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Книги з теми "Mechanism of attention"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Glazkova, Mariya. Court practice in the mechanism of legal monitoring. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25284.

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The manual discusses the role of judicial practice in the implementation of the mechanism of legal monitoring on the Federal, regional and local levels. It justifies significance of judicial practice as an integral part of the legal monitoring, since it is the judiciary, which is constant- Janno being at the turn of sometimes conflicting interests to have the most complete information about the quality of legislation. Describes the theoretical and normative foundations of legal monitoring, its organization and influence on the development of procedural law and the legal system. Special attention given the anti-corruption monitoring. The work is aimed at resolving issues of implementation of legal monitoring in the activities of public authorities, business-structures, public organizations and other civil society institutions in order to make informed proposals on optimization of the Russian legislation. For deputies, employees of state and municipal authorities, representatives of civil society institutions, scientific workers, teachers, postgraduates and students of law universities and faculties.

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2

Cantoni, Virginio, Maria Marinaro, and Alfredo Petrosino, eds. Visual Attention Mechanisms. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0111-4.

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3

V, Cantoni, Marinaro M, and Petrosino Alfredo, eds. Visual attention mechanisms. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002.

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4

Cantoni, V. Visual Attention Mechanisms. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002.

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5

Samovich, Yuliya, and Ramil Sharifullin. International protection of human rights: universal mechanisms. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02042-5.

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The tutorial examines the universal mechanism for the international protection of individual rights, in particular the United Nations system and treaty bodies. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the effectiveness of the international control mechanism and proposals for its improvement. The content will allow students to both independently fill in the missed material and get acquainted with additional. The manual is recommended for students in the direction 40.04.01 "Jurisprudence" (magistracy), graduate students, specialty students.

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6

Sabine, Maasen, ed. Mechanisms of visual attention: A cognitive neuroscience perspective. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press, 1998.

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7

Balynin, Igor', Natal'ya Vlasova, Aleksey Gubernatorov, Lyudmila Koreckaya, Dmitriy Kuznecov, Evgeniy Lomov, Tat'yana Nikerova, et al. Corporate finance. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1013023.

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The textbook deals with the organization of corporate management in the innovation and digital economy, describes the direction of investment policy and the mechanism of its implementation in the activities of the Corporation. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms and methods of financing the Corporation's activities, as well as applied aspects of modeling business processes and their effectiveness. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. It is intended for students studying in the areas of "management" and "Economics", and can also be useful for graduate students and teachers.

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8

Bauer-Amin, Sabine, Leonardo Schiocchet, and Maria Six-Hohenbalken, eds. Embodied Violence and Agency in Refugee Regimes. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839458020.

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Анотація:

Multiple refugee regimes govern the lives of forced migrants simultaneously but in an often conflicting way. As a mechanism of inclusion/exclusion, they tend to engender the violence they sought to dissipate. Protection and control channel agency through mechanisms of either tutelage and victimisation or criminalisation. This book contrasts multiple groups of refugees and refugee regimes, revealing the inherent coercive violence of refugee regimes, from displacement and expulsion, to stereotypification and exclusion in host countries, and academic knowledge essentialisation. This violence is international, national, society-based, internalised, and embodied - and it urgently needs due scholarly attention.

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9

Baruni, Jalal Kenji. Mechanisms of attention in visual cortex and the amygdala. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2016.

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10

1939-, Pfaff Donald W., and Kieffer Brigitte L, eds. Molecular and biophysical mechanisms of arousal, alertness, and attention. Boston, Mass: Published by Blackwell Pub. on behalf of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008.

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11

Joseph, Jordan. Brain mechanisms, attention-deficit, and related mental disorders: A clinical and theoretical assessment of attention-deficit. Springfield, Ill., U.S.A: C.C. Thomas, 1992.

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12

International, Symposium on Attention and Performance (19th 2000 Kloster Irsee Germany). Common mechanisms in perception and action: Attention and Performance XIX. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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13

Mel'nikov, Vladimir. State and municipal procurement: in 2 parts. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1096100.

