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1
Ruziyev, Khoshim, and Khamza Bobomurotov. "Scientific research of urban-planning traditions of the medieval Bukhara." E3S Web of Conferences 548 (2024): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454801004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article covers the main urban-planning and architectural activities of the urban-planning traditions of medieval Bukhara, the stages of their formation and evolution from antiquity to the XX century. The characteristics of architecture and urban planning that constitute the processes of the emergence and development of the first cities are considered. Typological features and stages of development of the city of medieval Bukhara, proposals for changing the city are presented. The practical significance of the research results, the developed design solutions for the preservation, reconstruction and modernization of historical cities and the improvement of the processes of modern interpretation of areas are stated. Such methods of scientific research as historicity, substantiation of source study, scientific comparative analysis of archival materials, chronological-systematic analysis, scientific approach to the problem have been implemented in work. Based on available archaeological, written, historical, scientific and archival materials, as well as systematization of information about the city of Bukhara, the first urbanization processes and the first model of the city have been identified.
2
FERRAGUD, CARMEL, and JUAN VICENTE GARCÍA MARSILLA. "The great fire of medieval Valencia (1447)." Urban History 43, no. 4 (August 7, 2015): 500–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926815000619.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT:In March 1447, a great fire broke out in Valencia, caused by a former member of the municipal government. This fire destroyed many houses and craft workshops around the Market Square, the economic centre of the city. The municipal government had to compensate the citizens, who had lost everything, and restore everyday life in the area. A versatile Italian watchmaker living in Valencia was chosen to supervise the rehabilitation of the area. Under his direction, the debris was removed. Then after a conscious campaign of urban planning aimed at eliminating any traces of the old Islamic city, the streets were reconstructed according to the norms of the western city.
3
Giannakopoulos, Dimitris, Zografia Karekou, Elli Menegaki, Elisavet Tsilimantou, Charalabos Ioannidis, Eleni Maistrou, Antonios Giannikouris, and Antonia Moropoulou. "Reuse of Historic Buildings in the Medieval City of Rhodes to Comply with the Needs of Sustainable Urban Development." Land 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081214.
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This paper illustrates a study for the reuse of selected historic buildings in the Medieval City of Rhodes in Greece. This study contributes to the understanding and interpretation of the chronological sequence of major intervention programs for the preservation of the Medieval City. The main idea of the project is the spatial distribution of compatible and various uses to reveal the unique character of the Medieval City. Spatial planning is proposed within the preserved urban zones in order to optimize and harmonize the selected uses according to the needs of sustainable urban development. Criteria to assess the compatible uses that ensure the features and architectural characteristics of the preselected historic buildings, located within the city fabric, were established and validated. The developed methodology that is presented herein and is an indispensable part of a pilot project may be applicable to other cases concerning historic cities. Finally, this paper aims to present a pilot program which promotes the reuse of historic buildings as a part of an integrated preservation plan. Inter-disciplinarity has set the basis for effective policies to guide and control the proposed pilot program, with ultimate objective to ensure sustainable preservation of the Medieval City of Rhodes.
4
Hodges, Richard. "A ‘god-guarded’ city? The ‘new’ medieval town of Butrint." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 39, no. 2 (2015): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307013100015342.
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This essay describes the archaeology of the revival in the later tenth- to eleventh-century of the town of Butrint, ancient Buthrotum in south-west Albania. Based on the extensive excavations by the Butrint Foundation, all the elements (fortifications, town-planning, roads, property boundaries, dwellings, churches, wells) of a new urban centre are considered, as is its economy and its wider historical context in the southern Adriatic Sea.
5
Sterner, Carl S. "Waste and City Form: Reconsidering the Medieval Strategy." Journal of Green Building 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2008): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.3.3.67.
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This paper argues that “new” sustainable technologies being used to manage human waste—composting toilets, bioremediation, and biodigestion—are essentially reviving the medieval strategy of waste management: containment and reuse of waste, as opposed to the modern strategy of dilution and evacuation. This debate should not occur in a vacuum, uninformed by the motivations for, and history of, the development of the modern system. Therefore, this paper more closely examines the medieval system, which closely linked waste and agricultural production. It then considers the transformation to the modern system, using the design of Leonardo da Vinci's city of Romorantin as a case study. It is argued that this transformation was largely predicated on now-delegitimized miasmic theory, which held foul or corrupt air to be the cause of disease, and that it precipitated larger changes in the urban environment. In light of this historical view it is suggested that contemporary sustainable technologies imply larger changes in the form of human settlement, and that the nature of these changes must be explored further.
6
Lilley, Keith D. "Mapping Cosmopolis: Moral Topographies of the Medieval City." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 22, no. 5 (October 2004): 681–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d276t.
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7
Hagen, Joshua. "City and Cosmos: The Medieval World in Urban Form." Journal of Historical Geography 36, no. 2 (April 2010): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2010.02.014.
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8
Baker, Nigel, Hal Dalwood, Richard Holt, Charles Mundy, and Gary Taylor. "From Roman to medieval Worcester: development and planning in the Anglo-Saxon city." Antiquity 66, no. 250 (March 1992): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00081047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The modern plan of the west Midlands city of Worcester, like so many in England, hides a series of ancient towns under the standing streets. Archaeological and historical exploration, and the old topography that shows itself in modern plots and street lines, make possible the recovery of the early pattern.
9
Khadke, Shivani, and Mona Iyer. "‘Nehers’ of Aurangabad: Medieval Water Planning, Current Use and Challenges." Journal of Heritage Management 4, no. 2 (December 2019): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455929619890507.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Traditional water systems as a water management practice in today’s context are overridden by various factors and are struggling to be a functional part of the city. These systems now demand regeneration regarding their history, cultural and traditional practices, and the indigenous geographical conditions of the area. This research documents and investigates the struggles of one of the partially functional traditional water system in Aurangabad, locally known as ‘Neher’ system. It was observed that this Neher system in Aurangabad, constructed in the 16th century, is still a viable water supply method for few agricultural and domestic uses with enormous heritage and cultural values attached to the system. This paralyzed yet functional Neher system calls for protection and conservation as indigenous water heritage and, simultaneously, as a sustainable source of supplying water.
10
Wild, Moritz. "Der Wettbewerb für den Wiederaufbau Am Steintor in Goch am Niederrhein." Architectura 47, no. 1-2 (July 24, 2019): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atc-2017-0009.
