Дисертації з теми "Medical purposes"
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Paulsson, Fredrik, and Fredrik Eklund. "Development of an Adaptive Voice Amplifier for Medical Purposes." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-11263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem that will be discussed in this thesis report will be whether it is possible to construct an adaptive voice amplifier that rivals the already commercially available ones. The report first attempts to give some insight and background into the fields considered by this thesis and after that the implementation section of the report will try to give some deeper insight into which problems occured and how some of them were solved. The result of this thesis report was that it is quite possible to construct an adaptive voice amplifier given enough time. This report will give an insight into the results acquired and some guidelines for constructing such a device. Also found in this report are some possible improvements to the system that would make the system perform even better. This thesis has been very rewarding as a thesis project since the problems has been very challenging and very fun to work with.
2
Komarova, O. P., and I. Y. Korneev. "Development of a new sticky material for medical adhesive plaster." Thesis, Харківський національний медичний університет, 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/19466.
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3
Stoker, Alexander. "Building a Medical App: Approach, Infrastructure, and Challenges of Developing a Congenital Heart Defects App for Educational Purposes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/603666.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Mobile software application (apps) have exploded in popularity since 2008, when Apple’s App Store opened and have become increasingly present in medical education and medical practice. As evidence of educators realizing the potential apps have for educating students, the University of Arizona has created a department called the Office of Instruction and Assessment (OIA), which has a programming team that is committed to assisting faculty in the design, development and implementation of apps for University of Arizona Students. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect in the United States, affecting nearly 1% of, or about 40,000, births per year. There are complex three‐dimensional relationships involved in many of the congenital heart defects that may be difficult for students to fully understand through the traditional method of reading and looking at two‐dimensional diagrams. The principle goal of this project was to participate in the design and development of an educational mobile app that allows the user to interactively rotate digital 3D models of hearts with congenital heart defects. Multiple approaches to developing an educational medical app were explored including utilizing basic app‐building programs that do not require computer coding or programming, paying a for‐profit company to develop an app, and collaborating with a larger educational institution that has the resources available for developing an app and has a potential use for the app. This thesis aims to describe the resources available to develop an educational app, the major factors that determine the best approach for app development and the challenges associated with each approach. Through the case example of developing “Heart Defects” with the Office of Instruction and Assessment at the University of Arizona and publishing the app on the Apple App Store it was determined that the major factors guiding the approach to app development are complexity of the app, computer programming experience of the individual planning to develop an app, and having access to a larger institution with the ability to develop apps and the institution having a perceived benefit from developing the app.
4
Zarrouk, Hajer. "The impact of problem-based learning methodology on learners of English for Academic Medical Purpose." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0025/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le but de cette étude était de considérer la possibilité de la mise en œuvre de l’approche d'apprentissage par problèmes (APP), Problem Based Learning (PBL), comme une méthodologie d'enseignement, épistémologiquement solide, pour enseigner l'anglais de spécialité (ASP), en particulier, dans le domaine académique de la médecine, English for Academic Medical Purposes (EAMP). Dans un premier temps, l'étude a examiné si PBL est compatible avec l'enseignement des langues et a cherché à déterminer les avantages que cette méthode peut apporter à l'enseignement de l'ASP. L'étude a également tenté de résoudre des problèmes d'apprentissage en anglais qui ont été identifiés dans les Collèges de Santé de l’Année préparatoire (Branche Féminine) au sein de l'Université de Hail, Arabie Saoudite. Une analyse des besoins a été menée dans l'institution pour mieux identifier ces problèmes d'apprentissage. En conséquence, PBL a été mis en œuvre pour déterminer si cette approche est capable de fournir une solution possible à la question, puisque PBL a été initialement mis en œuvre en médecine pour faire face à des problèmes similaires. Cela a entraîné un changement dans les niveaux macro-méthodologique et micro-méthodologique, comme Demaizière (1996 ; 66) les appelle. Dans la partie empirique, une étude longitudinale a été menée avec 13 étudiantes qui ont été observées dans une période de 8 semaines au cours de cinq PBL tutoriels, qui a eu lieu pendant quinze séances. En général, les résultats étaient en faveur de la mise en œuvre de cette approche dans l'enseignement de l'anglais médical. Ils ont également montré que PBL peut améliorer l'autonomie des apprenants ; leurs permettre de développer des stratégies d'apprentissage ; les aider à exploiter leurs compétences linguistiques ; et d'apprendre le contenu orienté vers leur domaineThe purpose of this study was to consider the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) as an epistemologically sound teaching methodology to teach English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and particularly English for Academic Medical Purposes (EAMP). The study examined whether PBL is compatible with language teaching and determined the benefits that this methodology can bring to ESP. The study also attempted to solve problems with English learning that were identified in the Preparatory Year Health Colleges (Female Branch) within Hail University, Saudi Arabia. A needs analysis was conducted in the institution to examine the English learning situation and better identify these learning problems. Then PBL was implemented to determine if it provided a possible solution to the issue. This entailed a change in the macro-methodological and micro-methodological levels, as Demaizière (1996) called ‘le niveau macromethodologique’ and ‘le niveau micromethodologique’ (p.66). In the empirical part of this study, a longitudinal study was conducted with 13 students who were observed through a period of 8 weeks and over five PBL tutorials, which took place over fifteen sessions. During these fifteen sessions, learners’ behaviors or indicators of autonomy were observed at the group level for the first and third session of each PBL tutorial and at the individual level in session 2. In general, the results favored the implementation of this approach in teaching English for Academic Medical Purposes (EAMP). They also showed that PBL can improve learners’ autonomy; enable learners to develop learning strategies; help learners harness their language skills; and learn content oriented to their field
5
Fentner, David A. "A Comparative Image Quality Analysis between Multi-Slice Computed Tomography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Radiation Treatment Planning Purposes." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1372413982.
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Tarawhiti, Nancy Waireana. "The Development of a Certified Nursing Assistant English for Specific Purposes Curriculum: Teaching Materials and Methods." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd967.pdf.
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Lasseter, Gemma Michelle. "Consent study : assessing the public's willingness to provide informed consent for their identifiable general practice medical records to be accessed for different research purposes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702735.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: Patient involvement in primary care research is often hindered by confidentiality concerns regarding the use of their identifiable medical records. Consequently there is no universal 'pre-consent' process in England, whereby patients provide prior informed consent for their identifiable data to be accessed for different research purposes. This mixed-methods two-phase study investigated patients' opinions about this proposed 'pre-consent' process and the effectiveness of different invitation methods. Methods: Phase 1 used cognitive and semi-structured interview methods to optimise recruitment documents for, and ascertain participants' attitudes towards, providing an informed consent decision for the 'pre-consent' process. Phase 2 tested the feasibility of different recruitment documents ('standard' and 'modified') and invitation methods (postal, consultation and new) to determine the most effective in terms of allowing patients the opportunity to provide an informed consent decision. Results: Phase 1: Readability of the 'standard' recruitment documents impacted on participants' abilities to provide consent decisions, consequently a 'modified' version was created using participant feedback. Opinions about the 'pre-consent' process were chiefly affected by an individual's personal attitudes; key findings were 'data security' concerns and 'public benefit' motives. Phase 2: Recruitment documents affected response rates, with patients that received 'standard' documents 43% less likely to re~pond than those receiving the 'modified' documents. Postal, consultation and new invitation methods biased the types of patients invited, the number and types of patients responding, and the consent levels provided. Of the 2550 patients invited to participate in the 'pre-consent' process, only 30% (n=767/2550) responded, undermining the feasibility of this process. Discussion: The 'pre-consent' process seems currently unfeasible. However, engaging with the public to identify the most effective recruitment documents, invitation methods and consent options could streamline research in primary care. These approaches, employed on a study-by-study basis, would ensure primary care research remains cost-effective and representative of the general population.
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Lear, Darcy Whilldin. "Communicative Needs Of English-Speaking Health Care Professionals Who Work With Spanish-Speaking Clients: A Case Study." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1053113899.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 318 p.: ill. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Charles R. Hancock, College of Education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 308-318).
