Статті в журналах: "Mediator’s action"

1

Korybski, Andrzej. "Status prawny mediatora w postępowaniu mediacyjnym w sprawach cywilnych." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 27, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2018.27.3.143-162.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

<p>In statutory legal cultures, both the introduction of mediation into the legal order and the determination of the legal status of the mediator and his responsibility require legislative action. This is the situation of the Polish legal order. Mediation proceedings in civil cases were introduced into the Polish civil procedure in 2005, while in 2015 the mediation model in civil cases was substantially significantly amended. The mediator’s status has also changed as a result of the introduction of a new type of mediator – the so-called permanent mediator, and with a slightly different shaping of the legal liability of mediators. These changes were considered in the article. As a consequence, the reasons for the progressive professionalization of mediation activities have been strengthened.</p>

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Tan, Woan Sean, Palanisamy Arulselvan, Govindarajan Karthivashan та Sharida Fakurazi. "Moringa oleiferaFlower Extract Suppresses the Activation of Inflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages via NF-κB Pathway". Mediators of Inflammation 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/720171.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Aim of Study.Moringa oleiferaLam. (M. oleifera) possess highest concentration of antioxidant bioactive compounds and is anticipated to be used as an alternative medicine for inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of 80% hydroethanolic extract ofM. oleiferaflower on proinflammatory mediators and cytokines produced in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.Materials and Methods. Cell cytotoxicity was conducted by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was quantified through Griess reaction while proinflammatory cytokines and other key inflammatory markers were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting.Results. Hydroethanolic extract ofM. oleiferaflower significantly suppressed the secretion and expression of NO, prostaglandin E2(PGE2), interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). However, it significantly increased the production of IL-10 and IκB-α(inhibitor ofκB) in a concentration dependent manner (100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL).Conclusion. These results suggest that 80% hydroethanolic extract ofM. oleiferaflower has anti-inflammatory action related to its inhibition of NO, PGE2, proinflammatory cytokines, and inflammatory mediator’s production in LPS-stimulated macrophages through preventing degradation of IκB-αin NF-κB signaling pathway.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Tabernacka, Magdalena. "Mediatorzy i instytucje mediacyjne w otoczeniu administracji." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 111 (February 28, 2018): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.111.12.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

MEDIATORS AND MEDIATION BODIES SURROUNDED BY THE ENVIRONMENT ADMINISTRATIONSince 1 June 2017, mediations in administration have astatutory foundation in the provisions of the code of administrative proceedings. Mediator’s actions, which, according to Art. 96 of the code are to help parties to adispute to settle it amicably affect the administrative bodies’ jurisprudence. It can thus be expected that, as was the case with criminal and civil legal proceedings, mediators will become an indispensable part of the administrative office environment, and that mediation itself will influence the organizational culture of the public administration offices. Mediator, being the part of the environment of apublic institution, acts as alink between the organization and its specific and general surroundings. Their specific role should be considered from axiological and communicative as well as praxeological perspective. The conflicts in which public administration bodies are engaged due to their fulfilment of the law dictates the specificity of interactions between these bodies and their environment. This environment is highly dynamic, therefore mediators can be counted as the task environment for such bodies. Since it is not possible to predict all the factors influencing the body’s activity, such as the frequency with which different cases are filed, from the praxeological perspective the mediator’s participation in the court proceedings, as an organ operating outside the administrative structures, is justified.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Heinrichs, Arianne. "Mediator action." Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 18, no. 11 (November 2011): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2184.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Galanos, C., and M. A. Freudenberg. "Bacterial endotoxins: biological properties and mechanisms of action." Mediators of Inflammation 2, no. 7 (1993): S11—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0962935193000687.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) are agents of pathogenicity of Gram-negative bacteria, implicated in the development of Gram-negative shock. Endotoxin reacts with lipopolysaccharide-sensitive cells producing endogenous mediators such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Macrophages are cells mediating the toxic activities of LPS and TNFα is the primary mediator of the lethal action of endotoxin. This review article discusses the various mechanisms by which endotoxin hypersensitivity in bacteria-sensitized animals develops. The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible protective effect of carnitine congeners against the lethal action of LPS.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