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AbstractIn the reconstruction of German cities after the Second World War, public administrations attempted to find solutions for essential urban situations through targeted competitions. In the city of Goch on the Lower Rhine the area around the medieval Steintor (Stone Gate) had to be adapted to modern traffic requirements. In the course of the urban planning the private interests of the residents who were willing to build up clashed with the planned construction as a concern of the common good, which was represented by the district government of Düsseldorf. The solution was to be found through an urban design competition among selected experts, from whose proposals the City Planning Office drew up an alignment plan. The exemplary recapitulation of this urban planning process illustrates aspects of the history of planning, monument preservation and reconstruction competitions
11
Buffa, Ester. "Manual for integral planning of university campus." Sociology International Journal 2, no. 6 (December 20, 2018): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/sij.2018.02.00110.
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This paper aims to analyze the Manual for Integral Planning of University Campus, written by Rudolph Atcon and published by the Council of Rectors of Brazilian Universities (CRUB) in 1970. It is part of a research project sponsored by CNPq, called “Architecture, urbanism and education: Brazilian university campuses”, which was coordinated by Gelson de Almeida Pinto, architect and university professor (EESC/USP), and supported by Ester Buffa, Education historian and university professor (UFSCar). This research focuses on the establishing of the first universities in the medieval Europe, in countries such as France, Italy and England. After, it shows how universities introduced the concept of University City or university campus, it means, a special city located in the country. This idea came to Brazil in the 60’s and it has influenced the planning of Brazilian universities since then. In this way, this paper relates the higher education policies, conceptions, models and theirs functions to the planning of physical space for a campus settling, that involves questions concerning architecture and urbanism.
12
LIDDY, CHRISTIAN, PAUL ELLIOTT, and LOUISE MISKELL. "Review of periodical articles." Urban History 38, no. 1 (April 5, 2011): 150–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926811000095.
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This year's publications address seven broad themes: urban growth and migration; the social structure of late medieval towns; women and gender; political communication and the circulation of news; the church in the city; urban decline; and writing about the city.
13
Jacobs, Steven, and Bruno Notteboom. "Photography and the Spatial Transformations of Ghent, 1840-1914." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 2 (February 10, 2016): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144216629969.
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During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the photographic visualization of the Belgian city of Ghent is closely connected to its urban planning. On one hand, the city is transformed according to the logics of industrial modernization with its functional and spatial zoning. On the other hand, the city’s historical heritage is rediscovered and many medieval buildings were preserved and restored. The planning history of Ghent is usually described in two stages: first, the “Haussmannization” of the city, the creation of boulevards and vistas according to the model of Brussels and Paris, and second, the return to regionalism and a picturesque sensibility during the preparation of the 1913 World’s Fair. The photographic representation of the city seems to mirror this evolution, exchanging the image of the city as a series of isolated monuments for a more sensory and immersive experience. However, a close look at a broad range of images produced by both foreign and local photographers allows us to nuance this assumption. Particularly, the work of Edmond Sacré, who photographed Ghent over half a century, combines a “topographical” and a “picturesque” sensibility.
14
HAEMERS, JELLE, and WOUTER RYCKBOSCH. "A targeted public: public services in fifteenth-century Ghent and Bruges." Urban History 37, no. 2 (July 6, 2010): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926810000295.
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ABSTRACT:Though the phrase ‘public services’ is a nineteenth-century invention, which was supported by a developed rhetoric of political economy, this article shows that the concept, practice and supply of such services could also be found in the medieval city. It specifically analyses three areas of urban service provision: jurisprudence and legal security, infrastructure and finally health care and poor relief. Although the available sources tend to stress the involvement of municipal authorities in providing public services, it turns out that in fact the furnishing of services was highly multi-layered. In all three areas studied, a wide range of public and private institutions offered services to specific groups within late medieval urban society. In contrast to what the notion of ‘public services’ lets us presume, however, public services in the medieval city were not available to all inhabitants. Instead, the provision of services was usually quite restrictive, and targeted particular groups in society.
15
Selim, Gehan, Mohamed Gamal Abdelmonem, Sabah Mushatat, and Abdulaziz Almogren. "CONTESTED HERITAGE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL TRANSFORMATION OF DERRY/LONDONDERRY’S SIEGE MONUMENT." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 11, no. 3 (November 22, 2017): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i3.1407.
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Transformations of Derry/Londonderry’s medieval city walls during the twentieth century have shaped an urbanism of segregated settlements within a city of religious confrontation. The heritage of military blockades, peace lines and watchtowers imposed upon the city’s Walls has influenced the disintegration of public space and created areas of no man’s land around the peripheries of the monument. The aim of this paper is to examine physical transformation and trace the consequences of urban planning regarding the historic city Walls. This change includes the shifting of residential settlements in the Bogside/Fountain areas and the movement of Protestant settlements towards the Waterside of Derry/Londonderry. The history and heritage of the Walls are analysed by focusing on four periods: 1600, when the first medieval walls were constructed; the housing crisis of 1948; the 1968 urban area plan and the beginning of the ‘Troubles’; and the present day. This analysis offers an understanding of the spatial relationships between enclaves and the monument over key moments of conflict and political change. The paper reveals that the manifestations of the Walls have aided in the further division of religiously segregated communities in Derry/Londonderry.
16
Duddy (OFM), Cathal. "The western suburb of medieval Dublin: Its first century." Irish Geography 34, no. 2 (December 23, 2014): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.2001.297.
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Situated to the west of the walled city, the western suburb of medieval Dublin was in its embryonic stages of development during the last decades of the twelfth and throughout the thirteenth century. The first signs of westward expansion were the laying out of burgage plots in the area immediately outside the western mural-gate, a response to growing pressure on space within the walled city. This new portal suburb experienced subdivision of plots soon afterwards. In contrast to the organic or piecemeal development of the portal suburb close to the city walls, an altogether more deliberate, systematic rural-to-urban colonization was envisioned for the whole western area perhaps as far as Kilmainham. The first move toward this planned development of a western suburb was to found St Thomas's Priory in this western area in 1177. Development was characterised by the granting of long narrow burgage plots on both sides of the central artery that ran westwards through the western area forming a linear suburb, the creation of parishes encompassing the newly laid-out plots and the appearance of urban traders who held these plots. Using a primary documentary source, the paper outlines the layout and character of the western suburb in this early developmental stage, and attempts to clarify the role of St Thomas' in this development.