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Zouetchou, Heribert. "Direct-To-Consumer Advertisements and Medical Services Utilization Among Adult Dermatology Patients in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1954.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pharmaceutical product claim and help-seeking advertisements have prompted the types and purposes of medical dermatology service(s) that patients have used in the United States. Indeed, researchers have demonstrated that 94% of working nurse practitioners affirmed receiving from their patients a request for a cancer drug advertised. However, adult dermatology patients members of Saint Nicholas Catholic Church or/and patients at MedStar Clinic in Houston, Texas, have not been of interest for any study so far. The purpose of this quantitative study was to assess the relationship between product claim, help-seeking, types, and purposes of medical dermatology services used amongst males and females aged at least 18 years. Prospect theory (PT) was the theoretical framework used to analyze the purpose of this study. A cross-sectional survey approach permitted to collect primary data from 120 participants who were members of Saint Nicholas Catholic Church or/and patients at MedStar Clinic. The results, based on a forced entry multiple regression analysis at 95% confidence interval, indicated that product claim and help-seeking significantly explained (p -?¤ .05) the variances of certain types and purposes of medical dermatology services used. Thus, product claim and help-seeking predicted the types and purposes of medical services used by the study population. Pharmaceutical announcers may benefit from the results of this study by using the study results to create new direct-to-consumers advertisements for the dermatology health promotion. The study population may benefit healthy skin, hairs, and nails by using medical dermatology services after exposure to the new pharmaceutical direct-to-consumer advertisements.
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Terschová, Kateřina. "Regulace zdanění léčivých přípravků a potravin pro zvláštní lékařské účely." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241567.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis focuses in its content on the impact of changes in the rate of value added tax on the subjects of the pharmaceutical market. Thesis explains the basic concepts of taxation and simultaneously describes the theoretical basement of price and reimbursement regulation of medicines and foods for special medical purposes. The thesis contains an analysis of the actual impact of changes in the rate of value added tax on the expenses of health insurance companies and patients.
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Pettersson, Albert. "Giant retinal tears vs primary rhegmatogenousretinal detachments : A study with the purpose of comparing postoperative results and complications." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86240.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction Giant retinal tears (GRT) are rare and difficult to treat. Today, there are seven centers inSweden where this complicated form of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) can betreated. Despite the technical and surgical advances in the last decades, the ideal treatment isstill unknown. In the end, the choice is made by an individual surgeon, without much researchto back it up.In contrast, a mild form of RRD is considered easier to handle. Previous studies describe asingle surgery success rate of over 90% for this form of RRD. This is higher compared togiant retinal tears, where the rate is 70-90%. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative results and complications of giantretinal tears with a mild type of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Method This is a retrospective cohort study of 18 patients with GRT treated at USÖ between 2013-2017. The GRT sample was matched with the same number of patients with a mild form ofRRD treated at USÖ between 2011-2019. The period before, under and after surgery wereinvestigated to compare results and complications. Results Several factors with statistical significance were found: the single surgery success rate ishigher in GRT; the number of reoperations is less when an outlier has been removed; thefrequency of glaucoma and residual silicone oil are higher in GRT; the rate of preoperativeepiretinal membranes is higher in RRD, and the portion of preoperative proliferativevitreoretinopathy (PVR) is higher in GRT. Conclusion Somewhat surprisingly, the results present a higher single surgery success rate in GRT thanthe mild form of RRD. Compared to literature the rate for RRD is relatively low, but the ratefor GRT is among the best compared to other studies. However, this may be due to the smallsample size and potential bias in the matching. Before surgery GRT presents with worsepreoperative visual acuity and higher rate of complications. These differences seem to shrinkafter surgery. The exception being glaucoma, which is more common in GRT
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Wandji, Tchami Ornella. "Analyse contrastive des verbes dans des corpus médicaux et création d’une ressource verbale de simplification de textes." Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H015/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Grâce à l’évolution de la technologie à travers le Web, la documentation relative à la santé est de plus en plus abondante et accessible à tous, plus particulièrement aux patients, qui ont ainsi accès à une panoplie d’informations sanitaires. Malheureusement, la grande disponibilité de l’information médicale ne garantit pas sa bonne compréhension par le public visé, en l’occurrence les non-experts. Notre projet de thèse a pour objectif la création d’une ressource de simplification de textes médicaux, à partir d’une analyse syntaxico-sémantique des verbes dans quatre corpus médicaux en français qui se distinguent de par le degré d’expertise de leurs auteurs et celui des publics cibles. La ressource conçue contient 230 patrons syntaxicosémantiques des verbes (appelés pss), alignés avec leurs équivalents non spécialisés. La méthode semi-automatique d’analyse des verbes appliquée pour atteindre notre objectif est basée sur quatre tâches fondamentales : l’annotation syntaxique des corpus, réalisée grâce à l’analyseur syntaxique Cordial (Laurent, Dominique et al, 2009) ; l’annotation sémantique des arguments des verbes, à partir des catégories sémantiques de la version française de la terminologie médicale Snomed Internationale (Côté, 1996) ; l’acquisition des patrons syntactico-sémantiqueset l’analyse contrastive du fonctionnement des verbes dans les différents corpus. Les patrons syntaxico-sémantiques des verbes acquis au terme de ce processus subissent une évaluation (par trois équipes d’experts en médecine) qui débouche sur la sélection des candidats constituant la nomenclature de la ressource de simplification. Les pss sont ensuite alignés avec leurs correspondants non spécialisés, cet alignement débouche sur le création de la ressource de simplification, qui représente le résultat principal de notre travail de thèse. Une évaluation du rendement du contenu de la ressource a été effectuée avec deux groupes d’évaluateurs : des linguistes et des non-linguistes. Les résultats montrent que la simplification des pss permet de faciliter la compréhension du sens du verbe en emploi spécialisé, surtout lorsque un certains paramètres sont réunisWith the evolution of Web technology, healthcare documentation is becoming increasinglyabundant and accessible to all, especially to patients, who have access to a large amount ofhealth information. Unfortunately, the ease of access to medical information does not guaranteeits correct understanding by the intended audience, in this case non-experts. Our PhD work aimsat creating a resource for the simplification of medical texts, based on a syntactico-semanticanalysis of verbs in four French medical corpora, that are distinguished according to the levelof expertise of their authors and that of the target audiences. The resource created in thepresent thesis contains 230 syntactico-semantic patterns of verbs (called pss), aligned withtheir non-specialized equivalents. The semi-automatic method applied, for the analysis of verbs,in order to achieve our goal is based on four fundamental tasks : the syntactic annotation of thecorpora, carried out thanks to the Cordial parser (Laurent et al., 2009) ; the semantic annotationof verb arguments, based on semantic categories of the French version of a medical terminologyknown as Snomed International (Côté, 1996) ; the acquisition of syntactico-semantic patternsof verbs and the contrastive analysis of the verbs behaviors in the different corpora. Thepss, acquired at the end of this process, undergo an evaluation (by three teams of medicalexperts) which leads to the selection of candidates constituting the nomenclature of our textsimplification resource. These pss are then aligned with their non-specialized equivalents, thisalignment leads to the creation of the simplification resource, which is the main result of ourPhD study. The content of the resource was evaluated by two groups of people : linguists andnon-linguists. The results show that the simplification of pss makes it easier for non-expertsto understand the meaning of verbs used in a specialized way, especially when a certain set ofparameters is collected
