Статті в журналах: "Mediterranean coastal lagoons"

1

Giampaoletti, Jacopo, Alice Sbrana, Paolo Magni, and Maria Gravina. "Macrobenthos of the Tortolì Lagoon: A Peculiar Case of High Benthic Biodiversity among Mediterranean Lagoons." Diversity 15, no. 6 (June 16, 2023): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15060783.

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Coastal lagoons and brackish ponds are extremely dynamic and temporary ecosystems that follow natural changes throughout their geological history. The correct management of the lagoons ensures their integrity and proper functioning. For this reason, their ecological status should be surveyed for assessing the most appropriate strategies of use. In the present study, historical datasets collected in 2003–2004 are used to investigate the spatiotemporal variation in the species composition and community structure of the macrobenthos of the Tortolì Lagoon (Sardinia, Italy) and to assess their relationship with key environmental variables. Owing to the presence of a riverine runoff at a site and confined areas at some distance from the sea inlet, we hypothesize the marked spatiotemporal changes of the macrobenthic community consistent with the high environmental variability typical of coastal lagoons. The results show a surprisingly high benthic biodiversity for a medium-sized lagoon (250 ha), with 101 species unevenly distributed across the lagoon. The environmental variables did not explain the zonation of the macrobenthic community as that typically found along a lagoonal gradient, due to a marked marine influence. The sampling sites were in fact discriminated by the species distribution according to their ecological affinity; in particular, the most distinctive characteristics of the Tortolì Lagoon emerged from the strictly marine species that represented the most abundant group, consistently with the high marinization of the lagoon. Our results show that the Tortolì Lagoon constitutes a peculiar ecosystem within Mediterranean lagoons, departing from the classic confinement theory.

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Lucena-Moya, Paloma, and Isabel Pardo. "An invertebrate multimetric index to classify the ecological status of small coastal lagoons in the Mediterranean ecoregion (MIBIIN)." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 9 (2012): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12104.

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Despite the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) to protect water bodies, suitable indices of quality designed specifically to assess coastal lagoons (transitional waters) remain absent. In the present study, we developed a multimetric index of the Balearic Island based on invertebrate communities (MIBIIN) to assess the ecological status of small coastal lagoons (i.e. up to 4-m depth and <2.5 km2), a common ecosystem within the Mediterranean ecoregion. Thirty-four coastal lagoons were sampled on six occasions between 2005 and 2008. A multimetric index for each salinity type of coastal lagoon (oligohaline-MIBIIN, mesohaline-MIBIIN and euhaline-MIBIIN) was developed. The individual metrics, and hence the MIBIINs, fulfilled the normative definitions established by the WFD (abundance, diversity and sensitive : tolerance ratio), responded to gradients of disturbance and discriminated reference from non-reference sites. Common boundary limits for the three MIBIINs were established (high/good = 0.930, good/moderate = 0.730, moderate/poor = 0.500, poor/bad = 0.250). Unlike other metrics used in coastal lagoon evaluation, the MIBIINs were developed exclusively for coastal lagoons, including oligohaline freshwater environments. Although the MIBIIN is yet to be validated with an external dataset, these findings suggest the potential for this new multimetric index to be used in similar systems in the Mediterranean ecoregion.

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3

Leone, Chiara, Francesca De Luca, Eleonora Ciccotti, Arianna Martini, and Clara Boglione. "Monitoring Skeletal Anomalies in Big-Scale Sand Smelt, Atherina boyeri, as a Potential Complementary Tool for Early Detection of Effects of Anthropic Pressure in Coastal Lagoons." Water 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020159.

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Mediterranean coastal lagoons are increasingly affected by several threats, all concurrently leading to habitat degradation and loss. Methods based on fish for the assessment of the ecological status are under implementation for the Water Framework Directive requirements, to assess the overall quality of coastal lagoons. Complementary tools based on the use of single fish species as biological indicators could be useful as early detection methods of anthropogenic impacts. The analysis of skeletal anomalies in the big-scale sand smelt, Atherina boyeri, from nine Mediterranean coastal lagoons in Italy was carried out. Along with the morphological examination of fish, the environmental status of the nine lagoons was evaluated using a method based on expert judgement, by selecting and quantifying several environmental descriptors of direct and indirect human pressures acting on lagoon ecosystems. The average individual anomaly load and the frequency of individuals with severe anomalies allow to discriminate big-scale sand smelt samples on the basis of the site and of its quality status. Furthermore, a relationship between skeletal anomalies and the environmental quality of specific lagoons, driven by the anthropogenic pressures acting on them, was found. These findings support the potentiality of skeletal anomalies monitoring in big-scale sand smelt as a tool for early detection of anthropogenic impacts in coastal lagoons of the Mediterranean region.

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4

De Wit, Rutger, and Nathalie Boutin. "European LIFE Projects Dedicated to Ecological Restoration in Mediterranean and Black Sea Coastal Lagoons." Environments 10, no. 6 (June 13, 2023): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments10060101.

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This paper discusses how ecological restoration has been pursued through projects financed by L’Instrument Financier pour l’Environnement (LIFE) of the European Commission in Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal lagoon sites affiliated with the Natura 2000 network. While the LIFE programme started in 1992, the first project focusing on ecological restoration in a coastal lagoon setting in this eco-region was attributed in 1995. In total, 50% (27) of the 54 LIFE projects in the Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal lagoons comprised a worksite on ecological restoration. Eighteen finalized projects, all realized after 2008, have been sufficiently documented for our analysis. The ecological restoration works included (i) removing solid waste and alien invasive species, (ii) re-building lagoons, (iii) creating islets for bird colonies, (iv) restoring the hydrodynamics of the lagoons, and (v) restoring and protecting vegetation. The latter includes submerged aquatic vegetation in the lagoons, halophytes on tidal flats and in fringing salt marshes, freshwater marsh plants, and dune vegetation. Abandoned salt works (Salinas), originally created within the coastal lagoons or on their shoreline, represent significant areas that can be managed for conservation or restoration. Coastal lagoons are transitional waters, and successful restoration of water quality and aquatic communities must include the concept of the aquatic continuum. Combating eutrophication requires managing the watersheds of the lagoons to drastically decrease nutrient loadings. Unfortunately, these issues have only been marginally addressed by the LIFE projects, as they were too often limited by the perimeter of the Natura 2000 sites. In principle, the Water Framework Directive takes care of these issues and, according to an integrative vision, links them with the protected Natura 2000 sites. In practice, however, the LIFE projects and the water policies in the member states still suffer from sectorial approaches.

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5

Doulgeraki, S., N. Lampadariou, and A. Sinis. "Meiofaunal community structure in three Mediterranean coastal lagoons (North Aegean Sea)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, no. 2 (March 13, 2006): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315406013051.

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The higher taxonomic structure of the meiofaunal community was investigated in three eastern Mediterranean lagoons, an open (Vassova), a semi-closed (Piges) and a closed lagoon (Alykes Kitrous). In total, 22 stations representing characteristic features in each lagoon were sampled. Stations were found to support a maximum of 19 meiofaunal taxa with densities ranging from 1 to 10,000 individuals per 10 cm2. Nematodes were dominant at all sites (30–97%) except at the hypersaline sites, where ciliates outnumbered all metazoan meiofaunal taxa (53–77%). Uni- and multivariate analyses were applied to study the community structure. The number of taxa and the meiofaunal density showed strong spatial differences in all three lagoons; however, the main source of variation occurred between the semi-closed and closed lagoons. Both the meiofaunal composition and density were significantly less at the hypersaline sites which had salinity above 100 psu. The meiofaunal distribution pattern was shown to be controlled by abiotic factors, in particular vertical stratification of salinity, bottom water currents and oxygen availability at the bottom water–sediment interface. However, the distribution of feeding resources (e.g. cyanobacteria, phytodetritus) was also found to play a key role in structuring meiofaunal communities.