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Анотація:

The second part of the textbook "State and municipal procurement" is devoted to the theoretical and methodological aspects of reforming the procurement system of products for public needs in Russia as a distribution mechanism that contributes to the achievement of economic policy goals. Special attention is paid to the institutional and behavioral factors of economic reforms, the place and role of public procurement in the structure of state regulation of the economy. A comparative analysis of conceptual approaches to the organization of the procurement is given, allowing the use of the state contract system as a mechanism of proactive economic policy aimed at the formation of economic orders. For master's degree students of economic specialties of higher educational institutions, as well as for training in the framework of retraining programs for state and municipal employees.

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14

Marianne, Goldberger, and Gray Paul 1918-, eds. Danger and defense: The technique of close process attention. Northvale, N.J: Jason Aronson, 1996.

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15

L, Carstensen Laura, and Neale John M. 1943-, eds. Mechanisms of psychological influence on physical health: With special attention to the elderly. New York: Plenum Press, 1989.

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16

W, Krohne Heinz, ed. Attention and avoidance: Strategies in coping with aversiveness. Seattle, Wash: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 1993.

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17

Lednev, Mihail, and Il'ya Pokamestov. Factoring. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058317.

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The history of the origin and development of factoring operations, their classification, the mechanism of factoring as a method of financing the company's working capital, models of international factoring, risk management of this type of business, legal aspects of factoring in the Russian Federation, the current state of the factoring market in the world are considered. Special attention is paid to the functioning of the factoring company — its organizational structure, principles of working with clients, automation of factoring operations. The electronic component of the textbook includes: a workshop on the study of the discipline "Factoring"; a guide to the study of the discipline "Factoring"; a glossary. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities, employees of financial and credit institutions, managers of enterprises of all forms of ownership.

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18

Baker, Brennan H. Prenatal acetaminophen exposure as a risk factor for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Underlying mechanisms in humans and mice. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2022.

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19

Homenko, Elena. Banking law. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1405583.

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The textbook contains a systematic presentation of the main institutions of banking law in accordance with the academic discipline "Banking Law", taught at the Department of Banking Law of the Moscow State Law University named after O. E. Kutafin (MSLA). It examines the banking system of the Russian Federation and its structure; the features of credit institutions as subjects of banking law; the legal basis of the national payment system, its relationship with the banking system of Russia; the legal regulation of the deposit insurance system; legislation on bank accounts; the main types of bank loans; currency transactions carried out with the participation of authorized banks, and operations of credit institutions in the securities market. Attention is paid to the ratio of electronic money with electronic means of payment, the mechanism of non-cash payments and the procedure for implementing the institute of payment clearing. The proposed diagrams and tables facilitate the assimilation of the most difficult questions.

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20

Morozko, Nina, and Valentina Didenko. Financial management in small business. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1862677.

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The textbook discusses the main provisions of the financial policy of the organization. The peculiarities of the functioning of small business in Russia are highlighted. The problems of the formation of financial resources of small organizations, the insolvency of organizations, the financial equivalent of the security of the functioning of small businesses are disclosed. The methods of financial management in small business, the provisions of the mechanism for ensuring the financial stability of the functioning of small organizations are considered in detail. The main directions of financial management for the organization of the functioning of small organizations in the conditions of diversified financial services are systematically determined. Special attention is paid to the specifics of the functioning and financing of Start-up companies. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students, postgraduates studying financial management issues, as well as specialists and managers of organizations who need to make rational management decisions.

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21

Astaf'eva, Ol'ga, Natal'ya Moiseenko, Aleksandr Kozlovskiy, Tat'yana Shemyakina, and Viktor Serov. Risk management in construction. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1842952.

