Статті в журналах: "MEDALUS model"

1

Thornes, J. B., J. X. Shao, E. Diaz, A. Roldan, M. McMahon, and J. C. Hawkes. "Testing the MEDALUS hillslope model." CATENA 26, no. 3-4 (April 1996): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0341-8162(95)00037-2.

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Afzali, Sayed Fakhreddin, Ali Khanamani, Ehsan Kamali Maskooni, and Ronny Berndtsson. "Quantitative Assessment of Environmental Sensitivity to Desertification Using the Modified MEDALUS Model in a Semiarid Area." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 7817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147817.

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Iran is mainly located in the arid and semiarid climate zone and seriously affected by desertification. This is a severe environmental problem, which results in a persistent loss of ecosystem services that are fundamental to sustaining life. Process understanding of this phenomenon through the evaluation of important drivers is, however, a challenging work. The main purpose of this study was to perform a quantitative evaluation of the current desertification status in the Segzi Plain, Isfahan Province, Iran, through the modified Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) model and GIS. In this regard, five main indicators including soil, groundwater, vegetation cover, climate, and erosion were selected for estimating the environmental sensitivity to desertification. Each of these qualitative indicators is driven by human interference and climate. After statistical analysis and a normality test for each indicator data, spatial distribution maps were established. Then, the maps were scored in the MEDALUS approach, and the current desertification status in the study area from the geometric mean of all five quality indicators was created. Based on the results of the modified MEDALUS model, about 23.5% of the total area can be classified as high risk to desertification and 76.5% classified as very high risk to desertification. The results indicate that climate, vegetation, and groundwater quality are the most important drivers for desertification in the study area. Erosion (wind and water) and soil indices have minimal importance.

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Fadl, Mohamed E., Ahmed S. Abuzaid, Mohamed A. E. AbdelRahman, and Asim Biswas. "Evaluation of Desertification Severity in El-Farafra Oasis, Western Desert of Egypt: Application of Modified MEDALUS Approach Using Wind Erosion Index and Factor Analysis." Land 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010054.

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Desertification is a serious threat to human survival and to ecosystems, especially to inland desert oases. An assessment of desertification severity is essential to ensure national sustainable development for agricultural and land expansion processes in this region. In this study, Index of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion (ILSWE) was integrated with a Modified Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) method and factor analysis (FA) to develop a GIS-based model for mapping desertification severity. The model was then applied to 987.77 km2 in the El-Farafra Oasis, located in the Western Desert of Egypt, as a case study. Climate and field survey data together with remote sensing images were used to generate five quality indices (soil, climate, vegetation, land management and wind erosion). Based on the FA, a weighted value was assigned to each index. Five thematic layers representing the indices were created within the GIS environment and overlaid using the weighted sum model. The developed model showed that 59% of the total area was identified as high-critical and 38% as medium-critical. The results of an environmentally sensitive area index suggested by the original MEDALUS model indicated similar results: 18.37% of the total area was classified as high-critical and 78.73% as medium-critical. However, the sensitivity analysis indicated that weights derived from FA resulted in better performance of the developed spatial model than that derived from the original MEDALUS method. The proposed model would be a suitable tool for monitoring vulnerable zones, and could be a starting point for sustainable agricultural development in inland oases.

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Plaiklang, S., I. Sutthivanich, T. Sritarapipat, K. Panurak, S. Ogawa, S. Charungthanakij, U. Maneewan, and N. Thongrueang. "DESERTIFICATION ASSESSMENT USING MEDALUS MODEL IN UPPER LAMCHIENGKRAI WATERSHED, THAILAND." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 1257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-1257-2020.

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Abstract. Desertification is a global environmental problem. It affects harmful on economic, social and environmental that ultimately effects on quality of human life. Thailand is the 174th member of the UNCCD, according to the Thailand report of desertification by LDD (2004). It was found that the area of degraded land or desertification land in Thailand was 33.57 million hectares which were agricultural soil problem. Soil erosion and soil salinity are major problems for agricultural soil in Thailand. Thus, to prevent and fix such problems, assessment and evaluation of soil properties are essential. Lamchiengkrai watershed in Nakhon Ratchasima province presents soil salinity exposure area which is a major problem in the Northeast region of Thailand. This study aims to access a new approach for assessing the extent and the risk of desertification land by MEDALUS model based on geoinformatics technology in upper Lamchiengkrai watershed, Nakhon Ratchasima province. MEDALUS model is the factors of desertification assessment. Four groups of factors were examined, including vegetation (fire risk, erosion protection, and drought resistance), climatic (rainfall and rainfall erosivity), soil (soil texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, soil depth, drainage, and slope), and human activity factor (land use and soil erosion). The results of the study indicated that 67.25% of the area was classified as high risk, 30.54% was classified as moderate risk and 2.22% was classified as low risk to desertification land. In addition, the factors affected on the high-risk area were climate and vegetation factors. Moderate risk area was influenced by the human activity factor and soil factors.

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Lahlaoi, Hicham, Hassan Rhinane, Atika Hilali, Said Lahssini, and Said Moukrim. "Desertification Assessment Using MEDALUS Model in Watershed Oued El Maleh, Morocco." Geosciences 7, no. 3 (July 4, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7030050.

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Boudjemline, Fouzia, and Ahcene Semar. "Assessment and mapping of desertification sensitivity with MEDALUS model and GIS – Case study: basin of Hodna, Algeria." Journal of Water and Land Development 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2018-0002.

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AbstractIn Algeria, desertification risk is one of the main environmental and also social and economic problems. As much as 20 million hectares of northern Algeria are highly exposed and vulnerable to desertification with large areas falling into his ‘severe’ risk category, because the present massive destruction of vegetation and soils. This study aimed to use geographic information system (GIS) for mapping environmentally sensitive areas to desertification based on Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) approach in basin of Hodna, Algeria. Sensitivity is estimated with a modification of the MEDALUS environmentally sensitive area index (ESAI) which identifies such areas on the basis of an index (ESAI) that incorporates data on environmental quality (climate, vegetation, soil) as well as anthropogenic factors. This methodology allows the classification of land in critical, fragile and potentially sensitive areas. The results obtained show that 61% of the area is classified potentially sensitive to low sensitivity. These areas are particularly located in mountain areas. Spatially, the areas sensitive to degradation are as well in the lower region of the Hodna in Highlands consisting mostly of steppe route. The factors that could explain these variations of sensitivity are related mainly to changes in precipitation between the North and the South altitude and pressure of the population and livestock.

