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Дисертації з теми "Mediated traces"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 22 лютого 2025

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Yahiaoui, Leila. "Redocumentation des traces d’utilisation d’un environnement informatique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10140.

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Cette thèse d'ingénierie des connaissances a pour objet la redocumentation de l'activité médiée informatiquement à base de fichiers traces. Au cours d’un tel processus, un utilisateur interprète et réécrit les traces dans un nouveau document, qui correspond à un genre particulier et décrit l'activité dans toute sa richesse ; il a notamment la possibilité de reformuler le contenu des traces, de l'enrichir avec d'autres informations (justification ou informations sur le contexte), de supprimer des parties, etc. Il s’agit ainsi de renforcer le statut documentaire des traces selon les trois dimensions de la lisibilité, de l’intelligibilité et de l’échange. Nous proposons une approche générique semi-automatique qui combine le contenu de traces de l’activité et les connaissances des utilisateurs dans des formes narratives, facilement échangeables, décrivant l’activité de façon personnalisée pour les utilisateurs. Celle-ci utilise des modèles formels pour les traces et les documents produits, ainsi que les principes de la théorie de la structure rhétorique (RST). Elle soutient la redocumentation à travers deux phases : une phase automatique pour générer un document initial fragmenté à partir de la trace d'activité comme une première description pour celle-ci et une phase interactive pour personnaliser cette description selon les besoins et les choix d'un utilisateur afin de produire un document. Nous proposons également la spécification de cette approche pour le cas particulier de la redocumentation par le texte et nous présentons ActRedoc, un outil auteur que nous avons développé pour implémenter cette approche spécifique en utilisant différentes technologies du Web Sémantique. Les résultats de notre travail ont été testés dans un environnement réel qui est celui de la redocumentation des traces de navigation dans un site d’archives de journaux du XIXème développé par la bibliothèque municipale de Lyon. Nous présentons ainsi les résultats d'une première évaluation de l'approche de redocumentation en texte et de l'outil ActRedoc auprès d'un groupe d'utilisateurs
This thesis is situated within the framework of knowledge engineering; it is particularly interested in the redocumentation of the computermediated activity from traces files. We suppose that during such a process, a user interprets and rewrites traces in a new document that corresponds to a particular genre and describes the traced activity in détails ; all this via the possibility to rewrite traces content, to enrich this content with other information (justifications or information on the context), to delete parts from it, etc. Therefore, we strengthen the documentary status of traces according to the three dimensions of legibility, comprehensibility and exchange. For implementing such a process, we propose a generic semi-automatic approach which combines the content of activity traces with users knowledge in narrative forms, easily exchangeable, to describe the traced activity in a personalized way for users. This Approach uses formal models for traces and documents (produced), as well as principles of the rhetorical structure theory (RST). It supports the redocumentation process through two phases: an automatic phase to generate an initial fragmented document from traces as a first description of the activity and an interactive phase to personalize this description according to the user needs and choices so that to produce an easily exchangeable document. We also propose a specification of this approach for the particular case of redocumentation by text and we present ActRedoc, an authoring tool that we developed by using different technologies of the Semantic Web in order to implement this specific approach. The results of our work were tested in a real environment which concerns redocumenting the activity of browsing a site of archives of newspapers of the XIXth century developed by the municipal library of Lyon. Thus, we present a first evaluation of the approach of redocumentation by text and of the authoring tool ActRedoc by a group of users

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Augier, Sébastien. "Poïétique et médiation de la création transmédiatique : une approche diégétique des dispositifs de création, de prélèvement et de médiation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCC015.