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Анотація:

The monograph is devoted to the issues of risk management in the organizations of the investment and construction complex. The issues of risk classification are consistently considered, approaches to determining the types and types of risks are established. Attention is paid to approaches to the construction of a risk management mechanism and the specifics of the impact on the identified risks in terms of minimizing possible damage. The issues of state regulation are highlighted, a complex economic problem related to the study of the effectiveness of the chosen strategy of real investment projects based on the use of various methods and models of risk analysis is considered. Modern educational and methodological materials tested in the practice of enterprises and organizations of the construction complex of Moscow and the Moscow region were used. For a wide range of readers interested in the issues of risk management in construction. It will be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities.

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22

Mironov, A., and S. Zubarev. Interaction of law enforcement agencies to ensure national security. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1860938.

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Анотація:

The monograph examines the main directions of the organization and legal regulation of the interaction of law enforcement agencies in the activities to ensure the national security of the Russian state. Special attention is paid to the important characteristics of the constituent elements of national security, theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of the mechanism of interaction of law enforcement agencies to ensure state and public security and law and order, as well as the analysis of improving the effectiveness of the practical activities of law enforcement agencies in the system of measures to protect the rights and freedoms of the individual, the priority interests of society and the state using modern models of network (digital) interaction. The system of ensuring national security, its forces and means is characterized. Extreme threats and risks to national security within the framework of geopolitical changes in the modern world are shown. It is of interest to specialists of various branches of knowledge interested in security issues.

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23

Gadzhiev, Nazirhan, Ol'ga Kiseleva, Ol'ga Skripkina, Sergey Konovalenko, and Mihail Trofimov. Economic security of Russia at the present stage. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1836961.

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In the context of the reform of modern Russian society, issues related to strengthening the entire national security system and, first of all, economic security, focused on ensuring stable economic development of society and the state, their protection from current threats and risks, are of particular importance. Ensuring the interests of the country is based on the types of economic security that determine the integral development of the socio-economic space of Russia. The monograph outlines the essence, content, practical provisions of such aspects of the economic security of society and the state as food, environmental, social, monetary, tax, etc. The system of indicators, indicators and thresholds of various types of economic security is considered. Particular attention is paid to the forecast of the dynamics of key economic indicators of economic security in the medium term. The main directions of increasing the effectiveness of the mechanism for ensuring economic security in a market economy are shown. For a wide range of readers interested in the economic security of Russia. It will be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities.

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24

Balabanova, Evgeniya, E. Voynikanis, and A. Minbaleev. Permissible limits of copyright restrictions in the context of domestic, foreign and international law. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1859604.

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The monograph is devoted to the study of the problem of determining the permissible limits of copyright restrictions on works of science, literature and art. Limitations of exclusive rights to copyright objects, as well as their protection, have a serious impact on the formation of the general cultural context of the intellectual space and the socio-economic development of society as a whole. The free use of copyright objects acts as one of the key creative incentives and is of fundamental importance for balancing the interests of participants in legal relations arising in connection with the creation and use of works. An attempt has been made to carry out a comprehensive analysis of international, foreign and domestic experience of legal regulation in the field under consideration, covering both theoretical and practical aspects, in the context of historical retrospect and taking into account current trends in the development of modern copyright. A wide range of issues related to the functioning of the mechanism for limiting exclusive copyrights, modeling the system of criteria used to assess the permissibility of restrictions within the Romano-Germanic and Anglo-American legal traditions are considered. Special attention is paid to the development of new approaches to understanding possible ways to adjust the current legal regulation (many proposals for improving civil legislation are reflected). Based on the study of the limits of limitation of exclusive copyrights, the conceptual foundations for the formation of a restrictive mechanism have been developed, as well as a system of factors of fundamental importance for determining the nature of its functioning has been formulated. For a wide range of readers interested in copyright issues. It can be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools.

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25

Rossinskiy, Sergey. Pre-trial proceedings in a criminal case: the nature and methods of collecting evidence. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1244960.

