Дисертації з теми "Médias temporels"
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Comby, Émeline. "Pour qui l'eau ? Les contrastes spatio-temporels des discours sur le Rhône (France) et le Sacramento (Etats-Unis)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30043/document.
A given society’s relationship with water is contextual, based on individual and public perceptions. This research investigated how public perception has been shaped by different stakeholders in two different river systems. To do so, we compared the trajectories of the Rhône River (France) and the Sacramento River (United States) by combining field observations with a principal dataset of 5,985 newspaper articles. Because the definition of social problems occurs within public arenas, this retrospective study of newspaper coverage allowed us to evaluate exogenous and endogenous discontinuities, static and dynamic constraints, and environmental and social trajectories. Media coverage was analyzed using content, quotation, and textual data analysis as well as GIS. Conflict between values entails interaction between different arenas, mobilizes spokespeople, and consolidates power relations. The Advocacy Coalition Framework promotes the hybridization between bottom-up and top-down policies and legitimizes different processes of discussion and problem-solving. Dialog between stakeholders exists in space and time between here and elsewhere, present and past, and risk and disasters. These temporal factors were addressed with a synchronic study. During the twentieth century, the Rhône River and the Sacramento River have undergone a great number of changes, primarily due to different decisions made at the national level. Nevertheless in both basins, advocacy coalitions have been key sources of political changes for thirty years: they share a set of beliefs and act in concert to address local concerns in water policy. Finally, a more detailed case study is presented for the Rhône basin, where French law and scientific knowledge require integrated river basin management. The Rhône case study demonstrates the spatial and temporal variability of opinions, debates, and discourses about water, which often embody tensions because of conflicting demands
Zechinelli-Martini, José-Luis. "Construction et manipulation de présentations spatio-temporelles multi-médias à partir de serveurs d'objets répartis : applications aux données sur le Web." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10052.
We propose an infrastructure (JAGUAR) for specifying spatio-temporal multimedia presentations managers. These managers are mediators between applications and distributed heterogeneous object sources accessible through the Web (via their URL). A manager is able to define, query, and build presentations that are stored in a multimedia database system. All objects are described by a schema that associates a default presentation to each of them. We defined a spatio-temporal model to integrate objects and presentations. The model describes objects composition through spatio-temporal relations. We also proposed OQLiST a language that provides spatio-temporal operators. Language and model can be used for specifying, querying and representing homogeneously inter and intra-media descriptions. In order to validate the JAGUAR infrastructure, a presentation manager prototype was implemented using SMIL and Java Media Framework (JMF) platforms. The manager has been used for specifying and implementing (1) a touristic application and (2) a visualization tool for objects stored in a data warehouse. For the later, the manager provides a specific schema for the data cube
Battut, Alexandre. "Interaction substrates and instruments for interaction histories." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG026.
In the digital world, as in the physical world, our interactions with objects leave traces that tell the story of the actions that shaped these objects over time. This historical data can be accessed by end users to help them better understand the steps that led to the current state of their system. These traces can also be reused for activities such as re-documenting their own history to arrange it in a way that they find more understandable. Users may also be led to share these data in collaborative environments, to better coordinate and synchronize their work. While previous work has attempted to show the benefits of cross-application histories, current implementations of interaction histories in interactive systems tend to tie history data to their source application. This prevents users from cross-referencing historical data to review and correlate events that occurred in different applications.In this thesis, I argue that designing interaction histories that can be shared among applications and users would support browsing, understanding and reusing historical data. I first ground my work in the use case of collaborative writing to explore relatable yet complex traces ecologies and interaction history use. I identify recurring practices and issues with the use of history data by interviewing knowledge workers and conducting several design activities based on these observations. I describe a first proof-of-concept system integrating two history instruments resulting from these design activities, and the first iteration of a unifying structure for historical data to be shared among applications and users. The results of user studies show that users indeed express a need for unified and customizable interaction histories.Compiling the data gathered during these research activities and based on previous works about “Dynamic Shareable Media” and the Interaction Substrates and Instruments model, I describe a framework to help create more flexible interaction histories. The goal is to describe how to design interaction history systems that would help users take control of their historical data. I introduce Steps, a structure for unifying historical data that includes descriptive core attributes to preserve the integrity of a trace across applications, and extensible contextual attributes that let users reshape their histories to suit their needs. I then introduce OneTrace, a proof-of-concept prototype based on Steps that follows my descriptive framework for cross-application histories and defines interaction histories as digital material to be shaped by digital tool use. I discuss the opportunities offered by this approach to support a shift in paradigm on how we design and interact with interaction histories
Jin, Esther Yanfei. "Estrutura de vizinhanças espaciais nos modelos autorregressivos e de médias móveis espaço-temporais STARMA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-24072017-194839/.
The objective of this work is to compare spatial neighborhoods structures, or the same as spatial weights matrices of the class of space-time autoregressive and moving average models STARMA. The STARMA model is used to describe spatially localized time series datas, it is characterized by the linear dependence lagged both in space and time. Simulations were performed using several space-time covariance models to compare different structures of construction of the weight matrix with the purpose of identifying the best matrix. The spatial matrices with exponential weights presented the best adjustment performances of the STAR models ans showed a stability in relation to the adjustment measure. Finally, for illustration, a STARMA model will be adjusted for a set of monthly data of the FIPEZAP real estate price index for two bedroom apartments in six metropolitan cities of São Paulo.
Reis, Ricardo Luis dos. "Modelos autorregressivos periódicos para previsão e geração de séries de vazões médias mensais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-13052013-111226/.
This work addresses the problem of forecasting and generation series monthly average streamflows. It is noteworthy that the importance of forecasting future values of the series of monthly streamflows as well as the generation of synthetic series are fundamental for planning the operation of Brazilian hydroelectric systems. These series have a periodic behavior on average, variance and autocorrelation function and therefore it is considered for standard series periodic autoregressive models PAR(pm). At the forecast classical analysis of the prediction error is made in function of the prediction horizon. In this study, the forecasting errors are calculated in the original scale of the series of streamflow, depending on the model parameters adjusted and evaluated for forecasting horizons h ranging from 1 to 12 months. These errors are compared with estimates of the variances of the streamflows for the month is provided. Regarding the bayesian prediction, we adopt the models Normal, Log-Normal and t-Student in estimation procedures and, then, is a study of the performance of these models using the mean square error, mean absolute error and mean absolute percentage error. In relation to generation, a Log-Normal multivariate model with three parameters and a Log-Normal generalized model were developed and analyzed using the Kullback-Leibler criterion. As a result there has been an assessment of the predictive power, in months, the adjusted models for each month, the choice of the Log-Normal model in the procedures for bayesian analysis and the model used to generate synthetic series of monthly streamflows provided evidence that point as an alternative model adopted in the Brazilian electric sector
Martins, Natália da Silva. "Modelos autoregressivos e de médias móveis espaço-temporais (STARMA) aplicados a dados de temperatura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-09042013-112557/.
Spatio-temporal processes have been highlighted lately, due to the increase of studies approaching variables that present interactions between the spatial and temporal dimensions. In order to model these processes, Pfeifer e Deutsch (1980a) have suggested an extension of the Box-Jenkins univariate model class, named spatio-temporal autoregressive moving-average model (STARMA). This model class is used to describe spatially located time series data. The processes prone to be modeled via the STARMA model class are characterized by observations of random variables, in which the locations to be incorporated in the model are spatially fixed. The dependence between the n time series is modeled through the weighing matrix. So STARMA models express each observation at time t and location i as a weighed mean of linear combinations of the previous observations and the jointly lagged innovation in space and time. Given the new class models, the objectives of this study were to present a class of models STARMA, implentar computationally, in textit R software, routines that allow the analysis of spatio-temporal data with the routines implemented to establish and test models time series data of monthly average minimum temperatures of 8 meteorological stations located in Paraná and compare the class of models STARMA with the class of univariate models proposed by Box e Jenkins (1970). With this study it was found that the presentation of the class of models STARMA no complexity in the concept of ordered neighborhood and identification of spatio-temporal models. Regarding the creation of routines responsible for the analysis of spatio-temporal observed difficulties in its implementation, especially at the time of estimation of parameters. In comparison class STARMA models, multivariate, with the class of SARIMA models, univariate, it was found that both models were adjusted satisfactorily to the data, producing accurate forecasts.
Palm, Bruna Gregory. "Intervalos de predição no modelo beta autorregressivo de médias móveis." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8381.
Usual point and interval forecasting based on the autoregressive integrated moving average models (ARIMA) may not be suitable for modelling variables defined over the interval (0, 1). In fact, such forecasting effect predicted values outside variable domain (0, 1). The construction of the prediction intervals usually assumes (i) normality or asymptotic normality and (ii) knowledge of the parameters. If these assumptions are not fully satisfied, then the nominal coverage of the prediction intervals may not be adequate. In order to address this issue, the beta autoregressive moving average model (βARMA), which is a regarded as a suitable tool for modelling and forecasting values defined over the interval (0, 1), was considered. The goal of the present work is to propose a suit of methods for computing prediction interval linked to the βARMA model. We introduced methods for obtaining approximate prediction intervals based on (i) the normal distribution and (ii) the beta distribution quantiles. We also introduced modifications to the interval with bootstrap prediction errors (BPE) proposed for autoregressive models; and to the BCa intervals proposed for beta regression model. Moreover, based on the quantiles of the predicted values, we proposed percentiles intervals for different types of bootstrapping. The proposed prediction intervals were evaluated according to Monte Carlo simulations. Assessed results indicated that the prediction intervals based on the quantiles of the beta distribution outperformed the discussed non-bootstrapping methods. Despite some variance effects, it offered better coverage rate values. However, the BCa based prediction intervals presented well-balance results in all considered test scenarios. Therefore, the BCa prediction interval was selected as the most reliable one. Empirical evaluations of the proposed methods were applied to two actual time series: (i) the water level of the Cantareira water supply system in São Paulo from January 2003 to August 2015 and (ii) the unemployment rate data in São Paulo from January 1991 to November 2005.
O modelo beta autorregressivo de médias móveis (βARMA) foi recentemente proposto para modelagem e previsão de variáveis contínuas no intervalo (0; 1). As previsões pontuais e intervalares deste tipo de variável, por meio dos tradicionais modelos autorregressivos integrados de médias móveis (ARIMA), podem levar a valores fora do intervalo (0; 1). Ainda, a construção de intervalos de predição para valores futuros usualmente assumem (i) aproximações pela distribuição normal e (ii) parâmetros do modelo conhecidos. Quando estas suposições não são satisfeitas, a probabilidade de cobertura dos intervalos pode ficar abaixo do valor nominal. Como alternativa a este problema, intervalos de predição bootstrap tendem a apresentar coberturas mais acuradas. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho propõe diferentes intervalos de predição para o modelo βARMA. Dois desses intervalos propostos são baseados em aproximações, considerando a distribuição normal e os quantis da distribuição beta. Também são consideradas adaptações dos intervalos de predição EPB, propostos para os modelos autorregressivos, e dos intervalos BCa, propostos para o modelo de regressão beta. São também propostos intervalos percentis com diferentes reamostras bootstrap, baseados nos quantis dos valores previstos. Os intervalos de predição propostos são avaliados por meio de simulações de Monte Carlo. O intervalo baseado nos quantis da distribuição beta foi eleito como o melhor entre os intervalos sem bootstrap, uma vez que não apresentou valores de taxa de cobertura muito distorcidos em diferentes cenários. Porém, ainda apresentou variabilidade no seu comportamento. O intervalo BCa apresentou valores bons e constantes em todas as medidas avaliadas e em todos os cenários considerados. Desta forma, o intervalo BCa foi eleito como o mais confiável. Aplicações em dados dos níveis dos mananciais do sistema de captação e tratamento de água para a Grande São Paulo e das taxas de desemprego na região metropolitana de São Paulo foram consideradas como forma de avaliar empiricamente os métodos propostos.
Krieg, Julien. "Étude du rôle perceptivo-mnésique du lobe temporal médial par les potentiels évoqués intracérébraux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0302/document.
The temporal lobe is conventionally divided into two functional systems: the ventral visual pathway and the medial temporal mnemonic system. However, this functional separation has been questioned by several studies suggesting that the medial temporal lobe would be better understood as an extension of the ventral visual pathway hierarchically organized. The aim of this thesis was to study the perceptive-mnestic role of the medial temporal lobe. We have tested using intracerebral EEG recordings (SEEG) if (i) the medial, lateral and ventral regions of the temporal lobe could be grouped into functionally distinct modules and, (ii) which areas were at the interface of these functional modules. To answer these questions, we studied the effective connectivity derived from cortico-cortical evoked potentials elicited by electrical stimulations from low intensity, low frequency (0.5mA, 1Hz, 4ms) conducted in 16 patients with drug-resistant temporal or temporo-occipital epilepsies at their pre-surgical long-term monitoring of intracerebral electroencephalographic activity. Eleven regions of interest were defined within the temporal lobe based on anatomical landmarks such as gyri and sulci. We built an effective connectivity model within the temporal lobe, based on the electrophysiological characteristics of cortico-cortical evoked potentials, such as the occurences, latencies and amplitudes of the peaks of the first component of the evoked potential. The model was discussed from the perspective of a global functional organization due to the non-independence of its electrophysiological characteristics. The amplitude and latency of the evoked potentials showed consistent probability distributions with the information transfer in cognitive observations. Graph theory has provided algorithms that can extract the relevant characteristics of the network, such as the centrality of the regions, their functional segregations or the ways of interaction between functional subsets of the regions within the temporal lobe. In particular, the rhinal cortex appeared as the most central structure of the temporal lobe whereas the superior temporal gyrus appeared as the less central. The medial temporal lobe could be segregated as a functional module by itself. The temporal pole appeared as a convergence area of the information transfer from the lateral temporal lobe structures to the medial structures. Anterior fusiform gyrus acted as a dual interface of convergence of neocortical afferences and feedback from medial structures. Furthermore, the hippocampus behaved as an amplifier of neocortical afferent signal passing through the amygdala and the rhinal cortex, and redistributed this amplification to the limbic structures. The posterior hippocampus acted as a way out of the medial structures modulating the posterior parahippocampal gyrus in a almost unidirectional manner. Our study provides a regional or macroscopic model of the transfer of electro-physiological information within the human temporal lobe. Our results were discussed in line with current cognitive models of 'pattern completion' and 'temporal binding'
Rosito, Leticia Petersen Schmidt. "Alterações histopatológicas na orelha contralateral em ossos temporais humanos de portadores de otite média crônica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11354.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of contra lateral middle ear cleft pathologic findings in human temporal bones with chronic otitis media. Study design: Transversal Material and Methods: The humam temporal bones was analised under optical microscopy. Chronic otites media was definied by the presence of irreversible inflammatory alterations in the middle ear cleft. The contralateral ear was defined as the normal or the less alterated one. The histopathologic alterations were described and classified in a crescent severity order. To compare the quantitative variables it was used the Chi square test and for correlations it was used Sperman coefficient (P≤0.05) Results: It has been studied 85 pairs of temporal bones. 22.4% had cholesteatoma in the most damaged ear. The prevalence of contra lateral ears with alterations was 91.8%. The main alterations were granulation tissue (81%), effusion (58%) and tympanic membrane retractions (35%). There was not difference between the genders, adults and children, imunossupressed or not, with or without cholesteatoma. There was a direct correlation between the both ears in relation to granulation tissue (rS=0.345, P=0.004) or cholesteatoma extension (rs=0.617, P<0.001). Conclusion: We can observe a high prevalence of contralateral ears alterations and the granulation tissue was the most frequent. The correlation between the ears about the granulation tissue and cholesteatoma extension suggest, in agreement with the continuum, that the individual constitutional alterations are involved in the sequential events that go to cronification.