17
Simms, Anngret. "Medieval Dublin: A topographical analysis." Irish Geography 12, no. 1 (December 26, 2016): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1979.807.
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This paper deals with the topography of medieval Dublin by carrying out a town‐plan analysis of John Rocque's Exact survey of the city and suburbs of Dublin in 1756. The complex structure of the town‐plan reflects the different growth‐phases. They include the monastic settlement of the Early Christian period, the pre‐urban nucleus consisting of the first Viking encampment on the ridge at the confluence of the Liffey and the Poddle, the expansion of the enclosed space in the Hiberno‐Norse period, and the renewed growth after the Anglo‐Norman conquest which led to the reclamation of land in the estuary of the Liffey. Contemporary documentary source‐material has been used for the explanation of the processes which shaped the topographical features. The case‐study is preceded by a short discussion of the importance of medieval Dublin for the study of urban origins in Europe.
18
Lytvynchuk, Illia. "HISTORICAL AND URBAN RESEARCH OF DEFENSE COMPLEXES OF VINNITSA OF RUS’-LITHUANIAN ERA (14th-16th CENTURIES)." Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications 14, no. 2021 (2021): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2020.14.074.
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In this article for the first time the methods of the complex historical and town-planning analysis of urban defense complexes of the city of Vinnytsia formed during the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is applied. The author compares chronicle and act sources, historical cartography and the results of modern field research to establish the location of ancient castle and urban fortifications. The thesis about the formation of the primary urban structure of Vinnytsia during the Lithuanian era according to the principles of urban planning on Rus’ law is proved. Two stages of town-planning development of defense complexes of the city of Vinnytsia are singled out. The first stage is dated to the late 15th middle 16th century. At this time, a castle appears on the basis of a probable ancient Rus’ settlement on Castle Hill in the Old Town area. Next to it, but at a distance, the city center is being built - a fortified post. Planning relics of the ancient city center could be read now. The topological unity of Vinnytsia city center planning with the cities of the medieval Romanesque and Old Rus’ tradition in the cities of Western Europe and Ukraine has been established by means of comparative analysis. Reconstruction of the view of Vinnytsia Castle on Castle Hill at the beginning of 16th century according to the lustrations of 1545 and 1552. The second period is associated with the construction of a new castle until 1558 on the opposite (right) bank of the Southern Bug and the development of a new middletown near castle. At this time, the Ukrainian lands are still dominated by the same principles of urban planning that existed during the construction of the Old Town. Therefore, the outline of the city fortifications, the market square and the parcelling of the New Vinnytsia city are similar to those in the Old City. Instead, the castle is already merging with the city's fortifications into a single system, which allows us to talk about a holistic urban defense complex.
19
Keene, Derek. "Issues of water in medieval London to c. 1300." Urban History 28, no. 2 (August 2001): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926801002012.
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Water was essential to the commerce, sustenance and cleansing of medieval London and its inhabitants. The paper reviews technologies of supply, access and control, and the uses and risks associated with water during the city's formative period. It surveys the pleasures of water around the city, the paradoxes they involved, and the public supply as an expression of a growing civic culture. It emphasizes the interaction between natural environment, technology and institutions as a fruitful theme for medieval urban history.
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Rezvani-Naraghi, Ashkan, and Farshad Amiraslani. "A medieval discourse and a modern city: the politics of capital relocation in Iran." GeoJournal 85, no. 6 (July 23, 2019): 1663–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10054-w.
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21
SCHILLING, HEINZ. "Calvinist and Catholic cities – urban architecture and ritual in confessional Europe." European Review 12, no. 3 (July 2004): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798704000286.
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Urban history, at least in Germany, has mainly concentrated on the Medieval and Reformation cities on the one hand and Industrial and Contemporary cities on the other. However, recent debates among Early Modernists have produced the view that ‘confessionalization’, that is the formation of three or four modern church systems based on specific confessions of faith, was one of the most influential factors in producing the fundamental changes that occurred between 1550 and 1650 in Europe. This had a huge effect on the cities of Europe and their inhabitants. This paper compares Catholic and Protestant cities in Europe around 1600 with regard to their specific architecture and their religious and civic rituals. Rites and other religious functions or institutions have always been an important part of urban life. Lewis Mumford refers to religious funeral rites in his magisterial analysis of urban life in a universal perspective: ‘The city of the dead antedates the city of the living. In one sense, indeed the city of the dead is the forerunner, almost the core, of every living city.’ In Europe, the relationship between the Church and the towns or cities was especially close and, in a sense, fundamental because of the medieval history of the European towns and the structure and profile of pre-modern European societies in general. We start with a brief overview of these preconditions for urban life during Europe's confessional period, and then go on to take a closer look at the confessional city itself.
22
Kyurebekova, Madina. "Water facilities in the architectural and socio-cultural space of the city (on the example of medieval Derbent)." Smart composite in construction 5, no. 2 (June 5, 2024): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52957/2782-1919-2024-5-2-76-87.
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Derbent is the southernmost and the most ancient city of Russia. Extensive archaeological studies confirm the 5,000-year history of the city, which has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2003. Being an ‘open-air museum’, it has many architectural objects that have not yet been fully explored. The article analyses historical and cultural sources. These sources confirm that water objects are a city-forming factor that determined the organisational development and architecture of the city. The purpose of the paper is to analyse the objects related to water resources of medieval Derbent and to identify their significance in relation to the organisation of socio-cultural space. The author pays much attention to the description of urban water bodies that have survived to the present day. The water facilities examined show that the architectural style and materials used for construction created a unified urban environment and were part of the organisational planning of the city's development.
23
Liddy, Christian D. "Family, lineage and dynasty in the late medieval city: re-thinking the English evidence." Urban History 47, no. 4 (September 2, 2019): 648–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926819000671.
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AbstractEver since the publication in 1948 of Sylvia Thrupp's seminal book, The Merchant Class of Medieval London, successive generations of historians of English cities have advanced two central claims about the distinctiveness of the English urban landscape. First, ‘urban dynasties’ in late medieval England very rarely survived beyond two or three generations. Secondly, their weakness was a ‘peculiarly English’ phenomenon and a fundamental difference between English and continental towns. The article explores the historiographical significance of this thesis, the strength of which rests upon its explanatory role within a much wider narrative of English exceptionalism. It argues that the thesis has implications for the study of cities in continental Europe and, finally, it suggests that the English evidence might reveal a much more interesting picture of elite reproduction, when we think more critically and comparatively about how urban elites conceptualized ‘lineage’.