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Carnet, Anaïs. "L’utilisation de séries télévisées pour l’enseignement/apprentissage de la communication pour la consultation médicale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0188.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse en didactique de l’anglais de spécialité a pour objectif de mesurer l’impact de l’utilisation de séries télévisées sur l’enseignement/apprentissage de la communication pour la consultation médicale. Elle est largement ancrée dans le domaine de la didactique et de la pédagogie puisque les théories et méthodologies existantes sont étudiées dans le but de créer un programme novateur d’apprentissage de la communication pour la consultation. Cette recherche se veut novatrice dans le sens où elle compare l’efficacité de trois types de documents : les documents didactiques, une série médicale et un panachage de séries médicales et non médicales. La première partie de cette thèse, qui introduit l’anglais médical comme sous-genre de l’anglais de spécialité, propose une réflexion sur la langue de la consultation médicale, ainsi que sur son aspect culturel, en en déconstruisant la dynamique. La deuxième partie constitue le cadre méthodologique, dans lequel les différentes phases de construction du nouveau programme sont introduites, puis les protocoles scientifiques sont détaillés. La troisième partie est dédiée à l’analyse et à la discussion des données obtenues lors de la recherche, afin d’éclairer la manière dont l’outil série télévisée impacte la capacité des étudiants à communiquer avec un patient étranger lors d’une consultation médicale. Il en ressort que même si l’utilisation de séries télévisées est statistiquement moins efficace que les documents didactiques pour la mémorisation, l’emploi et la pérennisation des savoirs communicationnels, leur utilisation entraîne des modifications de la représentation de la posture professionnelle sur le plan cognitifThe objective of this research in English for Specific Purposes is to measure the impact of the use of television series on the teaching/learning of communication for medical consultation. It is largely rooted in the field of teaching and learning as existing theories and methodologies are studied with the aim of creating an innovative programme to teach medical students how to communicate during a consultation. This research is innovative as it compares the effectiveness of three types of documents: pedagogical documents, a medical television series and a mix of medical and non-medical television series. The first part of this thesis, which introduces medical English as a sub-genre of English for Specific Purposes, offers a reflection on the language of medical consultation, as well as its cultural aspect, by deconstructing its dynamics. The second part constitutes the methodological framework, in which the different construction phases of the new programme are introduced, and the scientific protocols are outlined. The third part is dedicated to the analyses and discussion of the data obtained during the research, in order to shed light on how the television series tool influences the students' ability to communicate with a foreign patient during a medical consultation. The results show that even if the use of television series is statistically less effective than educational documents in memorizing, using and perpetuating communicational knowledge, their use leads to changes in the representation of the professional posture on the cognitive level
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Rahman, M. Mostafizur. "Machine learning based data pre-processing for the purpose of medical data mining and decision support." Thesis, University of Hull, 2014. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:10103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Building an accurate and reliable model for prediction for different application domains, is one of the most significant challenges in knowledge discovery and data mining. Sometimes, improved data quality is itself the goal of the analysis, usually to improve processes in a production database and the designing of decision support. As medicine moves forward there is a need for sophisticated decision support systems that make use of data mining to support more orthodox knowledge engineering and Health Informatics practice. However, the real-life medical data rarely complies with the requirements of various data mining tools. It is often inconsistent, noisy, containing redundant attributes, in an unsuitable format, containing missing values and imbalanced with regards to the outcome class label. Many real-life data sets are incomplete, with missing values. In medical data mining the problem with missing values has become a challenging issue. In many clinical trials, the medical report pro-forma allow some attributes to be left blank, because they are inappropriate for some class of illness or the person providing the information feels that it is not appropriate to record the values for some attributes. The research reported in this thesis has explored the use of machine learning techniques as missing value imputation methods. The thesis also proposed a new way of imputing missing value by supervised learning. A classifier was used to learn the data patterns from a complete data sub-set and the model was later used to predict the missing values for the full dataset. The proposed machine learning based missing value imputation was applied on the thesis data and the results are compared with traditional Mean/Mode imputation. Experimental results show that all the machine learning methods which we explored outperformed the statistical method (Mean/Mode). The class imbalance problem has been found to hinder the performance of learning systems. In fact, most of the medical datasets are found to be highly imbalance in their class label. The solution to this problem is to reduce the gap between the minority class samples and the majority class samples. Over-sampling can be applied to increase the number of minority class sample to balance the data. The alternative to over-sampling is under-sampling where the size of majority class sample is reduced. The thesis proposed one cluster based under-sampling technique to reduce the gap between the majority and minority samples. Different under-sampling and over-sampling techniques were explored as ways to balance the data. The experimental results show that for the thesis data the new proposed modified cluster based under-sampling technique performed better than other class balancing techniques. In further research it is found that the class imbalance problem not only affects the classification performance but also has an adverse effect on feature selection. The thesis proposed a new framework for feature selection for class imbalanced datasets. The research found that, using the proposed framework the classifier needs less attributes to show high accuracy, and more attributes are needed if the data is highly imbalanced. The research described in the thesis contains the flowing four novel main contributions. a) Improved data mining methodology for mining medical data b) Machine learning based missing value imputation method c) Cluster Based semi-supervised class balancing method d) Feature selection framework for class imbalance datasets The performance analysis and comparative study show that the use of proposed method of missing value imputation, class balancing and feature selection framework can provide an effective approach to data preparation for building medical decision support.
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Du, Hank C. T. "An evaluation of the contribution of pharmacy sales data for purposes of public health." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/58915/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The contribution of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines sales data from pharmacies for public health (PH) has previously attracted interest in the UK. In this study, data for several OTC medicines were utilised to explore their contribution to (a) understand the impact of medicine reclassification or increased regulation on supply and (b) the surveillance of infectious diseases in the community in Wales. Following the reclassification of ophthalmic chloramphenicol (June 2005) an increase in primary care supply (OTC + prescription) of 54% (47,026 units) in eye drops and 29% (15,657 units) in eye ointment were observed (2004 to 2010). Despite this increase the items of eye drops prescribed were similar 12 months before and five years after the reclassification. The impact of regulatory changes concerning the non-prescription sale of opioid-containing analgesics was studied. In the 12 months following September 2009 legislative changes there was a significant fall in sales of codeine- and dihydrocodeinecontaining solid oral dosage forms (p<0.05). Similarly, following the pack size restriction of non-prescription pseudoephedrine and ephedrine products (April 2008), significant (p<0.05) year-on-year reductions in the total weight of pseudoephedrine sold were observed. Sales of non-prescription ophthalmic chloramphenicol were monitored on a small area basis in two areas with known outbreaks of infective conjunctivitis. In both areas sales data did not demonstrate the required sensitivity. When monitoring seasonal influenza, significant positive correlations were observed between cough/cold/flu medicines sales and indicators of influenza activity in Wales. In alignment with the professional standards for PH practice for pharmacy produced by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, the work undertaken demonstrated a number of potential uses of medicines sales data for PH. Routine data collection, particularly if captured at time/point of sale, would further enhance its usefulness in detecting and tracking PH incidents.
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Persson, Tova, and Frida Nylund. "Development of aphotopletysmography based methodfor investigating changes in bloodvolume pulsations : for the purpose of pressure ulcer prevention." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this thesis is to develop and evaluate a prototype for measuring volumetric changes of the blood with PPG. The prototype consist of a sensor plate controlled in Lab-view and algorithms for signal processing and analysis of results developed in Matlab. A study divided into three parts is performed, where the collected data is used for further development and alternations of the prototype between the study parts. A measurement in the study is divided into three stages before, during and after pressure, where the subject is changing body position between each stage in order to either apply or relieve pressure from the sensor plate. The amplitude changes of the recorded signals are analysed and the results from the stable parts of the measurements are presented as the ratio between before and during pressure. A ratio separated from 1 either show a decrease or an increase of pulsating blood volume as a response to the applied pressure. The results from the study show that there are both large spatial variations and large variations over time in the measurements. Today the prototype does not give repeatable results and there are several uncertainties in the measurement method. An optimal sensor plate would be flexible and have several LEDs over a larger area in order to give reliable result despite spatial variations.
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Семенець, В. В., В. С. Чумак, І. В. Свид, О. В. Зубков, О. В. Воргуль, and Н. В. Бойко. "Designing the Structure of a General-Purpose Telemedicine Complex." Thesis, MC&FPGA, 2021. https://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/18108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Taking into account modern trends, the analysis of the construction principles of telemadic systems, networks and complexes is presented in the work. The general structure of providing telemedicine services is developed. Structures of realization of portable and mobile telemedicine complexes are offered. Infocommunication systems and networks for implementation in mobile telemedicine complexes are analyzed. The advantages of using the sensor mobile body area network of the IEEE 802.15.6 WBAN standard in mobile telemedicine complexes are justified.
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Bosch, Janine. "Production of biologically active recombinant HIV-1 protease and intehrase for the purpose of screening medicianl plant extracts." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its gradual weakening of the immune system is an ever growing threat. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the final stage of HIV, renders a person vulnerable to various opportunistic infections, which in the end lead to death. Apart from intensive vaccine studies, treatment research mainly focuses on preventing the individual HIV enzymes (reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease) from performing their functions. Entry inhibitors, however, block viral entry into the cell, while antisense drugs lock onto the viral genome to keep it from functioning. In this study production of active recombinant HIV-1 protease and integrase was attempted for future drug screening programs. HIV-1 protease was cloned into a pET28b(+) vector and expressed in ROSETTA(DE3)pLysS cells. The protein was purified using a nickel-affinity column utilizing the hexa-histidine tag encoded by the vector. Gel filtration chromatography was attempted after refolding of the protease, but protease yield seemed to decrease with the additional purification step. Partially purified protease was characterized with kinetic studies. Kinetic parameters of HIV-1 protease were determined to be Km = 592 μM, Vmax = 0.59 μM/min and kcat = 31 s-1. HIV-1 integrase, which was cloned into a pET15b vector, was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. The coding sequence had been mutated to introduce the amino acid substitutions F185K and C280S, increasing solubility of the protein. The first step in purification of this protein was nickel-affinity chromatography, after which cation exchange chromatography was attempted. HIV-1 integrase concentration was low throughout experiments and no clear elution from the cation exchange column could be observed. A non-radioactive enzyme linked HIV-1 integrase assay failed to detect integrase activity. Modifications to future studies of the integrase are suggested in the chapter involved.
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Manana, Jabulile Vuyiswa. "Identification of commonly used traditional medicines by planar chromatography for quality control purposes." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09222005-104832/.
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Chen, Chien-Yu Jonathan. "The purpose, theory and strategy of implementing an interdisciplinary and intercultural medical ethics amongst Taiwanese doctors : a constructivist qualitative study." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573138.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study explores the complexities of implementing an interdisciplinary and intercultural medical ethics amongst Taiwanese doctors both in clinical and educational contexts. The purpose, theory, and strategy of doctors' teaching, learning, and practice of medical ethics are sophisticatedly constructed by interviewing 25 local stakeholders and analysing some relevant documents published worldwide. This constructivist qualitative research aims to generate practical insights into how to improve doctors' practice in a new pluralistic Taiwan nowadays. To achieve the aforementioned research aim, the purpose of why non-Western doctors must learn and exercise medical ethics beyond profession and tradition is first addressed. By delineating local doctors' cognitive bewilderment and situational vulnerability in face of the diversity of moral standpoints, a proposition emerges: doctors' learning of normative information is to equip and empower them to practise from a simplistic and rigid manner towards a holistic and sophisticated manner. To specify the meaning of doctors' holistic and sophisticated practice, six kinds of learning milestones of doctors' moral accomplishment are identified and then integrated as a whole within the notion of ethics as empowerment. I argue that by developing various kinds of knowledge, reasoning, skill, competency, habituation, and attributes, doctors can balance between the global and the local, the ideal and the practical, the thinking and the doing. However, such theoretical framework is not proposed for direct generalisation, but for demonstrating the richness of doctors' learning In ethics. To further translate the aforementioned sophisticated learning model into a teaching strategy, I first concentrate on the issues of doctors' power, knowledge, and role. I then argue that doctors' power can be self-limiting by inspiring them with moral philosophy so that a reflective ethical understanding can be gained. I also argue that doctors' knowledge can be holistic by equipping them with academic reasoning capacity. I finally argue that doctors' role can be communal by empowering them with explicit professional duties so that their commitment to patients' welfare can be fulfilled. My thesis offers an alternative perspective, which I argue is practical and holistic, for local practitioners, teachers, and policy-makers to embrace the arising global, multi-disciplinary, and reasoning-based medical ethics.
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Manana, Jabulile Vuyiswa. "Identification of commonly used traditional medicines by planar chromatography for quality control purposes." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28107.
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Lintonsson, Ruth. "Quantification of Canine muscle volume with Computed Tomography for diagnostic and scientific purpose." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-50799.
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Kettle, Nancy M. "Informed consent: its origins, purpose, problems, and limits [electronic resource] / by Nancy M. Kettle." University of South Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Title from PDF of title page.Document formatted into pages; contains 165 pages.
Thesis (M.A.)--University of South Florida, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references.
Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format.
ABSTRACT: The doctrine of informed consent, defined as respect for autonomy, is the tool used to govern the relationship between physicians and patients. Its framework relies on rights and duties that mark these relationships. The main purpose of informed consent is to promote human rights and dignity. Some researchers claim that informed consent has successfully replaced patients&softsign; historical predispositions to accept physicians' advice without much explicit resistance.
Although the doctrine of informed consent promotes ideals worth pursuing, a successful implementation of these ideals in practice has yet to occur. What has happened in practice is that attorneys, physicians, and hospital administrators often use consent forms mainly to protect physicians and medical facilities from liability. Consequently, ethicists, legal theorists, and physicians need to do much more to explain how human rights and human dignity relate to the practice of medicine and how the professionals can promote them in practice.
This is especially important because patients' vulnerability has increased just as the complexity and power of medical science and technology have increased. Certain health care practices can shed light on the difficulties of implementing the doctrine of informed consent and explain why it is insufficient to protect patients' rights and dignity. Defining a normal biological event as a disease, and routinely prescribing hormone drug therapy to menopausal women for all health conditions related to menopause, does not meet the standards of free informed consent.
Clinicians provide insufficient disclosure about risks related to long-term use of hormone therapies and about the absence of solid evidence to support their bias toward hormone therapies as a treatment of choice for menopause related health conditions. The contributing problem is women's failure to act as autonomous agents because they either choose not to take an active part in their own therapy or because they fear to question physicians' medical authority. To insure that patients' autonomy and free choice are a part of every physician-patient interaction, physicians and patients need actively to promote them as values that are absolutely indispensable in physicians' offices, clinics, and hospitals.
System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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Angelis, Aris Nikolaos. "Multiple criteria decision analysis for assessing the value of new medical technologies : researching, developing and applying a new value framework for the purpose of health technology assessment." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3742/.
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Introduction: Current evaluation approaches for new medical technologies are problematic for a plethora of reasons relating to measuring their expected costs and consequences, but also due to hurdles in turning assessed information into coverage decisions. Most adopted methodologies focus on a limited number of value dimensions, despite the fact that the value of new medicines is multi-dimensional in nature. Explicit elicitation of social value tradeoffs is not possible and decision-makers may adopt intuitive or heuristic modes for simplification purposes, based on ad hoc procedures that might lead to arbitrary decisions. Objectives: The objective of the present thesis is to develop and empirically test a methodological framework that can be used to assess the overall value of new medical technologies by explicitly capturing multiple aspects of value while allowing for their tradeoffs, through the incorporation of decision-makers’ preferences in a structured and transparent way. The research hypothesis is that Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) can provide a methodological option for the evaluation of new medicines in the context of Health Technology Assessment (HTA), to support decision-making and contribute to more efficient resource allocation. Methods and Empirical Evidence: The first paper proposes a conceptual methodological process, based on multi-attribute value theory (MAVT) methods comprising five distinct phases, outlining the stages involved in each phase and discusses their relevance in the HTA context. The second paper conducts a systematic literature review and expert consultation in order to investigate the practices, processes and policies of value-assessment for new medicines across eight European countries and identifies the evaluation criteria employed and how these inform coverage recommendations as part of HTA. The third paper develops a MAVT value framework for HTA, incorporating a generic value tree for new medicines composed from different levels of criteria that fall under five value domains (i.e. therapeutic, safety, burden of disease, innovation and socio-economic), together with a selection of scoring, weighting and aggregating techniques. In the fourth and fifth papers, the value framework is tested empirically by conducting two real-world case studies: in the first, the value tree is adapted for the evaluation of second-line biological treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients having received prior oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy; in the second, the value tree is conditioned for the evaluation of third-line treatments for metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients having received prior docetaxel chemotherapy. Both case studies were informed by decision conferences with relevant expert panels. In the mCRC decision conference multiple stakeholders participated reflecting the composition of the English National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) technology appraisal committees, whereas in the mCRPC decision conference a group of evaluators participated from the Swedish Dental and Pharmaceutical Benefits Agency (TLV), thereby adopting the TLV decision-making perspective. Policy Implications: The value scores produced from the MCDA process reflect a more comprehensive benefit metric that embeds the preferences of stakeholders and decisionsmakers across a number of explicit evaluation criteria. The incorporation of alternative treatments’ purchasing costs can then be used to derive incremental cost value ratios based on which the treatments can be ranked on ‘value-for-money’ grounds, reflecting their incremental cost relative to incremental value. Conclusion: The MCDA value framework developed can aid HTA decision-makers by allowing them to explicitly consider multiple criteria and their relative importance, enabling them to understand and incorporate their own preferences and value trade-offs in a constructed and transparent way. It can be turned into a flexible decision tool for resource allocation purposes in the coverage of new medicines by payers but could also be adapted for other decision-making contexts along their development, regulation and use.