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6

Sousa, Arturo, Pablo García-Murillo, Julia Morales, and Leoncio García-Barrón. "Anthropogenic and natural effects on the coastal lagoons in the southwest of Spain (Doñana National Park)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 7 (April 23, 2009): 1508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp106.

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Abstract Sousa, A., García-Murillo, P., Morales, J., and García-Barrón, L. 2009. Anthropogenic and natural effects on the coastal lagoons in the southwest of Spain (Doñana National Park). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1508–1514. The Doñana peridunal lagoons, located in the southwest of Spain, have been well studied, because their conservation is of great interest. Since 1965, they have also been affected by the extraction of underground water for local coastal tourist resorts. A reconstruction of the evolution of this series of coastal lagoons reveals that, along with the anthropogenic effect, there was a natural effect resulting from the reactivation of mobile dune fronts that have blocked and filled the original lagoon complex—in the period 1920–1987, the lagoons were reduced by 70.7%. These fronts might have been fed by deposits of marine sand during the climatically driest phases of the Little Ice Age in Andalusia, Spain. Therefore, if the frequency and duration of dry periods increase, as well as droughts as a whole, because of global warming, the desiccation and disappearance of the lagoons could become more widespread, not only at this site in southwestern Europe, but in other Mediterranean coastal ecosystems as well.

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7

Zoidou, Maria, Nikolaos Kokkos, and Georgios Sylaios. "Dynamics of Water, Salt, and Nutrients Exchange at the Inlets of Three Coastal Lagoons." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020205.

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The intertidal patterns at the inlet of three coastal lagoons (Agiasma, Porto Lagos, and Xirolimni) in Northern Greece were investigated by combining in situ samplings and computational efforts. These lagoons are Mediterranean, microtidal coastal systems, connected with the adjacent open sea (Thracian Sea) through their inlet canals and are highly affected by the lagoon–sea exchange processes. Limited freshwater enters their basins, mostly due to precipitation and agricultural drainage. An intense monitoring program of water flow and quality at the mouth of the three lagoons was carried out, aiming to quantify the transport mechanisms of water, salt, and nutrients across the inlet canal under different tidal/meteorological conditions. Ebb currents were recorded higher than flood currents, and the temporal variability of the longitudinal velocity was characterized by asymmetries. Residual currents were important to the water exchange, with the Eulerian water, salt, and nutrient fluxes being an order of magnitude larger than the Stokes drift. Eulerian transport and tidal pumping are considered as important mechanisms for salt and nutrients exchange through the inlets. The return flow factor varied from 1 to 17.5% of the water exiting the lagoons in ebb, while the residence time ranged from 0.7 days to 4.2 days.

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8

Mayo-Hernández, E., J. Peñalver, A. García-Ayala, E. Serrano, P. Muñoz, and R. Ruiz de Ybáñez. "Richness and diversity of helminth species in eels from a hypersaline coastal lagoon, Mar Menor, south-east Spain." Journal of Helminthology 89, no. 3 (March 31, 2014): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x14000145.

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AbstractThe composition and diversity of parasite communities and intestinal components, as well as infra-community structure, were assessed in eels Anguilla anguilla, from Mar Menor, a permanent Mediterranean hypersaline coastal lagoon. Data were used to determine whether this helminth community differs in composition and structure from that of eels in lagoons with lower salinity regimes and higher freshwater inputs. A total prevalence of 93% was detected. Specifically, parasites were identified as Deropristis inflata, Bucephalus anguillae, Contracaecum sp., Anguillicoloides crassus and two plerocercoid larvae belonging to the order Proteocephalidae, the marine species representing 91% of the isolated helminths. In the total community, digenetic trematodes were the dominant group of helminths, and D. inflata, an eel specialist, dominated both the component community and the infra-community. Richness and diversity were low but similar to those reported in other saline lagoons, and maximum species per eel did not exceed four. At the infra-community level, higher abundance than in other brackish or marine Mediterranean environments was detected. The findings provide further evidence of the similarity in composition and structure of helminth communities in eels from various Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Moreover, salinity-dependent specificities are well supported and reflect the life history of individual eels.

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9

Soria, Juan, Rebeca Pérez, and Xavier Sòria-Pepinyà. "Mediterranean Coastal Lagoons Review: Sites to Visit before Disappearance." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030347.

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Coastal lagoons are an established priority habitat in the European environment because of the biological communities that inhabit them. Their origin is related to the transport of sediments from a nearby river or the movement of sands by the marine currents that produce the closure of a gulf. Therefore, they are recent geological formations, which also disappear quickly if environmental conditions change. The 37 coastal lagoons with a surface area greater than 10 km2 located in the Mediterranean basin have been identified. Fishing has been the traditional use of these lagoons, in addition to their use as a navigation harbor when they are open to the sea. Pollution, quality problems and their consequences are the most studied topics in recent publications. Sentinel-2 images taken in the summer of 2020 have been used to study water transparency, suspended matter and chlorophyll a concentration. The result was that only six of them are in good ecological condition, but most of them are eutrophic due to the impacts on their environment and the inflow of poor quality water. The cultural values of these lagoons must also be protected and preserved.

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10

Specchia, Valeria, Benedetta Saccomanno, Francesco Zangaro, Eftychia Tzafesta, and Maurizio Pinna. "Exploring the Biodiversity of a European NATURA 2000 Mediterranean Lagoon through eDNA Metabarcoding." Diversity 14, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14110991.

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Coastal lagoons are considered important habitats both for ecological functions and biodiversity worldwide. Thus, they provide relevant ecosystem services and valuable natural resources. However, coastal lagoons are highly susceptible to anthropogenic pressures that can cause biodiversity losses and require specific biomonitoring programs as well as management measures. In this research, we applied environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to investigate the biodiversity of a poorly known Mediterranean lagoon included in the European Natura 2000 Network. We used the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene marker to capture the entire biodiversity of this highly diversified aquatic coastal environment. With a low sampling effort and rapid laboratory practices, a large amount of valuable biodiversity data was generated and analyzed. Interestingly, this straightforward and broad molecular surveying of biodiversity unveiled a wide variety of taxonomic groups, such as benthic macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and macroalgae, which are frequently used as ecological indicators. We were able to detect species that were previously morphologically identified, as well as species never identified before. This research underlines the validity of eDNA metabarcoding in assessing the biodiversity in a poorly known and protected Mediterranean lagoon ecosystem, as well as in identifying the early warnings of environmental stressors. Finally, the research highlights the need to investigate multiple target genes and primers set for a larger analysis of specific species.

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11

García-Berthou, E., D. Boix, L. M. Zamora, and R. Moreno-Amich. "Fish assemblage of two small coastal Mediterranean lagoons." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 25, no. 2 (December 1993): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1992.11900314.

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12

Bellino, Alessandro, Maria Cristina Mangano, Daniela Baldantoni, Bayden Dwight Russell, Anna Maria Mannino, Antonio Mazzola, Salvatrice Vizzini, and Gianluca Sarà. "Seasonal patterns of biodiversity in Mediterranean coastal lagoons." Diversity and Distributions 25, no. 10 (July 26, 2019): 1512–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12942.

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13

ORFANIDIS, S., N. STAMATIS, V. RAGIAS, and W. SCHRAMM. "Eutrophication patterns in an eastern Mediterranean coastal lagoon: Vassova, Delta Nestos, Macedonia, Greece." Mediterranean Marine Science 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2005): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.183.

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The results of an intensive monitoring study of main eutrophication parameters in relation to fish farming management, climate and hydrography in the Vassova coastal lagoon (Nestos Delta) are presented. The overall aim is to produce basic knowledge in order to contribute to the management of eutrophication of coastal lagoons at local and national levels. Due to extensive spatiotemporal variability of the measured parameters correlation and regression polynomial analysis was used to identify patterns (p<0.05). Freshwater was the main source of nitrate and phosphate in the lagoon. This finding has justified the reduction of freshwater inflow in the past, which, however, has increased mean salinity to 30 PSU and reduced spatial salinity gradients. Maximum nitrate values in winter coincided with adverse climatic and hydrographic conditions (high precipitation, strong NE to E winds and low tide) and fish farming management that hinder water circulation. Dissolved phosphorus variability indicated the combination of the external (freshwaters) and internal (sediment) P-sources. N/P water values indicated nitrogen being the most important nutrient for primary producers throughout the year, except in winter, when phosphorus was the most important nutrient. Practical measures for improving fish farming practices to decrease “eutrophication risk” during winter are suggested. Existing nutrient data from the Vassova and from other Greek lagoons in comparison were also presented and discussed.

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14

Ligorini, Viviana, Marie Garrido, Nathalie Malet, Louise Simon, Loriane Alonso, Romain Bastien, Antoine Aiello, Philippe Cecchi, and Vanina Pasqualini. "Response of Phytoplankton Communities to Variation in Salinity in a Small Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon: Future Management and Foreseen Climate Change Consequences." Water 15, no. 18 (September 9, 2023): 3214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15183214.

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Mediterranean coastal lagoons are particularly vulnerable to increasing direct anthropogenic threats and climate change. Understanding their potential responses to global and local changes is essential to develop management strategies adapted to these ecosystems. Salinity is a fundamental structuring factor for phytoplankton communities; however, its role under climate change is understudied. We hypothesized that salinity variations imposed by climate change and/or management actions could disturb Mediterranean lagoons’ phytoplankton communities. To test our hypothesis, we performed two 5-day microcosm experiments in which natural phytoplankton assemblages from the Santa Giulia lagoon (Corsica Island) were subjected to three increasing (53–63–73) and decreasing (33–26–20) levels of salinity, to mimic strong evaporation and flash flooding, respectively. Results indicate that over-salinization inhibited growth and modified the assemblages’ composition. Freshening, on the contrary, showed feeble effects, mainly boosting microphytoplankton abundance and depleting diversity at lowest salinity. In both experiments and under freshening in particular, initially rare species emerged, while photosynthetic activity was degraded by salinity increase only. We demonstrated that phytoplankton communities’ structure and metabolism are strongly altered by the predicted implications of climate change. Such impacts have to be considered for future management of coastal lagoons (control of sea exchanges and watershed fluxes). This work constitutes a priority step towards the proactive adapted management and conservation of such as-yet-neglected ecosystems in the context of climate change.

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15

Alba, Javier García, Aina G. Gómez, Pilar del Barrio Fernández, Andrés García Gómez, and César Álvarez Díaz. "Hydrodynamic modelling of a regulated Mediterranean coastal lagoon, the Albufera of Valencia (Spain)." Journal of Hydroinformatics 16, no. 5 (February 22, 2014): 1062–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2014.071.

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Coastal lagoon hydrodynamics are strongly influenced by sea water exchange, especially when the connection between the lagoon and the sea is artificially regulated. These situations increase the complexity of the hydrodynamic regime, requiring the use of numerical models to understand their behaviour. Traditionally, one-dimensional models have been used, although in recent years, the development of two-dimensional shallow water models and advanced numerical techniques have increased notably. However, most of the existing bi-dimensional models consider the connection to the sea as a boundary condition, and they do not take into consideration the sea-lagoon exchange. In this paper, a fully two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a heavily regulated coastal lagoon, which includes the artificial connection with the sea, is presented. The model allows the characterization of water level variation in the lagoon, taking into account the combined effect of different forcings. This model consists of two hydrodynamic modules: a long wave module (two-dimensional depth-averaged) which includes the analysis of a system of sluice gates, and a wind module (quasi three-dimensional). The model was successfully calibrated and validated with real data, showing its ability to accurately describe the hydraulic dynamics of regulated coastal lagoons.

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Zucchetta, Matteo, Fabrizio Capoccioni, Piero Franzoi, Eleonora Ciccotti, and Chiara Leone. "Fish Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Stressors in Mediterranean Coastal Lagoons: A Comparative Study of the Role of Different Management Strategies." Water 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020130.

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Transitional waters are among the most productive ecosystems of the world and their biotic communities show high diversity and complex mechanisms of self-regulation that provide valuable ecosystem services and societal goods and benefits. In this work a comparison of the fish assemblages of three non-tidal Mediterranean coastal lagoons is carried out in order to evaluate the impacts of alternative management strategies. The anthropogenic pressures acting on the lagoons were quantified by means of categorical indicators, while the characteristics of the fish assemblages were summarized in multi-metric indices (MMIs). Two MMIs were developed using data collected with a beach seine net and with fyke nets, following an empirical approach that selects, from a pool of 73 metrics, the combination that maximizes the MMI/pressure relationship. The two MMIs include four metrics each, most of which are based on feeding mode functional guilds and habitat use functional guilds, and they are sensitive to anthropogenic pressures. The human activities directly or indirectly affecting water quality are the ones that most influence the fish assemblage, while the presence of artisanal fisheries, a typical and relevant resource use in these lagoons, seems to play a beneficial role. Lagoon fisheries management relies on the maintenance of infrastructures that guarantee the hydraulic functioning of the lagoon, thus ensuring exchanges with the adjacent coastal sea, and therefore indirectly contributing to the habitat quality.

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Zucchetta, Matteo, Fabrizio Capoccioni, Piero Franzoi, Eleonora Ciccotti, and Chiara Leone. "Fish Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Stressors in Mediterranean Coastal Lagoons: A Comparative Study of the Role of Different Management Strategies." Water 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020130.

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Transitional waters are among the most productive ecosystems of the world and their biotic communities show high diversity and complex mechanisms of self-regulation that provide valuable ecosystem services and societal goods and benefits. In this work a comparison of the fish assemblages of three non-tidal Mediterranean coastal lagoons is carried out in order to evaluate the impacts of alternative management strategies. The anthropogenic pressures acting on the lagoons were quantified by means of categorical indicators, while the characteristics of the fish assemblages were summarized in multi-metric indices (MMIs). Two MMIs were developed using data collected with a beach seine net and with fyke nets, following an empirical approach that selects, from a pool of 73 metrics, the combination that maximizes the MMI/pressure relationship. The two MMIs include four metrics each, most of which are based on feeding mode functional guilds and habitat use functional guilds, and they are sensitive to anthropogenic pressures. The human activities directly or indirectly affecting water quality are the ones that most influence the fish assemblage, while the presence of artisanal fisheries, a typical and relevant resource use in these lagoons, seems to play a beneficial role. Lagoon fisheries management relies on the maintenance of infrastructures that guarantee the hydraulic functioning of the lagoon, thus ensuring exchanges with the adjacent coastal sea, and therefore indirectly contributing to the habitat quality.

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18

Li, Zhichao, Yujie Feng, Nadine Dessay, Eric Delaitre, Helen Gurgel, and Peng Gong. "Continuous Monitoring of the Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Surface Water in Response to Land Use and Land Cover Types in a Mediterranean Lagoon Complex." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12 (June 15, 2019): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11121425.