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Cette thèse, appuyée sur le projet européen Open-Access (OA), aborde les relations entre création artistique et transmédiation au sein des Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication (SIC). Le projet OA vise à explorer la jonction entre les arts de la scène et les pratiques transmédia, répondant aux priorités de développement des capacités digitales et de l’engagement du public. Cette recherche action/création a été initiée afin de documenter et restituer le travail de huit artistes. Cette approche duale a permis une immersion dans le processus de création et a enrichi la compréhension de l’art en train de se faire: la poïétique. Le concept de diégèse, issu de la filmologie, a joué un rôle central en structurant le protocole de captation et de restitution. Il permet d’appréhender le projet comme un macro-système diégétique, un univers cohérent où se rencontrent les réalités individuelles et collectives des participants. Pour appréhender ces interactions, l'approche adoptée vise à maximiser la typologie des traces médiatisées en combinant des dispositifs sociotechniques usuels en SIC, comme les interviews semi-directives, avec d’autres dispositifs expérimentaux. Cette diversité des traces permet d’intégrer des connexions dialogiques potentielles ou imprévues au sein du corpus, ouvrant ainsi des perspectives inédites pour l’analyse et la compréhension des dynamiques créatives et médiatiques. Adossé à un prototype de restitution expérimental, le Webdocmooc, ainsi qu’à plusieurs démonstrateurs, notamment un générateur de séquences transmodales, un générateur séquences audio-visuelles à partir de transcriptions d’interviews et un moteur de recherche à facettes, ce travail expose les potentialités offertes par une approche diégétique dans le domaine des SIC. Il introduit de nouveaux indicateurs et perspectives pour l’analyse et la restitution des processus créatifs et médiatiques, élargissant ainsi le champ documentaire à des relations informationnelles complexes. Cela représente une opportunité tant entre le chercheur et son sujet d’étude, qu’entre l’utilisateur et les dispositifs de restitution documentaire
This PhD thesis, based by the European Open-Access (OA) project, explores the relationships between artistic creation and transmediation within the field of Information and Communication Sciences (ICS). The OA project aims to examine the intersection between performing arts and transmedia practices, aligning with the priorities of developing digital skills and enhancing public engagement. This action-research/creation was initiated to document and present the work of eight artists. This dual approach allowed immersion in the creative process and deepened the understanding of art in the making: poietics.The concept of diegesis, originating from Etienne Souriau's approach to film studies, played a central role in structuring the capture and reproduction protocol. It frames the project as a diegetic macro-system, a coherent universe where individual and collective realities of the participants converge. To capture these interactions, the adopted approach seeks to maximize the typology of mediated traces by combining standard sociotechnical devices in ICS, such as semi-structured interviews, with experimental devices. This diversity of traces enables the integration of potential or unforeseen dialogical connections within the corpus, thereby opening up new perspectives for the analysis and understanding of creative and media dynamics.Supported by an experimental restitution prototype, the Webdocmooc, as well as several demonstrators, including a transmodal sequence generator, an audio-visual sequence generator from interview transcripts, and a faceted search engine, this work highlights the potential offered by a diegetic approach in the field of ICS. It introduces new indicators and perspectives for the analysis and restitution of creative and media processes, expanding the documentary field to complex informational relationships. This represents an opportunity not only for the researcher in relation to their subject of study, but also for the user interacting with documentary restitution devices

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Rizwan, Muhammad. "Silicon-mediated heavy-metal tolerance in durum wheat : evidences of combined effects at the plant and soil levels." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4335/document.