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The monograph is devoted to a comprehensive review of the problems of pre-trial evidence collection as one of the stages of the general procedural mechanism aimed at establishing the circumstances relevant to the criminal case. The essence, methodological basis and system of investigative actions, forensic examinations and other procedural methods of collecting evidence that make up the modern arsenal of bodies of inquiry and preliminary investigation are investigated. The main cognitive and security technologies used in conducting investigative and other procedural actions are highlighted. The problems of the theory and legal regulation of the general rules of their implementation, the procedural status of their participants, fixing their progress and results, judicial control over their production are reflected; the actual problems of investigative inspection, examination, search, interrogation, confrontation, forensic examination, as well as the presentation, demand and seizure (seizure) of objects and documents are considered. Special attention is paid to the applied aspects, the analysis of errors and difficulties that arise in modern law enforcement practice, and possible ways to overcome them are proposed. For researchers and practitioners, teachers, postgraduates( adjuncts), students, as well as anyone interested in topical issues of criminal procedure law and criminology.

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26

Vallejo Maldonado, Pablo Ramon, and Nikolay Chaynov. Kinematics and dynamics of automobile piston engines. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/989072.

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The fundamentals of kinematics and dynamics of transport piston internal combustion engines made using different layout schemes are presented. Along with the traditional in-line, V-shaped, including oppositional, arrangement of cylinders, schemes with "staggered" arrangement of cylinders in the block at the displaced connecting rod necks of the crankshaft of the engine are considered. The kinematics of the coaxial crank mechanism is considered in detail. The questions of dynamics with reduction of calculated dependences of forces, moments, a choice of a rational order of work of cylinders in relation to the considered kinematic schemes are in detail stated. Considerable attention is paid to the unevenness of the crankshaft rotation speed and engine balancing. The loads on the main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft, the knowledge of which is necessary in determining the bearing capacity of bearing units, are also considered. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of training 23.03.03 "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes" and related areas.

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27

(Editor), Oscar Marin, ed. Attention and Performance 11: Mechanism of Attention (International Symposium on Attention and Performance//Attention and Performance). Lawrence Erlbaum, 1985.

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28

Lu, Zhong-Lin, and George Sperling. Attention-Generated Apparent Motion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0072.

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This chapter explores attention-generated apparent motion. A flickering display can seem to appear to move in opposite directions depending on which feature the observer attends to in the display. The illusory motion, generated by attention, demonstrates the mechanism of the third-order motion system: a dynamic salience map of the locations of the most salient stimulus features is determined jointly by stimulus strength (bottom-up) and by selective attention (top-down). Motion is computed directly and automatically from the salience map. Concepts covered in this chapter include apparent motion, first-order motion and second-order motion, feature tracking, salience maps, bottom-up processing, and top-down processing.

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29

Beck, Diane M., and Sabine Kastner. Neural Systems for Spatial Attention in the Human Brain. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.011.

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Spatial attention has been studied for over a half a century. Early behavioural work showed that attending to a location improves performance on a variety of tasks. Since then substantial progress has been made on understanding the neural mechanisms underlying these effects. This chapter reviews the neuroimaging literature, as well as related behavioural and single-cell physiology studies, on visual spatial attention. In particular, the chapter frames much of the work in the context of the biased competition theory of attention, which argues that a primary mechanism of attention is to bias competition among stimuli in the visual cortex in favour of an attended stimulus that, as a result, receives enhanced processing to guide behaviour. Accordingly, the authors have organized this chapter into two related sections. The first summarizes the effects of attention in the visual cortex and thalamus, the so-called ‘site’ of attention. The second explores the relationship between attention and fronto-parietal mechanisms which are thought to be the ‘source’ of the biasing signals exerted on the visual cortex.

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30

Visual Attention Mechanisms. Springer, 2011.

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31

Cantoni, Virginio, Maria Marinaro, and Alfredo Petrosino. Visual Attention Mechanisms. Springer, 2012.

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32

(Editor), Virginio Cantoni, Maria Marinaro (Editor), and Alfredo Petrosino (Editor), eds. Visual Attention Mechanisms. Springer, 2003.

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33

Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Attention. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2020-0-02386-8.

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34

Fisher, Barbara C., and Lisa V. Blitz. Attention Deficit Disorder: Practical Coping Mechanisms. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.