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Abuzaid, Ahmed S., and Abdelatif D. Abdelatif. "Assessment of desertification using modified MEDALUS model in the north Nile Delta, Egypt." Geoderma 405 (January 2022): 115400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115400.

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Kadović, Ratko, Yousef Ali Mansour Bohajar, Veljko Perović, Snežana Belanović Simić, Mirjana Todosijević, Sonja Tošić, Milosav Anđelić, Dragan Mlađan, and Una Dovezenski. "Land Sensitivity Analysis of Degradation using MEDALUS model: Case Study of Deliblato Sands, Serbia." Archives of Environmental Protection 42, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2016-0045.

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Abstract This paper studies the assessment of sensitivity to land degradation of Deliblato sands (the northern part of Serbia), as a special nature reserve. Sandy soils of Deliblato sands are highly sensitive to degradation (given their fragility), while the system of land use is regulated according to the law, consisting of three zones under protection. Based on the MEDALUS approach and the characteristics of the study area, four main factors were considered for evaluation: soil, climate, vegetation and management. Several indicators affecting the quality of each factor were identified. Each indicator was quantified according to its quality and given a weighting of between 1.0 and 2.0. ArcGIS 9 was utilized to analyze and prepare the layers of quality maps, using the geometric mean to integrate the individual indicator map. In turn, the geometric mean of all four quality indices was used to generate sensitivity of land degradation status map. Results showed that 56.26% of the area is classified as critical; 43.18% as fragile; 0.55% as potentially affected and 0.01% as not affected by degradation. The values of vegetation quality index, expressed as coverage, diversity of vegetation functions and management policy during the protection regime are clearly represented through correlation coefficient (0.87 and 0.47).

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Nour-Eldin, Hoda, Adel Shalaby, Rania M. Mohamed, Ehab Youssef, Neven G. Rostom, and H. S. Khedr. "Assessment of the desertification sensitivity of Northwestern El Minya Governorate, Egypt using MEDALUS model." Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science 26, no. 3 (December 2023): 758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2023.07.013.

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Al-Rawi, M., and S. Al-Juraysi. "Assessment Sensitivity of Agriculture lands to desertification of Iraqi Mesopotamian plain using MEDALUS Model." ANBAR JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32649/ajas.2014.96520.

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& et al., Hamad. "ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY TO DESERTIFICATION WITH MEDALUS MODEL IN GIS IN MAYMONA PROJECT- SOUTH OF IRAQ." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 52, no. 4 (August 22, 2021): 1058–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i4.1417.

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The objective of this study was to identify the locations sensitivity to land desertification based on the Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) approach by the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the south of Maysan governorate at Iraq for mapping environmentally sensitive areas to desertification. Three indicators, which included climate, vegetation, and soil, were employed to estimate the ESAI and then to classify the land in critical, fragile potentially, and non-influenced sensitive areas. The results of the soil quality index (SQI) indicated that 25% of the studied area was classified as moderate quality and 21% was low quality while 54% was very low quality. Vegetation qualities were classified into moderate and low quality 19% and 81%, respectively, and climate quality was classified as moderate.

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., Manuchehr Farajzadeh, and Mahbobeh Nik Egbal . "Evaluation of MEDALUS Model for Desertification Hazard Zonation Using GIS; Study Area: Iyzad Khast Plain, Iran." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 1, 2007): 2622–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.2622.2630.

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Benabderrahmane, Mohamed Cherif, and Haroun Chenchouni. "Assessing Environmental Sensitivity Areas to Desertification in Eastern Algeria using Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use “MEDALUS” Model." International Journal of Sustainable Water and Environmental Systems 1, no. 1 (September 15, 2010): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5383/swes.01.01.002.

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Ogbue, Chukwuka, Emeka Igboeli, Chukwuedozie Ajaero, Friday Uchenna Ochege, Ibrahim Inuwa Yahaya, Fenetahun Yeneayehu, Yuan You, and Yongdong Wang. "Remote sensing analysis of desert sensitive areas using MEDALUS model and GIS in the Niger River Basin." Ecological Indicators 158 (January 2024): 111404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111404.

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Al-Yasiry, Ahmed, Alaa Al-Lami, and Ali Al Maliki. "Desertification Assessment for the Marshes Region Using Soil Quality Indicators, Southern Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 56, no. 1E (May 31, 2023): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.1e.20ms-2023-5-30.

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The study aims to conduct an assessment of desertification in the marshlands of southern Iraq by using eight soil indicators. The study area is part of the governorates of Amarah, Basrah and Nasiriyah, with an area of about 27,989 km2. The Mediterranean model of desertification and land use model (MEDALUS) was adopted for the assessment of the soil quality indicators. Satellite image processing of Landsat images and ArcGIS v.10.7 programs were used to analyze different data and produce the soil quality index and maps for evaluating marshes area desertification. This study found that the marshes area is divided into two categories. The first category represented about 3.52%, covering a small area of 984 km2 and classified as non-sensitive to desertification. While the second category represents about 96.48%, covers most of the study area and involves 27.005 km2 and consider sensitive to desertification.

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Ren, Yu, Xiangjun Liu, Bo Zhang, and Xidong Chen. "Sensitivity Assessment of Land Desertification in China Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 15, no. 10 (May 21, 2023): 2674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15102674.

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Desertification, a current serious global environmental problem, has caused ecosystems and the environment to degrade. The total area of desertified land is about 1.72 million km2 in China, which is extensively affected by desertification. Estimating land desertification risks is the top priority for the sustainable development of arid and semi-arid lands in China. In this study, the Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) model was used to assess the sensitivity of land desertification in China. Based on multi-source remote sensing data, this study integrated natural and human factors, calculated the land desertification sensitivity index by overlaying four indicators (soil quality, vegetation quality, climate quality, and management quality), and explored the driving forces of desertification using a principal component and correlation analysis. It was found that the spatial distribution of desertification sensitivity areas in China shows a distribution pattern of gradually decreasing from northwest to southeast, and the areas with very high and high desertification sensitivities were about 620,629 km2 and 2,384,410 km2, respectively, which accounts for about 31.84% of the total area of the country. The very high and high desertification sensitivity areas were mainly concentrated in the desert region of northwest China. The principal component and correlation analysis of the sub-indicators in the MEDALUS model indicated that erosion protection, drought resistance, and land use were the main drivers of desertification in China. Furthermore, the aridity index, soil pH, plant coverage, soil texture, precipitation, soil depth, and evapotranspiration were the secondary drivers of desertification in China. Moreover, the desertification sensitivity caused by drought resistance, erosion protection, and land use was higher in the North China Plain region and Guanzhong Basin. The results of the quantitative analysis of the driving forces of desertification based on mathematical statistical methods in this study provide a reference for a comprehensive strategy to combat desertification in China and offer new ideas for the assessment of desertification sensitivity at macroscopic scales.