Silva, Jessica Tatiane. "Análise espaço-temporal dos distúrbios transientes da troposfera média no hemisfério sul." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2014. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m18/2014/05.15.19.39.
The analysis of transient disturbances of the middle troposphere at midlatitudes in Southern Hemisphere and some characteristics of the extratropical cyclones in the South America are shown in this study. Analyses were conducted using data grid points of meteorological fields derived from reanalysis II by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction - Department of Energy (NCEP-DOE) for the period 1991-2000. The methodology involves the use of statistical techniques of Wavelet Transform, Empirical Orthogonal Function, Principal Oscillation Patterns and TRACK to diagnose the mean characteristics of ST and their interactions with low-frequency phenomena, El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Antarctic Oscillation (AAO). The results show that the first dominant mode of the POP/geopotencial for summer and winter display a zonal wavenumber 7 and are mostly associated with the regions of greatest baroclinicity in SH. On the other hand, the second mode for summer/winter shows a wavenumber 6 and transient activity associated especially with downstream development and baroclinic instability. The winter ST cover a more extensive range of latitudes than the summer ST. However the activity of cyclones is higher during the hot season. The low-frequency phenomenas influence the cyclonic activity in both seasons, but more eminently during winter time, with the ENSO being the predominant phenomena in the southern region of the South American continent and adjacent oceans.
Dall'Armellina, Luc. "Des champs du signeDu design hypermédia à une écologie de l'écran." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274721.
Nos langages s'écrivent, se dessinent et se design(ent) : lettres et signes (indiciels, iconiques et symboliques) prennent place dans l'environnement changeant de l'écran, devenu aujourd'hui capable de se changer lui-même.
Le design consiste à donner un champ esthétique en même temps qu'une forme plastique, et ergonomique à une chose. Cette chose peut-être un objet (un signe), un événement (une action), un espace (une interface) ou un jeu d'interaction (comportement). C'est l'art de la configuration des signes pensé dans un usage social. Le design tient un rôle central dans le champ de la création numérique. Il concerne maintenant le son, l'image fixe et animée, le texte, et les conditions même du dévoilement et de la présence des signes, soit l'interactivité. La question du design est celle de la technologie immiscée par effraction dans le champ de l'art. La technologie interroge et bouscule fortement la doxa comme la critique, la pratique artistique comme celle de la monstration.
Nous reformulons l'activité du design avec le qualificatif de néo-design, marquant ainsi l'évolution de celui-ci par rapport aux pratiques pré-numériques. Nous rencontrons le terme de meta-design (LAB-au) et proposons celui de meta-signe, insistant sur le fait que le designer numérique produit aujourd'hui moins des représentations (images) que des systèmes capables de générer, organiser des agencements (interfaces) qui opèrent un environnement intelligent.
Cet environnement est fait de nouveaux types de signes que nous avons génériquement nommés e-mouvants, soulignant la particularité associant l'électronique et le mouvant, pour rendre compte si besoin de ce nouveau champ du sensible. Ce qui a pour effet direct de ne plus pouvoir considérer la technologie seulement dans ses modes opératoires d'outils, mais de la considérer comme une production de l'esprit matérialisée et en actes.
L'écran connecté au computer nous fait donc passer d'un régime de signes lié à la représentation à un régime lié à l'émergence et à l'expérience du monde. Nous passons progressivement à un environnement sémiotique, complexe et fortement interconnecté, autopoïétique. Cette transformation profonde de notre environnement symbolique peut désormais être abordée à travers ce que nous avons nommé une écologie de l'écran.
C'est donc le système dans son entier qui porte et relaie l'opérabilité. Pourquoi ce terme ? Il a l'avantage de trouver son origine dans le mot œuvre (du latin opera). Opérer, c'est « être au travail, diriger un travail intellectuel » (« Robert électronique » 1992), mais c'est aussi mettre en œuvre, un travail par la pratique. L'opérateur est bien lié à l'œuvre, c'est celui qui œuvre, man-œuvre, ou œuvre avec ses mains en vue de réaliser certaines opérations. L'opérabilité en tant que ce qui peut être opéré, c'est-à-dire « accompli (une action), effectué (une transformation), par une suite ordonnée d'actes ou d'opérations » se constitue comme l'espace d'émergence d'un méta langage et dont la programmation est le mode d'écriture et dont l'action génère l'accomplissement.
L'écran est le lieu et l'acteur d'un changement radical du paradigme espace-temps pour le lecteur comme pour l'auteur, au profit d'une triade systémique que nous avons nommée espace-temps-opérabilité dessinant en son centre le concept de praxis hypermédia. Cette dimension émerge dans le double mouvement de l'opérabilité de la machine calculante et de l'engagement du lecteur devenu un scripteur, c'est-à-dire un acteur-acté-actant.
Cette praxis, dans le sens d'une activité qui unit l'action, l'intellection et l'expérience sensible dessine une éco-sémio-systémie, ou plus simplement une écologie des signes de l'écran. Elle inscrit de nouvelles modalités de saisie de nos univers symboliques où l'espace comme lieu et mémoire, le temps (boucle, ritournelle, temps suspendu) et la présence (contrôle, action, engagement) altèrent et revisitent profondément la notion d'espace-temps connue jusqu'ici.
Ce qui a pu s'énoncer comme une praxis hypermédia fait reposer le récit sur de nouvelles bases. L'analyse de quelques œuvres a permis de proposer l'idée de l'e-narratif (narratif électronique) qui serait cette forme qu'il conviendrait d'appeler encore l'épi-narratif , comme l'épiphénomène électronique du narratif, venant augmenter le narratif tel que nous le connaissions jusqu'ici.
L' e- narratif serait constitué d'au moins deux composantes :
L'infra-narratif, qui opère des constructions de sens par le jeu complexe des signes e-mouvants dans l'environnement de l'écran agi. L'infra-narratif se situerait au niveau perception-réception des signes dynamiques en permettant à l'opérateur une construction du sens dynamique non liée à la succession temporelle narrative habituelle mais s'articulant plutôt sur un axe paradigmatique des signes en mouvement et selon un processus sémiotique dynamique, dans un temps de perception très court.
Le praxo-narratif, généré par l'action dans l'environnement processuel de l'écran et dans le temps d'une praxis peut être rapproché du l'« extra-noématique » d'Espen Aarseth. Ce qui le distingue du narratif est le caractère « agi » qui n'existe pas – sauf exception - comme tel dans les médias pré-numériques. Ce qui se produit de narratif dans la suite ou conséquence de l'action n'est peut-être pas encore déterminant pour le narratif mais l'est pour assurer l'engagement du lecteur comme acteur dans le dispositif. C'est à ce titre l'effectuation du mouvement d'identification du spectateur tel qu'il n'était pas effectué au cinéma, d'un dasein, ou d'une existence incarnée.
Pereira, Marcos Alexandre da Franca. "Descompressão dos segmentos timpânico e labiríntico do nervo facial via fossa craniana média." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-02052016-090526/.
Background: Peripheral facial palsy is characterized by the permanent or temporary interruption of the functioning of the facial muscles. The middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach has been used for the decompression of the facial nerve (FN) when hearing needs to be preserved. In this work, we describe an innovative technique for the decompression of the FN through the MCF approach that allows the direct exposure of the labyrinthine and entire tympanic segment of the FN, with the preservation of inner ear function. Methods: Twenty cadavers heads were used in this study. The reference landmarks used were the middle meningeal artery, the greater superficial petrosal nerve, the arcuate eminence, the inferior petrosal sinus and the meatal plane following the petrous apex from its most anterior and medial portion. Results: The tympanic segment of the FN presented, on average, a total length of 11 ± 0.67mm to the right, and 11.5 ± 0.60mm to the left. The longitudinal lengths of bone window in the tegmen tympani were 16.8±1.67mm to the right, and 16.8 ± 1.20mm to the left. The cross-sectional lengths of the bone window in the tegmen tympani were 5.5 ± 1.20mm and 5.0±1.75mm to the right and left sides, respectively. The average value of elliptical area formed by the longitudinal and transversal lengths of the bone window made in the tegmen tympani were 72.5 ± 22.5mm2 to the right, and 65.9 ± 30.3mm2 to the left. Conclusion: The proposed technique can be used for the surgical decompression of the tympanic, labyrinthine and meatal segments of the FN through the MCF, without imposing a risk to hearing, in addition to reducing the surgical time and the risk to patients
Guadarrama, Lili. "Imagerie en régime temporel." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00543301.
Kacem, Sahraoui Ameni. "Personalized information retrieval based on time-sensitive user profile." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30111/document.
Recently, search engines have become the main source of information for many users and have been widely used in different fields. However, Information Retrieval Systems (IRS) face new challenges due to the growth and diversity of available data. An IRS analyses the query submitted by the user and explores collections of data with unstructured or semi-structured nature (e.g. text, image, video, Web page etc.) in order to deliver items that best match his/her intent and interests. In order to achieve this goal, we have moved from considering the query-document matching to consider the user context. In fact, the user profile has been considered, in the literature, as the most important contextual element which can improve the accuracy of the search. It is integrated in the process of information retrieval in order to improve the user experience while searching for specific information. As time factor has gained increasing importance in recent years, the temporal dynamics are introduced to study the user profile evolution that consists mainly in capturing the changes of the user behavior, interests and preferences, and updating the profile accordingly. Prior work used to discern short-term and long-term profiles. The first profile type is limited to interests related to the user's current activities while the second one represents user's persisting interests extracted from his prior activities excluding the current ones. However, for users who are not very active, the short-term profile can eliminate relevant results which are more related to their personal interests. This is because their activities are few and separated over time. For users who are very active, the aggregation of recent activities without ignoring the old interests would be very interesting because this kind of profile is usually changing over time. Unlike those approaches, we propose, in this thesis, a generic time-sensitive user profile that is implicitly constructed as a vector of weighted terms in order to find a trade-off by unifying both current and recurrent interests. User profile information can be extracted from multiple sources. Among the most promising ones, we propose to use, on the one hand, searching history. Data from searching history can be extracted implicitly without any effort from the user and includes issued queries, their corresponding results, reformulated queries and click-through data that has relevance feedback potential. On the other hand, the popularity of Social Media makes it as an invaluable source of data used by users to express, share and mark as favorite the content that interests them
GRIPA, W. R. "MODELO SAZONAL FRACIONÁRIO AUTO-REGRESSIVO INTEGRADO MÉDIA MÓVEL COM VOLATILIDADE: ESTUDO DE PREVISÃO DAS CONCENTRAÇÕES DE MATERIAL PARTICULADO." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2008. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/10211.
Estudos com series temporais t^em sido amplamente utilizados em analises de dados ambientais. Este trabalho avalia as concentrac~oes diarias de Material Particulado Inalavel (PM10) para a Regi~ao da Grande Vitoria, ES, Brasil, para os anos de 2003 e 2004, utilizando processos SARFIMA-GARCH, modelos que capturam as propriedades de longa depend^encia, sazonalidade e volatilidade condicional variavel no tempo. Para veri-car a e-cacia da metodologia, realizou-se estudos de comparac~ao de predic~ao e previs~ao a modelos usuais da literatura, e os resultados evidenciaram que o modelo proposto, SARFIMAGARCH captou melhor variabilidade dos dados em termos do erro quadratico medio.
Guarnieri, Jean Paulo. "EFICIÊNCIA DOS GRÁFICOS DE CONTROLE NA DETECÇÃO DE OUTLIERS EM PROCESSOS AUTORREGRESSIVOS E DE MÉDIAS MÓVEIS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8171.
A presente pesquisa aborda a aplicação de modelos de previsão juntamente com a utilização de gráficos de controle de resíduos para a avaliação de processos produtivos com características de autocorrelação em suas amostras. O objetivo geral foi determinar a eficiência dos gráficos de controle de observações individuais (IMCC) e de média móvel exponencialmente ponderada (EWMA) quando aplicados aos resíduos de modelos da classe AR(1) ou MA(1), para detecção de outliers em processos autocorrelacionados, além de evidenciar a influência da autocorrelação e da amplitude do outlier no poder de detecção dos gráficos. Foram simuladas 640.000 séries para cada modelo, variando a força e o sinal da autocorrelação. Após a verificação da estabilidade dos resíduos em cada série simulada, na série original, foram inseridos outliers com amplitudes variáveis em uma observação prédeterminada. As séries contaminadas pela observação anômala foram novamente modeladas e os resíduos foram grafados em gráficos de controle IMCC e EWMA, registrando-se os pontos detectados corretamente. Em cada gráfico, para o par de variáveis: parâmetro de autocorrelação e amplitude de outlier, gerou-se uma proporção de detecção, na qual foram aplicados testes de comparação não-paramétricos. O resultado obtido por meio dos testes evidenciou a superioridade do gráfico IMCC para ambos os modelos. Quanto ao estudo da influência do parâmetro de autocorrelação, referente ao sinal e a magnitude da mesma, para ambos os gráfico e modelos AR(1) e MA(1), não se verificou diferença significativa. Dessa forma, comprovou-se a eficácia dos gráficos de controle IMCC em detectar outliers por meio de resíduos em processos industriais autocorrelacionados.
Lapertosa, Claudia Zanforlin. "Teste de detecção de intervalos aleatórios de silêncio em crianças com história de otite média recorrente." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12061.