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35

Fisher, Barbara C., and Lisa V. Blitz. Attention Deficit Disorder: Practical Coping Mechanisms. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.

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36

Nobre, Anna C. (Kia), and Sabine Kastner. Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.040.

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‘Attention’ is a core and fundamental aspect of cognition. Accordingly it engages a sizeable and thriving research community. The field has precious theoretical and empirical seeds left by the pioneering investigators of mental functions in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries such as Franciscus Donders (1818–89), Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–94), Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920), and William James (1842–1910). It re-emerges in full strength in the 1950s with the cognitive revolution and Broadbent’s publication of Perception and Communication (1958). Since then, we have made tremendous progress in understanding the functional consequences of attention, its behavioural and neural mechanisms, its neural systems and dynamics, and its implications for neurological and psychiatric disorders. We are also making headway in understanding its interactions with other cognitive domains, and its applications to healthy cognition in the ‘real world’ more generally.

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37

Chakravarthi, Ramakrishna. Mechanisms in crowding: The role of attention. 2007.

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38

Kuhl, Brice A., and Marvin Chun. Memory and Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.034.

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A primary theme in attention research is that there is too much information in our environment for everything to be processed and, as a consequence, information processing is selective. This chapter reviews various properties of memory from the perspective of selective attention. It argues that the ways in which we form, retrieve, and work with our memories largely represent acts of attention. One obvious advantage of framing mnemonic processes as attentional phenomena is that it underscores the processing limits that are central to memory and the necessity of selection. Another advantage is that this framework can aid our understanding of the neural mechanisms that guide memory and their relation to neural mechanisms of perceptual attention.

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39

Seymour, Anne M. Pre-attentive mechanisms in dyslexia. 1988.

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40

Clark, Kelsey L., Behrad Noudoost, Robert J. Schafer, and Tirin Moore. Neuronal Mechanisms of Attentional Control. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.010.

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Covert spatial attention prioritizes the processing of stimuli at a given peripheral location, away from the direction of gaze, and selectively enhances visual discrimination, speed of processing, contrast sensitivity, and spatial resolution at the attended location. While correlates of this type of attention, which are believed to underlie perceptual benefits, have been found in a variety of visual cortical areas, more recent observations suggest that these effects may originate from frontal and parietal areas. Evidence for a causal role in attention is especially robust for the Frontal Eye Field, an oculomotor area within the prefrontal cortex. FEF firing rates have been shown to reflect the location of voluntarily deployed covert attention in a variety of tasks, and these changes in firing rate precede those observed in extrastriate cortex. In addition, manipulation of FEF activity—whether via electrical microstimulation, pharmacologically, or operant conditioning—can produce attention-like effects on behaviour and can modulate neural signals within posterior visual areas. We review this evidence and discuss the role of the FEF in visual spatial attention.

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41

Gottlieb, Jacqueline. Neuronal Mechanisms of Attentional Control. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.033.

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Damage to the human inferior parietal lobe produces an attentional disturbance known as contralateral neglect, and neurophysiological studies in monkeys have begun to unravel the cellular basis of this function. Converging evidence suggests that LIP encodes a sparse topographic map of the visual world that highlights attention-worthy objects or locations. LIP cells may facilitate sensory attentional modulations, and ultimately the transient improvement in perceptual thresholds that is the behavioural signature of visual attention. In addition, LIP projects to oculomotor centres where it can prime the production of a rapid eye movement (saccade). Importantly, LIP cells can select visual targets without triggering saccades, showing that they implement an internal (covert) form of selection that can be flexibly linked with action by virtue of additional, independent mechanisms. The target selection response in LIP is modulated by bottom-up factors and by multiple task-related factors. These modulations are likely to arise through learning and may reflect a multitude of computations through which the brain decides when and to what to attend.

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42

Seymour, Anne M. Pre-attentive mechanisms in dyslexia. 1988.

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43

Miller, Earl K., and Timothy J. Buschman. Neural Mechanisms for the Executive Control of Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.017.

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The prefrontal cortex is a source of internal control of attention as it captures three important components of an executive controller. First, it provides top-down selection of neural representations through descending projections, This top-down input may act by increasing the synchrony of local neural populations, enhancing their connectivity, and boosting the transmission of information. Second, intelligent top-down control of behaviour requires integrating diverse information. Neural representations in prefrontal cortex capture this breadth of information: representing anything from the specific contents of working memory to abstract categories and rules. Third, through reciprocal connections with the basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex neurons are ideally situated to learn the ‘rules’ of behaviour that allow us to know what to attend to in a given situation. These connections may support an iterative, bootstrapping, process that allows for increasingly complex rules to be learned. The prefrontal cortex acts as a generalized executive controller, acting through mechanisms such as attention, to guide thoughts and behaviour.

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44

Attention Deficit Disorder: Practical Coping Mechanisms, Second Edition. 2nd ed. Informa Healthcare, 2006.

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45

Kam, Julia W. Y., and Todd C. Handy. Electrophysiological Evidence for Attentional Decoupling during Mind-Wandering. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.13.

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The tendency to disengage from the immediate environment and to wander off to another time and place is a unique characteristic of the human mind. While much research has focused on the neural origins of such mind-wandering experience, less understood is the mechanism by which the mind facilitates task-unrelated thoughts. This chapter presents electrophysiological evidence demonstrating a widespread attenuation of numerous cognitive responses to external events during mind-wandering, suggesting that this transient modulation of the depth of the cognitive investment in external events may be one potential mechanism in which the mind facilitates these task-unrelated thoughts. The chapter also highlights the utility of resting-state and intracranial EEG as valuable methodology in illuminating the neural mechanisms underlying these internally directed mental experiences.

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46

Cohen, Marlene R., and John H. R. Maunsell. Neuronal Mechanisms of Spatial Attention in Visual Cerebral Cortex. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.007.

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Attention is associated with improved performance on perceptual tasks and changes in the way that neurons in the visual system respond to sensory stimuli. While we now have a greater understanding of the way different behavioural and stimulus conditions modulate the responses of neurons in different cortical areas, it has proven difficult to identify the neuronal mechanisms responsible for these changes and establish a strong link between attention-related modulation of sensory responses and changes in perception. Recent conceptual and technological advances have enabled progress and hold promise for the future. This chapter focuses on newly established links between attention-related modulation of visual responses and bottom-up sensory processing, how attention relates to interactions between neurons, insights from simultaneous recordings from groups of cells, and how this knowledge might lead to greater understanding of the link between the effects of attention on sensory neurons and perception.

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47

Saalmann, Yuri B., and Sabine Kastner. Neural Mechanisms of Spatial Attention in the Visual Thalamus. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.013.

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Neural mechanisms of selective attention route behaviourally relevant information through brain networks for detailed processing. These attention mechanisms are classically viewed as being solely implemented in the cortex, relegating the thalamus to a passive relay of sensory information. However, this passive view of the thalamus is being revised in light of recent studies supporting an important role for the thalamus in selective attention. Evidence suggests that the first-order thalamic nucleus, the lateral geniculate nucleus, regulates the visual information transmitted from the retina to visual cortex, while the higher-order thalamic nucleus, the pulvinar, regulates information transmission between visual cortical areas, according to attentional demands. This chapter discusses how modulation of thalamic responses, switching the response mode of thalamic neurons, and changes in neural synchrony across thalamo-cortical networks contribute to selective attention.

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48

Molecular and biophysical mechanisms of arousal, alertness, and attention. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008.

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49

Jolicoeur, Pierre, Julio Martinez-Trujillo, and Christine Lefebvre. Mechanisms of Sensory Working Memory: Attention and Perfomance XXV. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2015.

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50

Jolicoeur, Pierre, Julio Martinez-Trujillo, and Christine Lefebvre. Mechanisms of Sensory Working Memory: Attention and Perfomance XXV. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2016.

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