Статті в журналах: "Medieval onomastics"

1

Uckelman, Sara L., and Mariann Slíz. "Többnyelvű névtani lexikográfia: a Dictionary of Medieval Names from European Sources elnevezésű nemzetközi szótári projekt." Névtani Értesítő 37 (December 30, 2015): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2015.15.

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The paper discusses the international project entitled Dictionary of Medieval Names from European Sources, initiated by European researchers. The authors enumerate the reasons for and the aims of the establishment of this online onomasticon; its contents, structure and technical background are revealed; the editorial guidelines are also presented (with special emphasis on explaining the method of crowd-sourcing, documentation and attribution). The paper underlines the significance of the dictionary, as it can be used in different fields (by linguists, sociologists, historians and the general public); then the authors focus on two basic technical issues of editing: the determination of the head forms and the conditions under which a name is considered a variant of another name. The paper accounts for the features of DMNES that are different from those of Hungarian onomasticons; explains the relevance of the dictionary in Hungarian Onomastics; and finally introduces the blog connected to the project.

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TOMESCU, Domnița. "LATINISATION DES NOMS PERSONNELS DANS LES ACTES ADMINISTRATIFS MÉDIÉVAUX." Studii și cercetări de onomastică și lexicologie 28, no. 1-2 (February 12, 2022): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/scol.2021.1-2.10.

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"Our paper presents the historical formation process of the official Romanian anthroponymic system, established in the first documents of the 11th-14th centuries, written in the language of the administration (medieval Latin). We have noticed the Latinization of written anthroponymic forms, in fact a formal adaptation to the system of the medieval Latin language and onomastics, by the modification in a Latinizing manner of the indigenous onomastic forms in oral circulation. The baptismal names attributed to people identified by their explicit Romanian ethnicity, mentioned in administrative acts written in Latin, differ from popular variants. The transformations undergone by the Romanian anthroponyms had a regular character, in conformity with a graphic code generally used in the language of the administration and the church. The effort to Latinize the names of persons during their administrative or ecclesiastical transcription represents a first attempt to render uniform and even to standardize onomastic variants."

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3

Kyurshunova, Irina A. "Historical Onomasticon: On the Problem of Lexicographic Description of Anthroponyms. Review of the book: Kuznetsov, A. V. (2020). Narodnyi imenoslov Russkogo Severa XV–XVII vekov: proiskhozhdenie imen (prozvishch), otchestv, nazvanii dereven’ [Folk Name Book of the Russian North of the 15th–17th Centuries: The Origin of Names (Nicknames), Patronymics, Village Names] (2 vols.). Vologda: VOUNB. 185 + 184 pp." Вопросы Ономастики 19, no. 3 (2022): 290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2022.19.3.042.

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The reviewed two-volume dictionary by Alexander V. Kuznetsov refers to historical onomasticon featuring names (nicknames), patronymics, names of villages attested, in handwritten and published business monuments of the pre-national period and related to the territory of the Russian North. To date, the “Folk Name Book of the Russian North” is the most comprehensive lexicographic volume in terms of the data span, composition, and the source base, which is its main advantage and testifies to the author’s meticulous approach to material collection. The onomastic data introduced by the author have a high value for specialists in onomastics, dialectology, language history, ethnolinguistics, culture and society of late medieval Russia. The dictionary follows a traditional structure: it opens with an introduction that highlights certain issues of historical anthroponymy, provides a brief analysis of lexicographic publications that record names, defines the terminology used in the dictionary, describes the structure of the dictionary entry; then follows the dictionary itself, complete with the lists of sources and annexes. However, similarly to other lexicographic publications, the dictionary is fraught with some errors, inaccuracies in the presentation of onomastic materials, the structure of the dictionary entry, interpretation of the internal form and controversial theoretical statements, all of which are noted in the review.

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4

Nichols, Stephen G. "Writing the New Middle Ages." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 120, no. 2 (March 2005): 422–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081205x52392.

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Medieval studies are big—in fact, have rarely been livelier … or more controversial. This energy has succeeded in breaching the ramparts that traditionally divided the field into a series of vigorously defended fiefs. In a word, the discipline has gone interdisciplinary. Visual literacy, patristics, modal logic, grammar, rhetoric, onomastics, philosophical anthropology, sociology, historiography, linguistics, codicology, vernacular literature, classical and medieval Latin thought and letters, philology, and myriad other subsets conjugate in dizzying and unexpected configurations to produce exciting views of the period.

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5

I. Palange and А. Tsvetkova. "NAMING SYSTEMS IN EVGENII VODOLAZKIN’S «LAVR» THROUGH THE LENS OF MEDIEVAL FOLK TRADITION." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Philology series, no. 1.2023 (March 31, 2023): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/jisf2647.

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"The following article will analyze the development of the protagonist of Evgenii Vodolazkin’s novel, Lavr, who is a boy growing up in the author’s imagined, syncretic medieval period, as he undergoes several namings and renamings throughout the course of the plot. During the Russian Middle Ages, one’s name performed a protective and fate-defining role, while also situating its bearer within a framework of familial and religious tradition, thereby strengthening both horizontal ties to other individuals and vertical ties to a divine power. Following Erich Auerbach’s theory of figural interpretation and drawing on folklore, Orthodox chronicles, and onomastic studies, this article will consider the ways in which the main character of the novel is able to subvert the bounds of both space and time through his varied appellations. As the narrative develops, it becomes clear how his names irrevocably link him to his friends, family, historical figures, and ultimately, to the biblical story of salvation. Keywords: name, double names, figural interpretation, salvation, onomastics, etymology, monastic name, baptismal name. "

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6

Lopetegui Semperena, Guadalupe. "La notación de onomástica no latina en diplomas del monasterio de Irache: usos fonográficos e influencia de la tradición gramatical." Cuadernos de Filología Clásica. Estudios Latinos 43, no. 2 (January 22, 2024): 275–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/cfcl.92766.

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The notation of non-Latin onomastics in diplomas from the monastery of Irache: phonographic uses and the influence of the grammatical traditionEl objetivo de este trabajo es abordar el poligrafismo de los diplomas medievales desde la perspectiva de la formación gramatical adquirida por los escribas en materia de escritura y pronunciación. Para ello, se seleccionan, en primer lugar, pasajes de obras gramaticales tardo-antiguas y medievales relativos a la escritura y a la pronunciación con el fin de precisar las reglas fonográficas que constituirían la competencia gramatical básica de los escribas. En segundo lugar, se ofrece un análisis ilustrativo del modo en que dichas reglas se utilizan para la notación de onomástica no latina en diplomas de la colección medieval de Irache de los siglos XI y XII.

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7

Kenyhercz, Róbert. "A Szepes vármegyére vonatkozó középkori oklevelek filológiai tanulságai." Magyar Nyelvjárások 58 (2020): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30790/mnyj/2020/04.

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Philological Findings from the Historical Linguistic Study of Medieval Charters from Szepes County My paper introduces the philological findings derived from the linguistic analy-sis of medieval charters for Szepes County. During the discussion of various fac-tors, my ultimate objective is to find out how the proper name data of the charters may be used for the purposes of research in historical linguistics and onomastics. Although the observations and hypotheses are based on the study of sources from Szepes specifically, I believe that the issues addressed in my paper also carry broader relevance and thus may be used both when interpreting remnants of char-ters and in the process of historical linguistic research based on these. Keywords: Szepes County, medieval charters, linguistic prestige, Latinization

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8

O'NEILL, PAMELA. "When Onomastics Met Archaeology: A Tale of Two Hinbas." Scottish Historical Review 87, no. 1 (April 2008): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0036924108000036.

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The identification of the island named Hinba, referred to in Adomnán's Life of Columba, has exercised scholarly attention intermittently for hundreds of years. Successfully identifying Hinba would have the potential to enhance our understanding of the geography, politics and culture of western Scotland in the early medieval period. This article analyses Adomnán's references to Hinba and assesses the toponymic, material culture and written evidence pertaining to the islands of western Scotland, to propose Canna as the most likely location. A review of the stone sculpture and archaeological remains on Canna supports the proposition. An inquiry into the probable geographical feature referred to by Adomnán as Muirbolc Már includes a summary of the known instances of the placename element muirbolc in Scotland and Northern Ireland and proposes that it may not, as generally thought, indicate an enclosed bay. The significance of Eigg, where one of Columba's disciples was marooned en route to Hinba, is assessed.

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9

Brink, Stefan. "Cult sites in northern Sweden." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 13 (January 1, 1990): 458–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67191.

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The pagan cult in northern Sweden, i.e, Norrland, has for some decades been a neglected chapter in our history, a situation which unfortunately applies to Sweden as a whole, at least where onomastics are concerned. The aim is thus to deliver an overview of the evidence that we have of pre-Christian religious activities in these northern parts — in this aspect, onomastic material is nearly almost all we have got — and some general remarks about the conversion to the new Christian religion. The area of investigation is what in the (Swedish) medieval period was known as Norrland. In other words, the part of Sweden considered here is modern Central Norrland. With our state of knowledge of today it is not so easy to pick out the place-names that have denoted some kind of pagan cult activity. The place-name material can be divided into: 1. Theoforic place-names 2. place-names denoting the site of a pagan cult, which do not however contain theoforic elements 3. place-names with a possible pagan cultic element.

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10

Sayers, William. "Onomastics and destiny: Óláfr Pái Hǫskuldsson and family (Laxdæla saga)." Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 140, no. 4 (November 29, 2023): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20834624sl.23.015.18637.

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The Icelandic chieftain Óláfr Hǫskuldsson of Laxdæla saga is the son of an enslaved Irish princess, Melkorka, yet is still judged a candidate to succeed her father as an Irish king. His choice to return to Iceland is validated by his subsequent success as a stockman and community leader. Yet he fails to recognize that the source of his prosperity and material plenty lies in his maternal inheritance, in which Melkorka (‘Smooth-Oat’) may be identified as a Celtic sovereignty figure, the source of his irrecusable election to a rich somatic life and chieftaincy, complemented by the attention of his paternal family’s tutelary spirit or fylgja. By slaughtering his totemic ox, Harri, he calls down the vengeance of the Icelandic tutelary figure representing his father’s family’s fortunes which had concurrently assured his success. Retribution follows later in the saga with the death of his favourite son, Kjartan. From the perspective of the thirteenth century, when Iceland yielded to Norwegian hegemony, the arc of Óláfr’s career is paralleled on a greater scale by Iceland’s early medieval history.

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11

Zaldua Etxabe, Luis Mari. "Gipuzkoa in antiquity: languages and linguistic areas in the light of onomastics." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 131 (June 30, 2021): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv131.11.

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Some recent studies claim that a pre-Latin Indo-European (Celtic) language was predominant in Gipuzkoa during antiquity. However, the pertinent information available is scant and often questionable. Here we examine the data that can be drawn from Roman-era epigraphy as well as geographers’ and historians’ books in a unified fashion and compare these data with medieval and Modern Age Basque onomastics. The purpose is to shed light on the linguistic situation of Gipuzkoan antiquity from a geographic as well as historical perspective. In the same vein, we attempt to verify whether linguistic and archeological data point in the same direction, in order to determine the existence of one or several cultural areas.

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12

Wickenden, Thomas. "An Anglian Alliance: Place-Name Tracing the Iclingas and Wicingas." Mediaevistik 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 11–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2022.01.01.

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Abstract This paper describes the close relationship between two obscure tribal groups, the Iclingas and the Wicingas. Starting on the Continent in Angeln and crossing over to East Anglia by different routes, they migrated across post-Roman Britain to the Western Midlands, where they provided mutual support in establishing the medieval kingdoms of Mercia and Hwiccia. Based upon the tracing of place-names and the mapping of settlements along historical migration routes, this research incorporates several disciplines, including medieval history, migration studies, and onomastics. The paper also makes use of innovative techniques, such as Micro-level Tracing and Contact Tracing, as well as modern tools, such as the Mathematical Theory of Games, and Google Maps, to describe the unexpected alliance between these two Anglian kinship groups, thereby adding significant information to the notoriously opaque history of Britain in the sixth century.

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13

Napol’skich, Vladimir. "Ermanarichs arctoi gentes (Jordanes Getica, 116)." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 22, no. 1 (July 26, 2016): 26–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341294.

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The well-knowm fragment from Jordanes Getica (116) containing the list of northern peoples allegedly conquered by the Gothic king Ermanarich is reconsidered taking into account the long history of studies, data of other late antique and early medieval sources and onomastics of Finno-Ugric, Iranian and North Caucasian languages. The list is considered to be originally a Gothic poetical memorandum similar to other Germanic thulas (as, e.g., in “Widsith”) introduced into Latin text and partly latinized. The beginning of the list is determined after the syntax of the sentence where it is included and later interpunction of manuscripts. Beginning with the Gothic word thiudos ‘peoples’ (Acc. pl.) the list is reconstructed as enumeration of ethnic groups and territories along the way from the Baltic over the Ladoga Lake to the upper Volga and down the Volga River up to its mouth and the North Caucasian steppe up to the Black Sea and, probably, Crimea. This must have been a way discovered by a Gothic expedition in the middle of the 4th c., when the Goths were very active in the Volga basin as it may be seen from the archaeological materials. All the names of the list are localized and interpreted with minimal emendations since they have either good parallels in historical sources or modern onomastics or may be understood as fragments of Gothic text. The results are shown on the map (Fig. 3).

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Khapizov, Sh M., and M. G. Shekhmagomedov. "EPITAFIES OF THE RELATIVES OF HADJI IBRAHIM AL-URADI AS A SOURCE ON THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIST AND ON THE HISTORY OF GIDATL." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 13, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch13413-21.

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The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.

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15

Basterrika, Iker. ""Leire": formas, usos y etimología de un topónimo / "Leire": forms, uses and etymology of a place-name." Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo" 49, no. 1/2 (June 14, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/asju.18812.

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After having compiled the mentions of Leire until 1202, we have classified them according to several criteria in order to determine the toponym’s first written and oral forms and to understand relations between them. We suggest that these forms can take us back to two old forms of the toponym (*Le/j/erius and *Le/j/orius), which can be a result of two distinct phonetic evolutions of the Frank anthroponym Leodegarius. Thus, *Le/j/erius would derive from Old French (Leger). It was used in more formal contexts: it is the first documented form and the one used preferably by Church hierarchs to name the monastery of Leire. The evolution of the forms *Le/j/orius, in turn, would involve a metathesis which we find both in the medieval Basque onomastics (Ligoarius) and in the Aquitanian toponymy (Liguaire). This form, found in Romance and Basque contexts, was the vernacular and less formal one. The anthroponym Leodegarius might refer to a bishop of Autun, the leader of one of the factions fighting in the Merovingian kingdoms in the late 7th century, and martyr linked to the subsequent rise of the Carolingians. So, the toponym Leire could correspond to a dedication and foundation of a Frank monastery contemporary to the Carolingian counties of Pamplona and Aragon at the beginning of the 9th century.

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Saparov, Kuat, Jiri Chlachula, and Aigul Yeginbayeva. "Toponymy of the Ancient Sary-Arka (North-Eastern Kazakhstan)." Quaestiones Geographicae 37, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2018-0024.

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Abstract This study examines the etymology of the principal physiographic entities of the ancient Sary-Arka area–meaning in the old Turkic language Yellowing Ridge – encompassing the present territory of parkland-steppes, rocky highlands and the adjacent mountains of North and East Kazakhstan. The current linguistic evidence points to a complex and chronologically long culture-historical development reflected by the local place names best-recorded for the major rivers and mountains (hydronyms and oronyms, respectively). Not all geo-site names are securely determined by using modern onomastics. Records of material culture provide additional multi-proxy information. Local uniformity of some toponyms across the extensive area assuming a common cultural background attests to a broader ethnic homogeneity and/or mobility of the ancient populations inhabiting this vast and geomorphically mosaic land. This suggests a close relationship and interactions (including demographic exchanges and mixing) between the past pastoral ethics in the parkland-steppe and semi-desert areas north of Lake Balkhash between the Aral Sea and the southern Urals in the West and the Alatau–Altai Mountain systems in the East. Whereas the hydronyms of the Sary-Arka may have a rather complex and not fully clear origin with a connection to the Turkic-Tatar medieval tribes and nations’ occupancy in northern Central Asia eventually modified into the present Kazakh language forms, the oronyms of the East Kazakhstan mountain ranges indicate the Mongolian roots.

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17

Peterson, David. "The Languages of the Invaders of 711, Invasion and Language Contact in Eighth–Century Northwestern Iberia*." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.46.

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SummaryA number of disparate onomastic phenomena occurring in northwestern Iberia have long puzzled scholars: the abundance of Arabic personal names in early medieval Christian communities, often fossilised as place–names; the extraordinarily profuse Romance toponym Quintana; and a surprisingly high number of hypothetical Amazigh (i.e. Berber) demonyms. In this paper we argue that these seemingly disparate onomastic phenomena can all be explained if it is accepted that following the Islamic invasion of Iberia in 711, the Amazigh settlers of the Northwest were at least partially latinophone. The internal history of the Maghreb suggests this would have been the case at least in the sense of Latin as a lingua franca, a situation which the speed and superficiality of the Islamic conquest of said region would have been unlikely to have altered significantly. In this context, all of the puzzling onomastic elements encountered in the Northwest fall into place as the result of the conquest and settlement of a Romance– speaking region by Romance–speaking incomers bearing Arabic personal names but retaining their indigenous tribal affiliations and logically choosing to interact with the autochthonous population in the lan-guage they all shared.

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Skrzyńska, Katarzyna, and Zygmunt Gałecki. "Wiejskie struktury osadnicze i ich przemiany w czasie. Przykład Nowosielca na dawnym pograniczu polsko-rusko-litewskim." Przegląd Archeologiczny 69 (September 3, 2021): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/pa69.2021.2105.

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The article discusses the results of archaeological-onomastic research carried out for the village of Nowosielec, Łosice dist., situated in the Toczna river basin on the northern edge of Poland’s Siedlce Upland. Archaeological analyses of the chronological and spatial development of this micro-regional settlement showed this oecumene to have been continuously viable from the younger phases of the early Middle Ages to modern times. A trace of the continuity of settlement is preserved as the very place-name Nowosielec = Nowe Sioło (‘New Village’), which records memory of the existence of an older village. Its onomastic base indicates that it derived from the Old East Slavic term seło, which formed the core of many toponyms along the eastern frontier of contemporary Poland. The rise of the oldest settlement was probably related to the socioeconomic facilities of the nearby Dzięcioły stronghold – identified as the pre-location centre of the region (medieval Łosice). The example of Nowosielec and two other local micro-regions where settlement processes show similar patterns, offer insight into the regional settlement regress dated to the 2nd half of the 13th century. Results of the research carried out in the upper Toczna river basin show that its cultural landscape radically changed not earlier than during the 14th-15th centuries and was not caused by a demographic decline. Regional cultural continuity between the early medieval, late medieval, and modern times can be identified thanks to archaeological investigations and linguistic analysis of regional toponyms – in the case of microregions continuously functioning from the early Middle Ages till the modern period –derived from Old Russian apellatives and personal names.

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Zakharova, Ekaterina V., Denis V. Kuzmin, and Irma I. Mullonen. "Half a Century of Onomastic Research in Karelia." Вопросы ономастики 17, no. 3 (2020): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.3.047.

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The article marks the 50th anniversary of onomastic research in Karelia which has brought about 12 monographs and dictionaries, as well as several hundred articles. The paper summarizes the most important advances made by the research team in local toponymy studies: a typology of the Balto-Finniс toponyms, the peculiarities of Karelian and Vepsian name motivation, and the ways that Karelian and Vepsian names are adapted to the Russian naming system. The development of methods of areal typology allowed the researchers to restore the picture of ethno-linguistic history of Karelia and adjacent territories, based on toponymic evidence. In the field of anthroponymy, the progress relates to the identification of numerous Karelian folk variants of Orthodox names and the reconstruction of medieval male and female personal names system of Karelians and Vepsians. The latter also proved the fact that non-calendar Russian names were actively used among the Karelians at the turn of the Middle Ages and the Modern Times. Particular attention is given to the research team’s activity and achievements in the field of onomastic lexicography, which produced a number of toponymic dictionaries of different types. The important role of the continuous fieldwork of Karelian toponymists, carried out both in the territory of Karelia and outside the republic, is noted. Ultimately, the work of three generations of researchers has been brought together in a comprehensive toponymic card-index comprising 300.000 units in Karelian, Veps, and Russian, as well as its electronic version (GIS Toponymy of Karelia) with additional mapping and analytical functionalities.

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Pacheco Catalán, Núria. "Dime cómo te llamas y te diré de dónde vienes. La revolución antroponímica y sus posibilidades para el estudio de las migraciones medievales." Cuadernos del CEMyR, no. 31 (2023): 529–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.cemyr.2023.31.22.

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Between the 11th and the12th centuries, the Anthroponomic Revolution took place. This is defined as a process that developed on a European scale and completely transformed the way of designating people. The previous system based on a single name and a broad onomastic stock was replaced by a smaller set of names to which a second element was added, the precursor of surnames. This paper develops a state of the matter on the characteristics and causes of the Anthroponomic Revolution and analyses the possibilities offered by anthroponymy to study medieval migrations.

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DIMA, EMANUELA. ""Etape ale fixării patronimicului în onomastica românească medievală. Alcătuirea și funcționalitatea formulelor de descendență"." Studii și cercetări lingvistice 2022, no. 2 (July 2022): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/scl.2022.2.05.

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"The lexical filiation periphrases, inserted right after the personal name (usually baptize name, very seldom personal surname) occur in internal and both external documents, after several decades of the exclusive use of the single name (nomen singulare). These types of periphrases could be found in documents coming all over the romance chancelleries, therefore this denominative practice must have been widely spread at a certain historical stage. Soon after the occurence of the patronimic (by eliminating the relational noun (filius or proles) from the latin filiation periphrases), these lexical kinds of denomination are to be used especially in legal contexts, indicating thus the relation with the head of the family in certain situations. As for Romanian at the moment of the first intern texts were released, one can notice the use of the lexical filiation in all three chancelleries but not as an exclusively mean of naming. As a certain particularity we are to mention the use of filiation in the official denomination of the Wallachian ruler, probable a trace of a Byzantine influence. Regarding the occurrence of filiation periphrases within the internal documents these are used especially in judicial contexts and in legal texts, but not as a unique way of naming. On the contrary, one can notice the alternative use of all the ways of naming (surnames, agent names, toponymical references a.s.o.)."

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Mladjov, Ian. "Monarchs’ Names and Numbering in the Second Bulgarian State." Studia Ceranea 5 (December 30, 2015): 267–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.05.09.

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The article explores the onomastic practices of medieval Bulgarians, focusing on the Second Bulgarian State, from the late 12th to the early 15th century. The collected evidence suggests that soon after their conversion to Christianity, Bulgarians abandoned the attested pre-Christian clan names. Yet, despite the undeniable strength of Byzantine cultural influence, neither aristocrats nor commoners in Bulgaria seem to have adopted Byzantine-type family names, nor, for that matter, making recourse to the use of patronymics as found among the Eastern and other Southern Slavs. Thus, for example, the name Asen became a true family name only among members of the royal family living in Byzantium. More generally, the few cases of family names or patronymics apparently applied to medieval Bulgarians, seem to be restricted to a foreign context. While family names and patronymics do not seem to have been employed in Christian Medieval Bulgaria, many individuals (at least where males are concerned) appear to have sported double names, composed almost invariably of a baptismal Christian name paired with a folk name usually derived from Slavic or even Bulgar tradition. This practice included Bulgaria’s monarchs, most of whom had such double names that should not be misinterpreted as family names or patronyms, as often done in the past. Specific names did, however, function as indicators for belonging within a particular lineage, as witnessed by the propagation of names like Asen, Terter, Šišman, and Sracimir. Thus, while these cannot be considered true family names, we could continue to use them as expedients to designate the ruling clans of Medieval Bulgaria (e.g., the House of Terter), albeit recognizing this to be a modern label. These considerations not only elucidate another aspect of cultural practice in Medieval Bulgaria, but also allow and necessitate a relatively inobtrusive emendation and systematization of the historiographical nomenclature of Medieval Bulgarian monarchs. Discarding the notion of family names and recognizing foreign patronymics for what they are, it becomes possible to recover the actual results of dynastic name selection, as well as the rationale behind them.

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Gordova, Juliana Ju. "Onomastic reconstruction: Restoration and location of ancient toponymy according to the names of wastelands, hillforts, ancient settlements (Ryazan region)." Rhema, no. 4, 2019 (2019): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2953-2019-4-53-69.

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The article discusses one of the methods of onomastic reconstruction, which allows to restore the region’s early toponymy from the names of medieval mountains, villages and wastelands, as well as to determine the localization of lost toponyms based on the analysis of derived names. Some of these toponyms undergo a “three-step” transtoponimization: first they are stored in the name of the settlement or hillfort (Olpeevskoe selishche / Olpeevsky settlement, Perevitskoe gorodishche / Perevitsky hillfort), then in the name of the village, in a compo-und with the participation of a special term (derevnyа Olpeevskoe Selishche / village of Olpeevsky Settlement), and further in the name of the wasteland («pustosh’, chto byla derevnya Knyazhnoe Selishche» / «the wasteland that was the village of Knyazhnoe Settlement»). The article explores the Ryazan toponymy.

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Ochała, Grzegorz. "Nubica onomastica miscellanea V: Reedition of two Old Nubian lists of names from Qasr Ibrim." Journal of Juristic Papyrology, no. 50 (August 2, 2021): 233–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36389/uw.jjurp.50.2020.pp.233-261.