MEZHENIN, Y. E., and A. M. SHEVYAKOVA. "CONSTRUCTIVE COMMUNICATIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INTERPERSONAL CONFLICTS IN THE MEDIATION PROCEDURE." Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 16, no. 1 (2021): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2071-2367-2021-16-1-44-56.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The purpose of the article is to consider the structure of mediation session and standardization of the mediation procedure in the management of interpersonal conflicts. The research methodology is based on the theory of conflict, which understands sociology, the narrative approach, as well as the fundamental scientific developments of sociology and psychology of conflict. In various approaches to the mediation procedure, caucus is regarded as a key stage, since it is it that has the greatest influence on the result of the entire negotiation procedure with the participation of a mediator. The authors describe several cases from the practice of mediation, focusing on the logic of the mediator's action. Case analysis demonstrates the complexity and multivariance of the behavior of the parties to the conflict. As a result of the systematization of practical experience, a number of problematic issues are formulated that require reflection by the mediator in order to predict and influence the situation of the conflict between the parties as efficiently as possible. Such a system of questions of the mediator to oneself allows providing a qualitative study of the conflict situation and building a constructive line of interaction between the parties to the conflict participating in the mediation procedure. As a result of forecasting problem situations, the use of answers to these questions will bring closer the possibility of negotiating a strategy of cooperation. A number of recommendations are offered to novice mediators for better work on the study of the conflict, planning its stages, forecasting and finding mutually acceptable solutions during the caucus stage.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Brooker, Penny. "Mediator immunity: time for evaluation in England and Wales?" Legal Studies 36, no. 3 (September 2016): 464–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12120.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In England and Wales, the issue of mediator immunity has not been considered by the courts or via legislation. Mediator immunity is constructed by analogy to that given to judges, but the role of the judiciary is different to that of mediators, who do not determine cases and, it is argued, do not require protection from litigation because the parties are responsible for the final settlement outcome. In Australia and the USA, mediators are usually provided with immunity in mandatory, ‘court-annexed’ programmes, although this varies from an absolute to a qualified level that is constrained by bad faith or dishonesty. In the English jurisdiction, mediation is court-connected and parties are dissuaded from accessing the courts through the risk of costs penalties or automatic referral schemes. Therefore, the time is opportune for a review of many issues involved in mediation development, including immunity. This paper considers the reasoning for extending immunity to mediators, before concluding that the subject should not be determined through legal action until after a comprehensive review of mediation developments and after a consideration of mediator standards and regulation of practice.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Cheng, K., and J. Larner. "Intracellular Mediators of Insulin Action." Annual Review of Physiology 47, no. 1 (October 1985): 405–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.47.030185.002201.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Gottschalk, W. Kirby, and Leonard Jarett. "Intracellular mediators of insulin action." Diabetes / Metabolism Reviews 1, no. 3 (1985): 229–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dmr.5610010302.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Ramon, Sesquile, Charles Serhan, and Richard Phipps. "Actions of novel inflammation-resolving lipid mediators on human B cells (84.9)." Journal of Immunology 184, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2010): 84.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.84.9.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract The resolution of inflammation is an active and dynamic process. Newly identified lipid mediators have been recognized as key players during the process of inflammation resolution. These lipid-derived molecules constitute three classes of compounds (lipoxins, resolvins and protectins), all derived from essential fatty acids. New data demonstrates that these lipid mediators regulate aspects of the immune response, including inhibition of neutrophil infiltration, reduction of T cell cytokine production and stimulation of macrophage phagocytic activity. However, their effects on B lymphocytes are unknown. We show for the first time that the novel lipid mediator lipoxin B4 and 17-HDHA increase the ability of normal human B cells to produce IgM and IgG when activated with CpG plus anti-IgM. The two lipid derived molecules along with lipoxin A4 also enhance B cell differentiation, measured by an increased frequency of CD38+ cells. In addition, resolvin D1 and AT-resolvin also increase antibody production in CpG-stimulated B cells. None of the inflammation resolution lipid mediators affect proliferation and are non-toxic to the cells. Increase of plasma cell differentiation and antibody production coincides with the known involvement of pro-resolving mediators during the late stages of inflammation and pathogen clearance.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Grima, François, and Georges Trépo. "Knowledge, action and public concern: the logic underlying mediators' actions in French labour conflicts." International Journal of Human Resource Management 20, no. 5 (May 2009): 1172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585190902850349.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Furuyashiki, Tomoyuki, Satoshi Akiyama, and Shiho Kitaoka. "Roles of multiple lipid mediators in stress and depression." International Immunology 31, no. 9 (February 27, 2019): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxz023.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractProlonged or excessive stress may induce emotional and cognitive disturbances, and is a risk factor for mental illnesses. Using rodent chronic stress models of depression, roles of multiple lipid mediators related to inflammation have been revealed in chronic stress-induced emotional alterations. Prostaglandin (PG) E2, an arachidonic acid (AA)-derived lipid mediator, and its receptor subtype EP1 mediate depression-like behavior induced by repeated social defeat stress through attenuating prefrontal dopaminergic activity. Repeated social defeat stress activates microglia through innate immune receptors, and induces PGE2 synthesis through cyclooxygenase-1, a prostaglandin synthase enriched in microglia. PGD2, another AA-derived lipid mediator, has been implicated in depression induced by chronic stress, although either pro-depressive or anti-depressive actions have been reported. Chronic stress up-regulates hippocampal expression of 5-lipoxygenase, hence synthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, thereby inducing depression through their receptors. Consistent with beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids in the diet of depressive patients, resolvins—a novel class of pro-resolving lipid mediators—in the brain attenuate neuroinflammation-associated depression. These findings in animal models of depression offer lipid mediators and related molecules as novel therapeutic targets for treating depression. To translate these findings into clinics, translational biomarkers to visualize lipid mediator profiles in depressive patients need to be established.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Yamamuro, Shintaro, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Satoshi Iimuro, and Yutaka Matsuyama. "Mediational g-formula for time-varying treatment and repeated-measured multiple mediators: Application to atorvastatin’s effect on cardiovascular disease via cholesterol lowering and anti-inflammatory actions in elderly type 2 diabetics." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 30, no. 8 (June 29, 2021): 1782–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09622802211025988.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Modern causal mediation theory has formalized several types of indirect and direct effects of treatment on outcomes regarding specific mediator variables. We reviewed and unified distinct approaches to estimate the “interventional” direct and indirect effects for multiple mediators and time-varying variables. This study was motivated by a clinical trial of elderly type-2 diabetic patients in which atorvastatin was widely prescribed to control patients’ cholesterol levels to reduce diabetic complications, including cardiovascular disease. Among atorvastatin’s preventive side-effects (pleiotropic effects), we focus on its anti-inflammatory action as measured by white blood cell counts. Hence, we estimate atorvastatin’s interventional indirect effects through cholesterol lowering and through anti-inflammatory action, and interventional direct effect bypassing these two actions. In our analysis, total effect (six-year cardiovascular disease risk difference) estimated by standard plug-in g-formula of −3.65% (95% confidence interval: −10.29%, 4.38%) is decomposed into indirect effect via low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.90% [−1.91%, −0.07%]), via white blood cell counts (−0.03% [−0.22%, 0.11%]), and direct effect (−2.84% [−9.71%, 5.41%]) by the proposed parametric mediational g-formula. The SAS program and its evaluation via simulated datasets are provided in the Supplemental materials.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Farese, R. V. "Lipid-Derived Mediators in Insulin Action." Experimental Biology and Medicine 195, no. 3 (December 1, 1990): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/00379727-195-43150c.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