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Dwivedi, Chandra Shekhar, Dishant, Bikash Ranjan Parida, Arvind Chandra Pandey, Ravi Kumar, and Navneet Kumar. "Geoinformatics-Based Mapping of Environmental Sensitive Areas for Desertification over Satara and Sangli Districts of Maharashtra, India." GeoHazards 5, no. 2 (May 17, 2024): 415–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geohazards5020022.

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Desertification processes in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid conditions have been enhanced in recent decades. The geospatial database and associated satellite data can be effectively employed for regional planning to address desertification and land degradation. In this study, the Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) model has been used to map environmentally sensitive areas due to desertification in the Satara and Sangli districts of Maharashtra, India. This was achieved by combining Landsat-8 multispectral data, Census data, soil data, and climatic variables like temperature, rainfall, and evapotranspiration. The algorithm of MEDALUS is the geometric mean of four indicators, namely soil quality index (SQI), climate quality index (CQI), vegetation quality index (VQI), and socio-economic quality index (SEQI). The findings indicated that the majority of the study area comes under the potential category of desertification (60.32%) followed by fragile (27.87%) and critical (11.81%). Areas with a high propensity for desertification were found over the low to very low climatic quality and moderate to high soil quality including lower socio-economic quality. The lower socio-economic quality is mainly due to high to very high population density (>100 people/km2), low to moderate illiteracy rate (<16%), and low to moderate work participation rate (<50%) that incentivize unsustainable land use practices. The study provides a valuable tool for understanding and managing natural resources. It offers a detailed analysis of the environmental sensitivity of the study area, taking into account various factors like land use, vegetation cover, slope, and soil erosion potential. The developed comprehensive map of the area helps in identifying the most sensitive regions and developing appropriate conservation strategies. The information obtained from the study can be utilized to develop and implement successful measures to prevent or alleviate desertification, which is crucial for sustaining the health of ecosystems and the welfare of local residents.

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Macêdo, Theilon Henrique de Jesus, Cristiano Tagliaferre, Bismarc Lopes da Silva, Alessandro de Paula, Odair Lacerda Lemos, Felizardo Adenilson Rocha, Rosilene Gomes de Souza Pinheiro, and Ana Carolina Santos Lima. "Assessment of Land Desertification in the Brazilian East Atlantic Region Using the Medalus Model and Google Earth Engine." Land 13, no. 1 (December 26, 2023): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13010031.

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Many factors drive land desertification, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the sheer number of these driving factors of desertification makes analyses computer-intensive. Cloud computing offers a solution to address this problem, especially in developing countries. The objective of this work was to assess the sensitivity of the East Atlantic Basin, Brazil, to desertification using the Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) model and Google Earth Engine (GEE). The model is composed of four environmental Quality Indices (QIs) associated with soil (SQI), vegetation (VQI), climate (CQI), and management (MQI), each encompassing factors that influence the desertification process. Digital databases corresponding to these factors were pre-processed and uploaded to GEE for analysis. We report Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) and Environmentally Critical Factors (ECF) maps of the East Atlantic Basin, which show that most of the basin is in either a critical (49.4%) or fragile (35.7%) state of sensitivity. In contrast, only a smaller portion of the area is unaffected (5%) or potentially affected (10.1%). The analysis also revealed an inverse correlation between desertification sensitivity and the presence of vigorous vegetation. A joint evaluation of ESAs and ECF shed light on the importance of each factor in the sensitivity to desertification. The East Atlantic Basin shows a high degree of sensitivity to desertification, thereby demanding more attention and the establishment of measures to mitigate the negative impacts of the desertification process.

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Zaidan, Muthana, Mufid al-hadithi, and Waddah Amer. "Utilizing soil quality index to assess soil susceptibility to desertification in the eastern Tigris area (al-Fatha-Udaim) /Iraq." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1300, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1300/1/012007.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine how vulnerable the land was to desertification along the eastern Tigris River by analyzing eight parameters directly connected to soil health. the study area is a part of the Salah Addin governorate and spans 5592.43 km2. The morphology of the study region was assessed using a soil quality index and maps generated using the ArcGIS v.10.5 software as well as Landsat image OLI from USGS combined with laboratory results and the MEDALUS model for evaluating soil quality indicators. The research concluded two distinct types of locations within the study region. About 43.78 %, with area equal to 2448.64 km2, falls under the first group, which is not particularly vulnerable to desertification. While the second group accounts for 56.22 % of the study area and encompasses 3143.79 km2, they are only somewhat vulnerable to desertification.

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Ait Lamqadem, Atman, Biswajeet Pradhan, Hafid Saber, and Abdelmejid Rahimi. "Desertification Sensitivity Analysis Using MEDALUS Model and GIS: A Case Study of the Oases of Middle Draa Valley, Morocco." Sensors 18, no. 7 (July 11, 2018): 2230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072230.

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Oases can play a significant role in the sustainable economic development of arid and Saharan regions. The aim of this study was to map the desertification-sensitive areas in the Middle Draa Valley (MDV), which is in the southeast of Morocco. A total of 13 indices that affect desertification processes were identified and analyzed using a geographic information system. The Mediterranean desertification and land use approach; which has been widely used in the Mediterranean regions due to its simplicity; flexibility and rapid implementation strategy; was applied. All the indices were grouped into four main quality indices; i.e., soil quality; climate quality; vegetation quality and management quality indices. Each quality index was constructed by the combination of several sub-indicators. In turn; the geometric mean of the four quality index maps was used to construct a map of desertification-sensitive areas; which were classified into four classes (i.e., low; moderate; high and very high sensitivity). Results indicated that only 16.63% of the sites in the study were classified as least sensitive to desertification; and 50.34% were classified as highly and very highly sensitive areas. Findings also showed that climate and human pressure factors are the most important indicators affecting desertification sensitivity in the MDV. The framework used in this research provides suitable results and can be easily implemented in similar oasis arid areas.

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Zakerinejad, Reza, and Masoud Masoudi. "Quantitative mapping of desertification risk using the modified MEDALUS model: a case study in the Mazayejan Plain, Southwest Iran." AUC GEOGRAPHICA 54, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2019.20.

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Nady, Hany, and Emad Abdel fattah Hafez. "Using of Remote Sensing and GIS to Estimate Environmental Sensitivity to Desertification in East Nile Delta Using MEDALUS Model." Beni-Suef University International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 121–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/buijhs.2023.246085.1131.