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La croissance des plantes est limitée par la toxicité métallique. Des études suggèrent que le stress métallique peut être limité par l'absorption de silicium (Si). Cependant la phytodisponibilité du silicium n'a pas encore été clairement évaluée. Ainsi dans un premier temps cette étude a pour objectifs d'évaluer la disponibilité de Si issu de différents minéraux du sol et la signification des différents extractants utilisés pour l'extraction de Si du sol en terme de disponibilité lors d'une culture en continu de blé dur. Pour ce faire, des extractants acides et alcalins ont été comparés sur une série de sols non contaminés de nature différente, puis la validité de Na2CO3 pour l'estimation de la fraction disponible de Si pour une culture continue de blé dur (Triticum turgidum L.) a été testée sur une série de sols contrastés. Ensuite on a tenté de déterminer le rôle spécifique de Si dans la croissance de plantules de blé dur et la suppression des stress associés à la présence de Cd et Cu dans le milieu de croissance, à la fois en conditions hydroponiques et sur support solide simplifié en comparant un alumino-silicate et une diatomite. Finalement, l'apport de silicium amorphe (ASi) (et disponible) a été testé en pot sur les plantes de blé ayant poussé sur des sols multi-contaminés ou contaminés en Cd. ASi extrait par Na2CO3 (ASiNa) est apparu bien corrélé aux concentrations dans les parties aériennes du blé dur ayant poussé en pot sur différents sols non contaminés et, pour cette raison, pourrait être utilisé pour l'évaluation de la fraction phytodisponible
Plant growth is seriously limited by heavy metal toxicity. Studies suggest that silicon (Si) can alleviate the metal stress in plants but its bioavailability in soil is not well defined. This study aims at assessing the bioavailability of Si from different soil minerals, the meaning of various extractants in terms of availability in relation with continuous plant uptake, and the specific role of Si on the plant growth and alleviation of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) toxicity in durum wheat. For this purpose a series of experiments were performed both in soil and hydroponic conditions. Firstly, the significance of acid and alkaline methods was assessed in order to determine the bioavailable Si in soil and the applicability of the Na2CO3 extraction method was determined by repeated croppings of durum wheat on a variety of soils. Secondly, two hydroponic experiments were carried out to study the physiological response of wheat under Cd and Cu stress treated or not with Si. Thirdly, efficiency of different minerals to release bioavailable silica and its effect on reducing Cd and Cu toxicity was assessed. Finally, the effects of amorphous silica (ASi) application were investigated on metal stressed wheat plant grown in uncontaminated and contaminated soils. ASi extracted with Na2CO3 (ASiNa) was well correlated with the Si in plants shoots in our pot experiment with different soils. We showed that ASiNa can also be used for a good proxy of Si bioavailable to plants. Si present as amorphous Si (diatomite) added to the soil is available for plant uptake. However, in soils with large clay content, clay may be a significant source of Si for plants

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Pan, Jinfen. "Bioavailability of trace metals to marine bivalves mediated by dissolved and colloidal organic carbon /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIOL%202004%20PAN.

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Stone, Claire Gemma. "Antioxidants and trace elements : effect on mediated electron transfer in glucose biosensors." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/763/.

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Brinson, Jessica. "A search for disappearing tracks in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1428940893.

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Moore, Jeremy Alan. "Effects of Subcutaneous Postnatal Choline Supplementation on Hippocampus-Mediated Learning and Memory in Rat Pups." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1213369647.

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Hart, Andrew Evan. "Search for disappearing tracks in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1517587469347379.

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Aysola, Prasad. "Pulse microwave-mediated sample clean-up method to analyse trace metals, PCBs and pesticides, and for the treatment of organic wastes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39070.pdf.

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Lemaitre, Philippe. "Early role of IL-17 and calcineurin inhibitor-mediated Th2- and Th17-polarization of chronic trachea allograft rejection pathways." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209243.

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Lung transplantation is the only therapeutic approach for patients presenting end-stage pulmonary failure. Despite progress made in organ preservation and immunosuppression, primary graft dysfunction and obliterative bronchiolitis still hamper short-term and long-term outcomes, respectively. Interleukin-17 recently emerged as a major actor in several immuno-inflammatory disorders. Clinical and experimental evidence also suggest the implication of interleukin-17 or type 17 CD4+ T cells in lung rejection. We therefore investigated the contribution of this cytokine to graft pathology in a murine model of tracheal transplantation that recapitulates pathological features of lung rejection including the development of obliterative airway disease.

We first demonstrated that interleukin-17 contributes to inflammatory lesions in the early phase post-transplantation. Interleukin-17 was found to be produced by &61543;&61540;+ T cells and CD4+ T cells infiltrating the graft and interleukin-17 neutralization significantly reduced the development of epithelial lesions together with inhibition of interleukin-6 and heat-shock-protein 70 gene transcription.