24
Thakur, Renu. "Segregation of artisans in early medieval India: Mohammad Habib's thesis reconsidered." Urban History 24, no. 2 (August 1997): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800016369.
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ABSTRACTThe view propounded vigorously by Mohammad Habib that workers, artisans and craftsmen were not allowed to live within the city walls prior to the establishment of Turkish rule in India is examined. On the basis of primary archaeological sources, especially excavation reports and epigraphic data, this paper argues that diverse occupational groups, whose services were essential for the growth and development of towns, lived within the city precincts. Manufacturers and merchants both worked and lived together in the same town. The segregation theory, therefore, is rejected.
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Belamarić, Josip. "Kuća u Splitskom statutu – građenje, održavanje, rušenje." Ars Adriatica, no. 5 (January 1, 2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.517.
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t can be said that the town statute of Split and the stipulations concerning the everyday life in this medieval town are not characterized by the aim to create an ideal city and, in this, they are far from the long-range urban planning contained in the statute of Dubrovnik. The fact that less than five per cent of the stipulations in the statute of Split relate to urban planning ought to be understood as indicatingthat the town, set in Diocletian’s Palace and determined by its structures, had already been defined to a large extent and that it functioned well and fulfilled the needs of its inhabitants. Thirty chapters of the statute deal with different aspects of the development of medieval Split and its everyday maintenance. This article focuses on the relationship between the local government and private property, that is, with the cases of private spaces being transformed into public spaces and the ‘ritualistic erasures’, that is, the demolition of houses whose owners committed treason and broke the law. This phenomenon of demolition as setting example was not limited to medieval Split but was recorded in other Dalmatian communes (in Omiš and Dubrovnik as late as the eighteenth century) and this discussion of it is based on the examination of a wider set of primary sources.
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Belamarić, Josip. "Kuća u Splitskom statutu – građenje, održavanje, rušenje." Ars Adriatica, no. 5 (January 1, 2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.928.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It can be said that the town statute of Split and the stipulations concerning the everyday life in this medieval town are not characterized by the aim to create an ideal city and, in this, they are far from the long-range urban planning contained in the statute of Dubrovnik. The fact that less than five per cent of the stipulations in the statute of Split relate to urban planning ought to be understood as indicating that the town, set in Diocletian’s Palace and determined by its structures, had already been defined to a large extent and that it functioned well and fulfilled the needs of its inhabitants. Thirty chapters of the statute deal with different aspects of the development of medieval Split and its everyday maintenance. This article focuses on the relationship between the local government and private property, that is, with the cases of private spaces being transformed into public spaces and the ‘ritualistic erasures’, that is, the demolition of houses whose owners committed treason and broke the law. This phenomenon of demolition as setting example was not limited to medieval Split but was recorded in other Dalmatian communes (in Omiš and Dubrovnik as late as the eighteenth century) and this discussion of it is based on the examination of a wider set of primary sources.
27
Sadowski, Łukasz Mikołaj, and Aleksandra Sumorok. "Contemporary revitalization of public spaces in Łódź. The role of squares, streets and courtyards in creating the genius loci based on the historical heritage." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 16 (December 16, 2023): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.3616.
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Despite its medieval origins (1423), the city of Łódź is young. It flourished as an important industrial center in the nineteenth century, becoming the second largest city in Poland in the twentieth. Its “American” plan with one main street and districts developing around factories is unusual in Poland and leaves little room for city squares and public space. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, Łódź has been trying to create more shared areas because they underwent far-reaching degradation after the transformatio of 1989 and the economic crisis of the 1990s. Nowadays, however, these areas are being revitalized. There are many competitions and projects concerning both the rehabilitation of existing city squares and the creation of new ones. However, the term “city square” has largely lost its original, traditional meaning, with “square” now covering a variety of open spaces, ranging from pedestrian streets to courtyards. The article discusses selected examples of municipal and private investments in squares, streets and parks. Despite the positive reception of these urban changes, the “renewal” of the city is criticized by specialists and considered controversial.The article attempts to analyze these solutions in terms of urban planning as well as urban landscape and ecology, also venturing to gauge whether such solutions can be considered modern and adequate to the requirements of twenty-first-century urban planning.
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De Courcy, John W. "Bluffs, Bays and Pools in the medieval Liffey at Dublin." Irish Geography 33, no. 1 (December 23, 2014): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.2000.308.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The course of the river Liffey in Dublin city is not straight. Between Mellowes (Queen Maeve) Bridge and East Link Bridge there are two deviations: one to the north and one to the south. This paper examines these deviations and seeks their origin in the bluffs, bays and pools of the river in medieval times. Locations are suggested for these features.
29
Vitullo, Anita. "People Tied to Place: Strengthening Cultural Identity in Hebron's Old City." Journal of Palestine Studies 33, no. 1 (2003): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2003.33.1.68.
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Following the Oslo accords, the Old City of Hebron, one of the best preserved examples of medieval cities in the world but progressively abandoned since the 1967 occupation, became the object of an ambitious Palestinian rehabilitation project, which received international recognition with a 1998 Aga Khan architectural award. This report details the project and the strategy to repopulate the Old City against the background of Hebron's ancient and recent history, including the impact of Israeli policies and settler violence. Israeli measures in the wake of the second intifada have posed unprecedented challenges, which the ongoing project's planners struggle to meet.
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Bevz, Volodymyr, and Mykola Bevz. "HYPOTHETICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANNING STRUCTURE AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE HIGH DEFENSIVE WALL OF THE MIDTOWN OF LVIV FOR THE 13th-14th CENTURY." Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications 2023, no. 19 (2023): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2023.19.153.