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Mediterranean coastal lagoons and their peripheral areas often provide a collection of habitats for many species, and they often face significant threats from anthropogenic activities. Diverse human activities in such areas directly affect the spatio-temporal dynamic of surface water and its ecological characteristics. Monitoring the surface water dynamic, and understanding the impact of human activities are of great significance for coastal lagoon conservation. The Regional Natural Park of Narbonne includes a typical Mediterranean lagoon complex where surface water dynamic and its potential link with local diverse human activities has not yet been studied. In this context, based on all the available Landsat images covering the study area during 2002–2016, this study identified the water and non-water classes for each satellite observation by comparing three widely used spectral indices (i.e., NDVI, NDWI and MNDWI) and using the Otsu method. The yearly water frequency index was then computed to present the spatio-temporal dynamic of surface water for each year, and three water dynamic scenarios were also identified for each year: permanent water (PW), non-permanent water (NPW) and non-water (NW). The spatial and inter-annual variation in the patterns of the three water scenarios were characterized by computing the landscape metrics at scenario-level quantifying area/edge, shape, aggregation and fragmentation. Finally, the quantitative link between different land use and land cover (LULC) types derived from the LULC maps of 2003, 2012 and 2015 and the surface water dynamic scenarios was established in each of the 300 m × 300 m grid cells covering the study area to determine the potential impact of human activities on the surface water dynamic. In terms of the inter-annual variation during 2002–2016, PW presented an overall stability, and NPW occupied only a small part of the water surface in each year and presented an inter-annual fluctuation. NPW had a smaller patch size, with lower connectivity degree and higher fragmentation degree. In terms of spatial variation during 2002–2016, NPW often occurred around PW, and its configurational features varied from place to place. Moreover, PW mostly corresponded to the natural lagoon, and salt marsh (as a part of lagoons), and NPW had a strong link with arable land (agricultural irrigation) and salt marsh (salt production), sand beach/dune, coastal wetlands and lagoon for the LULC maps of 2003, 2012 and 2015. However, more in-depth analysis is required for understanding the impact of sand beach/dune, coastal wetlands and lagoon on surface water dynamics. This study covers the long-term variations of surface water patterns in a Mediterranean lagoon complex having intense and diverse human activities, and the potential link between LULC types and the water dynamic scenarios was investigated on different dates. The results of the study should be useful for environmental management and protection of coastal lagoons.

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Leone, Chiara, Fabrizio Capoccioni, Claude Belpaire, Govindan Malarvannan, Giulia Poma, Adrian Covaci, Lorenzo Tancioni, Michela Contò, and Eleonora Ciccotti. "Evaluation of Environmental Quality of Mediterranean Coastal Lagoons Using Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals in Thick-Lipped Grey Mullet." Water 12, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123450.

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The evaluation of past and present anthropogenic impacts affecting the ecological quality status of transitional ecosystems is crucial from the perspective of protecting them from further deterioration, and to evaluate remediation and restoration measures. Contamination patterns of thick-lipped grey mullet from two Mediterranean coastal lagoons within a protected area in Italy were assessed and compared in order to evaluate their overall quality status and to collect information that can provide useful feedback on management choices aimed at enhancing environmental quality and biodiversity conservation. The quality status of the two lagoons was evaluated by an environmental assessment methodology based on indicators of direct and indirect human pressures, while a broad range of analyses were carried out to determine the presence and concentration of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and metals in fish muscle tissue. A good quality status resulted for both lagoons, and an overall limited anthropogenic impact in the surrounding area. This could account for POPs and metal contamination levels found in mullet, although limited, and relating to their patterns. The overlap of results achieved with the two evaluation approaches can provide support for management choices in Mediterranean lagoon environments, especially for those committed to the protection and conservation of biodiversity.

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20

Bernardeau-Esteller, Jaime, José Miguel Sandoval-Gil, María Dolores Belando, Aranzazu Ramos-Segura, Rocío García-Muñoz, Lazaro Marín-Guirao, and Juan Manuel Ruiz. "The Role of Cymodocea nodosa and Caulerpa prolifera Meadows as Nitrogen Sinks in Temperate Coastal Lagoons." Diversity 15, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020172.

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In coastal lagoons, marine benthic macrophyte meadows can be an important element in the resistance to eutrophication of the ecosystem, as they can function as temporary nitrogen sinks, limiting the availability of this nutrient for opportunistic organisms. The role of nitrogen sinks for two dominant macrophyte species of Mediterranean coastal lagoons, the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa and the seaweed Caulerpa prolifera, was analysed by two different approaches: (i) studying nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) uptake kinetics of aboveground tissues in a laboratory and (ii) estimating nitrogen stocks and demands of meadows under natural conditions. The studies were carried out in the coastal lagoon of the Mar Menor, which has been subjected to high anthropogenic nitrogen inputs for decades. While both macrophytes were efficient in exploiting NH4+ from the water column, only C. prolifera showed a high NO3- uptake capacity. Large N pools in the C. nodosa and C. prolifera meadows of the Mar Menor were detected, suggesting that these habitats may have the potential to be essential reservoirs for this nutrient. However, the major role of belowground tissues of the seagrasses in nitrogen accumulation may determine important differences between the two species in temporary N storage and sequestration. The data on N demands for the meadows of both macrophytes in the Mar Menor suggest an important contribution of these habitats in controlling the inputs of this nutrient into the lagoon. We conclude that C. nodosa and C. prolifera meadows can play a key role as a sink for dissolved inorganic nitrogen in temperate coastal lagoons, being an important mechanism of resistance to eutrophication.

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21

Aalto, Emilius, Fabrizio Capoccioni, Juan Terradez Mas, Marcello Schiavina, Chiara Leone, Giulio De Leo, and Eleonora Ciccotti. "Quantifying 60 years of declining European eel (Anguilla anguilla L., 1758) fishery yields in Mediterranean coastal lagoons." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 1 (May 8, 2015): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv084.

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Abstract The European eel Anguilla anguilla is thought to be in a multi-decadal decline across its range. Although its northern Atlantic sub-populations are well-studied, little is known about the historical trend and current status of eel stock in the Mediterranean Sea. To fill this gap, we gathered catch data for 86 lagoon fisheries in nine countries across the Mediterranean basin and analysed historical trends and geographical and environmental patterns. We found a region-wide decline in eel catch, beginning in the mid-1970s and exceeding the simultaneous decline in non-eel fisheries, as well as lower productivity in larger lagoons and those in the southern Mediterranean. Additionally, we developed a population dynamics model to provide a preliminary estimate of pristine, potential, and actual escapement of spawning adults (silver eels) across the Mediterranean basin under historical and current conditions. Model results suggest that current escapement is 35% of escapement at pristine biomass levels, <40% target set by EC regulation 1100/2007. Furthermore, we estimate that a complete closure of lagoon fisheries would achieve 57% of pristine escapement under current recruitment levels. Though preliminary, this analysis represents a first step towards a full assessment of the role of the Mediterranean sub-population in overall eel stock recovery.

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22

Christian, Robert R. "Beyond the Mediterranean to global observations of coastal lagoons." Hydrobiologia 550, no. 1 (November 2005): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-4355-3.

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23

Chauvelon, P., M. G. Tournoud, and A. Sandoz. "Integrated hydrological modelling of a managed coastal Mediterranean wetland (Rhone delta, France): initial calibration." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2003): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-7-123-2003.

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Abstract. This paper presents a model of a heavily managed coastal Mediterranean wetland. The hydrosystem studied , called ``Ile de Camargue", is the central part of the Rhone river delta. It comprises flat agricultural drainage basins, marshes, and shallow brackish lagoons whose connection to the sea is managed. This hydrosystem is subject to strong natural hydrological variability due to the combination of a Mediterranean climate and the artificial hydrological regime imposed by flooded rice cultivation. To quantify the hydrological balance at different spatial and temporal scales, a simplified model is developed — including the basin and the lagoons — using a time step that enables the temporal dynamic to be reproduced that is adapted to data availability. This modelling task takes into account the functioning of the natural and anthropogenic components of the hydrosystem. A conceptual approach is used for modelling drainage from the catchment, using a GIS to estimate water input for rice irrigation. The lagoon system is modelled using a two-dimensional finite element hydrodynamic model. Simulated results from the hydrodynamic model run under various hydro-climatic forcing conditions (water level, wind speed and direction, sea connection) are used to calculate hydraulic exchanges between lagoon sub units considered as boxes. Finally, the HIC ("Hydrologie de l’Ile de Camargue") conceptual model is applied to simulate the water inputs and exchanges between the different units, together with the salt balance in the hydrosystem during a calibration period. Keywords: water management,conceptual hydrological model, hydrodynamic model, box model, GIS, Rhone delta, Camargue.

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24

Arévalo, E., J. S. P. Ibánhez, S. Papaspyrou, and A. Nicolaidou. "The use of benthic metabolic processes as indicators for environmental quality assessment in coastal lagoons." Advances in Oceanography and Limnology 4, no. 2 (November 20, 2013): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2013.5344.

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The review highlights the various methods used for assessing environmental quality in Mediterranean coastal lagoons, with emphasis on benthic parameters and processes. The application of indices based on benthic macrofauna, extensively used in coastal areas, may fail in discerning between natural and anthropogenic pressures over naturally stressed coastal lagoons. Sediment can play an important regulatory role over the overlying water composition through the storage capacity for organic matter and pollutants, regeneration of nutrients or its buffering capacity. Descriptive classical measurements like sedimentary organic matter, Chlorophyll α and nutrient content are commonly included in monitoring efforts. However, other more complex indicators like primary production, sediment-water solute fluxes, solute sorption dynamics or microbial reaction rate determinations, have not been fully implemented for environmental quality assessment in coastal lagoons. These could offer crucial information on current and projected anthropogenic influence on ecosystem functioning. Irruption of novel techniques in benthic biogeochemistry like Excitation-Emission-Matrix (EEM) fluorescence for the study of dissolved organic matter dynamics shows high potential in combination with biological quality elements and other metabolic measurements for the evaluation of the environmental quality in coastal lagoons.

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25

Giménez-Casalduero, F., F. Gomariz-Castillo, F. Alonso-Sarría, E. Cortés, A. Izquierdo-Muñoz, and AA Ramos-Esplá. "Pinna nobilis in the Mar Menor coastal lagoon: a story of colonization and uncertainty." Marine Ecology Progress Series 652 (October 15, 2020): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13468.

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Populations of the Mediterranean fan mussel Pinna nobilis have progressively decreased over the last decades as a result of anthropogenic activities. The rate of decline has strongly increased since 2016, when a mass mortality event triggered by the parasite Haplosporidium pinnae occurred, and evidence exists that Mycobacterium species may also have played a major role in the event. Indeed, the epidemic has spread throughout the Mediterranean, although coastal lagoons seem to offer a degree of ‘resistance’ against the parasite. In the early 1980s, P. nobilis appeared in the Mar Menor lagoon and rapidly became an important component of the benthos. However, colonization of the lagoon by the fan mussel was cut short in 2016 when a massive mortality event occurred, possibly as a consequence of the environmental collapse that occurred in the lagoon, parallel to the mortality that the species suffered in the Mediterranean that same year. In this study, we estimated the spatial distribution of P. nobilis in the Mar Menor for 3 periods: 2003-2004, 2013 and 2016. The first 2 periods use published data, and the last period uses data collected in a new campaign. The probability of occurrence for the 3 periods was estimated using random forest and random forest regression-kriging models. The main environmental variables that determined the dispersion and colonization of the bivalve in the lagoon before 2016 are also identified.

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Curiel, Daniele, Sandra Kraljević Pavelić, Agata Kovačev, Chiara Miotti, and Andrea Rismondo. "Marine Seagrasses Transplantation in Confined and Coastal Adriatic Environments: Methods and Results." Water 13, no. 16 (August 21, 2021): 2289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162289.

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The anthropogenic pressures of the twentieth century have seriously endangered the Mediterranean coastal zone; as a consequence, marine seagrass habitats have strongly retreated, mostly those of Posidonia oceanica. For this reason, over time, restoration programs have been put in place through transplantation activities, with different success. These actions have also been conducted with other Mediterranean marine seagrasses. The results of numerous transplanting operations conducted in the Northern Adriatic Sea and lagoons with Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera marina and Z. noltei and in the Central and Southern Adriatic Sea with P. oceanica (only within the project Interreg SASPAS), are herein presented and compared, taking also into account the presence of extensive meadows of C. nodosa, Z. marina and Z. noltei, along the North Adriatic coasts and lagoons.

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Stumpp, C., A. Ekdal, I. E. Gönenc, and P. Maloszewski. "Hydrological dynamics of water sources in a Mediterranean lagoon." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 12 (December 5, 2014): 4825–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4825-2014.

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Abstract. Lagoons are important ecosystems occupying large coastal areas worldwide. Lagoons contain various mixtures of marine and freshwater sources which are highly dynamic in time. However, it often remains a challenge to identify and quantify dynamic changes of water sources, particularly in heterogeneous lagoon systems like the Köycegiz–Dalyan lagoon (KDL), which is located at the south-west of Turkey on the Mediterranean Sea coast. The objective of this study was to quantify different contributions of potential water sources i.e. surface water, groundwater and seawater in the lagoon and how these water sources changed over time and space. In the wet- and dry-season stable isotopes of water, chloride concentration (Cl-) and salinity were measured in two depths in the lagoon and surrounding water bodies (sea, lake, groundwater). Different components of water sources were quantified with a three component endmember mixing analysis. Differences in Cl- and stable isotopes over time indicated the dynamic behaviour of the system. Generally, none of the groundwater samples was impacted by water of the Mediterranean Sea. During the wet season, most of the lagoon water (> 95%) was influenced by freshwater and vertically well mixed. During the dry season, high Cl- in the deeper sampling locations indicated a high contribution of marine water throughout the entire lagoon system due to saltwater intrusion. However, a distinct layering in the lagoon was obvious from low Cl- and depleted isotope contents close to the surface supporting freshwater inflow into the system even during the dry season. Besides temporal dynamics also spatial heterogeneities were identified. Changes in water sources were most evident in the main lagoon channel compared to more isolate lagoon lakes, which were influenced by marine water even in the wet season, and compared to side branches indicating slower turnover times. We found that environmental tracers helped to quantify highly dynamic and heterogeneous contributions of different water sources in the Köycegiz–Dalyan lagoon.

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Stumpp, C., A. Ekdal, I. E. Gönenc, and P. Maloszewski. "Hydrological dynamics of water sources in a Mediterranean lagoon." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 7229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-7229-2014.