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Allouche, Faiza Khebour, Arwa Hamaideh, Saida Hammami, Emna Gatta, and Anas Khasawneh. "ENVISIONING SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT IN THE ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS OF KSOUR ESSEF, TUNISIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i1.2021.2715.

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Each territory has distinctive features and landscape compositions that contribute to the creation of territorial identities. Natural parks are territories remarkable for their wealth of biodiversity, which in turn contribute to the development of sustainable socio-economic development through landscape enhancement. The main idea of this research is to test the combinaison of two concepts to propose a suitable management in a semi-arid environment. It is based on the use of the ESAs and landscape diagnosis concepts. The concept of ESAs is supported including the need to identify environnementally sensitive lands based on the hypotheses of MEDALUS project model. However, the landscape diagnosis is based on the combination of landscape potential and social requirements. Results aimed to create ecological and environmental models based on natural materials such as wood, light minerals and a diversified and multicoloured plant palette, including the logic of working with nature and preserving its particularity by promoting sustainable local development criteria and create a new green city.

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Lukić, S., A. Baumgertel, S. Obradović, R. Kadović, J. Beloica, D. Pantić, P. Miljković, and S. Belanović Simić. "Assessment of land sensitivity to degradation using MEDALUS model - a case study of Grdelica Gorge and Vranjska Valley (southeastern Serbia)." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 15, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor3871-015.

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Meza Mori, Gerson, Cristóbal Torres Guzmán, Manuel Oliva-Cruz, Rolando Salas López, Gladys Marlo, and Elgar Barboza. "Spatial Analysis of Environmentally Sensitive Areas to Soil Degradation Using MEDALUS Model and GIS in Amazonas (Peru): An Alternative for Ecological Restoration." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 14866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214866.

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Land degradation is a permanent global threat that requires an interdisciplinary approach to addressing solutions in a given territory. This study, therefore, analyses environmentally sensitive areas to land degradation using the Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) method through a multi-criteria approach in the district of Florida (Peru). For the method, we considered the main quality indicators such as: Climate Quality Index (CQI), Soil Quality Index (SQI), Vegetation Quality Index (VQI), and Management Quality Index (MQI). There were also identified groups of parameters for each of the quality indicators analyzed. The results showed that 2.96% of the study area is classified as critical; 48.85% of the surface is classified as fragile; 15.48% of the areas are potentially endangered, and 30.46% are not threatened by degradation processes. Furthermore, SQI, VQI, and MQI induced degradation processes in the area. Based on the results, five restoration proposals were made in the study area: (i) organic manure production, (ii) cultivated and improved pastures and livestock improvement, (iii) native forest restoration, (iv) construction of reservoirs in the top hills and (v) uses of new technologies. The findings and proposals can be a basic support and further improved by decision-makers when implemented in situ to mitigate degradation for a sustainable use of the territory.

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& Azeez, Qadir. "ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING OF DESERTIFICATION USING SOIL QUALITY INDICATORS FOR SOME PARTS OF IRAQ." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 51, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 1290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i5.1136.

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This study was conducted to assess desertification for dry lands in some parts of Iraq. The study area located between longitudes 43025- 41" - 460 28- 01" E and latitudes 340 18- 35" - 360 20- 56" N with an area of 26500Km2which include some parts of the governorates of Sulaimani, Diyala, Kirkuk, and Erbil in Iraq. Eighty nine surface soil samples were taken, air dried, sieved through a 2 mm sieve and then analyzed for some physical and chemical properties. Desertification is assessed according to Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use model (MEDALUS). ArcGIS 10.2 was used to analyze and prepare the layers of soil quality maps. In turn the geometric mean of all six quality maps was used to generate a single desertification status map .In calculating the weight of the soil quality indicator SQI it seems that it was divided into two classes, firstly, class 2(moderate quality) with an area of 25147 km2, which occupied 95% of the study area and the rest is class3 (low quality) with an area of 1309 km 2 which equal to 5% of the total area.

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Ismael, Hossam. "Evaluation Of Present-Day Climate-Induced Desertification In El-Dakhla Oasis, Western Desert Of Egypt, Based On Integration Of MEDALUS Method, GIS And RS Techniques." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 47–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2015-0024.

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Abstract Limited to fourth percent or less of the country’s total land area, Egypt’s agricultural landscape is threatened by the repercussions of climate change, desertification, soil depletion, and looming water scarcity. Outside of the Nile river valley and scattered fertile pockets in the desert oases, the vast majority of land is desert: rocky, parched and unable to support conventional farming. According to Egyptian National Action Program 2005 (ENAP), Egypt covers an area of about one million km2 ~ 100 million hectares, out of which about of 76.5 thousands km2 ~ 7.6% of the total area are inhabited, and the remaining (92.4%) area is desert. Desertification is a very complex process governed by several variables which influence each other. It is thus not possible to conclude for the general picture from a single factor alone. This process has a high rate in arid and hyper-arid countries such as Egypt. The main objective of this research was to evaluation the present-day climate-induced desertification in El-Dakhla Oasis, so in this study, the newest method for evaluating and mapping of desertification was used. The mathematic method was carried out by European Commission (EC), (MEditerranean Desertification And Land Use) at the MEDALUS project and booked as ESAs in 1999 integrated with remote sensing and GIS. All indices of the model were revised before using, and regarding to the region condition these indices were defined as key indices which were: Temperature, precipitation, wind, albedo, ground water and soil benchmark, and each benchmark has some sub-layers getting from their geometric mean. Based on the MEDALUS model, each sub-benchmark was quantified according to its quality and given a weighting of between 1.0 and 2.0. All benchmarks should be reinvestigated and adjusted to local conditions. Ultimately, desertification severity was classified in four level including low, moderate, Severe and high Severe. ArcGIS 10 was used to analysis and prepares the layers of quality maps using the geometric mean to integrate the individual sub-indicator maps. In turn the geometric mean of six quality maps was used to generate a single desertification status map. Remote sensing data have great potential to improve models mapping spatial variability of temperature and precipitation since they are available as time worldwide, and have high spatial resolution. The HYDRA visualization software was used to measure the present surface albedo from MODIS product (MOD43C1). Results showed that 60% of the area is classified as Severe, 14 % as moderate and 12%, 16% as low and none affected by desertification respectively. In addition the climatic variations including rainfall, temperature, sunlight, wind indicators were the most important factors affecting desertification process in El-Dakhla Oasis.

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& Hussien, Khalaf. "ENVIRONMENT SENSITIVITY MAPS OF LAND DEGRADATION AND DESRTIFICATION USING MEDULAS MODEL AND REMOTE SENSING IN SHIRQAT CITY/IRAQ." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 52, no. 3 (June 22, 2021): 697–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i3.1361.