We then investigated the contribution of interleukin-17 to obliterative airway disease. Although interleukin-17 did not play a dominant role in absence of immunosuppression, it was found to contribute to airway pathology in animals receiving cyclosporin A. Under this treatment, we first observed dramatic changes in the composition of the lymphocyte populations infiltrating the graft: the numbers of CD8+ T cells producing interferon-&61543; and type 1 CD4+ T cells were dramatically decreased while the numbers of type 17, and also type 2 CD4+ T cells were unaffected. The pathological relevance of these findings was first demonstrated by the prolongation of graft survival afforded by the depletion of CD4+ T cells in cyclosporin A-treated animals. Furthermore, graft rejection was also delayed in mice genetically deficient in either interleukin-17 or interleukin-4, providing evidence that type 17 and type 2 CD4+ T cells actively contribute to graft rejection in cyclosporin A-treated recipients. On the other hand, parallel experiments in interferon-&61543;-deficient mice revealed that interferon-&
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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INAGAKI, Kazumi, Tomonari UMEMURA, Hirotaka MATSUURA, and Hiroki HARAGUCHI. "Speciation of Trace Elements, Binding and Non-binding with Proteins in Human Blood Serum, by Surfactant-Mediated HPLC with Element-Selective Detection by ICP-MS." 日本分析化学会, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8746.

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Eriksson, Jonas. "Synthesis of ¹¹C-labelled Alkyl Iodides : Using Non-thermal Plasma and Palladium-mediated Carbonylation Methods." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbibliotekt [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7171.

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De, Martino Luciano. "Caratterizzazione di un materiale composito innovativo trasformato mediante tecnologia additiva." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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L’obiettivo di questa tesi di laurea sarà quella di analizzare e studiare i limiti di una tecnologia innovativa di stampa FDM di paste a freddo, costituite da una miscela di argilla e prodotti di scarto (PA12) derivanti dal processo di tecnologia additiva Multi Jet Fusion, realizzata da HP. Particolare attenzione è stata rivolta allo studio delle tracce di estrusione, all’analisi dell’ accuratezza dimensionale dei provini estrusi e all’incidenza della quantità di polvere di PA12 sulle caratteristiche meccaniche dei provini nelle prove ad impatto, al fine di valutare criticità e punti di forza di questo nuovo processo.

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Zozzolotto, Marco. "Analisi della visibilità e della leggibilità delle intersezioni a T mediante tecnologie innovative." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10410/.

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La tesi affronta in modo approfondito lo studio del comportamento degli utenti alla guida di un veicolo in corrispondenza di intersezioni a T nelle quali la precedenza non è riservata alla corrente principale ma a quella secondaria. L'analisi è stata condotta in due modalità parallele, ovvero attraverso l'uso di dispositivi elettronici e con la metodologia Mobile Eye Tracker.

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Ciabatti, Caterina. "Analisi di tracce GPS mediante Map Matching finalizzata alla simulazione della scelta del percorso dei ciclisti in area urbana." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17874/.