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Introduction: otitis media is an inflammatory disease of middle ear that has greater occurrence on pediatric population, being considered a helth public problem all around the world. Peripheral ans fluctuanting hearing loss may be observed and this may cause a disturbance on the complex auditory stimuli perception, including speech. This altered auditory perception may cause difficulties on sound acoustics representation and on the auditory abilities related to speech in noise recognition, auditory memory, binaural interaction and temporal processing. Objective: to investigate the temporal auditory processing throug random gap detection test in a group of children with recurrent otitis media history on the early year of life. Method: 26 children, aged from 7 of 8 years old, according to one these criteria: otological history of 3 to 4 episodes of otitis media/year on the early years of life; 3 to 4 episodes of otitis media on their first moment life; type B ou C tympanometry at the moment of audiological evaluation. All the children were submited to the following procedures pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic immitance measurement and to randm gap detection test (RGDT). Results: data showed RGDT hreshold longer for the frequency of 1000 Hz on the group of children with a type B timpanometry; the same happens with the group that showed abnormal acoustc reflex for 1000 Hz. Averange values for RGDT threshold ere 10 ms, sd of 2,7 ms, median of 10 ms, mode of 10 ms, minimum value was 5 ms an maximum was 15 ms. Compared to Dias (2004) values, the otitis media group showed longer threshold values. Conclusion: recurrent otitis media on early life years may produce a enlargement on the detection of silent intervals threshold
Introdução: A otite média é um processo inflamatório da orelha média de grande ocorrência na população infantil, sendo considerada um problema de saúde de caráter mundial. A presença de perda auditiva periférica e flutuante observada em alguns casos de otite média pode ocasionar alteração da percepção dos estímulos auditivos complexos, inclusive a fala. Esta alteração na percepção do sinal acústico pode causar prejuízo na representação de sons e nas habilidades auditivas que envolvem o reconhecimento da fala em ambientes ruidosos, memória auditiva, interação binaural e processos temporais. Objetivo: investigar o processamento auditivo temporal através do teste de detecção de intervalos de silêncio em crianças que tiveram otite média recorrente nos primeiros anos de vida. Método: Foram selecionadas 26 crianças com idade entre 7 e 8 anos que obedeciam aos seguintes critérios: ter histórico de 3 a 4 episódios de otite média/ano nos primeiros anos de vida, ter histórico de 3 a 4 episódios no primeiro anos de vida, ou ter timpanometria do tipo B ou C no momento da avaliação. As crianças foram submetidas à audiometria tonal, logoaudiometria, medida da imitância acústica e à pesquisa do limiar de intervalo de silêncio - RGDT (Random gap detection test). Resultado: Foi observado um aumento dos limiares do RGDT na freqüência de 1000 Hz nas crianças que tinham curva tipo B na timpanometria, assim como em relação ao reflexo do músculo estapédio contralateral alterado na mesma freqüência. Não houve correlação entre os valores do limiar do RGDT e o número de episódios de otite média. Os valores de média encontrados foram de 10 ms, desvio-padrão (dp)=2,7 ms, mediana=10 ms, moda=10ms, e valor mínimo encontrado igual a 5 ms e máximo igual a 15 ms. Comparados estes resultados com os de Dias (2004) estes valores foram maiores que os encontrados em crianças sem histórico de problema de ouvido ou de aprendizagem. Conclusão: a otite média recorrente nos primeiros anos de vida pode acarretar aumento na detecção de intervalos de silêncio o que pode explicar algumas das dificuldades de discriminação de ponto e modo articulatório encontradas nestas crianças
SAÚDE, Lara Moura Silva. "Análise comparativa entre os métodos auto-regressivo, integrado de médias móveis e rede neural artificial para previsão de séries temporais." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFEI, 2018. http://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/1357.
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Problemas de previsão estão presentes em diversas áreas do conhecimento e para explorá-los podem ser utilizadas diferentes metodologias. Este trabalho busca comparar a habilidade de previsão de duas destas técnicas: método auto-regressivo integrado de médias móveis (ARIMA) e redes neurais artificiais (RNA). A primeira pode ser considerada como técnica padrão e já é consagrada como ferramenta de auxílio na tomada de decisões. A segunda tem sido utilizada em profusão para problemas similares e apresenta-se como alternativa à previsão de séries temporais, pois assume menos restrições de uso, apesar de exigir uma simulação computacional mais complexa. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise comparativa de 27 problemas sedimentados, descritos no livro Introduction to Time Series Analysis and Forecasting escrito por Montgomery, Jennings e Kulahci. Para tal análise, foi calculado o erro MAPE (Mean absolute percentage error) de cada metodologia para todos os casos, possibilitando a comparação dos modelos. Através de teste estatístico, pôde identificar que a rede neural artificial resulta em um menor erro estatístico, com 95% de confiança a rede neural apresenta um MAPE inferior ao ARIMA, solucionando o problema inicial da pesquisa.
Lima, Aline Vieira Scarlatelli. "Avaliação dos parâmetros clínicos e polissonográficos do sono de pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal por esclerose mesial temporal resistente às drogas antiepilépticas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/134765.
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A relação entre sono e epilepsia é mútua e complexa. O sono é um conhecido ativador de crises e paroxismos epileptiformes (PEs) como pode ser observado em algumas síndromes epilépticas em que há um nítido padrão de distribuição das crises relacionado ao ciclo sono-vigília. Além do mais, a epilepsia e seus tratamentos têm efeitos sobre o sono, alterando sua estrutura e provocando fragmentação. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos da epilepsia sobre parâmetros objetivos e subjetivos do sono em um grupo homogêneo de pacientes com epilepsia de lobo temporal por esclerose mesial (ELT-EMT) resistente às medicações antiepilépticas. Para isso, a pesquisa foi feita através de questionários clínicos estruturados e previamente validados no Brasil, exame clínico, exame de imagem, videoeletroencefalografia (VEEG) e polissonografia (PSG). Cinquenta e seis pacientes com diagnóstico de ELT-EMT candidatos à cirurgia para controle da epilepsia responderam a questionários que incluíam história clínica detalhada, escala de sonolência de Epworth (ESE), índice de qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI), escala de sonolência de Stanford (ESS) e questionário adaptado de Fletcher & Luckett (FLAQ), exame neurológico, ressonância magnética (RM) de 1,5 T. Pacientes com ELT-EMT apresentaram fragmentação do sono, aumento da porcentagem de sono non rapid eyes movement (NREM) 3, redução do sono rapid eyes movement (REM) e presença do padrão alfa-delta. A análise dos PEs interictais mostrou a maior taxa de PEs/minuto durante o sono NREM3 e alta concordância em relação à localização da zona epileptogênica entre os PEs durante o sono e dados de RM. Concluímos que pacientes com ELT-EMT apresentam alterações da arquitetura do sono e que o sono NREM ativa os PEs focais tendo, estes, um bom valor localizatório da zona epileptogênica.
Abstract : The aim of this study was to assess the effect of epilepsy on objective and subjective sleep parameters in a homogeneous group of patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) through structured clinical questionnaires, video-electroencephalographic (VEEG) and polysomnographic (PSG) studies. Fifty six patients with definite diagnosis of MTLE who were candidates for epilepsy surgery underwent questionnaires that included detailed clinical history, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), the Fletcher & Luckett Adapted Questionnaire (FLAQ), neurological examination, 1.5T brain magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with medically resistant epilepsy by MTLE showed sleep fragmentation, increased of non rapid eye movement (NREM) 3 sleep, decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and increased alpha delta patterns. The analysis of interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) showed highest spike rate in NREM3 sleep and higher concordance with imaging data when IEDs were recorded in sleep. We concluded that patients with MTLE showed disrupted sleep architecture that can result in daytime dysfunction and sleep complains. Furthermore, NREM sleep activates focal IEDs and these - recorded during sleep - have high localizing value.
Sawakuchi, Henrique Oliveira. "Alteração no uso e cobertura do solo na bacia do médio rio Araguaia, Brasil central." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-20092010-104233/.
The central region of the Araguaia river basin encompasses a transition area between the Tropical Rain Forest and the Cerrado in Brazil. Despite of the fact that during the last four decades, this area has undergone an intense deforestation process, the quantification and impact of these changes are still unknown. Thus this study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of changes in landscape structure in the middle Araguaia river basin; and the driving factors of such changes.Chapter 1 of this thesis introduces the scientific contextualization of this research. The other 4 chapters present manuscripts to be submitted for publication. Chapter 2 analyzes the land use and land cover changes in the Cantão State Park region, Tocantins, for a period of 19 years, from 1981 to 2000. Our findings showed that the reduction of native vegetation and consequent increase of agricultural and pasture areas were related to the increase of fragmentation. We observed low conversion of native vegetation inside of the park area. However, these low rates of native vegetation losses may be associated with the geographical location of the reserve within the Araguaias floodplain.Chapter 3 present the results of the land use and land cover mapping of the middle Araguaia region for 1975, 1985, 1996 and 2007. To derive these maps, a hybrid classification method was implemented. The mapping showed an overall accuracy of 85%. The extent of native cover (forest, open cerrado and cerrado stricto) changes over the 32 years totalized a reduction of 26% of these land covers. The results of the effects of these changes in landscape structure and configuration were evaluated in Chapter 4. Our analysis of landscape composition showed that areas of forest and cerrado stricto were the most affected by conversions. Regarding the landscape configuration, there was a considerable reduction in the largest patch index, mainly of forest, which was followed by an increase in the number of small patches, which in turn was related to the increase of edge density, decrease of core areas and increase in the mean patch distance. These results indicate a high degree of fragmentation of remaining native vegetation.Finally, Chapter 5 analyzes the native vegetation cover remnants in 2007. Of the 166,000 km² of the study area, 86,808 km² were remnants of primary vegetation. Then, we performed a logistic regression analysis to identify the influence of distance from roads, distance from cities, slope, land tenure, fertility and the occurrence of flooding in the deforestation process. Significant values (p <0.05) for all variables were obtained, showing that the distance from roads and cities, slope increase, presence of conservation units, indigenous lands, wetlands and areas with low fertility have a positive influence for the presence and maintenance of primary vegetation. The analysis of these processes is very important for better understanding the regional dynamics of land use, and provide supporting information for a more efficient and sustainable regional planning.
Pinheiro, Maria Madalena Canina [UNIFESP]. "Processamento temporal e resposta auditiva de média latência em idosos candidatos e usuários de prótese auditiva." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9978.
Introdução: O envelhecimento pode ocasionar alterações no processamento temporal e nas funções cognitivas. A avaliação eletrofisiológica tem sido recomendada para complementar a avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo. Objetivo: Verificar e comparar as respostas auditivas comportamentais de processamento temporal e resposta de média latência com o processamento cognitivo em idosos, candidatos e novos usuários de próteses auditivas. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 60 idosos, sendo 20 sexo masculino e 40 sexo feminino, cuja faixa etária era 61 a 85 anos (média 71,7 anos), atendidos no Núcleo Integrado de Assistência, Pesquisa e Ensino da Audição (NIAPEA) da Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, todos novos usuários de prótese auditiva. Os indivíduos foram reunidos em dois grupos segundo o grau da perda auditiva, ao considerar as frequências de 500 a 4000 Hz do audiograma, denominados de Grupo I (GI) e Grupo II (GII). No GI os indivíduos apresentavam grau de perda auditiva inferior ou igual a 50 dB, e no GII, superior ou igual a 51 dB. Os aspectos cognitivos foram avaliados por meio do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Longa Latência – P300, Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e Escala de Avaliação da Doença de Alzheimer (ADAS-COG). Os procedimentos selecionados para contemplar os objetivos foram o Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Média Latência (PEAML), no qual foi estudada a latência das ondas Na e Pa (milissegundos), amplitude do complexo Na-Pa (microvolts) e quando ocorreu a presença de efeito auditivo e/ou eletrodo o exame foi considerado alterado. Ainda, foram aplicados o Teste Padrão de Duração (TPD) e Teste de Detecção de Gap no Ruído (GIN) no qual foram analisadas as respostas de identificação correta, e o limar de acuidade temporal. Resultados: Os idosos usuários de prótese auditiva apresentaram menor limiar de acuidade temporal, maior reconhecimento de gaps e de discriminação do padrão de duração, menor latência e diminuição das alterações do PEAML em relação ao momento em que eram candidatos. Quando mostravam déficits no processamento da informação em área auditiva primária, apresentaram prejuízo na habilidade auditiva de resolução temporal, que piorava na presença de alteração cognitiva. Conclusão: Houve deterioração das habilidades de resolução e ordenação temporal, independente do grau da perda auditiva, mostrando o efeito- idade originado pelo envelhecimento. As respostas do Potencial Evocado de Média Latência também não foram influenciadas pelo grau da perda auditiva e ocorreu mudança significativa na reavaliação após a aclimatização. Assim, o efeito de estimulação acústica pelo uso de prótese auditiva melhorou a habilidade auditiva de ordenação temporal, resolução temporal e o processamento das informações do Sistema Nervoso Auditivo Central até o córtex temporal primário. O comportamento de ordenação temporal não se modificou nos idosos com alterações cognitivas, no entanto indivíduos sem alteração cognitiva têm menor déficit na integridade funcional das áreas auditivas primárias e melhora no comportamento de resolução temporal.
Introduction: Aging can cause alterations in temporal processing and cognitive functions. Electrophysiological evaluation has been widely recommended to complement the behavioral evaluation of auditory processing. Objective: Verify and compare the behavioral auditory responses of temporal processing and the auditory middle latency response with cognitive processing in elderly candidates for and users of hearing aids. Methods: Sixty elderly people participated in the study, 20 males and 40 females, ranging in age from 61 to 85 (avg. 71.7) who are attended at the Integrated Hearing Assistance, Research and Education Center (NIAPEA) of the Federal University at São Paulo, and who are all new users of hearing aids. The individuals were organized in two groups according to their degree of hearing loss, considering frequencies of 500- 4000 Hz on the audiogram, denominated Group I (GI) and Group II (GII). In GI, the individuals had a degree of hearing loss lower than 50 dB and in GII above 50 dB. The cognitive factors were evaluated by means of long-latency auditory evoked potential tests– P300, Mini mental state examination (MMSE) and the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-COG). The procedures selected to achieve the objectives were the Middle Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials (MLAEP) tests, which studied the latency of the Na and Pa waves in milliseconds, and the amplitude of Na-Pa (μv). When an auditory and or electrode effect was present, the exam was considered altered. The Duration Pattern Tests (TPD) and Gap in Noise (GIN) test were used to analyze the responses of correct identification, and the gap detection threshold. Results: Elderly people who use hearing aids display a lower gap detection threshold, greater recognition of gaps and of discrimination of the duration pattern, lower latency and decrease in MLAEP in relation to the time when they were candidates. When they displayed deficits in information processing in auditory cortex, they displayed losses in the temporal resolution ability, which became worse in the presence of cognitive alteration. Conclusion: The temporal ordering and temporal resolution abilities deteriorated independent of the degree of hearing loss, revealing the age effect. The responses to Middle Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials tests were not influenced by the degree of hearing loss and significant changes in reassessment occurred after acclimatization. Thus, the effect of acoustic stimulation by the use of a hearing aid improved the hearing ability of temporal ordering, temporal resolution and the processing of information from the Central Auditory Nervous System to the primary auditory cortex. The behavior of temporal ordering did not change in the elderly with cognitive alterations; however, individuals without cognitive alterations had lower deficits in the functional integrity of the primary hearing areas and improvement in the behavior of temporal resolution.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
JESUS, Allan Jamesson Silva de. "Distribuição espaço-temporal de macroinvertebrados aquáticos do médio Rio Xingu, Altamira - PA." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/5689.