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This research of aims to study environment sensitivity of desertification and land degradation using MEDULAS project and remote sensing in AL-Shirqat City/Salahadin/Iraq. A 10 soil pedons were chosen from study area depending on difference in soil preperties, landuse and causes of desertification and degradation as (Salinity, Erosion, Gypsum and vegetation cover). Soil profile description, soil samples and GPS were conducted. The physical (texture) and chemical (CaCO3, CaSO4.2H2O, O.M, EC and pH) properties were determined. The Soil were classified as Torrifluvents in the (P1, P2, P3), Torripsamments in the (P5 and P7), Calcigypsids in the (P6, P8 and P10) and Calcids in the P4. The landsat 8 image at 20sep. 2019 and 19 sep. 2013 were aquired in the spectral indices calculate and spatial maps by using ERDAS 15 and GIS 10.2. The result show contrast in soil propreties as sand, clay, soil gypsum, CaCO3, OM and EC that reflect on Soil Quality Index (SQI) which were (60)% poor quality and (40)% moderate quality degradation. While (19.10) % that moderate quality and 80.90% that poor quality for Vegetation Quality Index. The results show that 0.1% of the study area is classiﬁed as C1; 25.35% as C2; 74.55% of the areas as C3. The spectral indices as LAI, SI5, OSAVI were approporiate for monitor of desertification and degradation in study area. Add, spatial change in the spectral indices as NDVI and LAI. The results shown that MEDALUS model is a important model in the areas disposed to desertification and degradation.

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Sobhani, Ameneh, and Hassan Khosravi. "Assessing Environmental Sensitivity Areas to Desertification in North of Iran." Current World Environment 10, no. 3 (December 25, 2015): 890–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.3.19.

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The sensitivity map to desertification of Chehel-chai basin (North of Iran) has been elaborated by the crossing of fives criteria including climate, water erosion, soil, vegetation, and management, which have the main impact on the evolutionary process of desertification. The methodology is resulted from the desertification model of MEDALUS, which use qualitative index to define the land sensitive area to desertification. According to the factorial scaling technique, score-ranging from 1(good condition) to 2(deteriorated condition) is assigned to each indicator. Each index was assessed based on selected indicators, which resulted in qualitative mapping of each index based on geometric average of the indicators. Thematic databases, with a 1:50000 scale resolution, were integrated and elaborated in GIS software based on arc view3.2, Ilwis3.1 and ArcGIS9.3. The obtained results indicate that 39.39% of Chehel-chai basin is highly sensitive to desertification, 2.13 % has moderate sensitivity, only 2.43% has low sensitivity and 56.05% is non-sensitive. Studying the mean weight of numerical value, it is distinguished that the intensity of desertification for the total area is 1.32 which is classified as fragile (2).

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Karimli, Nilufar, and Mahmut Oğuz Selbesoğlu. "Remote Sensing-Based Yield Estimation of Winter Wheat Using Vegetation and Soil Indices in Jalilabad, Azerbaijan." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, no. 3 (March 13, 2023): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12030124.

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Concerns about the expanding human population’s adequate supply of food draw attention to the field of Food Security. Future-focused analysis and processing of agricultural data not only improve planning capabilities in this field but also enables the required precautions to be taken beforehand. However, given the breadth and number of these regions, field research would be an expensive and time-consuming endeavour. With the advent of remote sensing and optical sensors, it is now possible to acquire diverse data remotely, quickly, and inexpensively. This study investigated the limitations and capabilities of remote sensing data application in the field of planning Food Security. As a result, Sentinel 2 and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data were used to estimate winter wheat yields with a high degree of accuracy (98.03%) using the Mamatkulov technique and the MEDALUS model, which was both free and widely available. This method can make it possible to make predictions about the productivity of newly created crop fields or for which we do not have information about the productivity of previous years, without the need to wait for building regression models or any field studies. Considering the outcome, wide-range and larger analyses on this topic can be carried through.

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Shokr, Mohamed S., Mostafa A. Abdellatif, Ahmed A. El Baroudy, Abdelrazek Elnashar, Esmat F. Ali, Abdelaziz A. Belal, Wael Attia, et al. "Development of a Spatial Model for Soil Quality Assessment under Arid and Semi-Arid Conditions." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 7, 2021): 2893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052893.

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Food security has become a global concern for humanity with rapid population growth, requiring a sustainable assessment of natural resources. Soil is one of the most important sources that can help to bridge the food demand gap to achieve food security if well assessed and managed. The aim of this study was to determine the soil quality index (SQI) for El Fayoum depression in the Western Egyptian Desert using spatial modeling for soil physical, chemical, and biological properties based on the MEDALUS methodology. For this purpose, a spatial model was developed to evaluate the soil quality of the El Fayoum depression in the Western Egyptian Desert. The integration between Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Sentinel-2 satellite image was used to produce landforms and digital soil mapping for the study area. Results showed that the study area located under six classes of soil quality, e.g., very high-quality class represents an area of 387.12 km2 (22.7%), high-quality class occupies 441.72 km2 (25.87%), the moderate-quality class represents 208.57 km2 (12.21%), slightly moderate-quality class represents 231.10 km2 (13.5%), as well as, a low-quality class covering an area of 233 km2 (13.60%), and very low-quality class occupies about 206 km2 (12%). The Agricultural Land Evaluation System for arid and semi-arid regions (ALESarid) was used to estimate land capability. Land capability classes were non-agriculture class (C6), poor (C4), fair (C3), and good (C2) with an area 231.87 km2 (13.50%), 291.94 km2 (17%), 767.39 km2 (44.94%), and 416.07 km2 (24.4%), respectively. Land capability along with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) used for validation of the proposed model of soil quality. The spatially-explicit soil quality index (SQI) shows a strong significant positive correlation with the land capability and a positive correlation with NDVI at R2 0.86 (p < 0.001) and 0.18 (p < 0.05), respectively. In arid regions, the strategy outlined here can easily be re-applied in similar environments, allowing decision-makers and regional governments to use the quantitative results achieved to ensure sustainable development.

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OURABIT, Souad, Abderrahim ETTAQY, and Mohamed EL GHACHI. "ASSESSMENT OF SENSITIVITY TO DESERTIFICATION IN THE OUM ER-RBIA WATERSHED (UPSTREAM OF OULED SIDI DRISS) USING THE MEDALUS APPROACH." Journal of Applied Life Sciences and Environment 57, no. 1(197)2024 (March 25, 2024): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46909/alse-571129.

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The issue of desertification is a pressing concern for many vulnerable regions, with consequences that extend far beyond their borders. It is a silent force that not only contributes to global climate change by releasing stored carbon from vegetation and soil but also compounds the ongoing environmental challenges we face on a global scale. In Morocco, the effects of these climate changes are already noticeable, particularly in terms of water scarcity due to reduced rainfall and rising temperatures. This, in turn, leads to soil drying and an increased risk of degradation. The Oum Er-Rbia watershed (upstream of Ouled Sidi Driss) is one of the basins affected by this issue, covering an area of 11,152 km² and spanning three topographic units (the Middle Atlas Mountains, the Phosphate Plateau and the Tadla Plain). This topographic diversity causes regional variation in the sensitivity to desertification. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the sensitivity to desertification in this watershed by using the MEDALUS model (Mediterranean desertification and land use), which calculates the Desertification Sensitivity Index (DSI) through the composition of four indices: the Soil Quality Index (SQI), the Vegetation Quality Index (VQI), the Climate Quality Index (CQI) and the Land Use Quality Index (LUQI). The results show that the critical and highly sensitive zones represent 44% and are located at the northeast and west ends of the watershed. By contrast, the unaffected zones represent 12% of the total area of the watershed and correspond to the upstream area, where the climate, vegetation and land use systems are of good quality, providing effective protection for the land. To reduce the impact of this phenomenon, we have proposed some potentially impactful development actions based on land use and the results obtained.

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Ouakil, Abdelhadi, Fatimazahra Eddefli, Badr Ben Hichou, Jamal Chao, and Hicham Elbelrhiti. "Integration of Sentinel2 Data into a GIS System for the Mapping of Areas at Risk of Degradation by Applying the MEDALUS Model – Case of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah Watershed (Morocco)." Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology 24, no. 7 (September 1, 2023): 216–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/27197050/169877.

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Simón Sanjurjo, Juan Antonio. "Olvidar al tramposo: El caso de Johann Muehlegg y el estudio del discurso identitario a través de la prensa española = Forgetting the cheater: The case of Johann Muehlegg and the study of identity discourse through the Spanish press." Materiales para la Historia del Deporte, no. 24 (June 15, 2023): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/mhd.2023.24.4787.

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ResumenEn noviembre de 1999 el esquiador de fondo de origen alemán Johann Muehlegg, consiguió su nacionalización española. Los triunfos deportivos no tardaron en llegar logrando la Copa del Mundo en el 2000, dos medallas en el Mundial de 2001 y tres medallas de oro en los Juegos Olímpicos de Salt Lake City en el 2002. El día después de conseguir su última victoria, el Comité Olímpico internacional (COI) le comunicó que había dado positivo por una sustancia denominada darbepoetina alfa y fue inmediatamente expulsado de la competición retirándole todas las medallas. A partir de ese momento el nuevo ídolo del deporte español pasó de héroe a villano en pocos días. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal analizar el tratamiento informativo que la prensa generalista y deportiva española ofreció del esquiador de fondo de origen alemán Johann Muehlegg, desde su irrupción en el panorama deportivo de este país hasta su descalificación por dopaje y su posterior retirada. Se examina la cobertura desarrollada por los periódicos El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia, Mundo Deportivo y Marca, en el periodo cronológico comprendido entre noviembre del 1999 y diciembre del 2006. La prensa convirtió a Muellegg en el modelo perfecto de integración en la sociedad española y asimilación de las identidades nacionales, para posteriormente, una vez conocido su dopaje, transformarse en el peor ejemplo para el deporte español y condenarlo al olvido. AbstractIn November 1999, the German cross-country skier Johann Muehlegg obtained his Spanish nationality. He won the World Cup in 2000, two medals at the 2001 World Cup and three gold medals at the Olympic Games in Salt Lake City in 2002. The day after his last victory, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) informed him that he had tested positive for a substance called darbepoetin alpha and he was immediately expelled from the competition and all his medals were withdrawn. From that moment on, the new idol of Spanish sport went from hero to villain in a few days. The main objective of this research is to analyze the informative treatment that the Spanish general and sports pressoffered to Johann Muehlegg, from his irruption in the sports scene of this country until his disqualification for doping and his subsequent withdrawal. It examines the coverage developed by the newspapers El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia, Mundo Deportivo and Marca in the chronological period between November 1999 and December 2006. The press turned Muehlegg into the perfect model of integration into the Spanish society and assimilation of national identities, to later, once his doping was known, become the worst example for Spanish sport and condemn him to oblivion. This research has an approach of historical analysis, specifically from the history of the present, and with the use of a methodology based on content analysis.

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Parrilla, Margarita, and Marta Pulido Polo. "Los Títulos De “Hijo Predilecto” E “Hijo Adoptivo”, La Historia Local De Las Provincias Andaluzas | The Titles Of "Hijo Predilecto" And "Hijo Adoptivo", The Local History Of Andalusian Provinces." REVISTA ESTUDIOS INSTITUCIONALES 3, no. 5 (December 28, 2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/eeii.vol.3.n.5.2016.18393.

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La abundante literatura sobre protocolo que existe en España raramente se ha detenido a analizar la importancia que juegan los reglamentos de honores y distinciones de las Entidades Locales como la herramienta de transmisión de los valores constitucionales al conjunto de la ciudadanía. Buena prueba de ello son los galardonados con alguno de los premios, nombramientos o medallas con los que, a lo largo de la geografía andaluza, realizan las Diputaciones Provinciales de la Comunidad Autónoma Andaluza. Personas, instituciones o empresas que ejemplifican el nuevo modelo de sociedad._______________________________The abundant literature on protocol that exists in Spain strange has stopped to analyse the importance of the regulations of honours and distinctions of the local authorities as the tool of transmission of the constitutional values to the society. An example of it are the accolades, prizes, appointments or medals that the County councils of the Autonomous Andalusia Community gives every year to people, institutions or companies that try to exemplify a new model of society.

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Kirkby, M. J., R. Abrahart, M. D. McMahon, J. Shao, and J. B. Thornes. "MEDALUS soil erosion models for global change." Geomorphology 24, no. 1 (July 1998): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(97)00099-8.

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Rubio, Kátia. "O imaginário da derrota no esporte contemporâneo." Psicologia & Sociedade 18, no. 1 (April 2006): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-71822006000100012.

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Diante das necessidades impostas aos atletas de alto rendimento na atualidade, a superação se tornou um princípio e um termo recorrente entre aqueles que conseguiram chegar entre os mais destacados, os vencedores. Na estrutura do esporte contemporâneo observa-se a reprodução do modelo liberal que privilegia a vitória, embora sejam premiados os três primeiros colocados em disputas olímpicas. Isso leva muitas vezes o ganhador da medalha de prata e de bronze a se sentir derrotado, negando um feito digno de registro histórico. Os desdobramentos da derrota não são suficientemente estudados, o que contribui para uma atitude de negação em relação a essa situação tanto por parte de atletas como de profissionais que atuam no universo esportivo. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma discussão sobre o imaginário da derrota no esporte contemporâneo e como esse evento se dá entre atletas brasileiros ganhadores de medalhas olímpicas, bem como as suas várias representações no contexto social contemporâneo.

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Doo-Suk Kang and Lim, Jung-Duk. "The Forcasting Model of the Beijing Olympic Medals." Korean Journal of Sport Science 19, no. 4 (December 2008): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2008.19.4.126.

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González-Ruiz, J., G. Torres-Luque, A. Roca-Cruz, E. Puga González, and D. Cabello-Manrique. "Relación entre inversión y resultados deportivos de España y el Reino Unido en los últimos 20 años (1996-2016)." SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias del Deporte 7, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/322021.

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<p>El objeto del estudio es analizar cómo los ciclos económicos afectan a la inversión en el tercer sector del deporte y a los resultados deportivos internacionales. Se comparan los modelos de España y Reino Unido. Se seleccionaron los resultados olímpicos de ambos países en los últimos 20 años (Sídney 2000; Atenas 2004; Pekín 2008; Londres 2012 y Río 2016). Los resultados muestran como España ha ido disminuyendo la inversión pública en deporte desde la crisis, pero ha logrado mantener sus resultados deportivos en los Juegos Olímpicos. Esto evidencia una posible mejora de los recursos públicos y de la generación de recursos propios. Reino Unido muestra una recuperación económica mucho más sólida, que ha potenciado sus resultados deportivos, casi doblando el número de medallas en el periodo poscrisis. Se constata una mayor eficacia y eficiencia del modelo de Reino Unido que necesita menos de la mitad de deportistas olímpicos para conseguir excelentes resultados, generando un coste de medalla por habitante un 50% menor que España.</p>

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Jain, Arushi, and Vishal Bhatnagar. "Olympics Big Data Prognostications." International Journal of Rough Sets and Data Analysis 3, no. 4 (October 2016): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrsda.2016100103.

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Data is continuously snowballing over the years, gradually a huge growth is seen in data to store and tame to yield meticulous result. It gives rise to a concept nowadays, reckoned as big data analytics. With the summer Olympics at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in the year 2016 round the corner, we, the authors have implemented a mathematical model by implementing efficient map reduce program to predict the number of medals each country might bag at the games. Based on a number of factors such as historical performance of the country in terms of medals won, the performance of athletes, financial scenario in the country, fitness levels and nutrition of athletes along with familiarity to the playing conditions can be used to come up with a reliable estimate.

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Azzolini, Monica. "There Were No Medals To Be Won." Nuncius 34, no. 2 (June 12, 2019): 258–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03402005.

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Abstract While in modern times excellence in science is often acknowledged with a prize medal, this was not the case in the Renaissance. Despite the fact that the Italian Renaissance saw a remarkable revival of medal casting, there were no medals to be won in the Renaissance for originality and scientific priority. Rather, professional success was determined by the ability to win public disputations and debate contested topics. This article illustrates how this mode of knowledge production, which reached its peak in the second half of the sixteenth century, was deeply rooted in the culture of verbal and physical duelling that developed in Italy around that time. Transforming the culture of academic disputation into one of public spectacle, the sixteenth century saw scientific practitioners make careers out of controversy and polemical exchange. From the mid-seventeenth century onwards, this model of knowledge production was slowly superseded by more moderate exchanges and collaborations.

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Waddington, Raymond B. "A Satirist's Impresa: The Medals of Pietro Aretino." Renaissance Quarterly 42, no. 4 (1989): 655–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2862276.

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Characterized by Burckhardt as the father of modernjournalism, Pietro Aretino was the first vernacular writer to understand and exploit fully the resource of the printing press. But while some kinds of his writings anticipate now conventional varieties of journalism, such a label slights the more literary of his activities in drama, poetry, hagiography, and prose dialogue. The protean variety of Aretino's works made him both successor to Bembo as the leading man of letters in the 1530s and 40s and the model for the poligrafi who would succeed him. As with those poligrafi, a coherence to his activities can be seen in his posture as social critic; preeminently, in his secular compositions, Aretino writes as a satirist.

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Lin, Qiuping, Xiaoxue Dong, and Minglun Li. "Analysis of Big Data Behavior in Sports Track and Field Based on Machine Learning Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (June 23, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1439993.

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At present, machine learning is more efficient and accurate for the efficiency of operation logic after four stages of reform. In order to improve the participation rate of the whole people in track and field sports and get a better level and ranking in track and field competitions, the ATI model under the machine model is used to deeply analyze the behavior of track and field sports in order to get more accurate data. There are a series of problems in the process of correlation analysis, such as the loss caused by the analysis process, the error in the analysis process, and the lack of understanding of track- and field-related data. In order to solve this series of problems, this study optimizes the behavior analysis through related experiments. The experiment proves the correlation between learning rate and loss. When the learning rate is 0.1, the loss caused by behavior analysis is lower. For the 23rd–28th session, the number of gold medals and the number of medals won in track and field were analyzed. By comparing the ATI model with the ATT model, ATT-Net model, and WAT model, it is concluded that the ATI model has a lower error rate for behavior analysis under big data. The coverage rate of behavior analysis data is wider. Therefore, in order to make track and field behavior analysis more accurate and stable under big data, the ATI model under machine learning should be preferred for data collection, collation, analysis, and summary. Through the ATI model to analyze the related behavior of track and field under big data, there are the following advantages: when the learning speed is 0.1, the loss value in the analysis process is reduced; the number of neurons is increased, and the dropout rate is reduced to reduce NPMSE value; and the error loss rate of behavior analysis is reduced, and the analysis coverage rate is increased.

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Tchamkerten, Aslan, Paul Chaudron, Nicolas Girard, Antoine Monnier, David B. Pyne, and Philippe Hellard. "Career factors related to winning Olympic medals in swimming." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (June 28, 2024): e0304444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304444.

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To investigate associations between a swimmer’s career progression and winning a medal at the Olympic Games (OG) or World Championships (WC). A total of 4631 swimming performances of 1535 top swimmers (653 women, 882 men) from 105 nationalities since1973 were extracted from FINA rankings. A panel of 12 predictor variables including nationality, gender, competition, age, number and timing of competitions, pattern of progressions and regressions in performance, and medal outcomes was established. Linear logistic regression was used to study the association between winning a medal and predictor variables. Logistic regression coefficients were obtained by training on 80% of the database, and prediction accuracy evaluated on the remaining 20%. Using the training set, a selection of 9 most relevant features for prediction of winning a medal (target variable) was obtained through exhaustive feature selection and cross-validation: nationality, competition, number of competitions, number of annual career progressions (nb_prog), maximum annual career progression (max-progr), number of annual career regressions (nb_reg), age at maximum annual progression, P6 (the level of performance six months before the World Championships or Olympic Games), and P2 (the level of performance two months before the World Championships or Olympic Games). A logistic regression model was built and retrained on the entire training set achieved an area under the ROC curve of ~90% on the test set. The odds of winning a medal increased by 1.64 (95% CI, 1.39–1.91) and 1.44 (1.22–1.72) for each unit of increase in max-progr and n-prog, respectively. Odds of winning a medal decreased by 0.60 (0.49–0.72) for a unit increase in n-reg. In contrast, the odds increased by 1.70 (1.39–2.07) and 4.35 (3.48–5.42) for improvements in the 6 and 2 months before competition (P<0.001, for all variables). The likelihood of a swimmer winning an international medal is improved by ~40–90% with progressions from season-to-season, and reducing the number of regressions in performance. The chances of success are also improved 2- to 4-fold by substantial improvements in performance in the months before competition.

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Miyanishi, Hiroshi, and Katsuhisa Uchida. "Establishment of a Simplified System to Evaluate Salinity Preference and Validation of Behavioral Salinity Selection in the Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes." Fishes 6, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes6020018.

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In fishes, it is necessary to select a salinity environment suitable for survival. However, little is known about the mechanisms regarding detection and selection of salinity environments in fish. This study involved the establishment of a simple aquarium system in which fish can swim between freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) in a single tank. In this tank, the lower level contained SW, the upper level contained FW, and the FW and SW levels were clearly separated as different salinity areas. Behavioral experiments of salinity environment selection using this simplified system to evaluate salinity preference showed that FW-acclimated medakas preferred FW to SW. In contrast, SW-acclimated medakas preferred SW to FW. These results indicate that euryhaline medakas prefer the saline habitats to which they are acclimated, when able to select the salinity environment. We identified the taste receptor type-2 and polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 genes as possibly related to high-salinity taste in medaka. The expression of these genes increased at certain time points after SW challenges. In this study, we established an aquarium system to facilitate a simple experiment for salinity preference. Our results suggest that the medaka is good model for research related to seawater environment selection in fish.

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Contreras, Dante, and Andrés Gómez-Lobo. "En busca del oro ¿Qué determina el éxito en competencias deportivas internacionales?" El Trimestre Económico 73, no. 290 (August 16, 2017): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v73i290.544.

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Este artículo examina los determinantes del logro deportivo en los Juegos Panamericanos durante el periodo 1959-1999. La muestra considera un panel de países participantes, en el que la variable por explicar corresponde al número de medallas obtenidas. El modelo empírico planteado supone que el éxito deportivo depende de un conjunto de variables o recursos de los países, entre ellas el tamaño de la población, PIB, mortalidad infantil, porcentaje de población afroamericana y variables discretas que miden si el país en competencia actuaba como local o “vecino”. Dado que el número de medallas obtenidas depende del esfuerzo y recursos de los otros países en competencia, la estimación econométrica incorpora en la matriz de varianza-covarianza dicha correlación de errores. Los resultados indican que si se controla por efectos no observables por país, las variables de población y PIB no parecen afectar el número de medallas ganadas en los Juegos Panamericanos. Este resultado sería congruente con la hipótesis de que más que el tamaño o riqueza del país, lo que determina el éxito deportivo de élite son los recursos que se invierten en desarrollar esta actividad.

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Jasim, F., and A. Almishity. "DETERMINING THE QUALITY INDEX OF VEGETATION COVER USING THE MEDALAS MODEL FOR THE REGIONS OF WESTERN IRAQ." ANBAR JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32649/ajas.2022.176557.

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48

Feinstein, Alvan R. "The Intellectual Crisis in Clinical Science: Medaled Models and Muddled Mettle." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 30, no. 2 (1987): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.1987.0047.

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49

Chen, Yajie, and Zhaoyi Wang. "The Signaling Game: Unraveling the Surprising Revenue Surge and User Engagement in KEEPs Revised Medal Events Model." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 53, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/53/20230837.

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Keep, the popular fitness platform on Chinas fitness platform, improved its marketing strategy by transforming medals from being earned unconditionally to being earned after exercise. Previous studies have stopped at examining the equilibrium Keep companys business model for the signaling game, with the gap of the signaling game to analyze the companys business strategy. This paper presents a novel theoretical model aimed at elucidating the operational dynamics that attract a higher user base under improved conditions for Keep medal acquisition. Drawing from the foundation of signaling game theory, the model categorizes users into distinct groups and observes the ensuing public responses. The study culminates in a discerning conclusion that Keep highlights the inclination of health-conscious users to engage in medal acquisition, thus signaling their commitment, in contrast to the reluctance of more indolent individuals to participate. Companies can leverage this mechanism to entice health-oriented individuals, ultimately expanding their customer base. The implications of this research extend directly to real-world scenarios, offering strategic insights for companies.

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Suzuki, Tomohiro, Kazuya Takeda, and Keisuke Fujii. "Automatic Detection of Faults in Simulated Race Walking from a Fixed Smartphone Camera." International Journal of Computer Science in Sport 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijcss-2024-0002.

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Abstract Automatic fault detection is a major challenge in many sports. In race walking, judges visually detect faults according to the rules. Hence, automatic fault detection systems will help a training of race walking without experts’ visual judgement. Some studies have attempted to use sensors and machine learning to automatically detect faults. However, there are problems associated with sensor attachments and equipment such as a high-speed camera, which conflict with the visual judgement of judges, and the interpretability of the fault detection models. In this study, we proposed an automatic fault detection system for non-contact measurement. We used pose estimation and machine learning models trained based on the judgements of multiple qualified judges to realize fair fault judgement. We verified them using smartphone videos of normal race walking and walking with intentional faults in several athletes including the medalist of the Tokyo Olympics. The results show that the proposed system detected faults with an average accuracy of over 90%. We also revealed that the machine learning model detects faults according to the rules. In addition, the intentional faulty walking movement of the medalist was different from that of other walkers. This finding informs realization of a more general fault detection model.

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