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Il lavoro svolto si inserisce in un contesto di ricerca molto attuale. Attraverso lo studio di un elevato quantitativo di dati (big data) è stato possibile, in primo luogo analizzare e migliorare il grafo della rete di trasporto relativo all’area urbana di Bologna, ottenendo uno strumento con un’alta qualità, di fondamentale importanza per gli studi futuri; è stato inoltre possibile il miglioramento dell’algoritmo di map-matching, grazie alla calibrazione dei parametri risultati ottimali al fine di massimizzare il numero di dati utili ai fini di ricerca; in fine, i risultati delle analisi, da considerarsi veritieri in virtù dell’ampio periodo temporale considerato e della quantità e qualità dei dati a disposizione, ha permesso di sottolineare attributi fondamentali per la pianificazione della mobilità ciclistica. Dall’analisi relativa ai grafici rappresentanti le deviazioni effettuate dai ciclisti rispetto ai percorsi di minimo costo ed andando ad osservare quelle che risultavano essere le problematiche dei percorsi evitati, se pur presenti negli itinerari di minimo costo, è emerso che i ciclisti attribuiscono un peso minore al traffico, con particolare attenzione al traffico pesante (nello specifico la presenza di autobus), rispetto al peso attribuito alle deviazioni, la percezione di uno scarso grado di sicurezza induce gli utenti a percorrere itinerari più lunghi e prediligere la presenza di piste ciclabili. È stato calcolato il coefficiente di correlazione lineare, c, fattore che ha lo scopo di minimizzare lo scostamento esistente tra i flussi misurati manualmente, durate le attività di rilievo, e i flussi calcolati, con l’ausilio del software di micro-simulazione, utile in fase di ricostruzione dell’andamento dei flussi dei ciclisti su tutti gli archi dell’intera porzione di rete stradale analizzata, al fine di determinare, con un elevato grado di accuratezza, la domanda assoluta per la mobilità ciclistica dell’area urbana di Bologna.

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Georgiou, Leonidas. "DCE-MRI assessment of hepatic uptake and efflux of the contrast agent, gadoxetate, to monitor transporter-mediated processes and drug-drug interactions : in vitro and in vivo studies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dcemri-assessment-of-hepatic-uptake-and-efflux-of-the-contrast-agent-gadoxetate-to-monitor-transportermediated-processes-and-drugdrug-interactions-in-vitro-and-in-vivo-studies(d4b3bc62-8636-470b-90ae-38e25e7ee7be).html.

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Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) techniques offer the opportunity to understand the physiological processes involved in the distribution of the contrast agent in vivo. This work utilises a liver specific contrast agent (gadoxetate) and demonstrates the potential use of these techniques to study transporter-mediated process in vivo. In vitro experiments investigated gadoxetate’s interaction with uptake and efflux transporters at the cellular level, ideally a prerequisite to understand the contribution of transporter proteins in in vivo pharmacokinetics. MRI was used to measure the accumulation of gadoxetate in fresh rat hepatocytes. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS methodology was optimised in conjunction with two in vitro systems to determine the role of transporters in gadoxetate uptake and efflux. HEK-OATP1B1 transfected cells were used to optimise the LC-MS/MS technique and Caco-2 cell monolayers were used to examine whether gadoxetate is a substrate of the efflux transporters, Pgp and BCRP. Subsequent studies demonstrated the use of DCE-MRI techniques to study transporter-mediated processes. Two pharmacokinetic models were proposed to quantify the uptake and efflux of gadoxetate in vivo. The suitability of the models in describing the liver concentration profiles of gadoxetate was assessed in pre-clinical and clinical reproducibility studies. Further pre-clinical experiments demonstrated the ability of the proposed DCE-MRI techniques to monitor changes in the uptake and efflux rate estimates of gadoxetate into hepatocytes, through co-administration of the transporter inhibitor, rifampicin, at two doses. The work presented demonstrates the potential use of DCE-MRI techniques as a diagnostic probe to assess transporter-mediated processes and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in vivo.

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Rotstein, Bajo Bárbara. "Identification and functional analysis of new factors that mediate tramtrack's function during Drosophila tracheal system development / Identificación y análisis funcional de nuevos factores que median la función de tramtrack durante el desarrollo del sistema traqueal de Drosophila." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/111330.