GOTTSCHALK, W. K., S. L. MACAULAY, J. O. MACAULAY, K. KELLY, J. A. SMITH, and L. JARETT. "Characterization of Mediators of Insulin Action." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 488, no. 1 Membrane Path (December 1986): 385–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb46573.x.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Flower, R. J. "Inflammation: The mediators of steroid action." Nature 320, no. 6057 (March 1986): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/320020a0.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Patapoutian, Ardem, and Louis F. Reichardt. "Trk receptors: mediators of neurotrophin action." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 11, no. 3 (June 2001): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00208-7.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Kaufman, Ruth. "The Process of Experiencing Mediated Learning as a Result of Peer Collaboration Between Young Adults With Severe Learning Difficulties." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 5, no. 2 (January 2005): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/194589505787382540.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Mediated learning is an interpersonal experience in which the mediator’s role is to develop in the mediatee functions essential for learning. The mediator focuses on the mediatee while identifying, analyzing, formulating, and solving problems related to everyday life and formal education frameworks. This study was focused upon the mediators, their experience in mediated learning, and the development of mediational abilities and cognitive functions as a result of social goals.Mediation was carried out in pairs and in a group format. The group was composed of low-functioning young adults suffering from severe learning problems. They acted in pairs, using a peer mediating activity, and also worked in the group to replicate their actions as well as to study the theory of mediated learning, its procedure, and its activities. The tasks were taken from Feuerstein’s cognitive intervention program, Instrumental Enrichment.Such a framework allowed me to identify and capture different aspects of students’ cognitive functioning as well as their inter- and intrapersonal mediation. Each student had to play different roles, sometimes acting as mediator to another member of the group, and thus focusing on his/her difficulties and needs, and at other times being a mediatee and receiving mediation from another group member. In addition, each student participated in the whole group activity reflecting upon, analyzing, and evaluating his/her own and his/her peer’s actions as well as those of others in the group. All this promoted strong experience in mediated learning, in different distances and modalities. Three different instruments were developed as a means of data collection and analysis: the mediation circular profile, the structural hierarchy of deficient cognitive functions map, and the process analysis flow chart.The study unfolded as a microdevelopmental process with students starting at a very low level of cognitive functioning and mediational ability and gradually progressing toward quite sophisticated methods of interaction, mediation, and problem solving. In the course of such microevolution, each group member developed his/her own position and role within the group and in the group activities.The findings support the theory of Structural Cognitive Modifiability while showing that even low-functioning people, who usually play the role of mediatee, can be mediators. By mediating to other people, they improve their own cognitive functioning, abstract level of thinking, and social and communication skills.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Neuhof, Heinz. "Actions and interactions of mediator systems and mediators in the pathogenesis of ARDS and multiorgan failure." Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 35 (September 1991): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1991.tb03394.x.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Schrör, Karsten, and Thomas Hohlfeld. "Antiinflammatory effects of aspirin in ACS: relevant to its cardio coronary actions?" Thrombosis and Haemostasis 114, no. 09 (2015): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th15-03-0191.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