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Oliver, del Olmo Sònia. "Análisis contrastivo español/inglés de la atenuación retórica en el discurso médico: el artículo de investigación y el caso clínico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7582.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La presente tesis doctoral tiene como propósito el estudio del fenómeno sociopragmático llamado atenuación retórica (hedging en inglés) en dos géneros distintos del discurso médico escrito: los artículos de investigación científica y los informes de caso o casos médicos. Con este fin se examina un corpus de ambos géneros escritos en español y en inglés (L2) por científicos españoles y publicados en revistas científicas de prestigio en el campo de la biomedicina . Se comparan los resultados obtenidos del análisis del corpus con los obtenidos por otros autores con muestras lingüísticas escritas en inglés. El trabajo, pues, consiste en un análisis interlingüístico e intergenérico de la atenuación retórica en el discurso médico. Un interés particular que presenta la tesis reside en las aplicaciones pedagógicas que tiene para los profesores de enseñanza de idiomas con fines específicos (LFE).La present tesi doctoral té com a objectiu l'estudi del fenòmen sociopragmàtic anomenat atenuació retòrica (hedging en anglès) en dos gèneres diferents del discurs mèdic escrit: els articles d' investigació científica i els informes de cas o casos mèdics. Amb aquesta finalitat s' examina un corpus en ambdós gèneres escrits en espanyol i en anglès (L2) per cientifics espanyols i publicats en revistes científiques de prestigi en el camp de la biomedicina . Es comparen els resultats obtinguts de l'anàlisis del corpus amb els obtinguts per altres autors amb mostres lingüístiques escrites en anglès. El treball, doncs, consisteix en una anàlisi interlingüística i intergenèrica de la atenuació retòrica en el discurs mèdic. Un interès particular que presenta la tesis resideix en les aplicacions pedagògiques que té pels professors d' ensenyament d' idiomes per a finalitats específiques (LFE).
This PhD aims at studying the sociopragmatic phenomenon called hedging in two different genres of the written medical discourse: the research article and the case report. Therefore, a corpus of these two genres is examined both in Spanish and in English (L2). Being all texts written by Spanish scientists and published in scientific journals of prestige in the biomedical field . The results obtained in the corpus analysis are then compared to the ones obtained by other authors with similar linguistic samples written in English. This thesis, hence, consists of itergeneric and interlinguistic analyses of hedging in medical disourse. A special interest of this research project may lay in the pedagogical applications for teachers of languages for specific purposes (LSP).
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Kudlíková, Marie. "Design skládacího multifunkčního lékařského boxu pro očkování v terénu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228375.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis engage in design of outdoor multifunctional madical box for vaccination. It´s a mobile rear specified firstly for humanitarian missions and for resolution of current inconvenient conditions. Its multifunctionality consist in a transport of necessary supply, in a possibility of siting of medics and pacients, in satisfactory stacking area and in possibility of networking. Many things are compact in this project. mobility with sufficiency of space, simplicity with variability, weight with stability as well as shaping with acceptable financial expenses.
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Rist, Petra Maria. "Steuergestaltung durch Nutzung des internationalen Steuergefälles : Analyse der Bedingungen und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten im Rahmen einer Finanzierung über ein special purpose vehicle /." Düsseldorf : IDW-Verl, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016155065&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Howe, Elizabeth. "The role of social media in cultural relations : an analysis of whether the British Council's social media strategy coheres with the organisation's core purpose." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2016. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q094x/the-role-of-social-media-in-cultural-relations-an-analysis-of-whether-the-british-council-s-social-media-strategy-coheres-with-the-organisation-s-core-purpose.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2010, in response to the announcement that the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) would be reducing the annual grant given to the British Council, the organisation announced it would increase its virtual presence. This thesis examines the organisation’s new social media strategy and evaluates whether it is aligned with the British Council’s core purposes. Using case study analysis, three British Council country office social media channels are reviewed. The analysis is informed by a table of components that are used to evaluate the British Council’s social media. These components and subsequent presentation of results were constructed through research carried out on the British Council, social media and the theoretical perspective of Alexander Vuving’s soft power currencies. Through studying the organisation’s approach to building trust and making relationships worldwide, and also placing the organisation into the context of a contributor to UK “soft power”, this research explores the role this modern means of communication has for a cultural relations organisation.
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Brakensiek, Sonja. "Bilanzneutrale Finanzierungsinstrumente in der internationalen und nationalen Rechnungslegung : die Abbildung von Leasing, Asset-Backet-Securities-Transaktionen und Special Purpose Entities im Konzernabschluss /." Herne [u.a.] : Verl. Neue Wirtschafts-Briefe, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009538508&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Garris, Bill R., and Amy J. Weber. "Putting the Patient Back in Patient Care: Health Decision-Making from the Patient’s Perspective." NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol23/iss2/1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research explored health decision-making processes among people recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Our analysis suggested that diagnosis with type 2 was followed by a period of intense emotional and cognitive disequilibrium. Subsequently, the informants were observed to proceed to health decision-making which was affected by three separate and interrelated factors: knowledge, self-efficacy, and purpose. Knowledge included cognitive or factual components and emotional elements. Knowledge influenced the degree of upset or disequilibrium the patient experienced, and affected a second category, agency: the informants’ confidence in their ability to enact lifestyle changes. The third factor, purpose, summarized the personal and deeply held reasons people gave as they made decisions concerning their health, eating and exercising. We propose this model, grounded in informant stories, as a heuristic, to guide further inquiry. From these stories, the patient is seen as more active and the interrelated influences of knowledge, agency, and purpose, synergistically interact to explain changes in health behaviors.
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Machado, Mariana de Abreu. "Cuidados paliativos e a construção da identidade médica paliativista no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2329.
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Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2009O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em investigar o processo de construção da identidade profissional de médicos que se dedicam à assistência a pacientes que apresentam doenças progressivas e ameaçadoras da continuidade existencial e que têm contribuído para o desenvolvimento dos Cuidados Paliativos no Brasil. Buscamos conhecer a trajetória profissional destes médicos desde a escolha da medicina como profissão até o encontro com a filosofia e a prática dos Cuidados Paliativos. Com este intuito, realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas,colhidas segundo a metodologia de História Oral de Vida. Foram entrevistados seis médicos de diferentes especialidades que ocupam cargos diretivos em uma das associações profissionais voltadas para a disseminação e legitimação política e social dos Cuidados Paliativos no Brasil. Os depoentes se destacam no cenário nacional no que diz respeito às discussões sobre esta temática e mantêm contato com importantes instituições internacionais. Por esta razão, chamamos o conjunto de entrevistados de elite médica paliativista. Percebemos uma pobre interlocução entre os médicos paliativistas, o que se reflete na ausência de uma identidade integrada desse grupo profissional. Os entrevistados acentuaram as competências humanitárias necessárias ao bom exercício da Medicina Paliativa, mas, no entanto, não foram explicitadas as competências específicas a este campo profissional, que justificariam seu reconhecimento pelas entidades médicas competentes comouma nova área de atuação ou especialidade.
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Fenollosa, Artés Felip. "Contribució a l'estudi de la impressió 3D per a la fabricació de models per facilitar l'assaig d'operacions quirúrgiques de tumors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667421.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de modelos personalizados. Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria, el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos. El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución. Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.
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Dudzik, Agnieszka. "Course Planning and Syllabus Design in the Teaching of English for Medical Purposes." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/2187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present dissertation seeks to examine critically the process of course planning in the teaching of English for Medical Purposes. More specifically, the research objective is to design a medical English course syllabus that addresses the needs of Polish medical graduates. To this aim, a triangulated needs analysis comprising three stages has been used. In Stage One of the research, undergraduate medical students have been sampled at the beginning of their tertiary education. Stage Two of the study has focused on the English language needs demonstrated by medical students in years 3-6 of their MD degree programme. The results of Stage One and Stage Two have been confronted with the data provided by practising medical doctors representing a variety of professional contexts in Stage Three of the study. Przedstawiona praca doktorska miała na celu (1) zaprezentowanie teoretycznych podstaw planowania kursów i konstruowania programów nauczania specjalistycznego języka angielskiego dla potrzeb medycyny i ich krytyczną analizę, (2) przedstawienie przebiegu i wyników trzystopniowego badania mającego na celu identyfikację potrzeb językowych w zakresie j. angielskiego studentów medycyny oraz praktykujących lekarzy, (3) opracowanie, w oparciu o zaprezentowane wyniki badania, modelu programu nauczania języka angielskiego dla celów medycznych dopasowanego do potrzeb studentów i absolwentów wydziałów lekarskich uczelni medycznych oraz (4) sformułowanie sugestii pod adresem konstruktorów programów nauczania języka medycznego w zakresie planowania kursów. Praca podzielona jest na dwie części. W części teoretycznej omówiony został historyczny zarys kształtowania się glottodydaktyki specjalistycznej oraz poszczególne etapy planowania kursów języka specjalistycznego i tworzenia programów nauczania. Ponadto zdefiniowane zostały kompetencje niezbędne w pracy lekarza skoncentrowanego na pacjencie. Część pierwsza rozprawy uwydatnia także wybrane pojęcia teoretyczne dotyczące komunikacji medycznej oraz specyfikę nauczania EMP. Część empiryczna pracy zawiera prezentację analizy ilościowej i jakościowej wyników trzech etapów badania empirycznego. Pierwsze dwa etapy skoncentrowane były na przeanalizowaniu oczekiwań przyszłych lekarzy wobec kursu języka angielskiego dla celów medycznych oraz uzyskaniu informacji na temat tego, jak zmienia się postrzeganie potrzeb językowych w trakcie studiów medycznych. Wyniki tej analizy zostały skonfrontowane w trzecim etapie badania z potrzebami językowymi wyrażanymi przez czynnych zawodowo lekarzy.
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Andrade, Maria Helena Azevedo Teixeira de. ""Leishmania spp. Infection Model Optimization for Drug Discovery Purposes"." Dissertação, 2010. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/81441.
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Andrade, Maria Helena Azevedo Teixeira de. ""Leishmania spp. Infection Model Optimization for Drug Discovery Purposes"." Master's thesis, 2010. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/81441.
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Cheng, Anh-Dao M. "Optic nerve atrophy: a comparison of two imaging modalities to evaluate their sensitivity for diagnostic purposes." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/23757.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of MRI as a diagnostic tool by comparing it to OCT in patients with suspected optic nerve atrophy. Currently, MRI is an established noninvasive imaging modality for tumors and inflammatory tissues; however their use in optic nerve atrophy is limited to advanced cases. Our study investigates the use of OCT, a more sensitive imaging modality, compared to MRI as a potential adjunct to the clinical diagnosis of optic nerve atrophy.
METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 27 medical records (40 eyes) of patients with suspected optic nerve atrophy referred to the Neuro-ophthalmology Clinic of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (2009-2016) who had both MR imaging of the orbits and SD-OCT scans. Based on the RNFL thickness obtained from OCT scans, optic atrophy was defined as border, mild, moderate, or severe. MRIs were used to measure the optic nerve area, optic nerve diameter and sheath area of all eyes. From there, the ratio of optic nerve area to sheath area, percent difference in optic nerve diameters in a patient and percent difference in optic nerve areas in a patient were determined.
RESULTS: As atrophy worsens, the optic nerve area and sheath area seem to steadily decline. The ratio between the two seems to remain constant (0.27) regardless of degree of atrophy. Focusing on unilateral patients, the percent difference in optic nerve area with mild optic atrophy seemed minimal (14%). It becomes more significant in moderate and severe atrophy cases (56.06% and 26.18% respectively). Overall, there does not seem to be a strong correlation between MRI measurements and OCT RNFL values.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, a strong correlation was not found between MRI measurements and OCT RNFL thickness values. While a general trend existed, there was too much variation to determine cut off points for atrophy based solely on the measurement of a single eye. MRI may be useful in identifying severe and moderate optic nerve atrophy especially in unilateral patients. Once the RNFL thins to about 70 μm, the difference in size is detectable on MRI. For all cases of mild optic atrophy and bilateral moderate atrophy, OCT remains a more reliable imaging diagnostic. Changes in nerve size appear minimal compared to a healthy human. The optic nerve sheath was also shown to decrease in size in cases of atrophy. Future studies with a larger sample size are needed to produce more conclusive results.
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Cho, Sylvia. "Data Quality Assessment for the Secondary Use of Person-Generated Wearable Device Data: Assessing Self-Tracking Data for Research Purposes." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-jcmb-gw93.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Quantified Self movement has led to an increased routine use of consumer wearables, generating large amounts of person-generated wearable device data. This has become an opportunity to researchers to conduct research with large-scale person-generated wearable device data without having to collect data in a costly and time-consuming way. However, there are known challenges of wearable device data such as missing data or inaccurate data which raises the need to assess the quality of data before conducting research. Currently, there is a lack of in-depth understanding on data quality challenges of using person-generated wearable device data for research purposes, and how data quality assessment should be conducted. Data quality assessment could be especially a burden to those without the domain knowledge on a specific data type, which might be the case for emerging biomedical data sources.
The goal of this dissertation is to advance the knowledge on data quality challenges and assessment of person-generated wearable device data and facilitate data quality assessment for those without the domain knowledge on the emerging data type. The dissertation consists of two aims: (1) identifying data quality dimensions important for assessing the quality of person-generated wearable device data for research purposes, (2) designing and evaluating an interactive data quality characterization tool that supports researchers in assessing the fitness-for-use of fitness tracker data. In the first aim, a multi-method approach was taken, conducting literature review, survey, and focus group discussion sessions.
We found that intrinsic data quality dimensions applicable to electronic health record data such as conformance, completeness, and plausibility are applicable to person-generated wearable device data. In addition, contextual/fitness-for-use dimensions such as breadth and density completeness, and temporal data granularity were identified given the fact that our focus was on assessing data quality for research purposes. In the second aim, we followed an iterative design process from understanding informational needs to designing a prototype, and evaluating the usability of the final version of a tool. The tool allows users to customize the definition of data completeness (fitness-for-use measures), and provides data summarization on the cohort that meets that definition. We found that the interactive tool that incorporates fitness-for-use measures and allows customization on data completeness, can support assessing fitness-for-use assessment more accurately and in less time than a tool that only presents information on intrinsic data quality measures.
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Pereira, Mariana Machado. "Metabolomic studies for the toxicity evaluation of nanoparticles used for biomedical purposes." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130638.
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Pereira, Mariana Machado. "Metabolomic studies for the toxicity evaluation of nanoparticles used for biomedical purposes." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130638.
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Workman, Michael L. "Can Health Workers capture data using a generic mobile phone with sufficient accuracy for Capture at Source to be used for Clinical Research Purposes?" Thesis, 2013. http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000936/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective:
To determine the accuracy, measured by error rate, with which Clinical Research Workers (CRWs), with minimal experience in data entry, could capture data on a feature phone during an interview using two different mobile phone applications, compared to the accuracy with which they could record data on paper Case Report Forms (CRFs).
Design:
A comparative study was performed where 10 participating CRWs performed 90 mock interviews using either paper CRFs or one of two mobile phone applications. The phone applications were a commonly used open source application and an application custom built for this study that followed a simplified, less flexible user interface paradigm. The answers to the interview questions were randomly generated and provided to the interviewees in sealed envelopes prior to the scheduling of the mock interview. Error rates of the captured data were calculated relative to the randomly generated expected answers.
Results and Conclusion:
The study aimed to show that error rates of clinical research data captured using a mobile phone application would not be inferior to data recorded on paper CRFs. For the custom application, this desired result was not found unequivocally. An error in judgment when designing the custom phone application resulted in dates being captured in a manner unfamiliar to the study participants, leading to high error rates for this type of data. If this error is condoned by excluding the date type from the results for the custom application, the custom application is shown to be non-inferior, at the 95% confidence level, to standard paper forms when capturing data for clinical research.