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A stereotyped tubular epithelial network forms many of our bodies’ organs and, defects in the formation of these tubules often leads to organ failure. My Thesis project aims to further understand the mechanisms underling the formation of tubular networks using the tracheal system of Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. Tramtrack (Ttk) is a widely expressed transcription factor (TF) whose function has been analysed in different adult and embryonic tissues in Drosophila. Interestingly, previous work from our lab showed Ttk as a key tracheal regulator. Ttk is involved in a wide range of developmental decisions, ranging from early embryonic patterning to differentiation processes in organogenesis (Araújo et al., 2007). Given the wide spectrum of functions and pleiotropic effects that hinder a comprehensive characterisation, many of the tissue specific functions of this transcription factor are poorly understood. We profiled gene expression experiments after Ttk loss- and gain-of-function in whole embryos and cell populations enriched for tracheal cells in order to identified some of the underlying genetic components that are responsible for the tracheal phenotypes of Ttk mutants. Our transcriptomes analysis revealed widespread changes in gene expression. Interestingly, one of the most prominent gene classes that showed significant opposing responses to loss- and gain-of-function was annotated with functions in chitin metabolism, along with additional genes that are linked to cellular responses, which are impaired in ttk mutants. The expression changes of these genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR and further functional analysis of these candidate genes and other genes also expected to control tracheal tube size revealed at least a partial explanation of Ttk’s role in tube size regulation (Rotstein et al., 2011). In addition, from all the target genes found in this study, we identified and selected one of them expressed in the tracheal system, CG13188, for further functional analysis. After validating CG13188 differential expression by quantitative PCR, we corroborated and refined CG13188 expression pattern by generating an anti-CG13188 antibody. This protein accumulation analysis recapitulated the predicted CG13188 mRNA expression, but also indicated that CG13188 has a dynamic sub-cellular accumulation during the development of the tracheal system. We have confirmed that CG13188 protein expression levels are, as expected, dependent on the general regulator ttk. Interestingly, we saw that ttk also controls CG13188 protein localization, as in ttk mutant embryos, CG13188 protein did not accumulate apically in the tracheal cells at late embryonic stages, as compared to wild-type. These results suggested on one hand, that CG13188 in order to perform its function might need to be transported from the cytoplasm to the apical membrane of the tracheal cells. On the other hand, the CG13188 protein accumulation differences observed could be just a consequence of CG13188 protein levels between the conditions analysed. We have also observed that CG13188 expression is also controlled by the branch specific regulator spalt. CG13188-RNAi down-regulation in the tracheal system gave tracheal morphogenesis defects during mid and late embryonic stages. In particular, we observed that from embryonic stage 15, CG13188-RNAi embryos can not accumulate chitin into the luminal space of the most dorsal and ventral tracheal branches. These experiments indicated that CG13188 gene is required to form the chitin luminal cable in a branch specific manner. Its down-regulation in the tracheal system produced also physiological maturation phenotypes at late embryonic stages, as CG13188-RNAi embryos did not gas filled completely. Together our results suggested on one hand, the possibility of coexistence of more than one ECM assembly mechanism involved in tracheal tube size control. This novel chitin organisation mechanism might be dependent on branch type. On the other hand, our results might provide a first evidence of a link between chitin cable formation and gas filling tube morphogenesis processes.

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Aysola, Prasad. "Pulse microwave mediated sample clean-up method to analyse trace metals, PCBs and pesticides, and for treatment of organic wastes." Thesis, 1998. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/788/1/MQ39070.pdf.

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A procedure is described for open vessel pulse microwave wet ashing system. In wet ashing procedure organic matrix in biological tissues is digested in acid. This step must precede trace metal analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Conventional wet ashing procedure using hot plate takes several hours. Digestion of animal and plant tissues by 5.0 ml, 10.0 ml or 20.0 ml of $\rm H\sb2SO\sb4$ (95.0-98%)/HNO$\sb3$ (69-71%) (v/v) (1:1) acid mixture were effectively achieved by pulse microwave treatment using domestic grade microwave oven. Samples are subjected to 10s (method A) or 6s (method B) microwave heating followed by dormant time of 3 minutes for a total microwave heating time of less than 20 minutes. Data will be presented to show how conditions were chosen. The temperature of digestion mixture was maintained $<$100$\sp\circ$C. The effect of pulse time variation and acid mixture volume variation was studied in detail.

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