SummaryVascular injury in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) involves a complex cross-talk between inflammatory mediators, platelets and thrombosis, where the interaction between platelets and coagulation factors (e. g. thrombin) is a central link between thrombosis and inflammation. In ACS, aspirin at antiplatelet doses exhibits anti-inflammatory effects as seen from the decrease in inflammation markers such as CRP, M-CSF, MCP-1 and others. These actions probably occur subsequent to inhibition of platelet COX-1-dependent thromboxane formation and its action as a multipotent autocrine and paracrine agent. This likely involves inhibition of thrombin formation as well as inhibition of secondary pro-inflammatory mediators, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate. Experimental and limited clinical data additionally suggest antiinflammatory effects of aspirin independent of its antiplatelet action. For example, aspirin at antiplatelet doses might acetylate COX-2 in vascular cells, directing the activity of the enzyme into a 15-lipoxygenase which by transcellular metabolism results in the formation of 15-epi-lipoxin (‘aspirin-triggered lipoxin’), an antiinflammatory mediator. Furthermore, aspirin stimulates eNOS via lysine-acetylation, eventually resulting in induction of heme oxygenase (HO-1), which improves the antioxidative potential of vascular cells. All of these effects have been seen at antiplatelet doses of 100–300 mg/day, equivalent to peak plasma levels of 10–30 μM. Many more potentially antiinflammatory mechanisms of aspirin have been described, mostly salicy-late-related, at low to medium millimolar concentrations and, therefore, are of minor clinical interest. Altogether, there is a wealth of data supporting antiiflammatory effects of aspirin in ACS, but studies generating direct evidence for antiinflammatory effects in ACS remain to be done.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Baraldi, Claudio, and Laura Gavioli. "On professional and non-professional interpreting in healthcare services: the case of intercultural mediators." European Journal of Applied Linguistics 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2015-0026.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractA debate that has revolved around the organisation of Italian healthcare interpreting services concerns the choice adopted by most institutions to employ intercultural mediators rather than professional interpreters. Intercultural mediators do not necessarily have a professional training in interpreting, they are, however, preferred to professional interpreters in that they are considered more competent in mediating the possibly different perspectives of healthcare providers and migrant patients. This preference provides food for thought for reflections on professionalism in interpreter-mediated interaction in healthcare. Drawing form a 10-year research on mediator-interpreted interactions in healthcare and a set of data comprising around 250 consultations, our contribution sets out as an attempt to clarify what is involved in this mediating work. Our analysis shows that mediators’ agency is relevant both in providing renditions of participants’ utterances and in promoting their active participation in the interaction. We describe the different ways in which mediators’ agency is displayed in interactions and the interactional constraints on mediators’ choices of action. Suggestions derived from our analysis may have an impact on the improvement of both mediators’ and interpreters’ professionalism with particular reference to facilitating communication with migrant patients, an aspect that has been recognized as highly problematic in the literature.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Olszewski, Michal A., Xiang-Yang Zhang, and N. Edward Robinson. "Pre- and postjunctional effects of inflammatory mediators in horse airways." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 277, no. 2 (August 1, 1999): L327—L333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1999.277.2.l327.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In addition to their direct contractile effects, histamine (Hist), serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)], and leukotriene (LT) D4, in low concentrations, dramatically augment electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced smooth muscle contractions in equine airways. To determine the mechanism of their action, we studied, in trachealis strips, the effect of these mediators on both cholinergically induced tension and the release of ACh from cholinergic nerves. All three mediators synergistically augmented the contraction of the trachealis that was due to release of endogenous ACh, i.e., EFS-induced contraction. These same mediators caused only a small but parallel shift of the ACh concentration-response curve. Comparison of the mediator effects on the responses to endogenous and exogenous ACh suggested a prejunctional effect. However, release of ACh was augmented only by Hist and 5-HT but not by LTD4. Hist-induced contraction of trachealis was abolished by pyrilamine (H1-receptor antagonist) but not by ranitidine (H2-receptor antagonist), whereas thioperamide (H3-receptor antagonist) shifted the Hist response curve to the left. The augmenting effect of Hist on EFS-induced contraction was abolished by pyrilamine and unaffected by ranitidine or thioperamide. We conclude that inflammatory mediators can increase endogenous cholinergic responses of equine airways via both prejunctional and postjunctional mechanisms. LTD4 acts solely on smooth muscle, whereas 5-HT and Hist additionally act on neuronal receptors to facilitate release of ACh. Excitatory effects of Hist, i.e., direct contractile effect, and augmentation of endogenous cholinergic response are both mediated via H1receptors, whereas the inhibitory H3 receptors partially oppose the direct contractile effect of this mediator.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Boyle, Christina N., Yi Zheng, and Thomas A. Lutz. "Mediators of Amylin Action in Metabolic Control." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082207.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Amylin (also called islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)) is a pancreatic beta-cell hormone that is co-secreted with insulin in response to nutrient stimuli. The last 35 years of intensive research have shown that amylin exerts important physiological effects on metabolic control. Most importantly, amylin is a physiological control of meal-ending satiation, and it limits the rate of gastric emptying and reduces the secretion of pancreatic glucagon, in particular in postprandial states. The physiological effects of amylin and its analogs are mediated by direct brain activation, with the caudal hindbrain playing the most prominent role. The clarification of the structure of amylin receptors, consisting of the calcitonin core receptor plus receptor-activity modifying proteins, aided in the development of amylin analogs with a broad pharmacological profile. The general interest in amylin physiology and pharmacology was boosted by the finding that amylin is a sensitizer to the catabolic actions of leptin. Today, amylin derived analogs are considered to be among the most promising approaches for the pharmacotherapy against obesity. At least in conjunction with insulin, amylin analogs are also considered important treatment options in diabetic patients, so that new drugs may soon be added to the only currently approved compound pramlintide (Symlin®). This review provides a brief summary of the physiology of amylin’s mode of actions and its role in the control of the metabolism, in particular energy intake and glucose metabolism.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

NOY, Noa. "Retinoid-binding proteins: mediators of retinoid action." Biochemical Journal 348, no. 3 (June 15, 2000): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/0264-6021:3480481.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