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O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a estrutura da assembléia de macroinvertebrados bentônicos no médio rio Xingu, estimando a produção secundária anual. Dois ambientes no setor do médio rio Xingu foram estudados, um lêntico (lago da Ilha Grande) e o canal principal. No lago foram realizadas coletas nos habitats marginal e profundo, utilizando amostrador tipo core e uma draga Ekiman-Birge; já nos habitats de corredeira e remanso no canal principal, os organismos foram coletados com uma rede tipo surber e core. As coletas ocorerram durante 12 meses abrangendo o período de cheia (janeiro a maio) e da seca (junho a dezembro) local. Foram coletados um total de 23.432 indivíduos da macrofauna bentônica, referentes a 43 táxons, 8 classes e 4 filos. Os insetos e gastrópodes corresponderam, respectivamente, a 47% e 36% do total de exemplares capturados. A maior diversidade de táxons foi registrada para os ambientes de corredeiras. O ambiente de remanso do rio por sua vez foi muito similar em riqueza de espécies, ao ambiente marginal do lago. A densidade média no período de seca foi de 1.605,75 ind.m-2, e no período da cheia de 894,43 ind.m-2. Leptophlebiidae, Hydropsychidae e Chironomidae, com 29,0%, 21,4% e 13,1%, respectivamente contribuíram com maior abundância no ambiente de rio. Já para o lago, os Chironomidae (34,6%) Oligochaeta (23,2%), Chaoboridade (14,7%) e Nematoda (14,5%) contribuíram com a maior proporção da densidade. As diferenças encontradas nas assembléias de macroinvertebrados entre habitats foram relacionadas a diferenças de oxigênio dissolvido e nutrientes. Os ambientes de corredeira foram os mais diferenciados de todos os habitats estudados.
The arm of this study was to avaluate the structure of the Benthic Macroinvertebrate assemblage an annual cycle in the Xingu River system, Brazil, measuring the annual secondary production. Two environments were studied in the middle Xingu River: the main channel and an insular lake. In the Lake were investigate the marginal and deeper habitats, with an Ekman-Birge grab. The habitats studied in the main channel were the rapids and the low flowing waters, with a surber net and corer. Were collected 23,432 macrobenthic orgamisms of 43 taxa, 8 classes and 4 phyla. The insects and gastropods compose the 47% and 36% of the total individuals collected, respectively. Rapids show the main taxa diversity. The fluvial low flowing and the marginal lake environments were very similar in species number. The mean density during the low waters was 1,605.75 ind.m-2, and during the flooding season was 894.43 ind.m-2. Leptophlebiidae, Hydropsychidae and Chironomidae were, respectively, the most relative abundants in the River with 29,0%, 21,4% and 13,07%. However, in the Lake Chironomidae (34,6%), Oligochaeta (23,2%), Chaoboridade (14,7%) and Nematoda (14,5%) were the most relative abundants. The macroinvertebrate assemblages differences between habitats were related with oxygen deficit in the waters and nutrients dissolved. The rapids were the more dissimilar habitat between all studied.
Zanata, Lucí Helena. "Distribuição das populações de Cladocera (Branchiopoda) nos reservatórios do médio e baixo Tietê: uma análise espacial e temporal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-20022006-180205/.
Artificial reservoirs are ecosystems with broad economic and social importance; however, they modify hydrological and ecological characteristics of the environment, interfering on the organization of biotic communities, which, in turn, play fundamental role in the transference of energy in the ecosystem. Spatial and temporal organization may occur on these environments, resulting in distinct communities composition and distribution. Aiming to verify this organization, the zooplanktonic community had been evaluated, focusing on Cladocera populations. The analysis was based on samples collected on stations distributed along the longitudinal axis of the medium and low Tietê river reservoirs (SP), in february, may, july, and october, 2000. Data obtained had been correlated to environmental parameters, such as pH, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, suspended material, nutrients, and chlorophyll-a. The results indicated an expected differentiation on physical and chemical characteristics along the longitudinal axis of Tietê river, as much as on the organisms\' abundance and distribution. The reservoirs from medium Tietê were found to be more eutrophicated than those from low Tietê, in the periods analyzed, a result probably related to the pollutant discharge coming from the more urbanized and industrialized region of São Paulo state, which enriches the system. Most of this material form sediment or becomes assimilated on the first reservoirs, resulting in significant improvement of the water quality on the cascade longitudinal axis, for the majority of the variables analyzed. Similarly to physical and chemical characteristics, the biological community also showed differentiation in the longitudinal axis of the cascade system. Higher abundance of organisms occurred on the medium Tietê, where the Cladocera community had been composed mostly by small sized species, mainly of the genus Ceriodaphnia, while significant reduction of these values was observed on low Tietê, where higher size species of the genus Daphnia and Simocephalus were relatively more abundant. The species diversity was higher on the regions with elevate abundance of organisms. The environmental characteristics found in the system caused the emergence of organisms with several degrees of morphological alterations; in some cases, the malformations can be congenital and, in others, the attack by microorganisms was evident
Bonneau-Arnault, Patricia. "Les connexions du cortex temporal chez le rat : relations privilegiées avec le complexe genouillé médian et l'aire péripédonculaire." Poitiers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990POIT2285.
LOIOLA, Marcus Vinícius do Carmo. "Geotecnologias aplicadas ao ensino de geografia: um recurso tecnológico de aprendizado para o ensino médio." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2018. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/896.
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A informática está cada vez mais presente na vida escolar, seja via internet, multimídia ou outros. Compreender a espacialidade dos fenômenos estudados, no presente e no passado, e compará-lo por meio de suas sobreposições, é algo que a própria Geografia busca fazer, e compreender e utilizar a linguagem cartográfica, ampliando as possibilidades dos alunos de analisar informações em vários campos do conhecimento, além de contribuir para a estruturação de uma noção espacial. O objetivo desse projeto foi de aplicar as possibilidades de uso de geotecnologias como incentivo para o ensino da geografia na EEEFM Plínio Lemos, do município de Puxinanã – PB, buscando verificar a visão temporal dos educandos a cerca de seu meio ambiente e as modificações ao longo do tempo. Foi aplicado um questionário nas turmas do 3º Ano médio, turno manhã, onde 50% afirmaram saber o que são geotecnologias e que têm acesso a softwares do gênero (Google Earth, Wikimapia e GPS-Sistema de Posicionamento Global), 73,8% disseram não terem sentido dificuldade em responder o questionário, no entanto, o tempo usado para responder o mesmo bem como as vezes em que os aplicadores do questionário foram chamados para tirar dúvidas mostram o contrário. É importante destacar que 85,7% dos alunos afirmaram que nunca tinham ouvido falar esse termo por parte do professor da disciplina.
Information technology is increasingly present in school life, either via the Internet or other multimedia. Understanding the spatiality of the phenomena studied, the present and the past, and compare it with their overlapping, is something that own search geography do, and understand and use the cartographic language, expanding the possibilities of students to analyze information in various fields of knowledge, and contribute to the development of a space notion. The project goal was to apply the geo usage possibilities as an incentive to the teaching of geography in EEEFM Pliny Lemos, the municipality of Puxinanã – PB, seeking to verify the temporal vision of the students about their environment and changes over of time. A questionnaire in class 3rd year average was applied, morning shift, where 50% said they know what they are geotechnology and who have access to the genus software (Google Earth, Wikimapia and Global Positioning System-GPS), 73.8% said they did not have experienced difficulty in answering the questionnaire, however, the time used to answer the same and the times in which the questionnaire applicators were called to answer questions show otherwise. Importantly, 85.7% of students said they had never heard that term by the subject teacher.
Azevedo, Cátia Alexandra Cardoso. "Evolução morfológica e hidrodinâmica a curta e média escala temporal: setor costeiro entre Poço da Cruz e Mira." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16435.
A costa noroeste de Portugal é caraterizada pela sua elevada fragilidade ao clima de agitação marítima que, em junção com o défice sedimentar sentido nas últimas décadas, a tornam vulnerável à erosão costeira. O objetivo geral deste trabalho pretende estabelecer a relação entre as condições de agitação marítima e a evolução morfológica entre as praias do Poço da Cruz e a Praia de Mira. Deste modo foram consideradas duas escalas temporais de análise: média escala temporal, ordem da década e, curta escala temporal, período final do inverno marítimo de 2014. Na escala temporal média foram analisados dados topográficos adquiridos em campanhas de monitorização realizadas entre 2003 e 2015, e dados de clima de agitação simulados para um ponto ao largo da zona de estudo, para o mesmo período. Na análise de curta escala temporal, os dados topográficos foram adquiridos em levantamentos realizados entre março e abril de 2015 e os dados de clima de agitação são observados e provenientes da boia ondógrafo de Leixões. Entre 2003 e 2015 a variabilidade morfológica observada no setor em estudo pode ser dividida em duas fases. A primeira de 2003 a 2010 com perdas de volume que atingem os 150 m3/m e a segunda, de 2011 até ao presente, com variações de volume absoluto relacionadas com a sazonalidade e respondendo ao clima de agitação. A divisão do segmento de costa em seções permitiu compreender que o setor não responde de maneira uniforme às condições de agitação, com o recuo mais acentuado da linha de costa a norte e menos a sul. A análise de curta escala mostra que Hs maiores, associadas a eventos de temporal, induzem perda de sedimento na face da praia e que, Hs menores - inferiores a 3 metros, proporcionam um aumento da cota altimétrica. Também neste período se observa uma resposta desigual à agitação marítima, nos diferentes perfis.
The northwest coast of Portugal is characterized by high fragility to sea waves climate that, in junction with the sedimentary deficit in recent decades, make it vulnerable to coastal erosion. This study aims to establish the relationship between the wave propagation conditions and morphological evolution between the beaches of Poço da Cruz and Praia de Mira. Were considered two time scales of analysis: average time scale, order of the decade and, short timescale, final period of the maritime winter 2014. The average timescale analysis topographical data acquired in monitoring campaigns carried out between 2003 and 2015, and wave climate data simulated at point off the study area for the same period. In the short time scale analysis, the topographic data were acquired on surveys carried out between march and april 2015, and the wave climate data from the Leixões wave buoy. Between 2003 and 2015 the morphological variability observed in the sector under study can be divided into two phases. The first, from 2003 to 2010, with volume losses up to 150 m3/m and the second from 2011 to the present, with absolute volume changes related to seasonality and responding to the wave climate. The division of coast segment into sections allows us to understand that the sector does not respond uniformly to the wave conditions, showing higher rates of beach erosion in the northern sections. The short scale analysis shows that higher Hs, associated with the temporal events, induce sediment loss in the beach face, and minor Hs - less than 3 meters, provide an increase in beach level. Also in this period we observe an uneven response to the wave propagation in different profiles.
NODARI, J. Z. "Padrão de atividade e segregação temporal entre mamíferos de médio e grande porte na Mata Atlântica." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/9425.
Os organismos de uma comunidade diferem quanto ao seu nicho trófico, espacial ou temporal para coexistirem. A descrição do padrão de atividade é fundamental para compreensão do nicho temporal e nos auxilia no entendimento dos mecanismos que regulam a coexistência de espécies. Dessa forma, o presente estudo determinou o padrão de atividade (hora de atividade e sazonalidade) dos mamíferos de médio e grande porte e as estratégias de segregação temporal em um remanescente de Mata Atlântica de Tabuleiro. Para isso, foram utilizados registros obtidos de armadilhas fotográficas que operaram em diferentes períodos amostrais, entre 2005 e 2010. As 24 horas do dia foram divididas em intervalos de uma hora e o resultado do período de atividade foi representado em diagrama de rosas. Para compreender a variação da sazonalidade no número de registro e no período de atividade de cada espécie, foram realizados o teste Qui-quadrado e de Mardia-Whatson-Wheeler, respectivamente. Para avaliar a segregação temporal, os dez táxons de mamíferos foram dividos de acordo com quatro guildas tróficas: herbívoros de médio porte, herbívoros de grande porte, onívoros e carnívoros, e posteriormente foram comparados com o teste de Mardia-Whatson-Wheeler. Os períodos de atividade de todos os mamíferos foram similares ao de outros estudos, demonstrando ser uma característica espécie-especifica. Houveram mudanças sazonais no período de atividade de algumas espécies, como por exemplo para a paca e a anta. Três guildas tróficas apresentaram segregação temporal e, apenas a guilda dos carnívoros apresentou sobreposição temporal entre seus representantes, sendo, provavelmente, o consumo de presas de tamanhos diferentes o mecanismo que regula a coexistência desses felinos. O estudo do padrão de atividade é importante, pois fornece informações sobre a história natural e o nicho temporal das espécies e subsidia a compreensão das interações entre táxons que competem pelos mesmos recursos e entre presas e predadores. Além disso, auxilia na formulação de ações de conservação ligadas às ações antrópicas como a presença de caça ilegal, cachorros domésticos e estradas.
BRITO, Stélio Ângelo da Costa. "Variação espaço-temporal do zooplâncton em diferentes ambientes do médio Rio Xingu-PA." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufpa.br:8080/jspui/handle/2011/1707.
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Spatial and temporal variation studies of the zooplankton in the middle Xingu river Brazil, were made for two insular lakes and fluvial environments. The samples were made in a monthly periodicity along one year. The species diversity, the relative and absolute abundance, the biomass, the secudary production and the functional groups were founded. For all the environments studied, one hundred and sixty six species related to three main groups were recorded: one hundred and forty one species of Rotifera; twenty Cladocera species; five species of Copepoda and another group mainly compose of larval stages of insects. In the dry season the Rotifera registered the main density, and during the wet season the low. By the rarefaction curves were detected that the Pimental Lake, and the slow and rapid waters in the main channel show not asymptotic curves for the species diversity. In different sense, the Ilha Grande Lake shows the asymptotic curve for the 12 month with 70 species. For the Boa Esperança and Arroz Cru fluvial environments, the mean total density of zooplankton shows a seasonal variation with the main values for the dry season, especially for the Rotifera group. The dry biomass oscillated between 0,063 a 2,2 g.m-2. In the seasonal variation, the Ilha Grande Lake shows the main biomass variation with range of 0,39 a 1,2 g.m-2 during the wet season and 0,66 g.m-2 during the dry season. A similarity analysis indicated a 35% for all the environments studied in the seasonal variation, with seven similar groups identified. The group G included the Pimental Lake in the wet season as more dissimilar. A SIMPER analysis shows a high mean internal similarity (58%) between the rapid environments during the wet season. The slow river waters with a mean similarity of 48% and, finally lakes with an internal similarity of only 23%. The main dissimilarity was founded for the rapids and lakes environments, during the wet season (70%). A bi-factorial analysis not shows significant differences between the environments studied (ANOSIM r = 0,263; P = 0,2). The Lakes show zooplankton communities statistically different of other environments in the middle Xingu river. The detritivore, filter and omnivore feeding habits predominated in the more abundant forms. In summary, the aquatic environments in the Xingu river, show a pattern of main diversification of Rotifera and Cladocera, which corroborated the founded for another Amazon environments with different types of waters in the Sioli classification. A reduction of the zooplankton viii density related to the wet season, can be associated with the dilution by the waters of the Xingu river, and a perturbation effect in the Lake environments stability.
Estudos relacionados à variação espacial e sazonal das comunidades zooplanctônicas de um trecho do médio Rio Xingu, no Estado do Pará, foram realizados em dois ambientes de lagos e de canal. As coletas foram realizadas com periodicidade mensal durante um ciclo anual, estimando-se os parâmetros:diversidade, densidade, biomassa, produção secundária e os grupos funcionais de cada localidade (lago, remanso e corredeira). Um total de 166 espécies pertencentes principalmente a três grupos taxonômicos foi registrado para todos os ambientes: Rotifera 141 espécies; Cladocera com 20 espécies; e Copepoda com cinco espécies. A maior densidade numérica foi de Rotifera no período de seca, com diminuição na cheia. As estimativas do número esperado de espécies baseado nas curvas de rarefação mostrou que a diversidade zooplanctônica no lago Pimental, ambientes de remanso e corredeiras, não atingiram a assíntota para a riqueza total de espécies coletadas. Para o Lago da Ilha Grande, a riqueza foi menor em relação aos outros ambientes estudados, e atingiu a assíntota no décimo segundo mês de coleta. A densidade total média (org.m-3) do zooplâncton, para os ambientes de canal do rio, nos pontos de Boa Esperança e Arroz Cru, apresentou uma variação sazonal com os maiores valores para o período da seca, sendo que os rotíferos constituíram o grupo taxonômico melhor representado em termos de densidade. A biomassa total seca apresentou uma variação de 0,063 a 2,2 g.m-2. O lago da Ilha Grande foi o ambiente que apresentou maior dispersão na biomassa com valores de 0,39 a 1,2 g.m-2 no período da cheia e 0,66 g.m-2 para período da seca. Sete grupos foram encontrados em 35% de similaridade entre os ambientes estudados na variação sazonal. O grupo formado por organismos do Lago de Pimental no período de cheia foi o mais dissimilar. De acordo com a análise de similaridade das porcentagens (SIMPER), houve uma similaridade interna média, no período da cheia, dos ambientes de corredeira com aproximadamente 58%; remanso com similaridade média de 48% e de Lago, apresentando uma baixa similaridade interna de 23%. A dissimilaridade foi maior entre os ambientes de corredeira e lago, ambos no período de cheia (70%). A Análise de similaridade bifatorial indicou que não há diferenças significativas entre os ambientes estudados (ANOSIM r = 0,263; P = 0,2). Os lagos foram os que apresentaram comunidades vi zooplanctônicas estatisticamente diferenciadas dos demais ambientes no médio Rio Xingu. Para os ambientes estudados, as principais espécies encontradas apresentaram diferentes hábitos alimentares, sendo estas detritívoras, filtradoras e onívoras. Os resultados obtidos para os ambientes aquáticos do médio Rio Xingu mostraram um padrão de maior diversificação dos Rotifera e dos Cladocera, confirmando os estudos para outros ambientes amazônicos, onde ao que parece, ocorre esta tendência independentemente do tipo de águas dentro da classificação de Sioli. Os distintos ambientes apresentaram uma redução na densidade do zooplâncton, que acompanharam o aumento do volume das águas do rio, e que pode estar associada com o forte efeito diluidor das águas pelo aumento do nível do rio, e por sua vez, um efeito perturbador na estabilidade dos ambientes de lago.
Bittencourt, Aline Gomes. "Referências anatômicas ao giro basal da cóclea no assoalho da fossa craniana média para o implante coclear." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-05082014-151655/.
Introduction: The classic technique for cochlear implantation uses mastoidectomy followed by posterior tympanotomy. The middle cranial fossa approach has proved to be a valuable alternative for cochlear implantation, although the standardization of this technique is still needed. Objectives: To describe a novel approach through the middle cranial fossa for exposing the cochlear basal turn for cochlear implantation. Materials And Methods: Anatomical temporal bone study. Fifty temporal bones were dissected. A cochleostomy was performed via a middle fossa approach on the most superficial part of the cochlear basal turn, using the meatal plane and superior petrous sinus as the main landmarks. The distance between the landmarks, the angle between the cochleostomy and the meatal plane, and the distance between this structure and the round window were measured. A computed tomography was performed on 5 of the studied temporal bones. Results: In all 50 temporal bones, only the superficial portion of the cochlear basal turn was uncovered. The cochlear exposure allowed both the scala tympani and vestibule to be exposed. The mean ± SD minor and major distances between the cochleostomy and the meatal plane were estimated to be 2.48±0.88mm and 3.11±0.86mm, respectively. The mean distance from the cochleostomy to the round window was 8.38±1.96mm, and that to the superior petrosal sinus was 9.19±1.59mm. The mean minor and major distances between the cochleostomy and the long axis of the meatal plane from its most proximal portion were estimated to be 6.63±1.38mm and 8.29±1.43mm, respectively. The mean angle between the cochleostomy and the meatal plane was 22.54±7.400. The computed tomography of all 5 temporal bones demonstrated the insertion of the implant array from the cochlear basal turn towards its apex. Conclusion: The proposed technique for identifying the cochlear basal turn is simple and trustworthy. Additionally, it enables visualization of the scala tympani, facilitating the insertion of the cochlear implant array through this chamber
Zingano, Bianca de Lemos. "Validação de instrumentos de rastreio para depressão em pacientes com epilepsia mesial temporal refratária." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/135481.
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Objetivo: avaliar a validade global e a utilidade para rastreio de depressão da Escala de Depressão de Hamilton (HRSD), do Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), da Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS) total e da subescala Depressão (HADS-D) em pacientes com epilepsia mesial temporal com esclerose do hipocampo (EMT-EH) refratária. Método: Cento e vinte e três pacientes com EMT-EH refratária foram arrolados consecutivamente. Todos os pacientes tiveram exame neurológico, análise interictal e ictal de vídeo-EEG e imagem de ressonância magnética (IRM) do crânio como exame complementar. A avaliação psiquiátrica foi baseada na quarta edição do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM-IV-TR) como ?padrão-ouro? diagnóstico. HRSD, Beck, HADS e HADS-D foram as escalas psicométricas utilizadas como instrumento de rastreio para depressão. Resultado: Na análise de característica de operação do receptor (ROC) todas as escalas apresentaram áreas sob a curva (AUC) próximas a 0,8, sem diferença significativa entre elas. O ponto de corte = 9 na HRSD e = 8 na HADS-D mostraram sensibilidades maiores que 70% e especificidades próximas a 80%, com valores preditivos positivos (VPP) na faixa de 50% e valores preditivos negativos (VPN) próximos a 90%. O ponto de corte = 19 em ambas as escalas, Beck e HADS, apresentou cerca de 55% de sensibilidade e cerca de 90% de especificidade, com VPP maiores que 60% e VPN na faixa de 80%. Conclusões: Todos os instrumentos demonstraram capacidade discriminativa e boa validade global na avaliação da depressão na ELTM-EH refratária. HRSD e HADS-D tiveram pontos de corte ótimos próximos aos pontos de corte padrão na depressão geral, com um bom balanço entre sensibilidade e especificidade, e assim parecem úteis para uso clínico sem maiores ajustes. BDI e HADS foram pouco sensíveis nos pontos de corte ótimos. Para todas as escalas, o VPP foi moderado e o VPN alto nos pontos de corte ótimos, indicando maior utilidade para descartar depressão em um contexto de rastreio.
Abstract : Objective: To evaluate the global validity and utility for screening of depression of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D) in patients with refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS).Methods: One hundred and three consecutive patients with refractory MTLE-HS were enrolled. All patients had neurological examination, interictal and ictal video-EEG analyses and MRI as complementary exams. Psychiatric evaluation was based on 4th Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) criteria and ILAE Commission of Psychobiology as gold standard diagnosis. HRSD, BDI, HADS and HADS-D were utilized as psychometric screening tools to be evaluated.Results: All the area under the curve (AUC) were approximately 0.8, there were no statistically significant differences among them. A cutoff point = 9 on the HRSD and a cutoff point = 8 on the HADS-D showed sensitivity greater than 70% and specificity of around 80% with positive predictive values (PPV) in the range of 50% and negative predictive values (NPV) near 90%. A cutoff point = 19 on the BDI and HADS total showed a sensitivity of around 55% and a specificity of 90% with PPV greater than 60% and NPV around of 80% .Significance: all instruments showed discriminative capacity and good global validity in assessing depression in refractory TLE-HS. HRSD and HADS-D had optimal cutoffs close to the standard cutoff points for the general depression, with a good balance between sensitivity and specificity, and thus appear useful for clinical use without major adjustments. BDI and HADS had low sensitivity in optimal cutoffs. For all scales, the PPV was moderate and the NPV was high in optimal cutoffs, indicating more useful to rule out depression in a screening context.
Lesser, Juan Carlos Cisneros. "Avaliação do trauma intracoclear causado pela inserção do feixe de eletrodos do implante coclear via fossa média em ossos temporais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-03052017-152606/.
Introduction: In recent years, a middle fossa approach has been described for the insertion of cochlear implants, and it proved to be a reliable alternative for implantation in patients with chronic supurative otitis media, unstable mastoid cavities with recurrent otorrhea, partially ossified cochlea and in some cases of inner ear dysplasia. Until now, no research has been done to describe if this approach allows for anatomic preservation and non-traumatic insertions comparable to those through the round window. Objective: To evaluate cochlear trauma when the cochlear implant electrode is inserted through a middle fossa approach by means of histologic and imaging studies in temporal bones. Methods: 20 temporal bones retrieved before 24 hours after death were implanted through a middle cranial fossa cochleostomy in the basal turn of the cochlea. Ten received a straight electrode and 10 a perimodiolar electrode. After reducing the bone size with preservation of the inner ear structures, the temporal bones were fixed, dehydrated and embedded in an epoxy resin. CT scans were performed to determine if an adequate direction of insertion was attained, the depth of insertion and the distance between the cochleostomy and the round window. At last, the samples were polished by micro-grinding technique and microscopically visualized to evaluate intracochlear trauma. Results: The CT-scan showed an adequate intracoclear position of the electrode in all the samples. In the straight electrode group the average number of inserted electrodes was 12.3 (10 to 14) against 15.1 (14- 16) for the perimodiolar (U=78, p=0.0001). The median depth of insertion was significantly larger for the perimodiolar electrode group (14.4mm vs. 12.5mm U=66, p = 0.021). Only one atraumatic insertion was achieved and 70% of the samples had important trauma (grades 3 and 4). No differences were identified for the trauma grades between the two groups of electrodes. Also, there were no differences in trauma if the cochlear implants were inserted in the direction of the basal turn of the cochlea or in the direction of the middle and apical turns. Conclusions: The surgical technique that was used allowed for a proper intracochlear insertion of the electrodes in all 20 temporal bones but it does not guarantee a correct scala tympani position and carries high trauma risk for the intracochlear microstructures
Pellegrino, Christophe. "Neurotoxicité et neuroprotection médiées par les récepteurs NMDA : organisation spacio-temporelle de la voie des MAP kinases." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22032.pdf.
My thesis project, is centered on the dichotomous role of the NMDAR and on the activation of the MAPKs signaling pathways. Many deseases and physiologic processes of the central nervous system are under control of the same type of molecules. This molecule is the NMDAR. This ionotropic glutamate receptor can trigger different responses based upon different stimuli. This discrepancy in neuronal cells could lead i) to physiologic responses such as LTP, LTD, neurite outgrowth and synapse formation, ii) to physiopathologic respones and as a final consequence could trigger cell death. The mechanisms underlying these phenomenom are not well known. It becomes crucial to determine how the NMDAR can discriminate between these different situmuli. Previous publications (Ivanov et al. , 2006;Krapivinsky et al. , 2003;Krapivinsky et al. , 2004) have all in common to highlight a specific coupling between NMDAR and the signaling cascades (Ras, Rap). Our work suggests that NMDAR could modulate ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. My hypothesis is that the selectivity occurs at different level, i) depending on the localization of the receptor, ii) depending on the composition of the receptor, iii) and finally depending on the signaling pathway linked to the receptor. During these three years, i tried to understand how these stimuli could modulate the NMDAR. This work leads me i) to develop some technical tools (Ackman et al. , 2009;Buerli et al. , 2007), ii) to make some important discoveries on the NMDAR functionning. That exists a differential ERK regulation depending on the location of the NMDAR (Ivanov et al. , 2006). That specific isoforms of p38 have differential functions in neuronal cells (Pellegrino et al. , in preparation)
Wilmer, Fernanda Agapito Pássaro. "Tendência temporal na prevalência de asma e rinoconjuntivite em adolescentes e escolares na cidade de Florianópolis." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/122674.
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Introdução: A asma é a doença respiratória crônica mais comum da infância e da adolescência. Pessoas de todas as idades, em todo o mundo, são afetadas por esta condição que, quando não controlada, pode limitar a qualidade de vida e, às vezes, até ser fatal. Estima-se que a asma acometa cerca de 300 milhões de indivíduos no mundo, projetando-se um acréscimo de 100 milhões de asmáticos até 2025. No Brasil, se considerarmos uma prevalência média de 10% de asma diagnosticada por médico, existem aproximadamente 20 milhões de asmáticos. Objetivo: Analisar as tendências da prevalência de asma e seus sintomas e rinoconjuntivite, entre 2001 e 2012 em escolares de Florianópolis, com idade entre 12 e 14 anos. Métodos: Foram realizados dois estudos transversais utilizando a mesma metodologia e mesmo questionário (estudo ISAAC) em escolares da cidade de Florianópolis (SC) com idade entre 12 e 14 anos. O primeiro estudo, realizado em 2001, envolveu 3053 escolares e o segundo, realizado em 2012, envolveu 2563 escolares. A taxa de resposta foi de 75,5% em 2001 e de 81% em 2012. Resultados: A prevalência de relato de asma foi de 10,9% em 2001 e de 14,8% em 2012 (p < 0,001), com uma variação média no período de 2,8%. A maior variação média no período de asma foi observada entre os escolares do gênero feminino (4,1%). Paralelamente houve um aumento significativo no relato de diagnóstico médico de asma, que em 2001 foi de 7,3% e em 2012 foi de 11,1% (p < 0,001) com uma variação anual de 4,5%. Os maiores aumentos no relato de diagnóstico médico de asma ocorreram em meninas (5,9%) e em escolares da rede pública (4,5%). Além disto, houve um incremento expressivo no relato de rinoconjuntivite, uma variação média no período de 5,2%. Em contraste, o relato de sintomas de asma grave permaneceu inalterado, enquanto que houve um decréscimo na variação anual no período no relato de sibilos atuais (-1,3%) e de sibilos aos exercícios (-1,2%). Por outro lado, em ambos os períodos do estudo, o relato de sintomas graves de asma, sibilos atuais, sibilos aos exercícios, tosse seca noturna, rinoconjuntivite e diagnóstico de médico de asma foi significativamente maior entre os escolares que relataram asma alguma vez do que entre aqueles que negaram. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que houve um aumento significativo na variação anual no período na prevalência do relato de asma e seus sintomas e de rinoconjuntivite entre 2001 a 2012 em escolares de Florianópolis com idade entre 12 e 14 anos. Esta tendência está muito acima da observada em outros países e no Brasil, sugerindo que fatores locais podem estar envolvidos e merecem ser investigados em estudos futuros.
Abstractc : Introduction: Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease of childhood and adolescence. People of all ages around the world are affected by this condition which, if not controlled, can limit the quality of life and sometimes even be fatal. It is estimated that asthma affects approximately 300 million individuals worldwide, projecting an increase of 100 million asthmatics in 2025. In Brazil, if we consider an average prevalence of 10% of physician-diagnosed asthma, there are approximately 20 million asthmatics. Objective: To analyze time trends in the prevalence of asthma and asthma symptoms and rhinoconjunctivitis, between 2001 and 2012 in schoolchildren from Florianópolis, aged 12 and 14 years. Methods: Two cross-sectional studies were conducted using the same methodology and the same questionnaire (ISAAC study) in schoolchildren from Florianópolis (SC) aged 12 and 14 years. The first study, conducted in 2001, involved 3053 students and the second, conducted in 2012, involved 2563 students. The response rate was 75,5% in 2001 and 81% in 2012. Results: The prevalence of reported asthma was 10.9% in 2001 and 14.8% in 2012 (p <0,001), with an average annual growth of 2,8% in the period. The highest average variation in the period of asthma was observed among female students (4,1%). This was paralleled by a significant increase in reported physician-diagnosed asthma of 7,3% in 2001 and in 2012 of 11.1% (p < 0,001) with an annual variation of 4,5%. The largest increases in the reported physician-diagnosed asthma occurred in girls (5,9%) and in students of public school (4,5%). Also, there was a significant increase in reported rhinoconjunctivitis, an average variation in the period of 5,2%.In contrast, reports of severe symptoms of asthma remained unchanged, while there was a decrease in the annual change in the period in the reporting of current wheezing (-1.3%) and wheezing after exercising (-1,2%). On the other hand, in both study periods, the reported severe symptoms of asthma, current wheeze, wheezing after exercising, nocturnal dry cough, rhinoconjunctivitis and physician-diagnosed asthma was significantly higher among students who reported asthma ever than among those who denied it. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that, between 2001 and 2012 there was a significant increase in the annual variation in the reporting period in the prevalence of asthma and its symptoms and of rhinoconjunctivitis by schoolchildren aged 12 and 14 years in Florianópolis. This trend is well above that found in other countries and in Brazil, suggesting that local factors may be involved and deserve to be investigated in future studies.
ANTONINI, Jorge Cesar dos Anjos. "Modelagem matemática da variação espaço-temporal da temperatura média diária e do ciclo do algodoeiro herbáceo no Estado de Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/453.
The regional climatic conditions in the State of Goias Brazil are favorable for herbaceous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium hutch) cultivation. However, for achieving the best productivities, it is important that both the planting date and the fruiting period be matched with the adequate soil-water availability as well as that the period from open bull to harvesting be coincident with the dry period. Thus, the knowledge of cotton cycle as function of planting location is very important for choosing the optimum planting date. In this context, the air temperature is one of the climatic variables that mostly influence the cotton growth. Nevertheless, the low density of meteorological stations with capability for measuring temperature has restricted the modeling studies for estimating cotton cycle. This work was carried out with the objective of developing and validating mathematical models to estimate average daily air temperature and based on the degreesday theory, the cycle of herbaceous cotton in the State of Goias, considering altogether its variations in space and time. Both models were based on a linear combination of elevation, latitude, longitude, and the daily time variation, represented by an incomplete Fourier series. The parameter models were adjusted to the data from 21 meteorological stations available in the State of Goiás and Federal District of Brazil, using multiple linear regressions with observations varying from eight to twenty four years. In the case of modeling degrees-day, the maximum and minimum temperature data were limited between 15°C and 40°C, which were taken as the lower and upper threshold temperatures, respectively. The air-temperature model was validated against the measured data from three meteorological stations from different elevations: high (1100 m), medium (554 m) and low (431 m). The coefficients of determination obtained from fitting the models for both daily air-temperature and daily degrees-day were 0.82 and 0.84, respectively, resulting in a medium performance for both low and high altitudes and very good for intermediate altitudes. The validation of the degrees-day model was conducted by comparing the period duration running from crop emergence to 90% open bulls observed from cotton cultivars, cropped in commercial fields. The results showed an overall performance index of 0.85, which was considered as very good. The models developed in this study adequately estimated the average daily air temperature and the cycle of herbaceous cotton cultivars in the State of Goias
As condições climáticas regionais do Estado de Goiás são favoráveis ao cultivo do algodoeiro herbáceo (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium hutch), contudo, para alcançar as melhores produtividades, é imprescindível que a semeadura e o período de frutificação coincidam com o período de maior disponibilidade de água no solo e os períodos de abertura dos capulhos e da colheita coincidam com o período seco. Assim, o conhecimento acerca do ciclo da cultura em função do local de cultivo, é muito importante na definição da melhor época de plantio. Nesse contexto, é a temperatura do ar, uma das variáveis climáticas, que mais influencia o desenvolvimento do algodoeiro. No entanto, a baixa densidade de estações meteorológicas com capacidade de medição da temperatura tem limitado os estudos de modelagem de estimativa do ciclo deste cultivo. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de desenvolver e validar modelos matemáticos para estimar a temperatura média diária do ar e, com base na teoria de graus-dia, o ciclo do algodoeiro herbáceo no Estado de Goiás, considerando, simultaneamente, suas variações no espaço e no tempo. Ambos os modelos basearam-se em uma combinação linear da altitude, latitude, longitude e da variação temporal diária, representada pela série trigonométrica incompleta de Fourier. Os parâmetros dos modelos foram ajustados aos dados de 21 estações meteorológicas disponíveis no Estado de Goiás e Distrito Federal, por meio de regressão linear múltipla, com observações variando de 8 a 24 anos. No caso da modelagem de graus-dia, os dados de temperatura máxima e mínima ficaram restritos ao intervalo de 15°C a 40°C, cujos limites foram adotados como os valores de temperatura de base inferior e superior, respectivamente. O modelo de temperatura foi validado, considerando os dados observados de temperatura em estações localizadas em condições de altitudes diferentes: elevada (1100 m), média (554 m) e baixa (431 m). Os coeficientes de determinação resultantes do ajuste dos modelos aos dados de temperatura média diária ou aos de grausdia foram 0,82 e 0,84, respectivamente. O desempenho do modelo foi mediano nas altitudes baixas e elevadas e muito bom nas altitudes médias. A validação do modelo de graus-dia foi feita comparando-se a duração observada do período entre a emergência e 90% de capulhos abertos de cultivares de algodoeiro, plantados em lavouras comerciais, resultando em um índice de desempenho de 0,85, classificado como muito bom. Os modelos desenvolvidos estimaram adequadamente a temperatura média diária do ar e a duração do ciclo dos cultivares de algodoeiro herbáceo no Estado de Goiás
Biz, Guilherme. "Simulações de pesos espaciais para o modelo STARMA e aplicações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-15092014-123217/.
Process modeling spatio-temporal is of great importance for climatological data, once that the climate undergoes spatial and temporal influence. The class of models STARMA, autoregressive models and spatio-temporal moving averages, are suitable to the these processes, however, for these models, there is not a study about the best method to quantify the spatial dependence, and/or it is not known whether there is a difference between the methods for these models. In this thesis, a study simulations of the STAR model using different forms for the spatial weights is performed. After the simulation procedure, the STARIMA model is fitted to the real dataset of monthly mean daily minimum temperatures collected in a mesoregion located to the west of the state of Paraná. This thesis is separated into two papers and both are performed using the statistical software R. The first one is the simulation study that concludes that the method for determining the spatial dependence interferes with results of the modeling and depends on the region under study. In the second paper, it is concluded that the inverse distance is the best option for the weight matrix and a seasonal STARIMA model has the best fit for the data set.
Carvalho, Denise de Souza. "Escolaridade e desempenho cognitivo em pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal mesial refratários ao tratamento farmacológico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/129110.
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Objetivo: Investigar o grau de associação independente entre o nível de escolaridade e as demais variáveis demográficas, clínicas, radiológicas e neurofisiológicas com o desempenho cognitivo de pacientes com epilepsia mesial refratária do lobo temporal mesial (ELTM). Métodos: Cem pacientes consecutivos com ELTM refratária relacionados à esclerose hipocampo (EH, n = 93) ou lesões tumorais mesial (não-EH, n = 7) foram incluídos no estudo. Foi realizada regressão linear múltipla para identificar as variáveis preditivas dos escores brutos de 25 testes cognitivos (variáveis dependentes). As variáveis independentes analisadas foram: sexo, estado civil, atividade laboral, história familiar de epilepsia, o lado da lesão temporal, tipo de lesão (EH ou não-EH), concordância entre a zona de início ictal pelo eletroencefalograma com eletrodos de superfície (Lado de início do EEG ictal) e a localização da lesão epileptogênica na ressonância magnética (RNM), tratamento farmacológico (mono e politerapia, nível sérico dos fármacos), dominância manual, idade, anos de escolaridade, tempo de doença, idade de início da epilepsia e freqüência mensal das crises. Resultados: O nível de escolaridade foi um preditor positivo independente associado a 24 dos 25 testes cognitivos avaliados. Variáveis negativamente associados com os escores dos testes cognitivos foram: presença de lesão bilateral ou do lado esquerdo na ressonância magnética e duração da doença (em 13 testes cognitivos), a presença de EH (em 5 testes), politerapia (3 testes), os níveis séricos de DAE (4 testes), discordância entre o lado de início do EEG ictal e localização da lesão epileptogênica na RNM, e lado da lesão na RNM (2 testes), sexo masculino ou não estar trabalhando no momento da avaliação (1 teste). A força da relação linear ( "r" coeficiente ) entre os modelos finais de regressão linear e os respectivos testes cognitivos foram: 0,26 (para 1 teste cognitivo), 0,31a 0,60 (para 5 testes), 0,62 a 0,72 (12 testes) e 0,62 a 0,72 para os 7 testes cognitivos. Os modelos de regressão foram capazes de expliar entre 7 e 52 por cento da variação nos escores dos testes cognitivos avaliados. Conclusão: Apenas 50 por cento da variação nos escores dos testes cognitivos de pacientes ELTM refratária é explicável pelas variáveis da avaliação pré-cirúrgica. Os níveis de educação contribuem positivamente para a reserva cognitiva de pacientes com ELTM. A identificação de preditores clínicos e biomarcadores para o desempenho cognitivo são um desafio futuro para melhorar o atendimento aos pacientes com ELTM candidatos ao tratamento cirúrgico.
Abstract : Purpose: To investigate the independent association among thedemographic, clinical, radiological and neurophysiologic variables withthe cognitive performance of patients with refractory mesial temporallobe epilepsy (MTLE).Methods: One hundred consecutive patients with refractory MTLErelated to hippocampus sclerosis (HS, n = 93) or mesial tumoral lesions(non-HS, n = 7) were included in study. Multiple linear regressions weredone to identify predictor variables for 25 cognitive tests scores(dependent variables). The independent variables analyzed were:gender, marital status, current work activity, family history of epilepsy,side of temporal lesion, lesion type (HS or non-HS), surface ictal EEGonset concordance with the epileptogenic lesion on MRI, antiepilepepticdrugs (AEDs) treatment, hand dominance, age, years ofeducation, disease duration, age of epilepsy onset and seizure frequency.Results: The education level was an independent positive predictor in24 of the 25 evaluated cognitive tests. Variables negatively associatedwith the cognitive tests scores were: presence of bilateral or left sidelesion on MRI and disease duration (in 13 cognitive tests), presence ofHS (in 5 tests), polypharmacy (3 tests), serum levels of AEDs (4 tests),discordance between ictal surface EEG onset and MRI side (2 tests) andmale gender or not working with (1 test). The strength of the linearrelationship ("r" coefficient) among the final regression models and theirrespective cognitive tests were: 0.26 for one cognitive test, 0.31 to 0.60for five tests, 0.62 to 0.72 for twelve tests and 0.62 to 0.72 for theremaining seven cognitive tests. The regression models explainedbetween 7 to 52 percent of the cognitive tests scores variation.Conclusion: Only 50 percent of the cognitive tests scores variation inrefractory MTLE patients is predictable by the pre-surgical evaluationdata. Education levels contribute positively to cognitive reserve ofpatients with MTLE. Further identification of clinical and biomarkerspredictors for cognitive performances remain a scientific challenge toimprove the surgically remediable MTLE patients.
Flores, Juan Antonio Castro. "Amigdalo-hipocampectomia transtemporal, utilizando acesso mínimo (key-hole): avaliação da técnica cirúrgica e dos resultados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-11012018-091356/.
Introduction: Temporal mesial sclerosis is a frequent cause of focal epilepsy. Surgical resection of the mesial temporal structures considered an effective method for its treatment. Objective: To describe a new operative technique for treatment of temporal epilepsy and the results of the procedure. Methods: prospective case-series in a single institution, by the same surgeon, from 2006 to 2012 envolving 120 patients underwent a minimally invasive keyhole transtemporal amygdalohippocampectomy. 55% of the patients were male and the operation was performed at the right side in 85% of them. Results: The first 70 surgeries had a mean surgical time of 2.51 hours, and the last 50 surgeries 1.62 hours. The morbidity rate was 3.3%. Mild temporal muscle atrophy was observed in 5% of the patients. At the second year follow-up 71% of the patients were classified according the Engel Outcome Scale as, Class I, 21%, as Class II and 6% as Class III. Conclusion: This new technique is feasible and reproducible and the clinical results were satisfactory
Almeida, Antonia Fabiana Marques. "Análise comparativa da aplicação de modelos para imputação do volume médio diário de séries históricas de volume de tráfego." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/2109.
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In order to improve the road system, with regard to its infrastructure and operation, it is necessary to perform studies and planning, by seeking the best use of existing resources. Therefore an important traffic measure is used, i.e., vehicle volume. Traffic data is collected either manually or electronically; however both ways can fail and not collect all data. In the case of electronic counting equipment, the continuous data collection may form a time series, which produces failures in the database due to non-collection, which can compromise the studies based on this information. Therefore this work aims to perform analysis of methods used to estimate these missing values, by trying to know the most effective model for the Average Daily Volume variable of the data obtained by the continuous counting stations installed in the state highways of Ceará. The estimation models used in this work are the ARIMA models for time series analysis, and simple models, which present a less complex application and a faster processing, while the ARIMA requires more specific knowledge of the professional who uses it. The most effective method considered herein was the one that obtained smaller errors after the application of the models. Four permanent counting stations were selected for these applications, according to the percentage of valid data and its location, by seeking the use of stations in representative points of the state. The best model found was ARIMA (1,0,1)7 (with an average error of 1.816%), however one of the simplest models, MS2, produced results similar to those of ARIMA (an average error of 1.837%), and it can also be considered suitable for application in the allocation of missing values.
Para melhorias do sistema rodoviário, tanto no que se refere à infra-estrutura quanto à operação, é necessário a realização de estudos e planejamento, buscando a melhor utilização dos recursos existentes. Para tanto, faz-se o uso de uma importante medida de tráfego, o volume veicular. Os dados de tráfego são coletados por meio manuais ou eletrônicos, porém, ambos podem apresentar falhas e não coletar os dados em sua totalidade. No caso dos equipamentos eletrônicos de contagem, a coleta contínua pode formar uma série histórica, que, devido a não coleta, gera falhas ao longo da base de dados, as quais podem comprometer os estudos embasados nestas informações. Este trabalho busca, portanto, realizar análises de métodos empregados para estimação destes valores faltosos, buscando conhecer o modelo mais eficaz para a variável Volume Médio Diário dos dados obtidos pelos postos de contagem contínua instalados nas rodovias estaduais do Ceará. Os modelos de estimação aplicados neste trabalho são os modelos ARIMA de análise de séries temporais, e modelos simples, que apresentam aplicação menos complexa e processamento mais rápido, enquanto que o ARIMA demanda maior conhecimento específico do profissional que o utiliza. Assim, o método mais eficaz aqui considerado foi o que obteve menores erros após aplicação do modelo. Para estas aplicações foram selecionados quatro postos permanentes, de acordo com o percentual de dados válidos e sua localização, buscando a utilização de postos em pontos representativos do estado. O melhor modelo encontrado foi o ARIMA (1,0,1)7 (com erro médio de 1,816%), porém, um dos modelos simples, o MS2, obteve resultados próximos aos do ARIMA (erro médio 1,837%), e também pode ser considerado satisfatório para aplicação na imputação de valores faltosos.
Uceda, Roberta Aparecida. "Juventude contemporânea e novas relações espaço/temporais: concepções dos estudantes do ensino médio sobre conhecimento e aprendizagem." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7667.
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UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
Essa pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a complexidade das juventudes contemporâneas, em suas novas relações com o tempo e espaço, com o conhecimento e com a aprendizagem, na perspectiva de motivar a reflexão e a busca por pressupostos que favoreçam a reinvenção das práticas pedagógicas no Ensino Médio. Para tanto, no seu referencial teórico, essa dissertação apresenta uma discussão sobre a Contemporaneidade e seus desafios, aprofunda os estudos sobre o perfil do jovem de Ensino Médio na Contemporaneidade, discute o conceito de juventude(s) a partir das pedagogias culturais e dos processos de midiatização e apresenta algumas provocações sobre os processos de escolarização que devem ser (re)pensados a partir de suas continuidades, descontinuidades e rupturas. Entre os principais autores estudados destacam-se: Bauman (2001), Harvey (1992), Castells (1999), Costa (2005), Fischer (2012), Masschlein e Simons (2017), Dayrell (1996), Sousa (2014), Severo (2014), Pais (2006), dentre outros. A empiria foi coletada/produzida a partir de dois instrumentos de pesquisa, o questionário e o grupo focal, que propiciaram uma aproximação e escuta dos jovens de Ensino Médio. O questionário focou em três temáticas: a relação e as percepções dos estudantes de Ensino Médio sobre a escola; como o jovem de Ensino Médio aprende no contexto atual – aulas, métodos e abordagens; o uso do tempo pelos jovens de Ensino Médio e a relação com a internet e a aprendizagem. O grupo focal objetivou aprofundar aspectos relacionados às três temáticas pesquisadas inicialmente por meio do questionário, favorecido pela escuta possibilitada nos encontros realizados. Muitas análises e visões apresentadas pelos jovens evidenciam a complexidade e as contradições inerentes ao contexto escolar e à sociedade em geral. As considerações finais acenam para a construção de pressupostos norteadores que possibilitem a (re)invenção das práticas pedagógicas no Ensino Médio do Colégio Medianeira, trazendo elementos e referenciais que podem ser desdobrados no cotidiano escolar a partir de ações da equipe diretiva e do corpo docente da escola. Percebe-se, a partir disso, a necessidade de ampliar o repertório de informações dos profissionais que atuam na escola sobre o contexto e as juventudes que nos chegam, possibilitando maior compreensão de quem são, como pensam, o que querem, como aprendem e que tipo de projeto de vida e Educação podemos pensar para eles, e também para nós, profissionais da área da educação. Além da dissertação de um modo geral, o mapeamento realizado a partir do questionário – cujas respostas foram aprofundadas no grupo focal – que nos dá uma “visão do todo” do perfil do jovem do Ensino Médio do Colégio Medianeira e os pressupostos norteadores construídos a partir da analítica empreendida se caracterizam como o produto final do presente estudo.
This research aims to analize the complexity of the contemporary youths in their new relationship with time and space, with knowledge and learning, under a perspective that stimulates reflections and seeks assumptions that promote the reinvention of pedagogical practices in the High School field. For this purpose, the theoretical background of this work presents a discussion about the Contemporaneity and its challenges, deepens the studies about the profile of the High School young people in Contemporaneity, discuss the concept of youth(s) based on the cultural pedagogies and the mediatization processes, besides questioning schooling processes which must be (re)designed in relation to their continuity, discontinuity and breakdowns. Some distinguished authors among the main studied authors in this research are: Bauman (2001), Harvey (1992), Castells (1999), Costa (2005), Fischer (2012), Masschlein e Maarten (2017), Dayrell (1996), Sousa (2014), Severo (2014), Pais (2006). This empirical study was produced based on two instruments of research, a questionnaire and a focus group, which provided a closer contact and listening with/to the youngsters in High School. The questionnaire was concentrated on three themes: the relationship and the perceptions of the students in High School about the school; how the High School youngster learns considering the current context – classes, methods and approaches; time management applied by the young people in High School and the relationship with the internet and the learning process. The focus group aimed to deepen aspects related to the three mentioned themes researched initially by means of the questionnaire, and was successfuly executed by the listening implemented during the meetings. Many analysis and views expressed by the youngsters unveil the complexity and the contradictions inherent to the school context and the society in general. The final considerations deal with the construction of guiding assumptions which enables the (re)invention of pedagogical practices in the High School of Colégio Medianeira, providing elements and referentials that might be unfolded during the school routine by the actions of the management team and the faculty. Therefore we noticed the necessity to expand the information for the professionals who work at the school about the context and the youths that come to us, facilitating the understanding of who they are, how they think, how they learn e what kind of life project and Education we can develop for them, and also, for us, educational professionals. The thesis itself, the mapping originated from the questionnaire – whose answers were deepened with the focus group – that gives us an overall view of the profile of a High School youngster from the Colégio Medianeira and the guiding assumptions built from this analysis, form the final product of the present work.
Gusmão, Leslie Luiza Pereira. "Orientação temporal e formação da consciência histórica : estudo de caso em propostas curriculares para o ensino médio." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/37090.
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Defesa: Curitiba, 26/09/2014
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Resumo: Este trabalho analisa as propostas curriculares para o Ensino Médio no Brasil. A questão de partida para esta investigação, portanto, é identificar de que forma as propostas curriculares para o Ensino Médio fundamentam a problemática do tempo histórico. Este trabalho se insere no campo teórico da Educação Histórica. Assim, para responder as questões propostas foram utilizadas as teorias do historiador alemão Rüsen (2001; 2006, 2010; 2012; 2013), que se aprofundou no estudo da aprendizagem da História a partir da perspectiva da formação da consciência histórica. Para o desenvolvimento da investigação foi realizada pesquisa documental, cujos objetos de análise são os principais documentos estruturadores do Ensino Médio no Brasil, sendo: Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio (PCNEM), 1999; PCN+: Ensino Médio - orientações educacionais complementares aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, 2002; Orientações Curriculares para o Ensino Médio - Ciências Humanas e suas Tecnologias, 2008. A abordagem metodológica utilizada para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi a análise de conteúdo, sob a perspectiva de Franco (2005). Serviram também como referencial teórico os pensamentos de Pais (1999; 2003), Nunes (2002), Schmidt (2002; 2004; 2009; 2011; 2013), Lopes (2002) e Nadai (1993). Esta pesquisa indica que os principais documentos norteadores da aprendizagem de História no Ensino Médio não constituem reflexão sobre a construção da consciência histórica, e, os mesmos apresentam uma noção de tempo histórico referenciada na teoria de Fernand Braudel, sendo que os três tipos duração (curta, média e longa) são defendidos como as formas mais consistentes de "apreensão do tempo histórico". Palavras-Chaves: Propostas Curriculares, Ensino Médio, juventude, tempo histórico.
Abstract: This work analyzes the curricular proposals for the high school in Brazil. The start question for this investigation, therefore, is to identify in which way the curricular proposals for the high school substantiates the historical time issue. This work gets into the theoretical field of the history education. So, in response to the proposal question it was used theories from the German historian Rüsen (2001; 2006; 2010; 2012; 2013), which deepened himself in the study of the history learning from the perspective of the elaboration of historical consciousness. For developing the investigation it was realized a documental research, whose object of analysis were the main structuring legal documents of high school in Brazil, nominated: National Curricular Parameters for high school (PCNEM), 1999; PCN+: High School - complementary education orientations to National Curricular Parameters, 2002; Curricular orientations for high school - Humans Sciences and its technologies, 2008. The methodology approach used to develop the research was the content analysis, under the Franco's perspective (2005). Also use as reference the theoretical thoughts of Pais (1999; 2003), Nunes (2002), Schmidt (2002; 2004; 2009; 2011; 2013), Alice Lopes (2002) and Nadai (1993). This research indicates that the principal guide documents of the history learning in high school doesn't constitute reflections about the construction of historical consciousness, and, the same presents a notion of historical time referenced in the Fernand Braudel theory, being that the three types of duration (short, medium and long) are defended as the most consistent way of "Historical time apprehension". Key-words: Curricular proposal, High School, Youth, Historical time
Lory, João Pedro Sobrinho. "Estudo laboratorial de escoamentos em leitos com vegetação emersa e rígida." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6253.
O coberto vegetal presente na superfície dos leitos e margens dos cursos de água desempenha um papel fundamental para evitar o risco de erosão hídrica, proporcionar habitats e depurar o escoamento. Nos últimos anos, crescentes preocupações ambientais motivaram a necessidade de compreensão do comportamento hidrodinâmico de rios sujeitos a reabilitação morfológica e ecológica, nomeadamente quanto à interacção do escoamento com vegetação. No âmbito da presente dissertação, pretende-se caracterizar experimentalmente escoamentos em leitos povoados por vegetação emersa e rígida. Simularam-se as condições do escoamento para dois leitos e duas densidades de hastes, num total de três ensaios. Recorrendo a um sistema de medição de reduzida intrusão, o Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), mediram-se os campos de velocidade instantânea do escoamento. O tratamento de dados consistiu na aplicação da metodologia de dupla média espácio-temporal, necessária para caracterizar escoamentos com grande heterogeneidade espacial. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a influência relativa do leito diminui com o aumento da densidade de hastes. A ordem de grandeza dos termos dispersivos na equação de conservação da quantidade de movimento é idêntica à dos termos turbulentos. Em geral, observou-se um aumento de tensões dispersivas e de Reynolds para um aumento de densidade de hastes, como também, para um aumento do comprimento de onda formas do fundo. Ao contrário do caso de escoamentos em camada limite de fundo, em que existem perfis universais de primeiros e segundos momentos de quantidades turbulentas, não parece haver, em escoamentos com vegetação emersa e rígida, escalas características que normalizem as quantidades turbulentas por forma a obter perfis universais. Como consequência da natureza complexa do escoamento, as escalas parecem depender da variável em análise.
Moreira, Dilvana Maria Fiorini de Aguiar. "A evolução temporal da competência em física escolar e habilidades cognitivas amplas na primeira série do ensino médio." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8MAJZY.
Esta dissertação relata uma investigação sobre a existência da relação entre a evolução temporal da aprendizagem em física escolar, através da sua representação como competência em física escolar, e seis das habilidades cognitivas amplas do estrato II do modelo de estrutura das habilidades intelectuais humanas, proposto por Carroll (1993). Essa investigação se situa na área temática que investiga a relação entre a aprendizagem escolar e as habilidades cognitivas amplas. Investigaram-se duas questões: (1) a dependência da evolução temporal da competência em física escolar em relação às variáveis demográficas e contextuais e, após controlar para os efeitos de tais dependências, (2) a relação entre a evolução temporal da competência em física escolar e algumas das habilidades cognitivas amplas do estrato II do modelo de Carroll. Para realizar esta investigação utilizaram-se os dados cognitivos dos estudantes obtidos de uma investigação anterior (Gomes, 2010) e dados das avaliações escolares ordinárias existentes nos registros acadêmicos da escola. A partir dos dados das avaliações escolares, de natureza ordinal, construiu-se uma escala intervalar para mensurar a competência em física escolar em três ocasiões distintas durante o ano letivo. Usando-se os resultados dos testes marcadores das habilidades cognitivas do estrato I do modelo de Carroll, construíram-se escalas intervalares (baseadas nos escores padronizados) para as seis habilidades amplas mensuradas pela bateria BaFaCaLo (Gomes, 2010). Construíram-se, também, indicadores dicotômicos ou categóricos para as variáveis demográficas e contextuais. A evolução temporal da competência em física escolar foi analisada utilizando-se o modelo multinível de regressão múltipla, com um nível intra-individual e outro inter-individual. O nível intra-individual mostra que a competência em física escolar de cada estudante varia de forma sistemática e linear com o tempo, além de sofrer variações aleatórias entre as ocasiões. O nível inter-individual, como o intercepto e a inclinação de cada estudante, depende das variáveis demográficas (gênero, idade, e renda familiar), contextuais (freqüência da presença em sala, turma, professor de física, escolaridade do pai e da mãe), e das seguintes habilidades cognitivas amplas: a inteligência fluida (Gf), a inteligência cristalizada (Gc), a habilidade visuo-espacial (Gv), a fluência (Gr), a memória de curto prazo (Gy) e a rapidez cognitiva (Gs). O resultado mostra que, depois de controlado para os efeitos das variáveis demográficas e contextuais, a inteligência fluida e a memória de curto prazo diferenciam os estudantes segundo a sua competência em física no início do ano letivo e que a inteligência fluida influencia a taxa de variação da competência em física escolar ao longo do ano letivo
García, Derly Estefanny Gómez. "Modelo empírico linear para previsão da disponibilidade hídrica integrada em função da média móvel da precipitação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-27032017-171327/.
Climatic variation may result in insufficient input of water in the water balance in a region, resulting in inconsistencies in the water rights permits. Brazilian water allocation system uses the flow duration curves (Q7,10, Q90, Q95) to establish the maximum allowable discharge. However, during droughts such reference discharges may not reach the water rights permits, requiring groundwater extraction to compensate this deficiency in surface water bodies. Hence, the water right permits must be integral, considering the base flow variation due to the groundwater extraction. The aim of this study is to determine the integrated water availability (surface and groundwater), using an empirical linear model, proposed as a function of the average rainfall of previous periods related to the aquifer regulation time. Correlation and spectral techniques were employed for time-series analysis of precipitation (P) and discharge (Q) in the Ribeirão da Onça watershed, to determine response times of Q as a function of P. The proposed methodology was developed for precipitation and discharge observed from 2003 to 2014 in a watershed with an area of 65 km2. The obtained results indicate that the aquifer stores the rainfall water with regulation times of approximately 60 days for the subsurface flow, ans approximately 2 years for the base flow. The methodology was also tested for two sub-basins of the Jacaré-Guaçú River watershed, with areas of 1867 and 3519 km2.The proposed methodology allows the estimation of a sustainable reference discharge making it possible to predict the base flow variation during recession periods, since it is defined as a function of past rainfall. Therefore, this discharge is more consistent with the values observed in the environment, allowing a proper functioning of the ecosystem, thereby ensuring their preservation.
FERREIRA, Pedro Nuno. "Evolução temporal dos factores de risco cardiovascular na população portuguesa continental." Master's thesis, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10354.
The cardiovascular diseases are the national leading cause of mortality and morbidity and a priority of public health programs. The goal of this thesis was to examine the evolution trends of exposure to cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, diabetes and hypertension) in Continental Portuguese population, based on analysis of data from National Health Surveys. We conducted a descriptive and observational cross sectional study, with a quantitative analysis of data from National Health Surveys 1987, 1995/96, 1998/99 and 2005/06. In this study, the continental Portuguese population was characterized as the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and disaggregated by sociodemographic variables such as age, sex and education level. Also, we used logistic regression to estimate the probability of self-reported hypertension in the National Health Surveys. The results showed an overall increasing trend of obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Moreover, an apparent smoking stabilization and increased physical activity. We also found those individuals with more advanced age, female, low education level, obese and diabetic, showed higher chance of being hypertensive, adjusting each variable to every other in the model. However gender inequalities were found and the women represent a growing trend for increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The low level of education also seems to be predominant in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, but has been observed an increase of rates in high and medium education levels for all riskfactors. It is considered that this study provides useful information to increase the effectiveness of potential prevention and control programs of cardiovascular risk factors. It becomes important, the adaptation of comprehensive strategies to ensure equity in access to health care in order to make people more informed and aware of behaviors adopted and which are reflected in adult life.
Pauli, Carla. "Percepção da qualidade de vida e do desempenho cognitivo após a cirurgia de epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2017. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/176921.
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Proposta: Investigar prospectivamente variáveis preditivas independentes de mudança clinicamente importante (MCI) da qualidade de vida (QV) e do desempenho cognitivo (DC) após a cirurgia de epilepsia do lobo temporal mesial associada à esclerose do hipocampo (ELTM-EH) unilateralMétodos: Análises por regressão logística binária múltipla foram realizadas para identificar as variáveis clínicas, demográficas, radiológicos e eletrofisiológicos independentemente associados à MCI na QV avaliada pelo questionário QOLIE-31 (n = 77) e no DC avaliado por 25 testes neuropsicológicos (n = 48) 1 ano após a lobectomia temporal anterior (LTA).Resultados: Houve melhora significativa no escore total e em todos os subitens da escala QOLIE-31 um ano após a cirurgia (p <0,0001). O modelo final de regressão logística binária mostrou que a ausência de diagnóstico de depressão no pré-operatório e (OR 5,3, IC 95% 1,6 - 16,7; p = 0,007) e controle absoluto das crises epilépticas após a cirurgia (OR ajustado 4,11; IC 95% 1,2-14,5; p = 0,04) foram independentemente associados a MCI na QV. A acurácia do modelo foi 95,2% para prever a melhora na QV e apenas 46,5% para não-melhora na QV. Dentre os 25 testes neuropsicológicos avaliados, somente o declínio no teste de nomeação de Boston (TNB) mostrou-se como uma MCI para os pacientes. Cirurgia realizada no lado esquerdo e idade superior a 40 anos estiveram associados à queda no desempenho do TNB. Uma queda de 8 pontos no TNB após a cirurgia mostrou uma sensibilidade de 92% para percepção de queda cognitiva pelo paciente, porém apenas 50% de especificidade. Conclusão: Ausência de diagnóstico de depressão antes da cirurgia e remissão completa das crises após a cirurgia são variáveis preditivas independentes de MCI na qualidade de vida após a LTA. O TNB é o único teste cognitivo cujo declínio é clinicamente perceptível pelos pacientes após a LTA. Cirurgia realizada no lobo temporal esquerdo e idade mais avançada são variáveis preditivas independentes ao declínio no TNB.
Abstract : Purpose: To investigate prospectively the predictive variables o clinically important changes (CIC) o quality of life (QOL) and the concordance between the patient perception of cognitive decline and the neuropsychological tests decline following surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy related to hippocampus sclerosis (MTLE-HS) in Brazilians.Methods: Multiple linear regression analysis to identify variables independently associated with CIC of QOL determined by the QOLIE-31 questionnaire (n = 77) and with CD evaluated by 25 neuropsychological tests (n = 48) one year after the ATL.Key findings: There were a significant improvement in the QOL evaluated by QOLIE-31 (p <0.0001 for all the subscales). The final binary regression model showed that absence of depression in the pre-surgical evaluation (OR 5.3, IC 95% 1.6 ? 16.7, p = 0.007) and absence of seizures after surgery e (OR 4.11, IC 95% 1.2-14.5, p = 0.04) were independently associated with a CIC improvement of QOL after surgery. The accuracy was 95,2% to predict the improvement and 46.5% to predict the non-improvement of QOL (Overall accuracy of 85.6%). Among the 25 cognitive test investigated. Only the Boston Naming Test (BNT) were associated with patient perception of cognitive impairment. Left side surgery and age older than 40 years were independent predictors of BNT decline after ATL. A 8 points reduction in the raw score of BNT after surgery showed 92% of sensitivity for patient perception of cognitive decline and 50% for non-perception of cognitive decline.Conclusion: Absence of pre-surgical depression and complete seizure remission after ATL are independent predictors of QOL improvement after MTLE-HS surgery. The BNT is the only cognitive test impairment perceived by patients after ATL. Left side surgery and older age are independently associated with BNT decline after ATL.
Pantoja, Glauco Cohen Ferreira. "Sobre o ensino do conceito de evolução temporal em mecânica quântica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/39151.
Non Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Teaching constitutes a research topic that has acquired relevante in Physics Teaching. Inquiry on structural concepts that facilitate meaningful learning in this area of knowledge is quite important, taking into account the learning difficulties that are greater in this field than in the ones associated with Classical Physics. We designed a didatic approach based on Ausubel's Meaningful Learning Theory and Vergnaud's Conceptual Fields Theory in order to facilitate the Meaningful Learning of the concepts of physical system, dynamical variables, state of a physical system and time evolution. These concepts were selected by their structural position in Physics and by the differentiations, some subtles and others not in the comparison between Classical Physics and Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics. The assimilation patterns in the predicative form of knowledge were studied, as well as the use of operatory invariants (concepts-in-action and theorems-in-action) in the mastering of situations proposed in an instruction with average duration of 12 hours inside class (besides the period of problem solving consumed by the students that occurred outside class). The instruction had six expositive-dialogued lectures in which meaning negotiation between teacher and learners was stimulated by problem-situations or by conceptual manipulation. Most of the students shown vague concepts in the pre-test that seemed to be changed during the Instruction. There are evidences that some of these concepts changed into quite accurately forms, others partially modified and some few concepts, because of misunderstanding or lack of instructional reinforcement, seemed to change into epistemological obstacles. There are some indications that the concepts of physical system and dynamical variables have been mastered quite well, taking into account the more general essential attributes of these concepts; while the first seemed to be accepted in Classical and Quantum situations, the second shows some differentatiations that most of times gave evidence of being well assimilated by the very great part of the students. The concept of quantum state, for including new features, was acquired with a higher levei of difficulty and, besides that, it seemed to be subsumed as a differentiation of the one of dynamical variable. There are some evidences indicating the assimilation of the concept of state superposition under the one of probabilities instead of the one of probability amplitude, what led much students to understand quantum principies as related to an incomplete information or to impossibility of determination of quantum states. Despite this confusion associated to this specific feature of the concept of state superposition, it seemed to be mastered by most of the students in the operatory form. We mention as a positive aspect the modification of the concept of time evolution during the instruction, in spite of showing a strong association to the concept of physical system, which turned out to be an element, or variable, we had not anticipated at the beginning of this research. Moreover the concept of time evolution seemed to be attached to the one of causality which seemed to assume a stable form, however, some of the students shown some evidence of relation between this concept and the wrong idea of lack of predictability of quantum states. The last finding led them to believe that determination of the quantum state is only possible if it's an eigenstate of the operator attached to the dynamical variable that is being measured. The analysis of the answers to the problems and, in some sense, to the enterview (made with one of the groups) shown evidence of using of operatory invariants, this means students' beliefs in relatively steady propositions considered true about reality.
Rodgher, Suzelei. "Estudos ecotoxicológicos e limnológicos nos reservatórios em cascata do médio e baixo rio Tietê: uma análise espacial e temporal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-15042016-134723/.
Among the several impacts in the aquatic ecosystems, perhaps the construction of reservoirs represents one of the principal modifier agents, inserting physical, chemical and biological alterations in the systems before and after its construction. In Brazil, such impact is also singular, having verified this application for the construction of reservoirs, mainly the ones built in cascades (Paranapanema, Tietê and São Francisco system, for example) and, in that construction pattern, in most cases, a growing effect of the control of the quality of the water is anticipated, with the first reservoir being more eutrophic than the others for its capacity to retain materials that come from the principal tributary. In the southeast of São Paulo States, Barra Bonita, Bariri, Ibitinga, Promissão, Nova Avanhandava and Três Irmãos reservoirs stand out. Seeking to evaluate the impacts and contributing with information to evaluate the environmental conditions of those reservoirs, collections of water and sediment were accomplished in four different periods (October/99, February, May and July/00), in 15 sampling stations, including stations in the Tietê and Piracicaba Rivers and at the specified place after and before the line of the dam, from each one of the six reservoirs, as well as the Bauru River (a very impacted tributary of the Bariri Reservoir ). Toxicity bioassays were accomplished with samples of water and sediment using Daphnia similis (in acute toxicity bioassays) and Ceriodaphnia dubia (in chronic toxicity bioassays), analyses of total metals in the water and bioavailable in the sediment, besides the monitoring of limnological variables (temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, material in suspension, chlorophyll-a, total nutrients and dissolved). The results obtained for the limnological variables, in general, revealed differences in the quality of the water in relation to the spatial and temporary scales (effects of climatological factors and hydrodynamic- flowing out and residence time) with high contribution of nutrients from the Tietê and Piracicaba Rivers, besides the incorporation, the sedimentation and the reduction of materials in the Barra Bonita Reservoir, promoting the improvement of the water quality in the other reservoirs, characterizing, in this way, the first stations as eutrophic and the others as mesotrophic and oligotrophic. Concentrations of total metals in the water above the established limit for the resolution CONAMA 20/1986 were found out, and an increase of the fraction bioavailable of metals was verified as well. The bioassays only revealed acute toxicity for Daphnia similis to the points after the Barra Bonita Reservoir, something not initially awaited for. Such fact can be related to the diffuse entrances of pollution or to the presence of metals in the Tietê System, which, in the first reservoir, would be more present in the form retained in function of their largest incorporation (for the largest biomass and for the largest residence time), not causing acute toxicity to the organisms due to the dissolved part not to being so high. However, the results of chronic toxicity, configured a different partem, being verified toxicity in decreasing order (from Barra Bonita to Três Irmãos), during most of the samplings periods, which demonstrates the state of environmental degradation in the reservoirs and the need for more integrated studies for a better environmental evaluation.
Vera, Leiva Valeska Estefanía. "Análisis espacio-temporal de casos de síndrome de gastroenteritis hemorrágica en caninos, según fichas médicas de una clínica veterinaria de la comuna de Conchalí, período 2000-2008." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131728.
En medicina veterinaria de pequeños animales se registra comúnmente el Síndrome Gastroenteritis Hemorrágica (SGEH), que constituye una de las causas frecuentes de primera consulta. Se consideraron en este estudio las fichas médicas recopiladas entre el 1 de enero de 2000 y el 31 de diciembre de 2008 de la Clínica Veterinaria “Diego Silva”, ubicada en Santiago, comuna de Conchalí, la cual fue fundada en el año 1979 y presenta una alta casuística. Se tomaron los casos diagnosticados con SGEH de perros menores de un año, rescatándose la siguiente información: número de ficha, fecha del diagnóstico, edad del paciente, raza, domicilio del dueño y presencia de vacunas previas. De la revisión de 17.882 fichas, se reportaron 842 casos con signos clínicos de SGEH en los 9 años en estudio, de los cuales 61% eran machos y 39% hembras. Al 95% de ellos no se les había aplicado vacuna alguna y más de la mitad era de raza mestiza. Se localizaron espacialmente los domicilios de los afectados a través de la georreferenciación y del uso del Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) llamado ArcGis®. Sobre una base cartográfica de la comuna se ubicaron los datos agregados para describir el comportamiento espacial de la enfermedad mediante la autocorrelación espacial dada por el Índice I de Moran. Por otra parte, también se evaluó el comportamiento temporal de la enfermedad en los 9 años, mediante la elaboración de corredores endémicos. Espacialmente se encontró un mayor número de casos en el norte de la comuna en 8 de los 9 años evaluados y en 4 años se observó un alto número de casos en el suroriente de la comuna, mientras en el centro de la comuna los casos se presentaron con mayor dispersión en todos los años considerados. El índice I de Moran indicó presencia de pequeños conglomerados a nivel general. En cuanto a la presentación temporal, se observó un aumento de casos de SGEH en temporadas de transición como es en otoño y primavera y una disminución de los casos en los meses de invierno. El presente trabajo constituye un primer diagnóstico de la realidad espacio-temporal de casos de SGEH, cuya información puede ser útil para que clínicas veterinarias y organismos encargados del registro de enfermedades infecciosas en pequeños animales puedan orientar el control y la prevención de la enfermedad en perros jóvenes
Moura, Marisa. "Qualidade do ar e atendimentos médicos de emergência por sintomas respiratórios em crianças residentes em Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3423.
Rio de Janeiro is one of the most important Brazilian cities. Nevertheless, health effects of air pollutants on its population are scarcely known. This study was conduct to cover part of what is lacking on the subject. Air pollutants investigated were PM10, SO2, NO2, CO e O3 and the outcomes were emergency pediatric consultations due to respiratory complaints on 3 public health units, in Jacarepaguá, between April, 2002 and March 2003. Confounding variables were time trends, seasonality, temperature, humidity, rain volume and respiratory infections. Calendar effects (holidays and weekends) were also adjusted, There were several failures on pollutants monitoring, mainly SO2, which was not taken into consideration to this study, due to low amount of data. As determinants and clinical consequences of air pollutants are very different on upper or lower respiratory system, one of the articles estimated the association of air pollutants to ailments on both systems. Only O3 showed a positive and statistically significant result (although small), both related to emergency consultations due to respiratory complaints as to emergency consultations due to lower respiratory symptoms. Effect and exposure occurred on the same day. (lag0). On the second article, association between air pollutants and emergency consultations related to bronchic obstruction was studied. On this case, children were categorized in three groups, according to age. Only children under 2 years showed a strong, positive and statistically significant result with PM10. A similar effect was observed with O3, although with a boundary statistically significant (p<0,06). On this study, effect and exposure occurred on the same day, as well. Despite failures on monitoring, on both studies, environmental pollution parameters were related to an increased number of emergency pediatric consultations due to respiratory complaints in Jacarepaguá. During all period observed, monitored pollutants levels were under recommended limits.
Breton, Marc. "Application de méthodes de classification par séries temporelles au diagnostic médical et à la détection de changements statistiques et étude de la robustesse." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECLI0005.