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Lviv is one of the cities in Ukraine that had a highly developed system of medieval fortifications. This system of fortifications was built in the XIII-XIV centuries, modernized many times and served until the 18th century. However, today in Lviv, only small remains of the medieval fortifications of the city center have been preserved in the form of architectural objects - several fragments of the defensive wall and only one defensive tower, which was rebuilt into a tower in the 16th century. These preserved objects belong to the so-called High defensive wall. These are: a fragment of the lower part of the defensive wall on 16 Svobody Avenue, a fragment of the wall and the Povoroznyk tower (connected to the building of the City Arsenal), a fragment of the wall on the Pidvalna Street (to the Royal Arsenal is attached), a fragment of the wall and the remains of the corner Rymarska tower, the remains of the foundations of the corner Shevska tower, a preserved and superimposed fragment of the wall near the Vienna coffee house (12 Svobody avenue), the remains of the wall in the basements of the building on 9 Mickiewicz Square. The rest of the remains of the High Wall are underground in the state of archaeological objects. These unique objects of military construction are not registered as architectural monuments. Also, they are not listed as monuments of archeology. Every fragment of city defense fortifications preserved today is, as a rule, a valuable document of its era and requires careful protection and preservation. Therefore, the study of the architecture of the medieval defense complex of the Lviv city center, which was created before the appearance of firearms, is important both for the history of the city and for the history and theory of domestic military architecture. This paper presents an analysis of the first stage of the construction of the High Defense Wall around the Lviv midtown and presents a hypothesis regarding its architectural solution. Special attention is paid to the issue of the planning structure of the fortified belt. The hypothesis that initially the defensive contour of the High Wall had a rounded shape has been substantiated. The argumentation about the towerless nature of the defensive belt at the first stage of the development of its fortifications is presented. There were two gates at the first stage of the construction of fortifications, which were called Tatarska and Halytska. The architectural solution of the gates was specific. The gate was formed by two towers (semicircular in plan). The gate-entrance with drawbridge was located between two high towers. At the second stage of development, the defensive High Wall was modernized, raised and a number of defensive towers were built. At the third stage, the planning scheme of the fortified belt changes. The line of the High Wall in the eastern span acquires a rectangular character with outward-projecting towers and corner towers.
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Salimov, Aleksey M., and Marina A. Salimova. "Semicircular square in Tver as a specimen of evolution of the volume and space composition of Catherine the Great`s time." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 62 (2021): 273–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-62-273-296.
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The present paper considers on the basis of numeral sources an architectural ensemble of one of the main squares of the central part of Tver. Organized in 1760-es it is a bright example of medieval city planning structure transformation on the ground of “regular” town-planning principles laid into the background of many Russian cities’ reformation in the times of Catherine the Second. In this respect Tver was actually a pioneer for it became the first city after Saint Petersburg where new planning standards were approbated. After a period of a relative calm in the renewal of city constructions, the Semicircular Square had gradually started to change its image since 1840-es. An increase of storeys’ number of the buildings situated there had started since the late of the 19th century, and this process didn’t stop until the middle of the 20th century. This process ran parallel to the modification of stylistics of all the constructions of the square. Along with this process new architectural and decorative forms not all the time were used in the original buildings because some constructions of the times of Catherine the Great gave place to buildings of later time. But in spite of such cardinal changes in architectural image of the square buildings the town-planning significance of this ensemble still remains rather relevant one in the context of historical centre of the capital of the Upper Volga region.
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Shehata, Ahmed Mohamed. "Current Trends in Urban Heritage Conservation: Medieval Historic Arab City Centers." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020607.
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Traditional conservation efforts did not improve the conditions in most historic urban centers of Arab cities. The internationally adopted shift in historic urban conservation grants better urban vitality and sustainability for these areas. This study investigates the existing trends and forthcoming changes in urban conservation and their implication on historical centers. Urban Heritage Conservation UHC trends were reviewed, conservation parameters were defined, and quality aspects of successful historic urban conservation were identified, and an assessment framework was developed to evaluate the resulting conserved urban heritage. Two case studies of Arab cities, Jeddah and Aman, were analyzed. The findings highlight the most common urban issues such as reusing historic buildings, traffic congestion, and lack of funds. The impact of urban management on historic areas’ quality was revealed. Moreover, the paper ends with recommendations for conservation authorities. These include engaging residents in the conservation efforts, adopting more innovative traffic solutions to ease congestions, turning the historic area into a pedestrian-friendly space, attracting visitors through arranging cultural events, creating new job opportunities through heritage, and improving the image of the areas through urban regulations. The paper’s findings would contribute to the knowledge related to Urban Heritage Conservation (UHC), and its recommendations would help practitioners and decision-makers.
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GELTNER, G. "Healthscaping a medieval city: Lucca'sCuria viarumand the future of public health history." Urban History 40, no. 3 (March 26, 2013): 395–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926813000321.
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ABSTRACT:In early fourteenth-century Lucca, one government organ began expanding its activities beyond the maintenance of public works to promoting public hygiene and safety, and in ways that suggest both a concern for and an appreciation of population-level preventative healthcare. Evidence for this shift (which is traceable in and beyond the Italian peninsula) is mostly found in documents of practice such as court and financial records, which augment and complicate the traditional view afforded by urban statutes and medical treatises. The revised if still nebulous picture emerging from this preliminary study challenges a lingering tendency among urban and public health historians to see pre-modern European cities as ignorant andapatheticdemographic black holes.
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Bratuškins, Uģis, and Sandra Treija. "Urban Communication: The Uses of Public Space in Riga Historical City Centre." Architecture and Urban Planning 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aup-2017-0014.
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Abstract Expansion of cities and their impact areas extend also the semantic boundaries of urban ecentres, while public open space in the city centres maintain attractivity, especially within the medieval cores. The diverse functional processes that satisfy the needs of all users of urban space in general, on the one hand carry the function of circulation or communication, and on the other – relaxation or recreation. Elements of spatial organization and environment planning essential for the realization of each function differ, and depending on which of the functional processes prevails in the particular place, open space acquires either priority of communication or of recreation. The paper focuses on the interests and needs of main groups of users of the historical city centre – Riga Old Town, states availability of adequate space, as well as sets the criteria of high-quality public open space.
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DURO, Çlirim, and Ermal BAZE. "Institutional tradition of the commune of Shkodra between the Slavic – Byzantine area and Western Adriatic (during the XIV Century)." Economicus 22, no. 2 (2023): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58944/fpaq6387.
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Purpose: The article identifies and analyzes the political and institutional organization, as well as the election of the governing bodies in the commune of Shkodra, during the first decades of the 14th Century, observed mainly through the legal provisions of the juridical medieval book of this city, The Statutes of Shkodra. Methodology: Until now it was not possible to establish a clear idea of the functions structures of a medieval Albanian city, or it can be done through extrapolations of the civil rights of Budva, so to resolve this issue, Shkodra statute serve as a methodology and a precise guide to achieve this purpose. Findings: This article attempts to bring important findings related to the discovery of new data and the Statutes of Shkodra during the early decades of the 14th Century yield important data on the development and the institutional organization of the urban commune of Shkodra in the Middle Age. Governing bodies of the Municipality of Shkodra in the first decades of the 14th Century, have similarities with medieval municipal organization models of Italian-Dalmatian and Western Europe cities. Value: This research presents some observations that could be of great interest both for researchers and a source for multidisciplinary studies that consider issues of linguistics related to terminology narrow scope of working activities, also paving the way for research on society, dockets and the history of work, highlights principles of architecture and urban planning, presents problems related to the economy, as well as elaborates aspects of the religious and ecclesiastical world.
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Hajiyeva, Sabina. "AZERBAIJANI TOWN SHUSHA- MONUMENT OF HISTORY, CULTURE, URBAN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE." Scientific works/Elmi eserler 1, no. 1 (April 21, 2022): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.58225/sw.si.2022.1.89-106.
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Shusha is a very valuable historical, town-planning, architectural and natural monument. This is one of the richest with architectural monuments cities in Azerbaijan. Shusha was not only the administrative, but also the cultural and economic center of Karabakh. Many remarkable cultural figures of Azerbaijan - composers, singers, musicians, poets - were born and raised here. Built by Panahali Khan 250 years ago, Shusha is the largest monument of history, culture, urban planning and architecture of Azerbaijan, an open- air museum, which was protected as a historical and architectural reserve. The unique town-planning system of the city of Shusha is characterized by a combination of separate quarters, typical for eastern cities.As a result of the occupation of the territory of Karabakh for about 30 years, the medieval city of Shusha, which has a peculiar urban structure, was half destroyed, despite the fact that before the start of the war, the ancient quarters and numerous historical and architectural monuments were in excellent condition. In the fall of 2019, the staff and students of the Faculty of Architecture of the Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction had launched the project “Urban Development and Restoration of the Historical and Architectural Heritage of the town of Shusha”, dedicated to the study of the historical past, architectural monuments, and the unique urban structure of this pearl of Azerbaijani architecture. The need to collect a large number of archival materials, the difficulty in finding them, since Shusha was occupied, as well as the fact that the project was developed by students in their free time, led to the fact that the work was completed at the end of 2020. The project, launched at the request of the students and presented to the general public a few weeks ago, also includes proposals for the urban development of the city and the restoration of individual architectural monuments.This article talks about the historical and current state of the city of Shusha, examines various aspects of the historical development of the city associated with the formation of the urban structure, architectural monuments, explores the problems of restoration of individual objects. Some preliminary designs of monument restorations carried out by students within the framework of the above project are given.
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Skoryk, Larisa. "INTERACTION OF THE FUNCTIONAL AND PLANNING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE URBAN STRUCTURE." Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture, no. 28 (December 15, 2019): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33838/naoma.28.2019.68-75.
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The article analyzes the main features of the interaction of functional filling and planning urban planning techniques in the central parts of major historical cities in the course of their development. Such an analysis is essential to the choice of optimal reconstructive solutions, with the necessary preservation of the historical and aesthetic value of the urban heritage. Similarly to the influence of the functional purpose of the building on the whole complex of planning and composite solutions, the primary definition of the semantic meaning of urban formation is directly influenced by the drawing and its plan, the logic of the interaction of the main urban planning categories from antiquity to our time. Thus, the main functional designation of medieval European cities as trading, defense and military ports has developed characteristic forms of their plans, optimal for the proper functioning of urban entities. Subsequently, after the destruction of irrelevant fortifications and in the process of territorial growth of cities significantly increases the range and volume of city functions and takes advantage of an open flexible scheme of microstructures in the developed system of the center outside the central core, which should maintain a high rank of historical and cultural emphasis of the city. In order to avoid the phenomena of functional degradation of separate spaces of the center or excessive dynamism of functions capable of distorting the value of historical and architectural substance, it is necessary to estimate the optimal capacity of the city center, that is, the quantitative and qualitative optimum of functions, which can perceive the historical environment without reducing its cultural and aesthetic values due to the harmonious interaction of functional and planning categories. This harmony can be achieved not only by adapting the contents and form of the city center to new needs, but also by adjusting these needs to the optimal possibilities of the historical environment, which may partially offset the comfort of the home by its special advantages.
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Lilley, K. D. "Modern visions of the medieval city: competing conceptions of urbanism in European civic design." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 26, no. 3 (1999): 427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b260427.
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Brady, Joe, Tadhg O'keefe, and Arnold Horner. "Reviews of maps and mapping." Irish Geography 36, no. 1 (July 26, 2014): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.2003.229.
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Irish Historic Towns Atlas, no. 12, Belfast, part I to 1840 by Raymond Gillespie and Stephen A. Royle. Published by the Royal Irish Academy in association with Belfast City Council 30 euro / £20. ISBN 0–9543855–0–0.DUBLIN c.840 TO c.1540: THE MEDIEVAL TOWN IN THE MODERN CITY, by H.B. Clarke. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, Irish Historic Towns Atlas. 15pp. booklet + 1 map (on a base of OJS. 1:2500 Dublin Sheet 18.XI (1939). 2nd edition, 2002. [euro]10.00. ISBN 1 874045 99 2.DONEGAL COUNTY ATLAS/ATLAS CONDAE 2001, produced by Donegal County Development Board. Donegal County Council, 2001. 91 maps. No price.
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Lassandro, Paola, Sara Antonella Zaccaro, and Silvia Di Turi. "Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Different Urban Fabrics to Face Increasingly Hot Summer Days Due to Climate Change." Sustainability 16, no. 5 (March 6, 2024): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16052210.
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As global warming and heat waves are becoming more frequent and severe, cities, with their different morphological districts, must be at the forefront of environmental challenges. Notably, many Mediterranean towns maintain the original medieval urban fabric and the regular one. The research focuses on the development of a methodology with the application of high-resolution 3D modelling software ENVI-met V5.1 to analyze the microclimatic effects of mitigation and adaptation strategies derived from the study of medieval and regular urban fabric. The aim is to address contemporary challenges such as heat waves and urban heat island (UHI) effects in modern cities. By studying outdoor energy behavior in a southern Italian city (Bari), the research proposes scenarios for urban settlements in the face of climate change. This approach provides recommendations for creating more climate-resilient urban environments both in the historic and modern city. The use of trees with large crowns and tall shrubs and the inclusion of fountain jets are strategies to achieve sky view factor and air temperatures in the modern city similar to those in the historical fabric. Increasing albedo values and the use of green roofs prove to be further strategies for improving outdoor climatic conditions.
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Бурагба, Р., Rabii Buragba, М. В. Перькова, and M. V. Perkova. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLANNING STRUCTURE OF ANCIENT CITIES OF MOROCCO ON THE EXAMPLE OF MARRAKESH." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5d35d0b7015671.21777827.
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The article traces the process of forming the planning structure of the historical core in the general structure of Moroccan cities. The sequence of development the Medina of Marrakech, the main ele-ments of its planning structure and development by periods is revealed. This study examines the Islamic period with the alternation of ruling dynasties. The general features of the planning of Morocco cities and characteristics of the planning structure of Marrakesh are reflected. There are five identified stages in the development of functional-planning structure of Marrakech, each is characterized by change and addition of the planning structure elements, the increase in perimeter buildings of the Medina, with the inclusion of new elements. The history of construction and transformation of key monuments of architectural heritage and their impact on the general structure of the Medina is considered. The development of the territory and construction of residential areas along the perimeter of the existing Medina led to the emergence of a new contour of the enclosing wall with trade and craft sectors. This is typical for the second and the third period. Further development of the city takes place in the fourth and fifth period through the construction of residential areas outside the Medina (stone walls) and the resettlement of new population. Analysis of the Medina of Marrakesh development allows to reveal its architectural and planning structure, relating it to the type of formation of medieval cities. The considered data can assist to predict the further direction of development the planning structure of the Medina and to prevent its loss and "dissolution" in the city.
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Noizet, Hélène. "Spaces and spatialities in Paris between the ninth and nineteenth centuries: urban morphology generated by the management of otherness." Urban History 47, no. 3 (April 17, 2020): 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926820000231.
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AbstractBased on the different type of ecclesiastical institutions, an analysis of the plots owned and developed by the different orders reveals that some spatial characteristics endure in the modern city. The degree of fragmentation and the nature of subsequent urban development is shown to be a function of the type of church established in the medieval period. The examples are based on detailed plot analysis in Paris.
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Bzhezovska, Nataliya. "FEATURES OF THE INFLUENCE OF FORTIFICATIONS OF CASTLE STRUCTURES ON THE ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING STRUCTURE OF SMALL CITIES IF THE PODILLYA OFTHE XVI-XVII CENTURIES." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 60 (April 26, 2021): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.60.177-188.
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The article examines the evolution of the castle fortifications, which for each region and historical period had their own characteristic features and their relationship with the planning structure of small towns in Podillya. The features of the formation of fortification systems, which influenced the architectural and planning structure of the cities of Podillya at the turn of the XVI-XVII centuries, are revealed. The castle`s fortification and fortification system of the cities of Berezhany, Zhovkva, Brody, Stanislav, Zbarazh, Medzhybozh and others are considered. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of changes in the fortification system of cities of the structural-typological level and the use of the modern bastion system, which supplanted the fortifications of the medieval type. The influence of these changes on the intensity of development of small cities in Podillya in the period of the XVI-XVII centuries is analyzed. Attention is focused on the formative influence of the fortifications of castle structures on the architectural and planning structure of cities, which was often decisive at the last stage of the formation of castles and their fortification. The process of uniting the castle and the city is considered, which went through different stages of re-planning: from placing the castle separately, through the interaction of fortification and up to the stage of obtaining a general outline of the city fortifications. The role of castle fortifications in the system of fortifications of the small cities of Podillya is determined. The influence of the development of fortifications of castles and their merger with the defense structure of the city on the urban planning process of the cities of Podillya of XVI-XVII centuries is investigated.
The formation of castle fortifications in the historical, architectural, town-planning aspects and their influence on the architectural and planning structure of the small cities of Podillya and significance of this influence for understanding the future development of small historical cities of Podillya are considered.
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SHAW, DAVID GARY. "Social networks and the foundations of oligarchy in medieval towns." Urban History 32, no. 2 (August 2005): 200–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392680500297x.
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Although it is widely acknowledged that urban oligarchy pre-dominated across medieval England, oligarchy's foundations are only partly known. This article argues that part of oligarchy's success derived from close social interaction between oligarchs and the rest of the citizens. A case study of social networks and arbitration within the city of Wells demonstrates how the elite insinuated themselves into the town's social web, establishing and securing their influence and power. Moreover, such a social role brought the oligarchs together often and helped to define the elite. Such power encouraged a more benevolent form of oligarchy than later prevailed.
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Нагиев, Г. Г. "Ancient and medieval authors about the fortifications of the cities of Azerbaijan." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 3, no. 103 (September 30, 2021): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021hph3/77-85.
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The city is distinguished by a special way of life, the specifics of political, economic, socio-cultural and intellectual activities, worldview of various segments of the population. Questions about the emergence of cities, the formation of urban culture, the city-forming role of economic, socio-political, cultural processes in society are topical issues of historical science. When researching most of the questions on the history of ancient cities, the method of analyzing written sources is of particular importance. The reports of ancient and medieval authors contain valuable information about the country's natural resources, routes of communication, trade relations, political events, as well as about cities and the distance between them, about their social structure, planning, fortifications, etc. The available written sources in different languages testify that Azerbaijan has long been the center of a highly developed urban culture. They contain important information about the fortified Azerbaijani cities, which were mainly located on the main trade routes, in strategically reliable areas, climatically favorable regions of the country. The defense of cities was a permanent and decisive factor. The fortifications of the cities met all the necessary requirements of their time. The powerful defensive system of cities, including several belts of fortress walls with towers of various shapes, detached observation and signal towers and castles, reliably resisted massive attacks, throwing weapons and battering machines, both during a swift assault and a long siege, as evidenced by written sources. The article briefly analyzes the reports of ancient and medieval authors about fortifications in the system of protection of the historical cities of Azerbaijan.
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Bogdan, Alexandru, Dorina Chambre, Dana Maria Copolovici, Tudor Bungau, Constantin C. Bungau, and Lucian Copolovici. "Heritage Building Preservation in the Process of Sustainable Urban Development: The Case of Brasov Medieval City, Romania." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 6959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14126959.
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This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the literature on the definition and development of the concepts of heritage and sustainability. The harmful effects of various pollutants on the materials widely used in the construction of monuments/buildings, which are part of the national and international cultural heritage, are also highlighted. In addition, the paper draws attention to modern techniques for investigating the composition and diagnosis of the alteration of buildings materials with the focus on stone, limestone, and mortars/concrete. The present research also emphasizes that in the case of heritage buildings, different skills are needed not only related to heritage conservation and rehabilitation, but also skills related to heritage planning processes, and to sustainable constructions. For exemplification, the manuscript proposes specific conservation principles based on the case of Brasov city, located in the heart of Romania and being par excellence a medieval town with representative buildings for that period.
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Salimov, Alexey Maratovich. "The main street of Tver’: the history of renaming in the context of ur-ban-building and socio-cultural." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 3 (52) (2022): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2022-3-92-96.
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Like any city, Tver’ has its own main street, and given the fact that the time of the foundation-capital of the Upper Volga goes into the Middle Ages, and the formation of its main urban «highway» took place several centuries ago. This street existed during the period of the independent Tver’ Principality, but the earliest documentary evidence of it dates only to the 17th century. Then this street was called «Big Moscow». From the second half of the XVII century schematically it began to fix the cartographers and on the plan of the first quarter of the XVIII century we already have a quite clear idea of this magistral. Its curvilinear, medieval-oriented character persisted until the 1760s when Tver’ after the fire of 1763 was reformed based on the «regular» town planning decision. Since then, the late medieval street name has been removed from the city toponymy. There is a Tverskaya perspective, although for some time there is a synthetic name – Great Tver’ Prospect. Later, in gratitude for the exceptional care in restoring the city after the fire, the head-street of Tver’ began to be called Ekaterininskaya street. An attempt to change this name was made in the early 1810s Prince G. Oldenburg in his time as Governor-General of the Tver’ Governorate. However, the new name of the main street of Tver’ – Millionaire – did not exist enough. It went out of circulation a few years after the death of Oldenburg (in 1812). As a result, they returned to Yekaterininskaya street again, and in the 1870s. Perhaps because of the increasing wealth of most of the residents of this street, it was again called Millionaire. It remained so until the end of the 1910s. After the revolutionary events of 1917, it was renamed Soviet.
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Issina, A. Z., B. E. Ozganbayeva, and D. O. Kaliyev. "Architectural and spatial organization of Muslim educational institutions in Kazakhstan in the medieval period." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series 138, no. 1 (2022): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2022-138-1-44-58.
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The article is given to consider the issues of madrasahs in Kazakhstan at diverse time stages of the medieval period. The overwhelming significance of old madrasahs within the structure of the city and past is considered. The study is analyzing inclinations within the plan of madrasahs, issues of arrangement of architectural arranging, utilitarian and compositional arrangements. Taking under consideration the pertinence of the strategic importance of these objects which are the legacy of the Turkic-speaking states, within the future, it foreordained the reason of the consideration of this article - to recognize the most bunches of factors that affected the compositional strategies of organizing spaces. Based on this purpose, the accessible chronicled materials made it conceivable to decide the objectives of the study: – uncovering the part of madrasah as a key structure of Islamic education; – investigation of the components affecting the method of shaping; – assurance of the specifics of the building and arrange We advertised the strategy to uncover the philosophical meaning of the structural composition of instructive teaches as a chunk of craftsmanship. The town-planning highlights, structural and imaginative characteristics of the objects of the investigation are described based on the hunt for approaches to the plan of madrasahs where the contact of the ideological views of Islam and the Turkic conventions, both profoundly and structurally is revealed. As a result, the essential guideline within the plan of madrasahs was uncovered. This guideline demonstrates that they were city-forming objects. This made it conceivable to assist recognize the essential standards of Kazakh conventional design of the medieval period. The method of the research moreover analyzes the method of separation of building parameters and changes within the space-planning structure of the objects beneath thought. As a result, a bunch of variables that influenced these changes is determined. The best structural methods and building arrangements within the organization of a favorable discuss conditioning framework of a building beneath the characteristic and climatic conditions of the southern, western and central locales of Kazakhstan have been distinguished which moreover had a noteworthy impact on the arrangement of instructive institutions.
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Alberth, Patricia. "World Heritage as a balancing act: experiences from a medium-sized World Heritage City in Bavaria." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 17 (December 16, 2023): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.5511.
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The Town of Bamberg has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1993 due to its medieval urban layout and its well preserved buildings mostly from the Middle Ages and the Baroque era. A large part of the historic streets and squares still exist. They make up an essential part of the city’s public space. Yet, the demands placed on this public space are currently undergoing some changes – especially under the influence of climate change and the Corona pandemic.In line with the UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, Bamberg’s urban fabric is based on the historical stratification of cultural and natural values and features. The urban fabric relates to the landscape in which it is embedded – river Regnitz and the surrounding hills – as well as to religious traditions, trade activities and building customs. The aim of this paper is to analyze recent developments in the planning and use of public spaces in Bamberg taking into account current methods of participation. In 2020, the City of Bamberg was awarded the contract by the Federal Ministry of the Interior, for Construction and Home Affairs, for a project period of seven years as part of the "Smart Cities Model Projects" funding programme to promote digitalization at all levels of urban development. Accordingly, the contribution of digital technologies to urban planning and of citizen participation will receive special attention.
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Haas, Tigran. "Traditional European Squares in Contemporary Urbanism: Dubrovnik's Medieval Squares." Open House International 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2009-b0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Buildings alone do not matter, it is only the ensemble of streets, squares, and buildings and the way they fit together that comprises the true principles of good urbanism and place making. One of the main rules of good urban design is the quality of the public space. This paper analyzes the importance of creating & maintaining a true public square in contemporary urban condition, as one of the built environments' pillars for sustaining social and cultural identity. Criticism has been posed towards the (neo) romanticizing the importance of European squares (as some critics would call it “Postcard Squares”) in everyday life and contemporary town planning. Movements such as New Urbanism, which promote good urban design have not put squares that high on their urban design agendas. Also the usage of the historic European city's public realm model - the square - as the important ingredient for all urban places has not been forthcoming. To investigate this phenomena, and facilitate the discourse, The Square of the St. Blaise Church (Luza Square) and the Gunduliceva Poljana Square in the Old City of Dubrovnik, are analyzed and reflected upon through various data collection, theory reflections and urban design evaluation methods, such as Garham's Sense of Place Typology-Taxonomy. If cities have livable and vibrant social spaces, do residents tend to have a stronger sense of community and sense of place? If such places are lacking, does the opposite happen?. This paper seeks out to answer these questions. Finally the paper also looks at how the phenomenon of creating good social spaces through creating ‘third places’ is achieved and confirmed in the squares of Dubrovnik.