Analysis of the results for the open source application showed that using this application for data capture was inferior to paper CRFs. Secondary analysis showed that error rates for data captured on the custom mobile phone application by non-computer literate users were significantly lower at the 95% confidence level than the error rates for data recorded by the same users on paper and for data captured by computer literate users using the custom application. This result confirms that even non-computer literate users can capture data accurately using a feature phone with a simplified user interface.
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Costa, Sérgio Emanuel da Silva Pimenta. "Laser microdissection in Forensic Biology. Improving cell detection, recovery and DNA amplification for genetic profiling purposes." Tese, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/123083.
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Costa, Sérgio Emanuel da Silva Pimenta. "Laser microdissection in Forensic Biology. Improving cell detection, recovery and DNA amplification for genetic profiling purposes." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/123083.
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Rodrigues, Sandra Sofia Mota. "Development of Chemo-Sensing Schemes Based on Analyte-Triggered Modulation of CdTe Quantum Dots Photoluminescence for Analytical Purposes." Tese, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78761.
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Rodrigues, Sandra Sofia Mota. "Development of Chemo-Sensing Schemes Based on Analyte-Triggered Modulation of CdTe Quantum Dots Photoluminescence for Analytical Purposes." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78761.
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Shapiro, Michelle. "HIV testing for insurance purposes : a multi-faceted exploration of the clients' experience and aspects of current practice." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
HIV testing is required for life assurance applications. A written information document distributed at blood collection (venisection) serves as pre-test preparation. This study reviewed the adequacy of the document and explored possible alternative arrangements, by means of three research phases conducted at the point of venisection. Phase 1 used a specifically designed questionnaire which included a demographic section and questions assessing the applicant's appraisal of being adequately prepared, and their understanding and experience of testing. Constructed measures established their state of anxiety at testing and their range of information about HIV/AIDS. Phase 2 consisted of a counselling intervention, followed by the questionnaire used in Phase 1. Phase 3 consisted of semi-structured interviews with nursing personnel and insurance brokers. The phase 1 results indicated that the majority of applicants knew they were having an HIV test, did not feel coerced, had a moderate level of information about HIV and were not overly anxious at testing. The level of information about HIV/AIDS showed a significant correlation with their level of education, and the information document emerged as inadequate preparation. Answers given in Phase 2 differed qualitatively from those in Phase 1. Greater consideration of the impact of a positive result was shown, with increased concern about the implications for other people and anticipated acceptance of a positive result emerged in Phase 2. The personnel interviewed for Phase 3 indicated that they felt ill equipped to offer pre-test preparation.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.
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Cockerill, Jacqueline Anne. "Teaching non Zulu-speaking medical students to communicate with Zulu- speaking patients in the out-patients department : the formulation and rationale of a Zulu for specific purposes (ZSP) second language syllabus for the medical consultation setting." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3044.
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Wang, Triumph, and 王存福. "Civil Liability Research in Elective Medical Treatment for Cosmetic Purpose." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38598366167297868200.
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Chen, Wei-Lin, and 陳韋霖. "Circuit Design for Medical Purpose with Bluetooth and Solar Power Harvesting System." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c7p6v9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
機械工程系機電整合碩士班
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This study can be divided in to three parts, the goal of this three are to develop a low cost and low power consumption devices, but also can be customize with multi-purposes, by combining Bluetooth and solar energy harvesting, it makes power self-sufficient system achievable. The first part is to design an all in one device that’s capable of measuring physiological signals, such as glucose, uric and lactate; the architecture of this is based on potentiostat, it’s able to measure and convert physiological signals in to voltage, also, the use of digital potentiometer is to change the stimulation voltage with corresponding target, then the data will be send out by Bluetooth and using interpolation to acquire concentration of the target. As for part two, we use instrument amplifier and filter to accomplish a non-invasive multi-channel surface Electromyography measuring device, in order to lower the cost and shrink down the size of the device, a same analog front end circuit was used to process the signals form deferent positive poles. The last part is a combination of Bluetooth and solar power harvesting, the power source is always an issue on IoT applications, so in this part, we’ll utilize thin film DSC solar cell and energy harvesting chip to provide sustainable power for a long period of time, it’s even possible to balance between harvested power and system consumption by harvesting indoor light, instead of sun lights.
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Νικολαΐδης, Νικόλαος. "DatAssist : the development of a portable multi-purpose medical data acquisition system." Thesis, 2010. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/3816.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Κατά τη διάρκεια τόσο των ιατρικών διεργασιών μέσα στο νοσοκομείο – όπως των απλών τεστ που διενεργούνται στους ασθενείς, αλλά και των πιο περίπλοκων διεργασιών των μεταμοσχεύσεων και των χειρουργείων, όσο και των in vitro τεστ, διάφορες παράμετροι πρέπει συνεχώς να μετρούνται και να απεικονίζονται, για παράδειγμα η πίεση, η ροή και η θερμοκρασία του αίματος και των ειδικών διαλυμάτων διατήρησης των οργάνων που χρησιμοποιούνται κατά τη διάρκεια των μεταμοσχεύσεων. Η πίεση και η ροή του αίματος καθώς και η θερμοκρασία του σώματος, ως πολύ σημαντικές φυσιολογικές παράμετροι που είναι, πρέπει να μετρούνται με τη μέγιστη δυνατή ακρίβεια έτσι ώστε να δίνεται συνεχώς μια σαφής εικόνα της λειτουργίας του ανθρωπίνου σώματος. Μέχρι τώρα, οι μετρήσεις αυτών των παραμέτρων διενεργούνταν από ξεχωριστές μονάδες μέτρησης και επιπλέον από ξεχωριστά συστήματα ανάκτησης δεδομένων (Data Acquisition Systems), με αποτέλεσμα το αυξημένο κόστος λειτουργίας και την αύξηση της περιπλοκότητας των μετρήσεων για τον χρήστη.
Το DatAssist δημιουργήθηκε επάνω στην ιδέα ανάπτυξης ενός φορητού συστήματος μετρήσεων με ενσωματωμένη επεξεργασία των δεδομένων μέτρησης, το οποίο θα έχει τη δυνατότητα απεικόνισης όλων των φυσιολογικών παραμέτρων που αναλύθηκαν παραπάνω. Επιπλέον, θα έχει τη δυνατότητα αποθήκευσης όλων των δεδομένων για περαιτέρω ανάλυση. Το DatAssist σκοπεύει να παρέχει ακριβείς μετρήσεις, ευκολία στη χρήση και καθαρή πληροφόρηση για τις μετρούμενες παραμέτρους στην οθόνη. Επιπρόσθετα ο σχεδιασμός του έγινε έτσι ώστε να έχει το λιγότερο δυνατό βάρος για να μπορεί να μετακινείται εύκολα κατά την διάρκεια ιατρικών εφαρμογών. Το DatAssist σχεδιάστηκε με βάση το πρότυπο IEC 60601-1:2005 και σκοπεύει να αποτελέσει ένα πολυκάναλο σύστημα με ευκολία εισαγωγής επιπρόσθετων στοιχείων στο εσωτερικό του, το οποίο θα χρησιμοποιηθεί από την Organ Assist B.V. Netherlands, spin-off εταιρίας του University Medical Centre Groningen, για λογαριασμό της οποίας σχεδιάστηκε στα πλαίσια της παρούσας εργασίας.
Η επιδιωκόμενη χρήση της μονάδας είναι αρχικά η χρήση της για εργαστηριακά πειράματα σε ζώα, στα πλαίσια των τεστ λειτουργίας που διενεργεί η Organ Assist B.V. Netherlands στις δικές της συσκευές. Στο μέλλον, θα χρησιμοποιηθεί σε κλινικές έρευνες και κατά τη διάρκεια μεταμοσχεύσεων και χειρουργείων. Η πίεση και η ροή του αίματος, καθώς και η θερμοκρασία του σώματος και των οργάνων θα μετριέται με τη χρήση αναλώσιμων ή εύκολα αποστειρώσιμων αισθητήρων, ειδικών για ιατρικές μετρήσεις.
Πιο αναλυτικά, το σύστημα παρέχει συνδέσεις με δύο αισθητήρες πίεσης, δύο αισθητήρες θερμοκρασίας (ένα Θερμοζεύγος και έναν τύπου NTC), έναν αισθητήρα ροής και επίσης έχει μια υποδοχή BNC για μέτρηση και απεικόνιση εξωτερικών σημάτων από άλλες ιατρικές συσκευές. Υπάρχει επίσης η δυνατότητα σύνδεσης περισσότερων αισθητήρων ανάλογα με τις ανάγκες του εκάστοτε χρήστη. Το σύστημα τροφοδοτείται από μια χαμηλή DC τάση μέσω ενός AC/DC Adapter, και με αυτόν τον τρόπο παρέχει τόσο ασφάλεια στον χρήστη από ηλεκτροπληξία η οποία προκαλείται από την υψηλή AC τάση, όσο και αποφυγή καταστροφής των ηλεκτρικών εξαρτημάτων της συσκευής.
Ο σχεδιασμός του DatAssist βασίστηκε στις απαιτήσεις της Organ Assist B.V. με βάση την κάλυψη των αναγκών των βασικών χρηστών της συσκευής, όπως των χειρούργων και των χειριστών ιατρικών μηχανημάτων. Οι απαιτήσεις των τελευταίων συνοψίστηκαν σε εφτά γενικές προϋποθέσεις (σε μια Λίστα Προϋποθέσεων η οποία αναλύεται εκτενώς στο 2ο κεφάλαιο της παρούσας εργασίας) που αποτέλεσαν και τις προϋποθέσεις που το μηχάνημα καλούταν να καλύπτει: εγκυρότητα, ποιότητα, ασφάλεια, ευκολία χρήσης, ευκολία μετακίνησης, χαμηλό κόστος κατασκευής και χρήση εξαρτημάτων πιστοποιημένων κατά CE. Επιπλέον, τρεις ακόμη προϋποθέσεις λήφθηκαν υπόψη για τον σχεδιασμό των διαφόρων εξαρτημάτων της συσκευής: ευκολία αποστείρωσης, ευκολία εισαγωγής επιπρόσθετων εξαρτημάτων και δυνατότητα χρήσης των τελευταίων τόσο στο αίμα όσο και μέσα σε διαλύματα.
Οι πιο σημαντικές λειτουργίες που καλείται να επιτελέσει το DatAssist είναι: η ανίχνευση των φυσικών παραμέτρων (πίεσης, θερμοκρασίας και ροής) από τους αισθητήρες, η ενίσχυση των αναλογικών σημάτων εισόδου των αισθητήρων, η επεξεργασία και η ψηφιοποίηση των ενισχυμένων σημάτων, η τελική επεξεργασία των ψηφιακών σημάτων από έναν υπολογιστή και τελικά η συνεχής απεικόνιση των σημάτων σε μια οθόνη monitor με την βοήθεια ενός προγράμματος Software (LabView 8.5).
Για καθεμία από τις παραπάνω λειτουργίες ακολουθήθηκε μια συγκεκριμένη διαδικασία για να ορίσει τον σχεδιασμό της υλοποίησής της. Αυτή η διαδικασία είχε ως αποτέλεσμα την επιλογή των εξαρτημάτων που θα χρησιμοποιηθούν στην τελική συσκευή, έπειτα από μια αξιολόγηση των υποψήφιων εξαρτημάτων, για κάθε λειτουργία βασισμένη στην εκπλήρωση των προαναφερθέντων προϋποθέσεων, με τη χρήση της κλίμακας 1-10 (1-μη εκπλήρωση, 10-πλήρης εκπλήρωση).
Επιπρόσθετα, για κάθε στάδιο του σχεδιασμού που ορίζεται από τις προαναφερ-θείσες λειτουργίες, αναπτύχθηκε ένα λειτουργικό μοντέλο (functional model) το οποίο περιείχε τον τελικό σχεδιασμό του κάθε σταδίου, καθώς και ένα τεστ που μετράει την λειτουργικότητα του κάθε σταδίου, την εγκυρότητα, το σφάλμα και μια εκτίμηση της ακρίβειας των μετρήσεων.
Τελικά, η εργασία είχε ως αποτέλεσμα την κατασκευή ενός πρωτοτύπου του DatAssist βασισμένο στον σχεδιασμό που αποφασίστηκε και εγκρίθηκε από την Organ Assist B.V., το οποίο ικανοποιεί τις προϋποθέσεις που αναλύονται στην Λίστα των Προϋποθέσεων (List of Requirements). Το πρωτότυπο αυτό στη συνέχεια ελέγχεται όσον αφορά την ακρίβεια των μετρήσεων και την ικανοποίηση της Λίστας των Προϋποθέσεων .
Έτσι, αυτή η εργασία είχε ως τελικό αποτέλεσμα την σχεδίαση ενός εγκύρου, εύκολα αποστειρώσιμου, φορητού, εύκολου στη χρήση, ασφαλούς για τον χρήστη πολυχρηστικού συστήματος μέτρησης ιατρικών δεδομένων με κόστος δημιουργίας και μετέπειτα πώλησης λιγότερο από 3000 €.During both inside the hospital medical procedures-from simple patient tests to more sophisticated procedures such as transplantations and surgeries, and laboratory or animal testing, several parameters have to be measured and monitored i.e. pressure, flow and temperature of blood and of the perfusion solution during transplantations. Since blood pressure, blood flow and body temperature have shown to be important physiological parameters, they have to be measured and registered accurately in order to monitor the functioning of the human body. Up to now, these measurements had to be performed with separate measuring units and separate data acquisition systems and thus with increased cost and resulting to a complicated measuring procedure for the user. The idea of the DatAssist project is to develop a portable measuring system with integrated data acquisition that is able to monitor and display all these physiological parameters and save them for later analysis for Organ Assist -a spin-off company of the University Medical Centre Groningen. DatAssist will provide accurate measurements, it will be easy to use and give clear information about the measured parameters in the monitor. It will also be as much light-weighted as it can in order to be easy to move during medical applications. DatAssist intends to be a modular multi-channel system and is going to be designed according to IEC 60601-1:2005 regulations. The intended use of the unit is primary for animal and laboratory experiments. In the future the unit will be used for clinical studies in the hospital and while transplantations or surgeries. Blood flow and pressure and body temperature will be measured non-invasively or using disposable transducers. More analytically the system will provide connections with a pressure sensor, two temperature sensors (Thermocouple and NTC), a flow sensor and moreover it will have a BNC Connector for measuring external signals from other medical devices. These are the basic connections but there will be a possibility of having more connectors and sensors according to the needs of the several customers. It will be powered by a low DC voltage through an AC/DC Adapter, and in that way it will provide electrical safety to the user against the hazards that can be caused by the high AC Voltages, as long as safety against damage of the electrical components of the device. The design of DatAssist will be based on the stakeholders such as surgeons, perfusionists and Organ Assist. Their preferences have been summarized in seven general requirements: reliability, quality, safety, ease of use, portability, purchase costs and CE Certified components. Moreover three more requirements were taken into account for the design of the several components: sterility (easy to sterilize components), modularity and ability of components to be used both inside blood and inside solutions. A function analysis demonstrated the most important functions of the DatAssist: sensing of the physical parameters (Pressure, Temperature, Flow), amplification of the analog input signal of the sensors, signal conditioning of the amplified signal, integration and processing of the digital signals with the help of a computer and display of the signal values in a monitor with the use of a Software program and a User interface. For each function, a certain procedure have been developed for defining its planning of implementation. This has resulted in the decision for which components to use in the final device after a scoring evaluation of the candidate components for each function based in their fulfillment to the mentioned above requirements. Additionally for each stage of the design defined by the functions, a functional model has been developed containing the final design of each stage and a test measuring its functionality and the reliability of measurements, as well as error measurements and an accuracy of the measurements estimation. Finally, a prototype of the DatAssist was engineered based on a design decided by the stakeholders having in mind to comply with the List of Requirements. This prototype is going to be tested for its accuracy of the measurements and evaluated according to its fulfillment of the list of requirements. With this study a proven reliable, sterile, portable, easy to use, safe for the user multi purpose medical Data Acquisition System is designed which can be purchased for less than €3000.
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Kettle, Nancy M. "Informed consent : its origin, purpose, problems, and linits." 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000041.
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