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Книги з теми "Membrane protection"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 20 квітня 2024

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1

Zhang, Zhien, Wenxiang Zhang, and Mohamed Mehdi Chehimi, eds. Membrane Technology Enhancement for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Industrial Growth. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41295-1.

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2

Babaei, Khossrow. Effectiveness of concrete bridge deck asphalt-membrane protection: Final report. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, Planning, Research and Public Transportation Division in cooperation with U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1986.

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3

Canlon, Barbara. The effect of acoustic trauma on the tectorial membrane, stereocilia, and hearing sensitivity: Possible mechanisms underlying damage, recovery, and protection. Stockholm, Sweden: Distributed by Almqvist & Wiksell Periodical Co., 1988.

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4

Achkasov, Evgeniy, Yuriy Vinnik, and Svetlana Dunaevskaya. Immunopathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1089245.

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The monograph devoted to the study of the role of the immune system in the development and progression of acute pancreatitis consistently covers the issues of etiology, classification, diagnosis and modern treatment principles. Special attention is paid to the issues of non-specific immune protection, indicators of immune status, types of generation of reactive oxygen species in macrophage-granulocyte cells depending on the severity of acute pancreatitis. The section for assessing the structural and functional state of lymphocytes in the development of acute pancreatitis by evaluating the blebbing of the plasma membrane of the cell is presented. It is intended for General surgeons, anesthesiologists, resuscitators, residents who are trained in the specialty "Surgery". It can be useful for doctors of other specialties and senior students of higher medical schools.

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5

BEREZhNOY, Aleksandr, Svetlana DUNAEVSKAYa, and Yuriy VINNIK. Prognosis of postoperative course of urolithiasis. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1863093.

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The monograph devoted to the study of urolithiasis consistently highlights the issues of etiology, classification, diagnosis and modern principles of treatment of urolithiasis. The problems of postoperative complications in surgery and urology are considered as a separate issue, data on original methods for predicting the development of hemorrhagic or inflammatory complications in the postoperative period with urolithiasis are presented. Special attention is paid to the issues of nonspecific immune protection, immune status indicators and hemostasis system in the development of complications in the postoperative period. The section of assessment of the structural and functional state of lymphocytes in the development of complications in the postoperative period by assessing the blebbing of the plasma membrane of the cell is presented. It is intended for urologists, general surgeons, residents studying in the specialty "Urology". It can be useful for doctors of other specialties and senior students of higher medical educational institutions.

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6

Peggs, Ian D. Guidelines for the quality assurance of geomembrane liners for environmental protection. Edmonton, Alta: The Environment, 1986.

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7

Filaretova, L. P. (Li︠u︡dmila Pavlovna) and Takeuchi K. (Koji), eds. Cell/tissue injury and cytoprotection/organoprotection in the gastrointestinal tract: Mechanisms, prevention, and treatment. Basel: Karger, 2012.

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8

Zhang, Wenxiang, Zhien Zhang, and Mohamed Mehdi Chehimi. Membrane Technology Enhancement for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Industrial Growth. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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9

Zhang, Zhien, Zhang Wenxiang, and Mohamed Mehdi Chehimi. Membrane Technology Enhancement for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Industrial Growth. Springer, 2020.

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10

Basile, Angelo, Alberto Figoli, Mario Gensini, and Ivo Allegrini. Current Trends and Future Developments on Membranes: Membrane Technologies in Environmental Protection and Public Health- Challenges and Opportunities. Elsevier, 2022.

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11

Basile, Angelo, Alberto Figoli, Mario Gensini, and Ivo Allegrini. Current Trends and Future Developments on Membranes: Membrane Technologies in Environmental Protection and Public Health- Challenges and Opportunities. Elsevier, 2021.

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12

Tirmenstein, Mark A. Studies on the glutathione dependent protection of the cell nucleus against lipid peroxidation. 1987.

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13

Mozsik, Gyula, and Imre Szabo, eds. Membrane-bound Atp-dependent Energy Systems and the Gastrointestinal Mucosal Damage and Protection. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/60095.

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14

Webb, Brent Jonathan. Preliminary design and analysis of a rotating bubble membrane radiator for space-based nuclear power systems. 1988.

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15

Tebele, Ntando. Induction of protective immunity using Anaplasma marginale membranes. 1991.

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16

Samol, Nancy B., and Eric P. Wittkugel. Epidermolysis Bullosa. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0065.

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Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetic skin disorder with multiple modes of inheritance that causes blister formation from shear injury and results in extensive scarring. Children with EB provide an array of unique challenges when presenting for anesthetic care. Anticipation and management of a potentially difficult airway as well as the protection of fragile skin and mucous membranes are high priorities during anesthetic planning. Complications can arise with use of even the most routine anesthesia monitors and placement of a simple peripheral IV line. Thorough preoperative planning and meticulous perioperative care will reduce complications and result in a smooth anesthetic for both patient and clinician.

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17

Powell, Jenny. Normal skin function. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0243.

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In simplest terms, our skin is a layer that separates and protects us from the external environment. This assumes the skin is a passive covering to keep the insides safe and the outside out, and overlooks its enormous complexity. The skin is our largest organ and is constantly regenerating, but how efficiently it does so depends on a number of factors, some known, others unknown. It is an efficient mechanical barrier (designed for wear and repair), and a complex immunological membrane. It has a generous vascular, lymphatic, and nervous supply, all covering a considerable area. It has specialist structural and functional properties relating to specific areas, but also specialist cells within the layers of the skin. Most importantly, skin is the organ of display, an important part of social and sexual behaviour, immediately accessible to all, and often regarded as a barometer of the general state of health. Permanent scars inflicted on the skin may be a cause of great distress to the patient. Skin consists of a superficial layer, ‘the epidermis’ (concerned with producing protective keratin and a pigment called melanin), which adheres closely to the deeper layer, ‘the dermis’ (which provides the strength of the skin and houses the appendages), via the basement membrane. Loose connective tissue and fat underlie the dermis.

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18

Nguyen, Kim-Phuong. Epidermolysis Bullosa. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0060.

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The anesthetic management of children with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) presents unique challenges to the pediatric anesthesiologist. Preoperative planning includes anticipation of a potentially difficult airway, focused protection of fragile skin and mucous membranes, and special consideration in the placement of standard monitors and intravenous access. Additionally, this chapter highlights the natural history and common procedures that may be performed in a child with EB; this will help prepare the anesthesiologist and the patient for a smooth anesthetic course. This chapter presents the case study of a 10-year-old girl with a medical history of recessive dystrophic EB, esophageal strictures, and poor nutritional status, who presents for esophageal dilation and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement.

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19

Kriz, Wilhelm. Podocyte loss as a common pathway to chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0139.

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Experimental studies show that podocyte death first causes focal scars, but beyond approximately 40% loss is lethal to a glomerulus. Podocytes have limited ability to regenerate, although some degree of replacement may occur from stem cells located near the urinary pole of Bowman’s capsule. It is not yet known whether this plays a significant part in ameliorating damage in disease processes. In one interpretation, foot process effacement may be seen as an adaptation by the podocyte to remain attached to the glomerular basement membrane after injury, at the expense of proteinuria. Podocyte dysfunction is closely associated with proteinuria, which in turn is strongly associated with progressive loss of glomerular filtration rate. Continuing podocyte damage and loss could therefore account for progressive renal disease. In this hypothesis, drugs that protect against progression of renal disease may have their primary protective effects on podocytes themselves, rather than or as well as on haemodynamic factors or on fibrotic processes.

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20

Garner, Justin, and David Treacher. Intensive care unit and ventilation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199657742.003.0009.

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Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are characterized by rapidly developing hypoxaemic respiratory failure and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray. ALI/ARDS are a relatively frequent diagnosis in protracted-stay patients in the intensive care unit. The pathology is a non-specific response to a wide variety of insults. Impaired gas exchange, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, and reduced compliance ensue. Mechanical ventilation is the mainstay of management, along with treatment of the underlying cause. Mortality remains very high at around 40%. The condition is challenging to treat. Injury to the lungs, indistinguishable from that of ARDS, has been attributed to the use of excessive tidal volumes, pressures, and repeated opening and collapsing of alveoli. Lung-protective strategies aim to minimize the effects of ventilator-induced lung injury. Use of low tidal volume ventilation has been shown to improve mortality. Emerging ventilatory therapies include high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

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21

Heidet, Laurence, Bertrand Knebelmann, and Marie Claire Gubler. Alport syndrome. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0324.

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Management of Alport syndrome has in the past been expectant and supportive. Modern hearing aids have substantially improved the function of affected individuals. However, animal data and more recently observational data from Alport registries strongly suggest a protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. There is a suggestion that early commencement of treatment may slow progression substantially. These should now be recommended for all with proteinuria, and possibly even before then for those known to harbour mutations certain to cause end-stage renal failure. A very small minority develop the difficult post-transplant complication of Alport anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. This can rarely be treated successfully and leaves some patients on long-term dialysis. However, overall, patients with Alport syndrome have better than average survival and other outcomes than other patients with end-stage renal failure. Most are successfully transplanted. The question of risk to heterozygous carriers from donating kidneys to their affected relatives arises frequently. The risks may be felt acceptable in some circumstances. Additional therapies are under investigation.

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22

Alexander, D. J., N. Phin, and M. Zuckerman. Influenza. Edited by I. H. Brown. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0037.

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Influenza is a highly infectious, acute illness which has affected humans and animals since ancient times. Influenza viruses form the Orthomyxoviridae family and are grouped into types A, B, and C on the basis of the antigenic nature of the internal nucleocapsid or the matrix protein. Infl uenza A viruses infect a large variety of animal species, including humans, pigs, horses, sea mammals, and birds, occasionally producing devastating pandemics in humans, such as in 1918 when it has been estimated that between 50–100 million deaths occurred worldwide.There are two important viral surface glycoproteins, the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). The HA binds to sialic acid receptors on the membrane of host cells and is the primary antigen against which a host’s antibody response is targeted. The NA cleaves the sialic acid bond attaching new viral particles to the cell membrane of host cells allowing their release. The NA is also the target of the neuraminidase inhibitor class of antiviral agents that include oseltamivir and zanamivir and newer agents such as peramivir. Both these glycoproteins are important antigens for inducing protective immunity in the host and therefore show the greatest variation.Influenza A viruses are classified into 16 antigenically distinct HA (H1–16) and 9 NA subtypes (N1–9). Although viruses of relatively few subtype combinations have been isolated from mammalian species, all subtypes, in most combinations, have been isolated from birds. Each virus possesses one HA and one NA subtype.Last century, the sudden emergence of antigenically different strains in humans, termed antigenic shift, occurred on three occasions, 1918 (H1N1), 1957 (H2N2) and 1968 (H3N2), resulting in pandemics. The frequent epidemics that occur between the pandemics are as a result of gradual antigenic change in the prevalent virus, termed antigenic drift. Epidemics throughout the world occur in the human population due to infection with influenza A viruses, such as H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes, or with influenza B virus. Phylogenetic studies have led to the suggestion that aquatic birds that show no signs of disease could be the source of many influenza A viruses in other species. The 1918 H1N1 pandemic strain is thought to have arisen as a result of spontaneous mutations within an avian H1N1 virus. However, most pandemic strains, such as the 1957 H2N2, 1968 H3N2 and 2009 pandemic H1N1, are considered to have emerged by genetic re-assortment of the segmented RNA genome of the virus, with the avian and human influenza A viruses infecting the same host.Influenza viruses do not pass readily between humans and birds but transmission between humans and other animals has been demonstrated. This has led to the suggestion that the proposed reassortment of human and avian influenza viruses takes place in an intermediate animal with subsequent infection of the human population. Pigs have been considered the leading contender for the role of intermediary because they may serve as hosts for productive infections of both avian and human viruses, and there is good evidence that they have been involved in interspecies transmission of influenza viruses; particularly the spread of H1N1 viruses to humans. Apart from public health measures related to the rapid identification of cases and isolation. The main control measures for influenza virus infections in human populations involves immunization and antiviral prophylaxis or treatment.

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23

Vaheri, Antti, James N. Mills, Christina F. Spiropoulou, and Brian Hjelle. Hantaviruses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0035.

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Hantaviruses (genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae) are rodent- and insectivore-borne zoonotic viruses. Several hantaviruses are human pathogens, some with 10-35% mortality, and cause two diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas. Hantaviruses are enveloped and have a three-segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome. The L gene encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the M gene encodes two glycoproteins (Gn and Gc), and the S gene encodes a nucleocapsid protein. In addition, the S genes of some hantaviruses have an NSs open reading frame that can act as an interferon antagonist. Similarities between phylogenies have suggested ancient codivergence of the viruses and their hosts to many authors, but increasing evidence for frequent, recent host switching and local adaptation has led to questioning of this model. Infected rodents establish persistent infections with little or no effect on the host. Humans are infected from aerosols of rodent excreta, direct contact of broken skin or mucous membranes with infectious virus, or rodent bite. One hantavirus, Andes virus, is unique in that it is known to be transmitted from person-to-person. HFRS and HCPS, although primarily affecting kidneys and lungs, respectively, share a number of clinical features, such as capillary leakage, TNF-, and thrombocytopenia; notably, hemorrhages and alterations in renal function also occur in HCPS and cardiac and pulmonary involvement are not rare in HFRS. Of the four structural proteins, both in humoral and cellular immunity, the nucleocapsid protein appears to be the principal immunogen. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses are seen in both HFRS and HCPS and may be important for both protective immunity and pathogenesis. Diagnosis is mainly based on detection of IgM antibodies although viral RNA (vRNA) may be readily, although not invariably, detected in blood, urine and saliva. For sero/genotyping neutralization tests/RNA sequencing are required. Formalin-inactivated vaccines have been widely used in China and Korea but not outside Asia. Hantaviruses are prime examples of emerging and re-emerging infections and, given the limited number of rodents and insectivores thus far studied, it is likely that many new hantaviruses will be detected in the near future.

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