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Unlike previous instalments of the ‘Nubica onomastica miscellanea’-series which focused on correcting single names or phrases in Nubian texts, its fifth part brings the complete reedition of two more substantial texts originally published by Giovanni Ruffini. The former is a list of witnesses to a deed of land sale (P. Qasr Ibrim IV 65) and the latter an account (P. Qasr Ibrim IV 80). While the main subject of the paper are personal names that can be found in the two documents, other elements, such as grammar, lexicon, and – especially for P. Qasr Ibrim IV 80 – the matter of the document are also duly treated. By identifying ghost-names in Ruffini’s edition and proposing the identification of new Old Nubian substantives, the paper enhances our knowledge about the vocabulary of the language. Last but not least, the new interpretation of P. Qasr Ibrim IV 80, which – for the first time in medieval Nubia – appears to explicitly state the value of certain commodities in dirhams, is an important contribution to the studies on the monetisation of Nubian economy.

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Waldispühl, Michelle, and Christine Wallis. "Personal names in medieval libri vitæ as a sociolinguistic resource." Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 129–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2021-0020.

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Abstract This paper explores the potential of using a historical sociolinguistic approach to interrogate the extensive lists of personal names found in medieval libri vitæ. So far, these lists have mainly been exploited in historical and a few onomastic studies, with a focus on name etymology and personal naming practices. Both the linguistics of the names and sociolinguistic perspectives remain to date underexamined. In this contribution, we explore possible sociolinguistic research questions, and present methodological challenges and preliminary results on the basis of four case studies from two examples, the libri vitæ of Thorney Abbey and Reichenau. The case studies examine autographs, choice of script and language, and dialect adaptation. Our main interest lies in the modelling and explanation of graphic and linguistic variation in the names. Our particular focus is on the status of the respective vernacular languages involved (Old English and Old High German) and in the conclusions we can draw from these documents about their underlying writing traditions in general, and scribal training and practices in particular.

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Rubio Vela, Agustín. "Sobre Joan Martorell, señor de Beniarbeig, y otros casos de homonimia en el siglo XV valenciano. Notas de archivo y observaciones metodológicas." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 5, no. 5 (June 12, 2015): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.5.6378.

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Resumen: Se aborda, con intención metodológica, el problema de la homonimia en la documentación medieval. Errores de identificación, confusiones y anacronismos detectados en estudios recientes, ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de conocer mejor los aspectos onomásticos, diplomáticos y de contexto que permiten diferenciar correctamente individuos coetáneos portadores del mismo nombre. La documentación relativa a Joan Martorell, señor de Beniarbeig, su hijo y su nieto, tres homónimos de una misma familia valenciana del siglo XV emparentada con la del autor de Tirant lo Blanch, es el punto de partida del artículo, en el que se analizan también otros casos. Palabras clave: Valencia, siglo XV, Joan Martorell, homónimo Abstract: With a methodological purpose, I handle the issue of homonimy in medieval documentation. Identification mistakes, confusions and anachronisms detected in recent studies have contributed to raise awareness about the need to get to know better some onomastic, diplomatic and contextual aspects which allow us to tell the difference between contemporary individuals who had the same surname. The starting point of this article, in which some other cases are also analysed, is the documentation related to Joan Martorell, lord of Beniarbeig, as well as to his son and grandson, three homonymous elements of the same Valencian family living in the 15th century and having blood ties with the author of Tirant lo Blanch. Key words: Valencia, 15th century, Joan Martorell, homonym

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Zarković, Božidar. "Sport, games and chivalry in medieval Serbia." Fizicko vaspitanje i sport kroz vekove 9, no. 1 (2022): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spes2201102z.

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Sports games held during the ancient times were an important factor that influenced the entire social life of the era. During the greatest sport events such as the Olympic Games, all hostilities and war conflicts ceased and the winners of the games were considered to be equal to gods. Although developed on the foundations of the Greek culture and Roman state, the Middle Ages, under the influence of Christianity, banned the Olympics considering them a pagan relic, making most sports undesirable. The invasion of barbarians, which destroyed the remnants of the old society, accelerated this process. Yet, not all sports activities died out. The ones related to everyday activities, fighting and warfare continued to live. Serbian medieval state originated in the area between Byzantium and Western Europe and was exposed to influences from both sides, both the East and West. These influences were also manifested in sports, games and chivalry. The influences' paths varied, though, and were connected to population's travelling and mixing. Thus, the Eastern influence came from the Byzantine neighboring cities, and the Western from the Westerners - the Sas (Saxon) miners who worked and lived in Serbia, merchants and craftsmen from the coastal region, as well as mercenary military squads hired by the rulers. Sports activities, games and knightly competitions in medieval Serbia were connected with other social events and could be found in mixed environment such as urban settlements, as well as at gatherings at certain religious buildings. Gatherings in the cities were connected with organization of trade fairs and trade shows, and at monasteries and churches with religious festivals held almost every day. Preserved onomastic materials testify about sports activities: igrište (arena), potecište (starting point), strelište (shooting range) and others. Sports activities and knightly competitions were of a competitive nature, whereas the games were for fun. The paper discusses the presence of sports activities, games and chivalry in medieval Serbia, their origin, venues and social significance.

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Bura, László. "Családnevek művelődéstörténeti és nyelvészeti tanúságtétele." Névtani Értesítő 33 (December 30, 2011): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2011.4.

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The paper presents the results of historical onomastic research surveying names related to the pupils who attended the grammar school in Szatmárnémeti (Romania) between 1807 and 1852. The observed lists of the relevant personal and place-names are considered here to be important sources for both linguistics and social sciences. Based on the birth places of the pupils, the school district of the educational institutions in Szatmár County can easily be identified. A comparison among surnames of Hungarian, Slavic, German and Romanian origin reveals the similarities in motivation and practice of giving family names among different nations. The surnames give the opportunity of observing folk migration across regions, sometimes even across the borders of Hungary. In connection with the origins of the surveyed family names, the author also discusses in detail such questions as the relation between language origin and identity; the consciousness of being Hungarian determined by the conceptions of “medieval statehood” and “noble nation”; and the process of folk assimilation.

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Napolskikh, Vladimir V. "“My Arrow, Fly Up Double, Come Down Single”: To the Problem of Scandinavian–Alanic Parallels in the Mythological Onomasticon." Вопросы Ономастики 18, no. 3 (2021): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.3.034.

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The article compares the plots of the Ossetian Nart epic (the tale of Axsar and Axsartag, sons of Warxag, in which one of the brothers gets killed by a doubled or forked arrow due to a misunderstanding) and the Icelandic epic (the story of the accidental murder of Baldr by his blind brother Höd with a dart from a mistletoe shoot, in medieval illustrations to which the murder weapon is also depicted as forked sprout). The peculiarity of the plot (a strange, forked murder weapon), which was already incomprehensible to Ossetian storytellers and Icelandic medieval writers, is a typical example of “common oddity,” which can be a decisive argument when comparing folklore motifs for a common origin. In addition to the similarity of the plots, a commonality is found in the genealogy of the heroes of these legends, through which they fit into the mythological picture of the world of the corresponding traditions and in the mythological onomasticon: the parallelism of pairs Odin — Frigg / Freya (with her father Njord, the god of waters) and Warхag / Wastyrdg’i — Dzerassa (daughter of the god of waters Donbettyr), semantic similarities in the names of the heroes (‘Warrior,’ ‘Hero’) and the exact match in the names of their ancestors (Boræ — Buri, Bor). All these observations allow us to hypothesize for the presence of borrowed Gothic plots in the North German epic tradition, which also include the story of Hermanarich, Sunilda and her brothers, known from Jordanes’ Getica. It also leads us to explain why some sagas trace the location of the Ases and Odin ancestral home to the mouth of the Don. These German-Ossetian parallels do not go back to Indo-European antiquity but testify to the close Gothic–Alanic contacts in the northern Black Sea region in the 3rd–4th centuries.

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Zhuzhgina-Allahverdian, T. N. "FUNCTIONING OF OYCONYMS AND URBANONYMS IN AN EPIC NARRATIVE." INTELLIGENCE. PERSONALITY. CIVILIZATION, no. 1 (22) (June 30, 2021): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33274/2079-4835-2021-22-2-40-48.

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Objective. The objective of the article is to study the principles and specifics of functioning oyconyms and urbanonyms in the epic narration as a part of the lexical-semantic system of the language. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained by an onomastic method, extralinguistic analysis, structural-paradigmatic and lexical-semantic analysis. The cognitive method states in the urbanonymic paradigm the key functional features of urban names in the epic and song-epic narration. Results. The toponyms and their varieties are found under the influence of fiction of ancient epics, ballads and folk songs, as well as chronicle and chronicle literature. But in the epic text, attention to the epic event and imidge is often more important than chronological accuracy, because in the epic narration the time is subordinated to the artistic aspect. The medieval epics differs from the chronicle narration, which must be documented. In the ballad the name acts as a poetonym (symbol) and at the same time functions as a deixis, which indicates historical events and manifests as a chronological marker of action. In epic text the oyconyms and urbononyms act as signs of ancient culture, take on the function of the coordinates of the medieval locus. They acquire in the literary text the meaning of toponymic and oyconymic concepts. Famous place names act as artistic symbols, at the same time confirming historical facts, battle scenes, etc. Toponyms are involved in the formation of historical-geographic and landscape-geographic descriptions, influence the mention politics, economics, trade, culture, specialties of business, identify the function of documenting text, linking to the locus. In the literary context is the medieval interest to linking urban area with names and including toponyms that mark the historical and discursive space and form new lexical and semantic fields. They themselves create a lyrical tonality and special atmosphere, in which the historical theme is similar to literary and poetic ones.

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Parkin, D. Harry. "The Onomastic Data of the Fourteenth-Century Poll Tax Returns: A Case for Further Dialectological Study of Late Medieval English." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 49, no. 2 (January 29, 2015): 33–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2014-0007.

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Abstract An important source of localisable Middle English dialectological data has recently become widely accessible, thanks to the published transcription of the 1377, 1379 and 1381 poll tax re-turns by Carolyn C. Fenwick (1998, 2001, 2005). As the only collection of onomastic data from the late fourteenth century with national coverage, the name forms in the records can be analysed to further our understanding of Middle English dialect distribution and change. As with many historical records, the poll tax returns are not without damage and so do not cover the country in its entirety, but provided their investigation is carried out with suitable methodological caution, they are of considerable dialectological value. Using the poll tax data, the distributions of two dialect features particular to the West Midlands (specifically rounding of /a/ to /o/ before nasals and /u/ in unstressed positions) are presented and compared with the patterns given for the same features in Kristensson’s (1987) dialect survey of data from 1290-1350. By identifying apparent discrepancies in dialect distribution from these datasets, which represent periods of no more than 100 years apart, it seems that the spread of certain Middle English dialect features may have changed considerably over a short space of time. Other possible reasons for these distribution differences are also suggested, highlighting the difficulties in comparing dialect data from differ-ent sets of records. Through this paper a case for further dialectological study, using the poll tax returns, is made, to add to the literature on Middle English dialect distribution and to improve our knowledge of ME dialect phonologies at the end of the fourteenth century.

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Grishchenko, Alexander I. "The Slavic Adventures of Greek Kohath: On the Origin of the Title of the Old Russian Book of Kaaf." Slovene 1, no. 2 (2012): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2012.1.2.5.

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The article deals with the origin of the title of the Slavonic-Russian Book of Kaaf which has been still attributed to a hazy Hebrew source. In fact, the name of the second son of Levi, Kohath (קהת), appeared in the title absolutely accidentally, and the title came from from the Greek gloss Καὰθ ἐκκλησιαστής included in the explanatory onomasticons of Biblical names. This gloss is, perhaps, connected with the corresponding passage in the Testament of Levi from the apocryphal Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs. Moreover, the article contains comparative data of the spelling of Kohath’s name in Church Slavonic translations of the Pentateuch and in the Palaea Interpretata, in the latter not only in the Testament of Levi, but also in its main text. The adventures of the word Кааѳъ / Каафъ in medieval Russian writing turn out to be entirely literary, and not connected with any hypothetical verbal tradition, which might have proved to have been a tempting explanation for this word.

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Litvina, Anna F., and Fjodor B. Uspenskij. "The Deposition of Czar Vasili Shuisky in the Light of New Data." Вопросы Ономастики 20, no. 3 (2023): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2023.20.3.033.

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The article demonstrates how onomastic studies can help with interpretation of the key events of Russian history. The central figure of the paper is Czar Vasili IV of Russia (Vasili Ivanovich Shuisky): the first part of the paper focuses on the attribution of a valuable altar cross from the early 17th c., which has to do with the Christian binominality of this monarch, while the second part deals with the semiotics of the Czar’s deposition from the anthroponymic perspective. The votive inscription on the eight-pointed reliquary cross made of gilded silver gilded and decorated with stamped and carved sacred images on its front side says that the cross was donated to the Suzdal Monastery of the Intercession of Our Lady in 1603/04, with the style of figurative images, foliage pattern and the high quality of work clearly indicate the Moscow origin of this liturgical object. Until now, the identity of the donator was believed to be unclear, although the inscription is readable and contains both the names and all information necessary for identification. Many people of Medieval Rus’ had two lay Christian names — today this idea comes as less of surprise to researchers as it used to a decade earlier, yet the tradition of lay Christian binominality is still to be described and analyzed. Studying specific cases sometimes requires almost detective investigation, and challenges faced by a researcher are not incidental: they are rooted in the very ways how this system of lay Christian binominality functioned in the pre-Petrine Rus’: the same person could appear under one name in one case and under the other name in another, and sometimes it is really challenging to find the crossover points allowing to identify, say, Cosmas, servant of God with Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky. The historical and onomastic analysis of the inscription on the cross not only allows to reliably identify the owner of this precious specimen of early 17th-century jewellery but also to make some guesses about the circumstances of donation and to clarify our evidence of naming practices characteristic of the 16th-century Russia.

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Coates, Richard. "The Island Name Krk, Croatia, in its Mediterranean and European Context." Вопросы ономастики 17, no. 3 (2020): 186–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.3.039.

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Krk is one of the two largest islands in the Adriatic archipelago of Croatia, along with Cres. Its name has been discussed most recently by Dubravka Ivšić Majić (Voprosy Onomastiki 16.1, 2019) in the context of an analysis of the survival of the pre-Slavic names of islands presently in Croatia that are recorded in medieval sources, which is based in part on her doctoral dissertation. However, Krk has apparently never been discussed in the wider perspective that is attempted here. The purposes of this article are (1) to examine a moderately large range of similar names in or adjacent to the Mediterranean (understood broadly to include the Ægean, Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas), and (2) to try to form a view about the possible origin and significance of the name and its etymon, along with their possible relation to certain other names and lexical words in languages of the Mediterranean, notably Ancient Greek, and Insular Celtic. Particular attention is paid to the geology, geomorphology and cultural significances of the places bearing names of this type. It is tentatively concluded that the names originally referred to striking geological features invested with cultural significance because of some exceptional additional characteristic, such as the mysterious appearance or disappearance of pure water. Certainty is not possible about the language of original formulation, but the range of variation in the nametypes and their apparent dialectology are considered. Greek is the medium of transmission for the majority of the names analysed. A brief footnote glance is taken at superficially comparable names and lexical items even further from the epicentre of the phenomena considered here.

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Frankiv, Roman. "ON THE QUESTION OF EXISTENCE AND APPEARANCE AN ANCIENT RUS` CHURCH OF ASCENSION IN PEREMYSHL (PRZEMIŚL)." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 61 (October 29, 2021): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.61.116-127.

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Architectural and urban organization of Przemyśl in the era of Kievan Rus' remains a little-studied topic. Significant changes that city has undergone throughout history have almost completely leveled the spatial structure of the first centuries of its history, when it was the capital, and later, the second most important city in Halician Rus'. One of the few covered topics are the identification and localization of religious buildings of the X-XIV centuries. Sometimes, data about them is obtained from small crumbs of information preserved in medieval sources, as well as in archaeological materials. The articles summarize the sources and archaeological materials about probable existence of ancient Rus` Ascension church on so-called "Tatar Hill" in Przemyśl. On their basis it provides arguments on this hypotheses. Such arguments are: onomastic (historical dominance of the name of the Ascension and its derivatives in the area), necropolic (presence of traces of the churchyard), ritualistic (ancient tradition of religious processions that ended here), conversionalistic (existence here in the XVI - XVII centuries roman-catholic chapel of St. Leonard may be associated with the practice of transformation of Latin temples from old Rus` ones). Additionally, it is supported by the practice of building rocky-wooden objects in Нalician Rus', a number of which were discovered in the second half of the twentieth century. Due to the exceptional location of the hill in terms of survey of the area and archaeological material, it was suggested a military nature of its use. However, in all the archaeological research conducted here since the nineteenth (and possibly eighteenth centuries), no object of military purpose has been found. This is a stark contrast, for example, to the archeological material found on Stare Zamchysko Hill (or the hill of the Three Crosses), one kilometer to the north-west. Probable structure of the Ascension Hill in ancient Rus` times can be outlined as such. The church could be part of a small monastery complex and was located on the highest rock from the west. The rock was partially covered with earth to eliminate cracks and level the surface. Further to the east there was a reduction, on which, on the loose soil, there were living quarters. The complex could protect the fence, both at the top and around the hill.

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Gätje, Helmut. "Arabische Lexikographie Ein Historischer Überblick." Historiographia Linguistica 12, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1985): 105–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.12.1-2.06gat.

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Summary The first part of the article (Sect. 1–6), an earlier version of which appeared in 1964, constitutes a survey of medieval Arabic lexicography, which resulted in the conlusion that the works of these lexicographers could not be used, according to modern standards, as primary sources for lexical studies of Arabic, as has frequently been done up to now. It is characteristic of medieval Arabic lexicography that it was limited to the study of Classical Arabic, the literary language of Islamic society until the end of the tenth century. The beginnings of Arabic lexicography date back to the time of ‘Alī or to the early Umayyads and were motivated by the concern for the classical language and its preservation from decline and deterioration. It was primarily the Koran, tradition literature, early poetry and proverbs which served as a basis for lexical studies. As a result of these scholarly efforts a number of lexical works were produced, some of which aiming at a complete vocabulary of the language, others being limited to certain linguistic and literary fields. Besides dictionaries in the proper sense there are also onomastic dictionaries. The arrangement of roots varies in different works. Although some of these dictionaries are extremely voluminous, they do not adequately represent the actual state of the language, as evidenced by the Lisān al-’Arab, for, on the one hand, they are often incomplete, on the other hand they contain material of dubious origin. Information as to usage and currency is lacking. The arrangement of the material within the roots is irregular and unsystematic, and the morphological structure of words is not always clearly established. There are shortcomings with regard to the definition of word meaning; moreover, no distinction is made between common and occasional meaning. Sometimes a meaning is stated as being known, sometimes it is defined by synonyms. Information regarding gender is often too general and wide, whereas with regard to meaning it is too narrow, based on isolated occurrences or simply false. In conclusion, reference is made to the Wörterbuch der klassischen arabischen Sprache (WKAS), which constitutes a new approach to Arabic lexicography. The second part of the paper (Sect.7–10) reports on the progress and development of the WKAS up to 1983 (date of publication of the first half of the second volume). The source material has been considerably enlarged, and there are also improvements from the technical point of view. Another change, however, is the widening of the linguistic scope. In addition to the classical language in the strict sense, translations from Greek (and Syriac) and relevant works succeeding them are taken into acount. Although this material only refers to certain domains of Greek thought, mainly pertaining to scientific subjects, it is rather heterogenous and often requires considerable expert knowledge. Theoretical concepts are more frequent here than in common literary language. The translations vary, moreover, as to quality and usage; the latter also applies to relevant subsequent literature. In philosophy, for instance, only a small quantity of loan-words and foreign words is to be observed. Word composition being almost completely lacking as a means of translation, Greek terms were rendered by way of morphological derivations and syntactical structures, or by semantic extensions and semantic loans. At the present stage of research it is not yet possible to achieve a complete inventory of technical terms; consequently, examples quoted as reference are not always equally pertinent. For the same reason a number of terms and definitions could be added in the field of philosophy as well. Another problem is the choice of adequate European meanings for rendering Arabic concepts. In the WKAS philosophical terms are partially included in the entries devoted to common language. In such cases, but also when they are treated apart, sequences of meaning are sometimes produced which are neither homogeneous in themselves, nor do they always fit in with the examples quoted. Thus the user must take notice of the distinction made within individual entries, and, if required, rely on his own judgment in finding further definitions. All things considered, the WKAS is certainly not to be regarded as a substitute for a dictionary of philosophical terms, but it offers rich and valuable material in this respect.

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37

Bubalo, Djordje. "Bishop Vlaho or Vlahoepiskop." Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, no. 39 (2001): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0239197b.

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In three different sources written in Serbian - the inventory of the estates of the monastery of the Holy Virgin in Htetovo as well as in the second and third charter issued by king Dusan to the monastery of Treskavac - there is mention of a church prelate identified as vlahoepiskop. One group of historians interpreted this title as referring to a bishop by the name of Vlaho. On the other hand, historians analysing the clauses of all the charters issued to the monastery of Treskavac noticed that in the first charter issued to that monastery the term Vlach bishop stands in place of the term vlahoepiskop found in the second and third charter. Therefore, although with some vacillation, they interpreted the term vlahoepiskop as a synonym for the bishop of the Vlachs, one of the subordinates of the archbishop of Ohrid. This entirely correct conclusion can further be sustained with new arguments in its favor. Judging by the sources available, the name Vlaho is a hypocorystych of the name Vlasi(je), a transcription of its Greek form, B????o?. However, although B????o? is a calendar and thus also a monastic name, its Slavonic diminutive (Vlaho) was never used in the Serbian or any other Slavonic Orthodox church. The name Vlaho is a specific feature of Dubrovnik onomastica (as is the fact that the name of Vlasi(je) is derived from the Greek and not the Latin form of the name, Blasius). In that form it was used solely by the subjects of the Dubrovnik Republic, in the medieval period exclusively as a personal name, while its basic form, Vlasi(je), referred to the saint. In Cyrillic literacy and the anthroponymia of medieval Serbia, only the form Vlasije, never Vlaho, appears as an equivalent of the Greek B????o?;. Thus, Vlaho could by no means have been used as a monastic name of a high ranking prelate of the Serbian church. As it has already rightfully been pointed out by the Hungarian Byzantologist, Mathias Gyoni, the term vlahoepiskop is a calque (or, I may add, a transcription) of the assumed Greek word ????o?????o?o?, denoting a prelate of the bishopric of the Vlachs. This diocese is probably the administrative unit of the church of Ohrid least well documented by the sources. In Greek sources it appears in XI and XII century notitiae and an inscription from the same period. In Serbian sources it appears in the documents mentioned above. Judging by the available information on the organization of the archbishopric of Ohrid, the bishopric of the Vlachs was not responsible for pastoral care of the Vlachs on the entire territory of the archbishopric, it was rather a typical unit of church administration based on the territorial principle. The epithet Vlach in its name indicates the prevalence of this ethnic and social category within its boundaries. In Greek sources this bishopric is referred to as simply the bishopric of the Vlach (B????v) or, variably, as Bp??v??o?/Bp??v???? ??o? B????v. The word B????o? (i.e. Bp??v??o? in most of the older editions and, based on that, in practically the entire bibliography on the subject) was rightfully taken as a determining geographic term, that is as the name of the see of the bishopric. So far, there are several possible ubications of this episcopal see: in Vranje or the villages of Gornji and Donji Vranovci, north of Prilep and, regardless of the name Bp??v??o? (Bp??v??o??), in Prilep or Hlerin. I am more inclined to believe that the twofold name was used to designate the territory under the jurisdiction of a bishop and the ethnic, i.e. social category the density of whose population was the most salient feature of the region. Judging by the name Bp??v??o?, the territory under the jurisdiction of the bishop of the Vlachs can be identified with the region of the mountain range consisting of the Baba massive, in present day Macedonia, and the ??????? and ????? mountains in Greece. This is a compact mountainous region, with a high concentration of Vlach population confirmed by the sources. Since, according to the data found in the charters of the monastery of Treskavac, some of the church estates of the bishop of the Vlachs was located in Hlerin, the episcopal see was most probably situated in that city. Before his elevation to the episcopal throne, the Vlach bishop mentioned in the Htetovo inventory held the position of archimandrites of the monastery of the Holy Virgin in Htetovo. As the head of a Serbian monastery, he could rise to the throne of the Vlach bishopric only after the territory and the center of that bishopric became a part of the Serbian state. Based on our present knowledge of the chronology and extent of Dusan's conquests of Byzantine territories, the earliest possible date is spring of the year 1342 or autumn of the same year. It is certain, however, that in the autumn of 1342 the former archimandrites of Htetovo had already risen to the throne of the Vlach bishopric. That, at the same time, is the last document of its existence.

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Коныратбай, Т. А. "The ethnic character of the Kazakh epic Koblandy Batyr." Эпосоведение, no. 1(29) (March 30, 2023): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/svfu.2023.46.85.006.

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Изучением героического эпоса казахского народа ученые занимались еще в начале ХХ века. Были записаны многочисленные образцы, которые затем публиковались и стали объектом научного исследования. На сегодняшний день известны 29 вариантов главного эпического сказания казахского народа «Кобланды батыр», которые были записаны из уст известных сказителей в различных уголках Казахстана. Это единственное сказание, которое было издано на русском языке и изучалось виднейшими фольклористами в лице А. К. Боровкова, Б. Н. Путилова и др. Несколько ранее изучением данного сказания занимались представители казахской фольклористики – М. Ауэзов, А. Букейханов, М. Габдуллин, К. Жумалиев, А. Конратбаев, О. Нурмагамбетова и др. На методологическом уровне почти все они рассматривали эпос с позиции исторической школы и разрабатывали проблемы историзма и поэтики эпоса. Актуальность настоящей работы заключается в том, что впервые в фольклористике осуществляется попытка освещения различных сведений этнического характера, отраженных в героическом эпосе «Кобланды батыр», с позиции этнической истории. Цель статьи – найти точки соприкосновения этнических сведений в эпосе с реальными событиями этнической истории тюркоязычных племен. В этой связи ставятся такие задачи, как определение историко-этнической эпохи происходящих событий в эпосе; этимологический и семантический анализ ономастических наименований – этнонимов, топонимов, антропонимов. Раскрывается сущность многих терминов этнического порядка, подвергнутых трансформации позднейшими сказителями эпоса. Этнический характер сказания рассматривался в советское время с позиции исторического процесса. Почти все исследователи замыкались вопросом: в какую эпоху происходили эти события и какие столкновения средневековых этнических групп нашли отражены в героическом эпосе? Понятно, что эти проблемы ставились в рамках методологии исследования исторической школы. В данной же статье, путем углубления в познавательную специфику отдельных, выраженных в поэтической форме терминов, осуществляется попытка отыскать и охарактеризовать этнический характер отдельных терминов этнического порядка. The study of the heroic epic of the Kazakh people has been studied by scholars since the early 20th century. Numerous samples were recorded and later published and became the subject of research. There are 29 variants of the main epic tale of the Kazakh people Koblandy Batyr, which were recorded by famous narrators in different parts of Kazakhstan. This is the only tale published in Russian and studied by the most eminent folklorists such as A. Borovkov, B. Putilov etc. Somewhat earlier representatives of the Kazakh folklore studies were M. Auezov, A. Bukeykhanov, M. Gabdullin, K. Zhumaliev, A. Konratbaev, O. Nurmagambetova, etc., who studied this narrative. On the methodological level, almost all of them were considering the epic from the position of historical school and were developing the problems of historicism and poetics of the epic. The relevance of this work is that for the first time in folklore studies there is an attempt to cover different information of ethnic nature reflected in the heroic epic Koblandy Batyr from the position of ethnic history. The aim of the article is to find points of contact between the ethnic data in the epic and real events of ethnic history of Turkic-speaking tribes. In this context, tasks are set such as defining historical and ethnic epoch of the events of the epic, etymological and semantic analysis of onomastic names – ethnonyms, toponyms and anthroponyms. The essence of many ethnic terms transformed by later narrators of the epic is revealed. The ethnic character of the tale was considered in Soviet times from the perspective of the historical process. Almost all researchers have confined themselves to the question: in what era did these events take place and what kind of clashes between medieval ethnic groups are reflected in the heroic epic? It is clear that these problems were posed within the research methodology of the school of history. In this article, however, by delving into the cognitive specificity of certain terms expressed in poetic form, an attempt is made to find and characterise the ethnic nature of certain terms of ethnic order.

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39

Imreh, Réka. "A modern tudomány előtti és azon kívüli név- és szófejtések alkalmazott vonatkozásai." Névtani Értesítő 41 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2019.3.

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Applied onomastic aspects of name interpretation before or outside modern science The paper reviews the word and name interpretations that existed before and after the emergence of historical-comparative linguistics and that could be found outside and in parallel with it, including classical and medieval etymologization, folk, and contemporary lay etymologies. The research aims to find generalizable features in the sources selected for the purpose of this study in the neglected research field. The first part of the paper explores the reasons for the development of such etymologies at any given time in history, and seeks to define their non-scientific functions in the past and present day. The second part examines the typical methods and directions of these word and name interpretations. The third part focuses on the impacts that etymologies of this category can have on everyday life, human thinking and certain areas of culture. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the potential, possibilities and usefulness of studying etymologies created before or outside modern science as a direction of applied onomastics and folk onomastics.

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Gusarova, Ekaterina V. "Royal Names in Medieval Ethiopia and their Symbolism." Scrinium, April 21, 2021, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18177565-bja10026.

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Abstract Millenarianism, widespread among Christians in general, was also deep-rooted in the flock of the Ethiopian Church. Several ideas of that kind occur in Ethiopic written sources. In particular, they appear in the treatise composed in Gəʿəz language probably around the 16th–17th centuries AD. This work bears a title Fəkkare Iyäsus (“The Explication of Jesus”) and is dedicated to the last days of the World. Eschatological ideas about the appearance of a righteous King from the Orient became popular among the Ethiopian Christians and are well attested in royal chronicles. Chiliastic aspirations were prevalent during the period of political disintegration in the late 18th – mid-19th centuries AD known as the “Epoch of the Judges”. The strong expectation for a graceful and powerful reign encouraged some clergymen to make prophecies. This tendency was manifested in the Ethiopian royal historiography and especially in royal onomastics.

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Szőke, Melinda. "The source value of early charters of uncertain chronological status in historical linguistics and onomastics." Hungarian Studies, February 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/044.2022.00161.

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AbstractThis paper explores the problem of the source value of charters from the point of view of research in linguistic history. Charters written in Latin often contain elements of the vulgar language (in this case, Hungarian). Only four authentic Hungarian charters have survived from the 11th century in their original form. Therefore, we have also included the non-authentic and non-original charters of the 11th century in our research over the recent decades.These charters may contain 4–5 chronological layers, and so our task is to separate them. Charters of uncertain status cannot be analysed using the same methodological principles as the authentic and original charters. This paper discusses the methodological principles that may facilitate the identification of the source value of these charters for historical linguistics. Although these principles are defined based on charters from Hungary, due to their universal nature a significant portion of them may also be used successfully in other regions of medieval European charter research.

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Sagidolda, G., and G. Zhylkybay. "TURKIC LEXICOGRAPHY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND UPCOMING TASKS." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences, July 15, 2020, 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-3.1728-7804.25.

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Since the 50s of the XX century, fundamental research has been published to study the vocabulary, grammatical structure and sound system of modern languages, which are the heirs of the ancient Kipchak language - Kazakh, Karakalpak, Nogai, Bashkir, Tatar, Karaim, Kumuk, Karachay, Balkar, etc. The science of linguistics was formed in each of them. The sound, lexical and grammatical structure of the language system has become an independent form of phonetics, morphology, syntax, lexicology, phraseology, lexicography and other branches, which are subdivided into phonology, morphology, text syntax, terminology, onomastics, historical lexicology, lexicography, etc.). Thus, in the linguistics of a single branch of language, the language of medieval Turkic monuments was studied in terms of its relation to that language. Faced with the problems of linguistic Kipchak studies, the language of works written in the ancient Kipchak literary language in the Middle Ages is divided into today's Kazakh, Karakalpak, Bashkir, Tatar, Nogai, Kumuk, Karachay, Balkar, Kyrgyz and others, obliges to form the basis of comparative-historical lexicology of Kipchak languages, studied at the intersection of "history: language: culture" with each of the dozens of Kipchak languages.

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Chen, Sanping. "On the Goodness Brought by the Ugly Barbarians." Journal of the American Oriental Society 143, no. 2 (June 9, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.7817/jaos.143.2.2023.ar013.

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In early medieval China, the word hu 胡, at the time referring primarily to Iranian-speaking Central Asians, came to be used in a large group of personal names whose bearers ranged from ordinary people to a member of the Tang royal family. This paper examines the true meaning of these personal names, which has neither been recorded in known primary sources nor been explained in any dictionary, ancient or modern. Using both Sinitic and Iranian onomastic data, these names are shown to be part of the Iranization of Chinese nomenclature. They showcase the breadth and depth of the pre-Islamic Iranian cultural influence in medieval China.

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Busset, Anouk, and Sofia Evemalm-Graham. "Places of Belief in Medieval Glen Lyon and Beyond: Onomastic and Archaeological Perspectives." Journal of Scottish Name Studies 14, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/jsns.014.01.04.

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Stiehler-Alegría, G. "Hatte die zootherapie ägyptischer und babylonischer pharmakopoen einfluss auf die dreck-apotheke des 17. Jahrhunderts?" ISIMU 10 (February 11, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/isimu2007.10.011.

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La nomenclatura escatológica en las farmacopeas egipcias y mesopotámicas: ¿se trata en efecto de presuntos nombres secretos dados a las plantas medicinales para retener el saber en un grupo de iniciados? ¿Fue el uso excesivo de excrementos animales y humanos en los remedios hasta el siglo XVIII el resultado de una falsa interpretación de los textos mesopotámicos y egipcios? ¿Contaminaron conceptos esotéricos de orígenes antiguos la `materia médica´ en la era medieval y posteriormente la `Dreck-Apotheke´ en el siglo XVII, de tal forma que se tomaron por auténticos los ingredientes?. Se puede observar que durante siglos las farmacopeas tenían por costumbre usar métodos diferentes. Cuando la nomenclatura toma como referencia elementos animales como, por ejemplo, cabeza de víbora o lengua de perro, se entienden generalmente como nombres de plantas con denominación hermenéutica. Tratándose de secreciones, sin embargo, se puede valorar tanto lo uno como lo otro, es decir, el uso de elementos escatológicos o bien el de nombres secretos. Pero cuando las heces, animales o humanas, aparecen recomendadas en las fuentes egipcias, como el `Papyrus Hearst´, son interpretadas literalmente. Y la misma aserción se puede hacer sobre los textos mesopotámicos. Las `Faeces´ o heces fueron consideradas como una materia especial. Por el contrario, el `fimus´ o estiércol fue enmascarado con un sinónimo vegetal en épocas posteriores. Los ingredientes escatológicos del `Parnassus illustratus medicinalis´ y la `Dreck- Apotheke´ dependen tanto de las ideas propias de sus autores como de la escuela hermética de Alejandría.Palabras clave: Animalia, arcana, antiguas farmacopeas, Decknamen, Dreck-Apotheke, Corpus hermeticum, escatología, escrementos, fimus, hermetismus, nomenclatura secreta, paranomasia, Papyrus Ebers, Papyrus Hearst, Papyrus Leiden V, Papyrus Ramesseum IV, sinónimos, URU.AN.NA, nomenclatura zoológica, zooterapia. Abstract:Was it a misunderstanding of the ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian secret names which led to the excessive use of animal and human excrements in the medical treatment until the 18th century? Was the function of fimus and emetic substances originally only to disguise the authentic name of the plant responsible and retain the knowledge within a small group of adepts? Did esoteric conceptions of antique sources contaminate the `materia medica´ of the 17th century `Dreck-Apotheke´ in the sense that all the given ingredients were taken for true? One can assert that over the centuries, pharmacopoeias have examples of different methods. When nomenclature takes animal references such as snake’s head or dog’s tongue, which generally refer to a plant, it was a secret name. If secretions and excretions are cited the case is more ambivalent and stercoraria might have been used. But, if dung or faeces of animals and humans beings were recommended in Egyptian sources like the `Papyrus Hearst´, it was meant literally. The same can be said for for Mesopotamian texts. Faeces were regarded as a special agent. On the contrary, it is known that fimus was disguised by the use of plant names in other times. The stercoral ingredients of `Parnassus illustratus medicinalis´ and the `Dreck-Apotheke´ depended on both the own ideas of their authors and those of Alexandrian scholars of hermetism.Keywords: Animalia, arcana, ancient pharmacopoes, Decknamen, Dreck-Apotheke, Corpus hermeticum, excrements, fimus, hermetismus, paranomasia, Papyrus Ebers, Papyrus Hearst, Papyrus Leiden V, Papyrus Ramesseum IV, secret names, stercoralia, synonyms/sinonimas, URU.AN.NA, zoophoric onomastics, zootherapy.

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Cristelli, Stefano, and Mario Wild. "Il volgare trentino in una tariffa rivana del 1409." Quaderni Veneti, no. 1 (February 17, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/qv/1724-188x/2020/01/001.

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This article analyses the language of an early fifteenth-century manuscript concerning the muta (excise taxes) of Riva del Garda (Trentino, Italy). The linguistic interest of said document, written mainly in Latin, lies in the number of vernacular terms and their nature (mostly mercantile goods). The authors provide a partial edition of the source, which includes also a series of business notes, a linguistic analysis, a glossary and onomastic indices. In order to better characterise the document’s linguistic phenomenology comparisons are drawn with other Northern Italian Vernaculars (such as Veronese and Bresciano) and with the few known texts from medieval Trentino.

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Bölcskei, Andrea. "Az egyház mint egykori birtokos a magyar helynevekben." Névtani Értesítő 41 (March 21, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2019.10.

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Hungarian place names reflecting former ecclesiastical possession. Summary of a habilitation dissertation The dissertation discusses the linguistic and onomastic features of a culturally motivated name type, i.e. place names reflecting (former) ecclesiastical possession. With the advent and spread of Christianity in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, buildings and estates belonging to the Church were erected and named accordingly. Many such place names have been preserved to the present day and new ones could also emerge based on analogy. The first chapter of the thesis describes how the changes in the geographical landscape influenced the contemporary linguistic landscape and, eventually, the place naming patterns of the language. Chapter Two focuses on the historical background: how the church system and the institutions of the monastic orders were established in Medieval Hungary and sustained in later centuries. Chapter Three enumerates the sources from which the relevant place names were gathered and explains the setup of the database that served as a basis of the analysis. Chapter Four provides a comprehensive description of the collected name forms with respect to lexical, morphological, syntactic, motivational and denotative features, according to the classical periods in the history of the Hungarian language. Chapter Five discovers the trends in the development of the name forms concerning time, space and use. The dissertation adopts the viewpoint and ideas popularized in place name studies by functional cognitive linguistics.

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Wasserstein, David J. "Lāwī b. Ismāʿīl b. Rabīʿ b. Sulaymān: An Unnoticed Jewish Convert to Islam in Fifth/Eleventh Century Al-Andalus". Der Islam 91, № 2 (1 січня 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/islam-2014-0014.

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All Muslims have non-Muslim ancestors, in the Middle Ages often very few generations back in their genealogies. Despite its central importance for the formation of all Islamic societies, conversion to Islam is difficult to study. The principal reason is a lack of source material because few converts wished to advertise a non-Islamic background, together with the difficulty in recognizing and studying the sources that we have. Here a probable convert to Islam in North Africa or al-Andalus of the fifth/eleventh century is identified, using entries in the medieval Arabic biographical dictionaries. The identification is based on the man’s name and genealogy, whose elements are deconstructed and studied in the context of Arabic-Islamic onomastic behavior and of the character of the names it contains. Lāwī b. Ismāʿīl b. Rabīʿ b. Sulaymān was probably of Jewish background. Both the material and the methodology offer possible new ways to study this important process.

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Kimmel, Joseph. "Agentive Names and Posthuman Ontologies: Onomastic Invocations of the “More-than-Human” in Early Christian and Medieval Tibetan Artifacts." Journal of the American Academy of Religion, January 16, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfad083.

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Abstract In recent years, posthumanist arguments regarding ontology and agency have played a significant role in reshaping the contours of the so-called humanities. Whereas this reshaping has focused heavily on the impact of technology (e.g., artificial intelligence) on the meaning of “being human,” as well as on the agency of nonhuman others (e.g., nonhuman animals), typically invisible beings (e.g., gods, spirits) have received significantly less attention. This article addresses this lacuna through a close and comparative study of the role of the invocation of particular divine names in the canonical Acts of the Apostles and a tenth-century Tibetan spellbook. After examining how each text presents the onomastic invocation of divinities as an efficacious method, under certain conditions, for accomplishing particular goals, this article elucidates how such texts both challenge posthumanist thinkers to articulate much more robust accounts of agency and ontology while also providing a means of doing so.

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Kuzmin, Denis. "From the Middle Ages to modern times: the Karelian female name system." Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 2018, no. 64 (December 31, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.33339/fuf.66558.

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This paper offers an analysis of the system of female names used among the Karelian population. In addition to the analysis of the forms of Christian names used in the past and present in the territory populated by ethnic Karelians in the Republic of Karelia, as well as in Finland and the Tver and Leningrad Regions, an attempt is made to reconstruct the pre-Christian female name system of Medieval Korela. An important observation is that, as opposed to pre-Christian male names, which can be uncovered not only in documents but also in Karelian surnames and toponymy, there are no documented traces of female pre-Christian names from the Karelian population. At present, the main source of knowledge about Finnic pagan female names is, admittedly, oral folk poetry. The author, however, believes that there is another important source of information in addition to folklore, i.e. cow names, which can potentially offer quite a bit of data about the pre-Christian female name system of the Medieval Karelians. The pre-Christian system of female names began to gradually vanish from the Karelian land as Orthodoxy took over. After the baptizing event in 1227, the introduction of the Russian Orthodox onomasticon into the Karelian milieu led to the emergence of multiple vernacular variants. To account for these, the author analyzes the main patterns in the phonetic adaptation of Russian-language forms of female names in the Karelian language.

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