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Abstract. Lagoons are important ecosystems occupying large coastal areas worldwide. Lagoons contain various mixtures of marine and freshwater sources which are highly dynamic in time. However, it often remains a challenge to identify and quantify dynamic changes of water sources, particularly in heterogeneous lagoon systems like the Köycegiz-Dalyan Lagoon (KDL), which is located at the southwest of Turkey on the Mediterranean Sea coast. The objective of this study was to quantify different contributions of potential water sources i.e. surface water, groundwater and seawater in the lagoon and how these water sources changed over time and space. In the wet and dry season stable isotopes of water, chloride concentration (Cl-) and salinity were measured in two depths in the lagoon and surrounding water bodies (sea, lake, groundwater). Different components of water sources were quantified with a three component endmember mixing analysis. Differences in Cl- and stable isotopes over time indicated the dynamic behaviour of the system. Generally, none of the groundwater samples was impacted by water of the Mediterranean Sea. During the wet season, most of the lagoon water (>95%) was influenced by freshwater and vertically well mixed. During the dry season, high Cl- in the deeper sampling locations indicated a high contribution of marine water throughout the entire lagoon system due to salt water intrusion. However, a distinct layering in the lagoon was obvious from low Cl- and depleted isotope contents close to the surface supporting freshwater inflow into the system even during the dry season. Besides temporal dynamics also spatial heterogeneities were identified. Changes in water sources were most evident in the main lagoon channel compared to more isolate lagoon lakes, which were influenced by marine water even in the wet season, and compared to side branches indicating slower turnover times. We found that environmental tracers helped to quantify contributions of different water sources in the Köycegiz-Dalyan Lagoon which is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous groundwater dependent ecosystem.

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Salama, Asem, Mustapha Meghraoui, Mohamed El Gabry, Said Maouche, Moussa Hesham Hussein, and Ibrahim Korrat. "Paleotsunami deposits along the coast of Egypt correlate with historical earthquake records of eastern Mediterranean." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 2203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2203-2018.

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Abstract. We study the sedimentary record of past tsunamis along the coastal area west of Alexandria (NW Egypt) taking into account the occurrence of major historical earthquakes in the eastern Mediterranean. The two selected sites at Kefr Saber (∼32 km west of Marsa-Matrouh city) and ∼ 10 km northwest of El Alamein village are coastal lagoons protected by 2–20 m-high dunes parallel to the shoreline. Field data were collected by (1) coastal geomorphology along estuaries, wedge-protected and dune-protected lagoons; and (2) identification and spatial distribution of paleotsunamis deposits using five trenches (1.5 m-depth) at Kefr Saber and twelve cores (1 to 2.5 m-depth) at El Alamein. Detailed logging of sedimentary sections was conducted using X-rays, grain size and sorting, total organic and inorganic matter, bulk mineralogy, magnetic susceptibility, and radiocarbon dating to identify past tsunamis records. Generally of low energy, the stratigraphic succession made of coastal lagoon and alluvial deposits includes intercalated high-energy deposits made of mixed fine and coarse sand with broken shells, interpreted as catastrophic layers correlated with tsunami deposits. Radiocarbon dating of 46 samples consist in mixed old (>13 000 BP) and young (<5500 BP), dated charcoal and shells in sedimentary units correlate with the 24 June AD 1870 (Mw 7.5), 8 August AD 1303 (Mw ∼ 8) and 21 July AD 365 (Mw 8–8.5) large tsunamigenic earthquakes that caused inundation along the Alexandria and northern Egyptian shoreline. Our results point out the size and recurrence of past tsunamis and the potential for future tsunami hazards on the Egyptian coastline and the eastern Mediterranean regions.

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Mariani, Stefano. "Cleaning behaviour in Diplodus spp.: chance or choice? A hint for future investigations." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 4 (August 2001): 715–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315401004490.

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Ectoparasitic crustaceans (Copepoda: Caligidae) occurred at considerable frequency in stomach contents of young specimens of Diplodus sargus and Diplodus puntazzo (Pisces: Sparidae) from two central Mediterranean coastal lagoons. This finding suggests that the ectoparasites might give a non-negligible contribution to the diet of the studied fish species and reveal a certain adaptive advantage of cleaning behaviour in coastal environments.

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31

Cognetti, G. "Handbook of fish management in coastal lagoons: the Mediterranean weir." Marine Pollution Bulletin 20, no. 8 (August 1989): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(89)90325-1.

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32

Gravina, Maria Flavia, Gian Domenico Ardizzone, and Adriana Giangrande. "Selecting Factors in Polychaete Communities of Central Mediterranean Coastal Lagoons." Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 73, no. 4 (1988): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19880730409.

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33

Al-Asadi, M. K. K. "Basic physical and chemical properties of some coastal Mediterranean lagoons." Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences 30, no. 2 (April 14, 2022): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v30i2.119.

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In the present study, the physical and chemical properties of some coastal lagoons which include water temperature, salinity pH, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia were evaluated to study their environmental status. The water temperature was high in summer and it reached about 28.07 °C at Kalige Um-Alshawsh inlet and then it was drop to 14.39 °C at the Gulf of Bomba. Salinity was found to be high (41.95 ppt) in Autumn at the Gulf of Bomba and less salinity value (38.20 ppt) was recorded in Summer at Marsa El-Katayta. The highest concentration of dissolved oxygen was recorded as 9.59 ppm in Winter at Um Alshawsh inlet and a lower concentration recorded was 5.69 ppm in Summer and was measured at the same station. Highest pH value (8.62) was recorded in Summer at Um Alshawsh inlet while the lower value was observed as 7.84 in Winter at the Gulf of Bomba. Higher value of phosphate was recorded as 2.152 µg-at.P-PO43-.l-1 in Summer at the Gulf of Bomba and a lower concentration of phosphate was recorded as 0.369 µg-at.P-PO43-.l-1. Higher value of nitrate was observed as 4.795 µg-at.N-NO3-.l-1 in Summer at Marsa El-Katayta and the lower value was recorded as 0.577 µg-at.N-NO3-.l-1 in winter at port Bordia, while the higher value for nitrite was recorded as 0.741 µg-at.N-NO2-.l-1in Summer at Um El-Shows inlet and the lower value was observed as 0.242 µg-at.N-NO2-.l-1at the same station. Higher ammonia value (1.044 µg-at.N.l-1) was noticed in the Autumn season at the Gulf of Bomba where non detectable level had been noticed in Summer season at Marsa El-Katayta. The results of the present research exhibited the basic addition to understand these environmental conditions for future activities such as the possibility to exploit, develop and to predict the environmental variables.

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Bakiu, Rigers, Kristian Beqiri, Aleksandro Konomi, Athina Ziou, and Dimitrios K. Moutopoulos. "Fisheries assessment of the Albanian lagoon fisheries." Fisheries & Aquatic Life 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aopf-2022-0007.

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Abstract The present study uses fisher knowledge to outline the basic socio-economic framework of Albanian lagoon fisheries based on on-the-spot interviews conducted with fishers operating in the most important Albanian lagoons. The results indicated that Albanian lagoon fisheries were family-based, with spatial differences observed in vessels from the northern lagoon that were older, larger in size, with more powerful engines, and involved more persons in comparison with corresponding vessels from the southern lagoon. The results also indicated that lagoon fisheries were in decline, ageing fishers, and encountering problems with illegal fishery and invasive species. Most of the fishers were aware that protected areas existed in Albanian waters, whereas severe contradictions among fishers existed about the need to establish new Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). An aggravating factor that threatened the viability of the lagoon fisheries and coastal ecosystems was high incidental catches of the Blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. These issues revealed the increased marginalization of the Albanian lagoon fisheries that might be able to be generalized beyond this case study to other Mediterranean lagoons. The present work also highlighted the need to establish a decent stratified statistical survey to monitor the highly complex nature of lagoon fisheries.

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REIZOPOULOU, S., N. SIMBOURA, K. SIGALA, E. BARBONE, F. ALEFFI, G. KAISAKIS, I. ROSATI, A. BASSET, and A. NICOLAIDOU. "Assessing the ecological status of Mediterranean coastal lagoons using macroinvertebrates. Comparison of the most commonly used methods." Mediterranean Marine Science 15, no. 3 (September 19, 2014): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.606.

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Benthic communities were studied twice (autumn and spring) in three Mediterranean coastal lagoons located in Greece (Logarou) and Italy (Cesine and Grado-Marano). The species composition and distribution, the community diversity, the species richness, the dominant taxa and their ecological identity, the benthic trophic and biomass size structure were investigated in these lagoons and the the results were correlated with environmental variables.The overall similarity based on species composition and abundance among lagoons was low due to differences in dominant environmental factors, whereas variations of community diversity and species richness were mainly related to the degree of marine influence, reflecting the natural structure. The benthic classification indices AMBI, M-AMBI, BENTIX, BO2A, ISD and ISS were applied to assess the ecological status of the lagoons studied. Results showed that the biotic indices AMBI, M-AMBI, BENTIX, and BO2A are not adequately efficient due to the natural dominance of tolerant and opportunistic species and the correlation of species diversity to natural stress. ISD and ISS on the other hand, based on size distribution frequencies and on size spectra sensitivity respectively, had a good discrimination power between impacted and unimpacted sites. Results indicate that alternatively to the species sensitivity, other traits of the communities as the biomass or size structure could be more robust, sensitive and effective in assessing the ecological quality in lagoons.

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Elshinnawy, Ibrahim A., and Abdulrazak H. Almaliki. "Al Bardawil Lagoon Hydrological Characteristics." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 7392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137392.

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Al Bardawil Lagoon is a very saline lagoon located in North Sinai, Egypt. It is subjected to environmental changes due to the implementation of a mega agricultural project close to its southern border. Accordingly, defining the hydrological characteristics of the lagoon was the objective of the current work to set the hydrological baseline for future changes expected due to ongoing human activities and agricultural developments planned in the lagoon’s vicinity. Historical meteorological data were collected and statistically analyzed to achieve the study objective. In addition, tide action, the lagoon’s bathymetry, and water table fluctuation were studied. Furthermore, groundwater aquifer interaction with the lagoon’s hydrologic system was considered. The study defined the water resources and water losses of the hydrological system of the lagoon. In addition, tide investigations revealed that the tide range is small. Furthermore, the study defined the water budget of the lagoon. Results indicated that the lagoon’s water resources are rainfall with an annual volume of 61.95 million cubic meters (4.4%); the groundwater aquifer contributes about 8.64 million cubic meters (0.6%). Annual evaporation losses are 1155 million cubic meters (82.2%). Salt production requirements represent about 17.8% of the outflow from the lagoon. Results of wind speed and direction data revealed that the dominant regional wind direction is NW and is characterized by magnitudes of about 4.5 m/s Results analysis demonstrated that the inflow of the lagoon is always less than the outflow with an annual volume of 1335 million cubic meter supplemented by the Mediterranean Sea water. This difference maintained water levels in the lagoon below mean sea level throughout the year, with values ranging between 11 and 22 cm. This process maintained a continuous movement of the seawater toward the lagoon. Water table fluctuation results indicated that the average water table in the lagoon is lower than the seawater level, with an average value of 22 cm for the observation period. Furthermore, the difference between the maximum and the minimum water table is in the tide range of the eastern region of the Mediterranean Sea. Similar hydrological studies are recommended for other coastal lagoons in Egypt. In addition, a hydrological observation system is recommended for the Al Bardawil Lagoon.

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Pérez-Ruzafa, A., C. Marcos, and I. M. Pérez-Ruzafa. "Mediterranean coastal lagoons in an ecosystem and aquatic resources management context." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 36, no. 5-6 (January 2011): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2010.04.013.

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38

Bas-Silvestre, Maria, Xavier D. Quintana, Jordi Compte, Stéphanie Gascón, Dani Boix, Maria Antón-Pardo, and Biel Obrador. "Ecosystem metabolism dynamics and environmental drivers in Mediterranean confined coastal lagoons." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 245 (October 2020): 106989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106989.

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39

Pasqualini, Vanina, Marie Garrido, Philippe Cecchi, Coralie Connès, Alain Couté, Maria El Rakwe, Maryvonne Henry, et al. "Harmful algae and pathogens on plastics in three mediterranean coastal lagoons." Heliyon 9, no. 3 (March 2023): e13654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13654.

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40

Souchu, Philippe, Béatrice Bec, Val H. Smith, Thierry Laugier, Annie Fiandrino, Laurent Benau, Valérie Orsoni, Yves Collos, and André Vaquer. "Patterns in nutrient limitation and chlorophyll a along an anthropogenic eutrophication gradient in French Mediterranean coastal lagoons." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 4 (April 2010): 743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-018.

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A cross-ecosystem comparison of data obtained from 20 French Mediterranean lagoons with contrasting eutrophication status provided the basis for investigating the variables that best predict chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton biomass along a strong nutrient enrichment gradient. Summer concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) comprised only a small fraction of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). On the basis of inorganic nutrient concentrations, the most oligotrophic lagoons appeared to be phosphorus-limited, with a tendency towards the development of nitrogen limitation as eutrophication increased, as evidenced by decreasing DIN:DIP ratios. A weak but significantly positive relationship was found between dissolved silicate (DSi) and Chl a, reflecting DSi accumulation in the water column along the trophic state gradient and implying a progressive shift away from potential Si limitation of phytoplankton growth. Observed concentrations of Chl a were far better explained by TN and TP than by DIN and DIP concentrations, suggesting that a total nutrient based approach is likely to be the most appropriate for managing eutrophication in Mediterranean lagoons and other coastal waters. These results give credence to the idea that marine and freshwater environments respond in a similar fashion to nutrient enrichment.

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Telailia, Salah, Lamia Boutabia, Mohamed Dhaya El-Hak Khemis, Ali Elafri, and Nawel Djebbari. "Multi-annual and seasonal patterns of waterbird assemblages in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (El Mellah lagoon) of Northeastern Algeria." Ekológia (Bratislava) 36, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2017-0013.

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Abstrat Recently, Mediterranean coastal lagoons have raised considerable environmental concerns. Long-term studies of seasonal changes in waterbird assemblages are therefore extremely important in terms of ecological relevance and conservation of these sensitive ecosystems. An ornithological survey of four years was carried out in a typical costal wetland (El Mellah lagoon) of Northeastern Algeria. Intra-seasonal comparison of waterbird assemblages (diversity indices) demonstrates clear changes between the wintering and the breeding periods. It seems that the first one was rich in term of species number than the second season (43 against 24). In contrast, the breeding seasons were more equilibrate (high values of Simpson, Shannon and evenness index). Additionally, curves in the diversity/dominance diagram revealed that both wintering and breeding assemblages share the same characteristics of community structure, few dominant species (with intermediate relative abundance) and many rare species with the relative abundance lower than 0.1. Invertebrates (25 species) and piscivorous (11 species) are the most abundant guilds over the four years of study (no significant differences among years have been calculated). The marked decline in bird species diversity recorded in this study (in comparison with previous studies) is mainly due to salinity oscillations (due to aquaculture activities) and may be of concern to wetland managers and it might be useful to provide some guidelines about the characteristics that coastal lagoons have to follow in the construction process to enhance the biodiversity.

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Facca, Chiara, Francesco Cavraro, Piero Franzoi, and Stefano Malavasi. "Lagoon Resident Fish Species of Conservation Interest According to the Habitat Directive (92/43/CEE): A Review on Their Potential Use as Ecological Indicator Species." Water 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12072059.

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Transitional waters are fragile ecosystems with high ecological, social and economic values, that undergo numerous threats. According to the information provided by European Member States in the framework of the European Directive 92/43/EEC (Habitat Directive), the main threat to these ecosystems is represented by morphological and hydrological changes. The present work focuses on six lagoon fish species included in the Habitat Directive annex II (species requiring conservation measures: Aphanius fasciatus, A. iberus, Knipowitschia panizzae, Ninnigobius canestrinii, Valencia hispanica and V. letourneuxi) that spend their entire life cycle in the Mediterranean priority habitat 1150* “Coastal lagoons”. The overview of the current scientific literature allowed us to highlight how the presence and abundance of these species may provide important indications on the conservation status of coastal lagoon habitats. In fact, their occurrence, distribution and biology depend on the presence of peculiar structures, such as salt marshes, small channels, isolated pools and oligohaline areas. Coastal lagoon fragmentation and habitat loss have led to a significant reduction in genetic diversity or local population extinction. Although Aphanius and gobies have been shown to survive in eutrophic environments, it is clear that they cannot complete their life cycle without salt marshes (mainly Aphanius) and wetland areas (mainly gobies).

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Tursi, Andrea, Anna Lisco, Giovanni Chimienti, Francesco Mastrototaro, Nicola Ungaro, and Antonella Bottalico. "Salinity as a Key Factor in Structuring Macrophyte Assemblages in Transitional Water Bodies: The Case of the Apulian Coastal Lagoons (Southern Italy)." Diversity 15, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15050615.

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Coastal lagoons are dynamic transitional water ecosystems hosting valuable biological communities, including rich and diverse macrophyte assemblages. Aquatic macrophytes must cope with large fluctuations of environmental conditions on a spatial and seasonal scale. Salinity is one of the most variable parameters, changing from nearly freshwater to hypersalinity, and it is known to have a strong influence on the composition and structure of macrophyte assemblages. This study is focused on the effect of salinity on macrophyte communities of the eight most important coastal lagoons of Apulia (south-eastern Mediterranean Sea). A set of eleven transitional water body types (sensu Water Framework Directive) were allocated in a range of meso- to hyperhaline lagoons. Macrophyte sampling was carried out between 2011 and 2019, and a total of 324 samples (18 sampling stations × 2 seasons × 9 years) was analyzed. Then, macrophyte occurrence in each transitional water body (T-WB) was expressed as frequency values (%) and assemblages were compared to assess any similarity in relation to four salinity classes (mesohaline, polyhaline, euhaline and hyperhaline). Species richness varied according to the salinity class, being much higher in polyhaline and euhaline T-WBs and strongly decreasing at the extremes of the salinity range (mesohaline and hyperhaline T-WBs). Moreover, the statistical analysis showed a high resemblance of macrophyte assemblages of T-WBs within the same salinity class, which shared a great number of species. Four distinct macrophyte communities were distinguished, reflecting the salinity conditions of different T-WB types and confirming the effectiveness of a lagoon typology based on this descriptor.

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Caiola, Nuno, Sílvia Rodríguez-Climent, and Carles Ibáñez. "Salinity as the main factor structuring small-bodied fish assemblages in hydrologically altered Mediterranean coastal lagoons." Scientia Marina 77, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03698.26b.

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Stefanidou, Natassa, Matina Katsiapi, Dimitris Tsianis, Maria Demertzioglou, Evangelia Michaloudi, and Maria Moustaka-Gouni. "Patterns in Alpha and Beta Phytoplankton Diversity along a Conductivity Gradient in Coastal Mediterranean Lagoons." Diversity 12, no. 1 (January 19, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12010038.

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Understanding the diversity patterns of phytoplankton assemblages in coastal lagoons is clearly important for water management. In this study, we explored alpha and beta diversity patterns in phytoplankton communities across five Mediterranean lagoons hydrologically connected to Vistonikos Gulf. We examined the phytoplankton community composition and biomass on a monthly basis from November 2018 to October 2019. For this, water samples were collected from seven inshore, brackish and coastal waters, sampling sites covering a wide range of conductivity. We found significant spatial and temporal differences in phytoplankton alpha diversity and in phytoplankton biomass metrics explained by the high variation of conductivity. Evenness remained low throughout the study period, reflecting significant dominance of several phytoplankton blooms. Harmful algal blooms of Prorocentrum minimum, Alexandrium sp., Rhizosolenia setigera and Cylindrotheca closterium occurred. The system’s species pool was characterized by relatively high phytoplankton beta diversity (average ~0.7) resulting from high temporal species turnover (90%). Overall, alpha and beta diversity components were indicative of rather heterogeneous phytoplankton communities which were associated with the high differences in conductivity among the sampling sites.

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Fourgous, C., M. Chevreuil, F. Alliot, E. Amilhat, E. Faliex, S. Paris-Palacios, M. J. Teil, and A. Goutte. "Phthalate metabolites in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from Mediterranean coastal lagoons." Science of The Total Environment 569-570 (November 2016): 1053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.159.

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Magni, P., D. Tagliapietra, C. Lardicci, L. Balthis, A. Castelli, S. Como, G. Frangipane, et al. "Animal-sediment relationships: Evaluating the ‘Pearson–Rosenberg paradigm’ in Mediterranean coastal lagoons." Marine Pollution Bulletin 58, no. 4 (April 2009): 478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.12.009.

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Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel, Maria Rieradevall, Roser Farrés-Corell, and Alice Newton. "Annual characterisation of four Mediterranean coastal lagoons subjected to intense human activity." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 114 (December 2012): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.07.017.

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Esteves, Kevin, Dominique Hervio-Heath, Thomas Mosser, Claire Rodier, Marie-George Tournoud, Estelle Jumas-Bilak, Rita R. Colwell, and Patrick Monfort. "Rapid Proliferation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio cholerae during Freshwater Flash Floods in French Mediterranean Coastal Lagoons." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 21 (August 28, 2015): 7600–7609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01848-15.

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ABSTRACTVibrio parahaemolyticus,Vibrio vulnificus, andVibrio choleraeof the non-O1/non-O139 serotype are present in coastal lagoons of southern France. In these Mediterranean regions, the rivers have long low-flow periods followed by short-duration or flash floods during and after heavy intense rainstorms, particularly at the end of the summer and in autumn. These floods bring large volumes of freshwater into the lagoons, reducing their salinity. Water temperatures recorded during sampling (15 to 24°C) were favorable for the presence and multiplication of vibrios. In autumn 2011, before heavy rainfalls and flash floods, salinities ranged from 31.4 to 36.1‰ and concentrations ofV. parahaemolyticus,V. vulnificus, andV. choleraevaried from 0 to 1.5 × 103most probable number (MPN)/liter, 0.7 to 2.1 × 103MPN/liter, and 0 to 93 MPN/liter, respectively. Following heavy rainstorms that generated severe flash flooding and heavy discharge of freshwater, salinity decreased, reaching 2.2 to 16.4‰ within 15 days, depending on the site, with a concomitant increase inVibrioconcentration to ca. 104MPN/liter. The highest concentrations were reached with salinities between 10 and 20‰ forV. parahaemolyticus, 10 and 15‰ forV. vulnificus, and 5 and 12‰ forV. cholerae. Thus, an abrupt decrease in salinity caused by heavy rainfall and major flooding favored growth of human-pathogenicVibriospp. and their proliferation in the Languedocian lagoons. Based on these results, it is recommended that temperature and salinity monitoring be done to predict the presence of theseVibriospp. in shellfish-harvesting areas of the lagoons.

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De Wit, Rutger, Pénélope Chaubron-Couturier, and Florence Galletti. "Diversity of property regimes of Mediterranean coastal lagoons in S. France; implications for coastal zone management." Ocean & Coastal Management 207 (June 2021): 105579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105579.

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