NOY, Noa. "Retinoid-binding proteins: mediators of retinoid action." Biochemical Journal 348, no. 3 (June 7, 2000): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3480481.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Active vitamin A metabolites, known as retinoids, are essential for multiple physiological processes, ranging from vision to embryonic development. These small hydrophobic compounds associate in vivo with soluble proteins that are present in a variety of cells and in particular extracellular compartments, and which bind different types of retinoids with high selectivity and affinity. Traditionally, retinoid-binding proteins were viewed as transport proteins that act by solubilizing and protecting their labile ligands in aqueous spaces. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that, in addition to this general role, retinoid-binding proteins have diverse and specific functions in regulating the disposition, metabolism and activities of retinoids. Some retinoid-binding proteins appear to act by sequestering their ligands, thereby generating concentration gradients that allow cells to take up retinoids from extracellular pools and metabolic steps to proceed in energetically unfavourable directions. Other retinoid-binding proteins regulate the metabolic fates of their ligands by protecting them from some enzymes while allowing metabolism by others. In these cases, delivery of a bound retinoid from the binding protein to the ‘correct’ enzyme is likely to be mediated by direct and specific interactions between the two proteins. One retinoid-binding protein was reported to enhance the ability of its ligand to regulate gene transcription by directly delivering this retinoid to the transcription factor that is activated by it. ‘Channelling’ of retinoids between their corresponding binding protein and a particular protein target thus seems to be a general theme through which some retinoid-binding proteins exert their effects.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Wihlborg, Elin, and Kristina Söderholm. "Mediators in action: Organizing sociotechnical system change." Technology in Society 35, no. 4 (November 2013): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2013.09.004.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Fishman, Jerry H., and Jack Fishman. "Copper and endogenous mediators of estradiol action." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 152, no. 2 (April 1988): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80106-2.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Robertson, Scott A., Gina M. Leinninger, and Martin G. Myers. "Molecular and neural mediators of leptin action." Physiology & Behavior 94, no. 5 (August 2008): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.04.005.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

Kim, Hee-Yong, Bill X. Huang, and Arthur A. Spector. "Molecular and Signaling Mechanisms for Docosahexaenoic Acid-Derived Neurodevelopment and Neuroprotection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 4635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094635.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The neurodevelopmental and neuroprotective actions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are mediated by mechanisms involving membrane- and metabolite-related signal transduction. A key characteristic in the membrane-mediated action of DHA results from the stimulated synthesis of neuronal phosphatidylserine (PS). The resulting DHA-PS-rich membrane domains facilitate the translocation and activation of kinases such as Raf-1, protein kinase C (PKC), and Akt. The activation of these signaling pathways promotes neuronal development and survival. DHA is also metabolized in neural tissues to bioactive mediators. Neuroprotectin D1, a docosatriene synthesized by the lipoxygenase activity, has an anti-inflammatory property, and elovanoids formed from DHA elongation products exhibit antioxidant effects in the retina. Synaptamide, an endocannabinoid-like lipid mediator synthesized from DHA in the brain, promotes neurogenesis and synaptogenesis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. It binds to the GAIN domain of the GPR110 (ADGRF1) receptor, triggers the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, and activates the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). The DHA status in the brain influences not only the PS-dependent signal transduction but also the metabolite formation and expression of pre- and post-synaptic proteins that are downstream of the CREB and affect neurotransmission. The combined actions of these processes contribute to the neurodevelopmental and neuroprotective effects of DHA.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

Markiewicz, Katarzyna. "MEDIATORS OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PROCRASTINATION AND NEUROTICISM." Acta Neuropsychologica 15, no. 3 (October 12, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6095.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Background: Procrastination means delaying action, which creates serious problems both in academic, work, and clinical settings since it leads to reduced performance levels, and gives rise to psychological distress resulting in lower levels of health and well-being. Therefore, it is imperative to acquire a better know ledge of its reasons and relationships with psychological factors. Yet, the nature of those rela tionships remains am biguous. One of reasons is that many fac tors considered as causes of procrastination work as mediators, modify ing the relationships of procrastination with other factors. Hence, the present study aimed at delineating the factors, which might have a mediating effect upon the interface of procrastination with personality features. Material/Methods: Undergraduate students (n=62) participated in the study. The participation was voluntary and anonymous. A self-constructed Questionnaire of Predictors of Procrastination (QPP), a Polish version of the NEO-FFI test, and a Polish adaptation of the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) were administered, and there was no time limit. Results: Positive significant correlations between neurotism and general, decisive, and behavioral procrastination were found. There was also a significant interaction of neuroticism with the fear of failure, evaluation anxiety, low motivation and a lack of persistence as well as a lack of time management. In addition, the tendency to succumb to temptations and distractibility proved to be significantly related with procrastination, which suggests a lack of self-control. Conclusions: The current study confirmed observations that a neurotic personality does not determine procrastination but both those variables do interact. This study also shows that anxiety plays a significant role in starting actions and/or in accomplishing it. This is not only a fear of final evaluation, but the fear following the belief of impossibility to properly deal with a given action. Moreover, a capability of controlling emotions is closely connected with self-control enabling the planning, and organizing of an action, which is one of the main problems of procrastinators.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Wallace, John L., Gerald P. Morris, Paul L. Beck, Todd E. Williamson, and Guy R. Gingras. "Effects of sucralfate on gastric prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis: relationship to protective actions." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-105.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The mechanism of the protective actions of sucralfate against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in the rat has been investigated. In particular, the role of prostaglandins as mediators of such protection was assessed. Oral administration of sucralfate at a dose causing a significant reduction of ethanol-induced gastric damage (500 mg/kg) did not significantly alter gastric 6-ketoprostaglandin F1α synthesis. Pretreatment with indomethacin at a dose that inhibited gastric cyclooxygenase activity by an average of 88% did not affect the protective actions of sucralfate. To further investigate the mechanism of action of sucralfate, an ex vivo gastric chamber model was used in which sucralfate could be applied to only one side of the mucosa. Sucralfate did not affect gastric prostaglandin synthesis, but did cause a significant increase in leukotriene C4 synthesis, a fall in transmucosal potential difference, and a significant decrease in gastric myeloperoxidase activity on the side exposed to sucralfate. These observations suggest that sucralfate has an irritant action on the mucosa. The release of mediators in response to such irritation may play an important role in the protective action of sucralfate. The present study supports the hypothesis that prostaglandins do not mediate the protection afforded by exposure to sucralfate.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Potthast, A., T. Rosenau, H. Koch, and K. Fischer. "The Reaction of Phenolic Model Compounds in the Laccase-Mediator System (LMS) Investigations by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS)." Holzforschung 53, no. 2 (March 1, 1999): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.1999.029.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

SummaryMatrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used to investigate the reaction products obtained by treatment of phenolic substances with the laccase-mediator system, consisting of the enzyme laccase and a low-molecular-weight substance, the so-called mediator.Two mediators, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT), were employed. Polymerizing and depolymerizing properties of the LMS were investigated and assigned to specific components of the system,i. e., laccase and mediator. The polymerizing action of laccase and the ABTS cation radical on phenols was demonstrated in addition to the depolymerizing effect of the LMS. The LMS causes polymerization of phenolic substrates in the initial phase of the reaction, but then degrades the initially formed polymers. The extensive breakdown of this oligomeric and polymeric material occurs exclusively in the presence of both components, mediator and laccase. Furthermore, it is also dependent on the type of polymer formed.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Karčić, Hamza. "Camp David and Dayton: Comparing Jimmy Carter and Richard Holbrooke as Mediators." International Negotiation 22, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341354.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

u.s. mediation towards resolving the Arab-Israeli conflict in the 1970s and Balkan conflicts in the 1990s may not seem comparable at first. Differences between these conflicts in terms of history, duration and dynamics abound. The nature and level of u.s. involvement provides further contrasts. Yet, the Camp David negotiations in 1978 and the Dayton Peace Talks in 1995 offer striking parallels in terms of third-party mediator actions undertaken. This article compares the two summits by applying the analytic framework developed by Curran, Sebenius and Watkins to categorize third party mediator strategies. The analysis builds on this framework and deduces common tactics employed by third-party mediators at Camp David and Dayton.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Pedrosa, Gabriel Frazao Silva. "The Educational Development of Autistic Students." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 4 (April 21, 2020): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20apr498.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The demand for an egalitarian education is a recurring subject in the current educational scenario, especially with regard to the inclusion of students with special educational needs, also, the need for a mediator to promote the development of the student in its full educational process. The objective of this study is to describe the educational process of a student with autism spectrum disorder from the insertion of a mediator in this medium. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, a type of experience report. Regarding the pedagogical activities proposed in the classroom, its practice through the mediator contributed to the development of the student, from which the mediator can pay attention to the actions of the child. It is of paramount importance that educators, especially mediators, have a continuing and initial training plan regarding the expansion and acquisition of knowledge regarding the special educational needs of their students included in regular education.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Calder, Philip C. "n-3 Fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: new mechanisms to explain old actions." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 72, no. 3 (May 14, 2013): 326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665113001031.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Numerous effects of n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA on functional responses of cells involved in inflammation and immunity have been described. Fatty acid-induced modifications in membrane order and in the availability of substrates for eicosanoid synthesis are long-standing mechanisms that are considered important in explaining the effects observed. More recently, effects on signal transduction pathways and on gene expression profiles have been identified. Over the last 10 years or so, significant advances in understanding the mechanisms of action of n-3 fatty acids have been made. These include the identification of new actions of lipid mediators that were already described and of novel interactions among those mediators and the description of an entirely new family of lipid mediators, resolvins and protectins that have anti-inflammatory actions and are critical to the resolution of inflammation. It is also recognised that EPA and DHA can inhibit activation of the prototypical inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. Recent studies suggest three alternative mechanisms by which n-3 fatty acids might have this effect. Within T-cells, as well as other cells of relevance to immune and inflammatory responses, EPA and DHA act to disrupt very early events involving formation of the structures termed lipid rafts which bring together various proteins to form an effective signalling platform. In summary, recent research has identified a number of new mechanisms of action that help to explain previously identified effects of n-3 fatty acids on inflammation and immunity.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Giacomini, Kathleen M. "Renal transporters: Mediators of drug disposition and action." Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 33, no. 1 (January 2018): S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.11.029.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Loffing, Johannes, Vanessa Summa, Marija Zecevic, and François Verrey. "Mediators of aldosterone action in the renal tubule." Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 10, no. 5 (September 2001): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041552-200109000-00019.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

MISAWA, Miwa, Saizo YANAURA, Tomokazu HOSOKAWA, Hiroyuki MIZUNO, Kazuhiko IRINODA, Yoshinori TAKAHASHI, Keiji YOSHIMURA, et al. "Effects of flutropium bromide, a new antiasthma drug, on mediator release from mast cells and actions of mediators." Folia Pharmacologica Japonica 91, no. 2 (1988): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/fpj.91.97.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Peskar, BM. "Inflammatory Mediators in Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 4, no. 7 (1990): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/362497.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Tissue responses to an inflammatory stimulus (such as vasodilation, plasma exudation invasion and activation of inflammatory cells) are elicited by locally synthesized chemical mediators. Inhibition of biosynthesis and/or antagonism of action of these mediators is an important target of drug therapy, particularly when the cause of the disease is unknown. Recent investigations have revealed that the mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients synthesizes a number of inflammatory mediators in increased amounts. These include the potent chemoattractant leukotricne B4, which seems to be responsible for the increase in chemotactic activity found in IBO mucosa, and the cysteinyl leukotrienes, which promote plasma leakage and induce edema formation. Synthesis of leukotrienes in normal and inflamed mucosa is dose-dependently inhibited by sulphasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and 4-aminosalicylic acid, while indomethacin, which is devoid of therapeutic efficacy in IBD patients, inhibits prostaglandin hut not leukotriene synthesis. These findings suggest that in IBD, mucosal leukotrienes may be more important inflammatory mediators than prostaglandins. ln addition to arachidonic acid-derived products, IBD mucosa generates platelet activating factor and various cytokines including interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor, all of which have potent proinflammatory actions. formation of most of these agents is inhibited by sulphasalazine and 5-ASA. The relative importance and the interactions of the various inflammatory mediators synthesized in IBD mucosa remain to be clarified.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Zhang, Yong, Donald Y. M. Leung, and Elena Goleva. "Vitamin D Enhances Glucocorticoid Action in Human Monocytes." Journal of Biological Chemistry 288, no. 20 (April 9, 2013): 14544–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m112.427054.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Vitamin D (VitD) is now recognized for its pleiotrophic roles in regulating immune function. VitD interaction with other steroid receptor superfamily receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is poorly understood. In the current study, we demonstrate that VitD enhanced glucocorticoid (GC) responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells because it stimulated GC induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and enhanced GC inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6. These VitD effects were abolished in purified CD14+ and CD14− cells but were recovered in CD14+ cells co-cultured with CD14− cells separated by tissue culture inserts. GM-CSF, found in culture supernatants from CD14- cells, was shown to mediate VitD enhancement of GC-induced MKP-1 production in monocytes via increased production of mediator complex subunit 14 (MED14). Recruitment of VitD receptor and MED14, 4.7 kbp upstream of the human MKP-1 gene transcription start site, enhanced binding of glucocorticoid receptor and histone H4 acetylation at the 4.6-kbp glucocorticoid response element of the MKP-1 promoter in the presence of GM-CSF in U937 cells. Knockdown of MED14 abolished VitD-mediated enhancement of GC-induced MKP-1 production. These data demonstrate VitD-mediated stimulation of GC anti-inflammatory effects in human monocytes and identify a role for GM-CSF and MED14 as mediators of this process.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

Gaginella, T. S., and J. F. Kachur. "Kinins as mediators of intestinal secretion." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 256, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): G1—G15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1989.256.1.g1.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Kinins are small peptides that have diverse biological actions. Concentrations of kinins in the nanomolar or subnanomolar range induce intestinal smooth muscle contraction and evoke mucosal electrolyte secretion. Hyperkininemia is associated with effects on gastrointestinal motility and intestinal mucosal inflammation. Bradykinin and kallidin are the predominant kinins with effects on the gastrointestinal tract of mammals. Bradykinin stimulates chloride ion secretion by the guinea pig and rabbit ileum, rabbit colon, rat colon and monolayers of human HCA-7 cells. Kinins directly or indirectly stimulate phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C. Cells in the lamina propria of the mucosa (e.g., fibroblasts, mast cells, leukocytes), by liberating cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid, are involved in the kinin response; direct effects on epithelial cells cannot be ruled out, however. Antagonists now exist for kinin receptors. Based on studies with these antagonists in smooth muscle preparations, two subgroups of kinin receptor have been identified. The B2-type receptor appears to be responsible for both the contraction of ileal muscle and ileal secretion. Kinins are probably more important as pathophysiological rather than as physiological mediators. They may amplify the effect of inflammatory products that induce intestinal secretion. The precise involvement of kinins in clinical mucosal secretory states and diarrhea will require quantitative assessment of their levels during each phase of mucosal inflammation. Additional studies on the mechanism of action of kinins will be essential in designing therapy to mitigate the symptoms associated with mucosal inflammation.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Vyklický, Ladislav, Helena Knotková-Urbancová, Zdeňka Vitásková, VIKTORIE Vlachová, Michaela Kress, and Peter W. Reeh. "Inflammatory Mediators at Acidic pH Activate Capsaicin Receptors in Cultured Sensory Neurons From Newborn Rats." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.670.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Vyklický, Ladislav, Helena Knotková-Urbancová, Zdeňka Vitásková, Viktorie Vlachová, Michaela Kress, and Peter W. Reeh. Inflammatory mediators at acidic pH activate capsaicin receptors in cultured sensory neurons from newborn rats. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 670–676, 1998. Whole cell membrane currentsinduced by the inflammatory mediators, bradykinin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and prostaglandin E2, were investigated in capsaicin-sensitive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from newborn rats grown on a monolayer of hippocampal glia without nerve growth factor (NGF). When firmly attached to an underlying cell, the neurons survived >14 days without growing extensive processes. A majority of the small diameter neurons (∼80%) exhibited sensitivity to capsaicin (3–6 μM) and this was enhanced in solution of low pH. In acidic extracellular solution (pH 6.1), the combination of bradykinin (10 μM), 5-HT (10 μM) and prostaglandin E2 (1 μM) induced an inward membrane current in all capsaicin-sensitive DRG neurons ( n = 43). The current exceeded the sustained, low pH-induced membrane current by 205 ± 53 (SE) pA. The combination of acidic inflammatory mediators was ineffective in cells that were insensitive to capsaicin. In capsaicin-sensitive neurons, the inflammatory mediators when applied singly or in any combination of two, induced no membrane currents or small current at pH 7.3 and 6.1. Capsazepine (10 μM), the capsaicin antagonist, completely inhibited the facilitatory action of inflammatory mediator combination but not the sustained inward current induced by acidic extracellular solution (pH 6.1 or 5.5). It is suggested that the inflammatory mediators, bradykinin,5-HT, and prostaglandin E2 together act as endogenous mediators at capsaicin receptors to generate an inward current when the ion channel is protonized.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Mizuno, Hiroyuki, Hiromitsu Ohno, and Miwa Hisawa. "Effects of flutropium bromide, a new antiasthma drug, on mediator release from mast cells and on actions of mediators." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 46 (1988): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)57689-2.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

Stahl, Stephen M. "Serotonin Pathways: Mediators of SSRI Therapeutic Actions." Psychiatric Annals 26, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 695–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19961101-04.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

He, Shaoheng, Huiyun Zhang, and Peisong Gao. "Actions of Allergens and Mediators in Allergy." Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/207345.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Pandiangan, Leo Nora Elly AM, Nanin Koeswidi, and Norti Retiana Silitonga. "HOW CAN ENVIRONMENTAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION BE RESOLVED WITHOUT GOING TO COURT." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 10, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.10.2.2021.245-254.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

To protect environmental pollution and/or damage, the government has issued legislation on environmental protection and management supplemented by Ministerial Regulations. Environmental pollution and/or damage can occur due to natural factors and human actions that result in losses to the country and/or society. Environmental polluters and/or destroyers can be prosecuted in court. Before environmental disputes are transferred to court, environmental disputes are first resolved through mediation conducted by a mediator and settled out of court (non-litigation) in accordance with applicable laws. Mediators or the role of third-party services are free and neutral /impartial.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Gordon, J. R., and S. J. Galli. "Release of both preformed and newly synthesized tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)/cachectin by mouse mast cells stimulated via the Fc epsilon RI. A mechanism for the sustained action of mast cell-derived TNF-alpha during IgE-dependent biological responses." Journal of Experimental Medicine 174, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.174.1.103.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Mast cell-associated mediators are generally classified into two groups: the preformed mediators, which are stored in the cells' cytoplasmic granules and are released upon exocytosis, and the newly synthesized mediators, which are not stored but are produced and secreted only after appropriate stimulation of the cell. We now report that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)/cachectin represents a new type of mast cell-associated mediator, in that IgE-dependent mast cell activation results in the rapid release of preformed stores of the cytokine followed by the synthesis and sustained release of large quantities of newly formed TNF-alpha. We also demonstrate that challenge with specific antigen induces higher levels of TNF-alpha mRNA at skin sites sensitized with IgE in normal mice or mast cell-reconstituted genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/W1' mice than at identically treated sites in WBB6F1-W/W1' mice that are devoid of mast cells. These findings identify mast cells as a biologically significant source of TNF-alpha/cachectin during IgE-dependent responses and define a mechanism whereby stimulation of mast cells via the FC epsilon RI can account for both the rapid and sustained release of this cytokine.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Riepl, R. L., and P. Lehnert. "The Mediators of Bile Action on the Exocrine Pancreas." Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 28, no. 5 (January 1993): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365529309098234.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

49

Akter, Zakia, Faiza Rafa Ahmed, Mousumi Tania, and Md Asaduzzaman Khan. "Targeting Inflammatory Mediators: An Anticancer Mechanism of Thymoquinone Action." Current Medicinal Chemistry 28, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666191011143642.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Background: : Thymoquinone is a promising anticancer molecule, the chemopreventive role of which is well-known at least in vitro and in the animal model. In this review article, we focused on the anti-inflammatory activities of thymoquinone in cancer cells. Method:: Research data on inflammation, cancer and thymoquinone were acquired from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. We reviewed papers published since the mid of the last century, and the most cited papers of the last ten years. Results:: Studies indicate that thymoquinone possesses immunomodulatory activities, in addition to its chemopreventive role, as thymoquinone can target and modulate inflammatory molecules, like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κβ), interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and certain growth factors. As chronic inflammation plays an important role in cancer development, controlling inflammatory pathways is an important mechanism of an anticancer molecule, and modulation of inflammatory pathways might be one of the key mechanisms of thymoquinone’s anticancer activities. Conclusion: : This article reviewed the role of inflammation on cancer development, and the action of thymoquinone on inflammatory molecules, which have been proved in vitro and in vivo. Much attention is required for studying the role of thymoquinone in immunotherapeutics and developing this molecule as a future anticancer drug.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

50

Castelfranchi, Cristiano. "Through the agents' minds: Cognitive mediators of social action." Mind & Society 1, no. 1 (March 2000): 109–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02512232.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Статті в журналах з теми "Mediator’s action"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями