерела