Статті в журналах: "Mechanism impact model"

1

Taleb, Mona Abou. "CSR Monetary Accounting Impact Mechanism: A Conceptual Model." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 6, no. 2 (December 10, 2016): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v6i2.11002.

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Companies adopt non-comprehensive accounting approaches to optimise their decision-making and reporting using mainly quantitative CSR impacts with less emphasis on monetising qualitative descriptive and physical impacts, despite those aspects being of significant concern to stakeholders. Thus, the study is motivated by the need for current sustainability accounting practice to develop a model that incorporates a full range of CSR-decision drivers; financial, environmental, social in addition to involving corporate governance drivers for the first time in the literature into decision-making and accounting systems to develop a comprehensive monetary accounting mechanism. Based on the theoretical and conceptual analyses, the CSR monetary accounting impact mechanism model is developed to provide sustainable accounting practices with comprehensive monetary measurement for stakeholders and organisations.

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2

Huang, Y., S. Wu, M. K. Dubey, and N. H. F. French. "Impact of aging mechanism on model simulated carbonaceous aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 11 (November 9, 2012): 28993–9023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-28993-2012.

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Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosols that include organic carbon and black carbon, have significant implications for both climate and air quality. In the current global climate or chemical transport models, a simplified hydrophobic to hydrophilic conversion lifetime for carbonaceous aerosol (τ) is generally assumed, which is usually around 1 day. Based on results from recent chamber studies, we implemented a new detailed aging mechanism for carbonaceous aerosols in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) where τ is affected by local conditions such as O3 concentration and humidity. The simulated τ exhibits large spatial and temporal variation with the global average calculated to be 4.3 days. The longest τ (up to 40 days for the Amazon forests) are found in the tropical areas, reflecting the low ozone concentration and high humidity there. The conversion lifetime generally decreases with altitude due to increases in ozone concentration and decreases in water vapor concentration. The updated aging mechanism has significant implications for model simulations of carbonaceous aerosols and improves the comparison to observations of carbonaceous aerosols. The strongest effects are found for the tropical regions and upper troposphere where the model simulated concentrations of black carbon and organic carbon increase by up to 0.16 μg C m−3 and 0.67 μg C m−3, respectively. This updated aging mechanism also leads to increases in model calculated global burden of black carbon and organic carbon by 31% and 17%, respectively. In addition, sensitivity studies show that the estimated continental outflow of carbonaceous aerosols would significantly increase with the updated aging mechanism.

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3

Huang, Y., S. Wu, M. K. Dubey, and N. H. F. French. "Impact of aging mechanism on model simulated carbonaceous aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 13 (July 4, 2013): 6329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6329-2013.

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Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosols including organic carbon and black carbon have significant implications for both climate and air quality. In the current global climate or chemical transport models, a fixed hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic conversion lifetime for carbonaceous aerosol (τ) is generally assumed, which is usually around one day. We have implemented a new detailed aging scheme for carbonaceous aerosols in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to account for both the chemical oxidation and the physical condensation-coagulation effects, where τ is affected by local atmospheric environment including atmospheric concentrations of water vapor, ozone, hydroxyl radical and sulfuric acid. The updated τ exhibits large spatial and temporal variations with the global average (up to 11 km altitude) calculated to be 2.6 days. The chemical aging effects are found to be strongest over the tropical regions driven by the low ozone concentrations and high humidity there. The τ resulted from chemical aging generally decreases with altitude due to increases in ozone concentration and decreases in humidity. The condensation-coagulation effects are found to be most important for the high-latitude areas, in particular the polar regions, where the τ values are calculated to be up to 15 days. When both the chemical aging and condensation-coagulation effects are considered, the total atmospheric burdens and global average lifetimes of BC, black carbon, (OC, organic carbon) are calculated to increase by 9% (3%) compared to the control simulation, with considerable enhancements of BC and OC concentrations in the Southern Hemisphere. Model evaluations against data from multiple datasets show that the updated aging scheme improves model simulations of carbonaceous aerosols for some regions, especially for the remote areas in the Northern Hemisphere. The improvement helps explain the persistent low model bias for carbonaceous aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere reported in literature. Further model sensitivity simulations focusing on the continental outflow of carbonaceous aerosols demonstrate that previous studies using the old aging scheme could have significantly underestimated the intercontinental transport of carbonaceous aerosols.

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4

Zhang, Xiang, Yi Yong Huang, Wei Han, and Xiao Qian Chen. "Design of Docking Probe Based on Dynamics Model of Flexible Beam Impact." Applied Mechanics and Materials 120 (October 2011): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.120.371.

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The issue considered in this paper is a flexible beam based on space probe-cone docking mechanism, which aims to buffer impact effects replacing buffering mechanism. The theoretical model of docking impact dynamics based on flexible beam is built according to the Lagrange Analytical Mechanics theory. The shape of docking probe is optimized by using genetic algorithm.

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5

Nie, Guang Hua, Shuai Zhang, and Xue Fang Du. "Dynamics Simulation Analysis of Impact Mechanism in Impact Vibration Roller." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.336.

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the paper adopts dynamic simulation software ADAMS for establishing virtual prototype model, and dynamics simulation analysis study is conducted on the impact mechanism in order to better study the impact mechanism in impact vibration composite roller with round idler wheels. The kinematics features and dynamics features are studied. The theoretical curves of rail disk opening size and driving angular velocity is obtained. The rail disk structure is improved, and it is proved through software simulation that the improved mechanism is beneficial for improving the impact efficiency of the roller.

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6

Dong, Xiangwei, Zengliang Li, Qi Zhang, Wei Zeng, and G. R. Liu. "Analysis of surface-erosion mechanism due to impacts of freely rotating angular particles using smoothed particle hydrodynamics erosion model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 231, no. 12 (March 29, 2017): 1537–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117700750.

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The free rotation of an angular particle during its impact on ductile surfaces is an important factor that influences the erosion mechanism. However, the phenomenon cannot be easily revealed experimentally because the incident conditions cannot be accurately controlled. In this study, a novel erosion model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics method is proposed to simulate single and multiple impacts of particles with specified angularities on a ductile surface. The model can simulate a particle having free rotation during the impact process and initial rotation prior to the impact. The results show that the impact angle and initial orientation significantly affect the tumbling behavior, which determines the erosion mechanism. Moreover, the initial rotation is investigated by assigning an initial angular velocity to the particle at the onset of impact. The proposed smoothed particle hydrodynamics erosion model is proven to be a promising complementary method that supports experimental techniques. This study provides insight for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of surface erosion due to angular particles.

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7

Zhengwei, Ma, Jing Lele, and Jiang Lianbo. "Development and Validation of an Occupant Biomechanical Model for the Aortic Injury Analysis under Side Impacts." MATEC Web of Conferences 256 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925601001.

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Traumatic rupture of the aorta (TRA) is one of the leading causes of death in side impacts. However, the injury mechanism of TRA is still not clear now. In this study, an occupant biomechanical model for the aortic injury study was presented. The anatomical structures and mechanical characteristics of the thoracic organs, especially the cardiac aortic system, were replicated as precise as possible. Through model validations against the Post Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS) tests, good agreements were achieved between them in terms of the aortic strain, stress and deflection responses and injury distributions. Moreover, it was found that the injury mechanisms of the aorta under pure left side impact and oblique left side impact were different. In pure left side impact, the peri-isthmic region and descending aorta presented higher risks of TRA. In oblique left side impact, the TRA risk in aortic boot was higher than in other regions. The biomechanical model presented in this study could be of use to both the injury mechanism study of TRA as well as the design of occupants’ safety countermeasures involving aortic injuries in side impacts.

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8

Fang, Yuan, Yahong Fan, Dehong Yu, Jing Shen, Wankun Jiang, and Degui Yu. "Impact of farmers’ benefits linking stability on cloud farm platform of company to farmer model." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 9 (September 26, 2020): 424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/68/2020-agricecon.

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China has formed a new C2F (company-to-farmer) model of internet and agriculture. How to build a sustainable linkage of the C2F platform is important for promoting agricultural industrialization. Based on the cognition theory and internet thinking, we characterized the linkage mechanism and stability framework of the C2F regarding default proportion, benefits fairness and benefits gap. Using the logistic regression method, we constructed the impact effect model of benefit links stability based on the farmers’ characteristics, platform cognition and social environment. We found that in the C2F, optimizing farmers’ age structure (17.93%, impact effect), increasing farmers’ income level (16.79%), as well as improving farmers’ education level (14.33%), policy support (11.35%), platform service quantity (9.82%), market volatility (9.11%), platform transaction transparency (9.07%), farmers’ risk tolerance (7.93%), and platform technical guidance effect (3.67%) had a significant impact on reducing default proportion (28.13%) and benefits gap (36.55%), thus heightening benefits fairness (35.32%). The research suggested, we should promote the sustainability of C2F by improving the farmers’ digital ability and platform function, developing innovative linkage mechanisms between companies and farmers, strengthening government guidance, and protecting the policy environment.

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9

Hu, Ming, Miao Miao Zhang, Wen Hua Chen, Yong Ping Jin, Guo Ming Xu, Ping Qian, and Jun Pan. "Deploying Impact Dynamics Simulation on Deployable Mechanism of Folding Wing with Clearance." Advanced Materials Research 211-212 (February 2011): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.211-212.895.

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Based on the non-linear equivalent spring-damper model in the "two-state model", Impact model with hinge clearance for deployable mechanism of folding wing is set up and deploying dynamics on deployable mechanism of folding wing is simulated including impact force variation caused by the size of clearance and the clearance friction by using ADAMS software. The results show that the random continuous impact force is produced by the influence of clearance; as dimensions of the clearance increase, impact times decrease and amplitudes of impact forces are increased; System energy consumption is speeded up and to some extent times of impacts with clearance and disturbance effects of deployable mechanism is suppressed by friction in the whole deployable process.

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10

Dayal, Akash, Manish Shrivastava, Rajiv Upadhyaya, and Lakhbir Singh Brar. "Numerical Combustion Evaluation of Select Detailed Chemistry Mechanisms for Their Impact on Compression Ignition Diesel Engine Performance Prediction." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2670.

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The study focuses on the selection of detailed chemistry model for numerical combustion of compression ignition diesel engine. Three different established chemical reaction mechanisms of different chemistry resolution are considered to predict the macro performance characteristics. The numerical computation is performed on turbocharged 5.67L 130PS commercial vehicle diesel engine. The three chemical reactions mechanisms are used for engine performance prediction analysis viz. PSM Mechanism (having 121 species and 593 reactions), ERC Mech reaction mechanism model (having 61 species with 235 reactions) and Chalmers’ reaction mechanism model (having 42 species with 168 reactions) for analyses. The surrogate diesel fuel n-heptane is used in the combustion analysis. By making use of the three-chemistry model, conclusive results indicate significant differences in the computational runtime without much loss in the accuracy of the performance characteristics (expressed as the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)).

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11

Siyi, Liu, Qian Zhang, Julie Jie Wen, and Clem Tisdell. "The Impact Mechanism of Pro-Environmental Behaviours." Advances in Social Science and Culture 4, no. 3 (August 15, 2022): p61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/assc.v4n3p61.

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Based on the theory of relationship quality, the research constructed the impact mechanism model of pro-environmental behaviours by applying tourist’s perceived value as the antecedent variable, while relationship quality (satisfaction and loyalty) was treated as the mediators, and place attachment as a moderator. Surveys were conducted at the Daweishan National Forest Park in Hunan Province, China, with 674 valid questionnaires collected. The empirical results provided evidence that the direct effect of perceived value of tourists on tourists’ pro-environmental behaviours is significantly positive, and the indirect effect of relationship quality (satisfaction and loyalty) between perceived value of tourists. Recommendations and strategies for further research and implementing tourist stratification management are suggested.

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12

Jiang, Qingfang, and James D. Doyle. "The Impact of Moisture on Mountain Waves during T-REX." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 11 (November 1, 2009): 3888–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr2985.1.

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Abstract The impact of moist processes on mountain waves over Sierra Nevada Mountain Range is investigated in this study. Aircraft measurements over Owens Valley obtained during the Terrain-induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) indicate that mountain waves were generally weaker when the relative humidity maximum near the mountaintop level was above 70%. Four moist cases with a RH maximum near the mountaintop level greater than 90% have been further examined using a mesoscale model and a linear wave model. Two competing mechanisms governing the influence of moisture on mountain waves have been identified. The first mechanism involves low-level moisture that enhances flow–terrain interaction by reducing windward flow blocking. In the second mechanism, the moist airflow tends to damp mountain waves through destratifying the airflow and reducing the buoyancy frequency. The second mechanism dominates in the presence of a deep moist layer in the lower to middle troposphere, and the wave amplitude is significantly reduced associated with a smaller moist buoyancy frequency. With a shallow moist layer and strong low-level flow, the two mechanisms can become comparable in magnitude and largely offset each other.

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13

Tian, Wen Yuan, Ping Liu, and Guang Qi Cai. "Research on Impact Mechanism of Hydraulic Rock Drill." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.313.

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This paper introduces the working principle of the impact mechanism which is belonging to the double-chamber scavenge oil hydraulic rock drill. On the basis of some fundamental hypothesis, a mathematical model of hydraulic impact mechanism is established, then carrying out a dynamic simulation. Focusing on the influence of supply pressure, supply flow and precharge pressure on the working performance of impact mechanism, some research is implemented, and some regularity conclusions are obtained.

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14

Sarwar, Golam, Deborah Luecken, Greg Yarwood, Gary Z. Whitten, and William P. L. Carter. "Impact of an Updated Carbon Bond Mechanism on Predictions from the CMAQ Modeling System: Preliminary Assessment." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1393.1.

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Abstract An updated and expanded version of the Carbon Bond mechanism (CB05) has been incorporated into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system to more accurately simulate wintertime, pristine, and high-altitude situations. The CB05 mechanism has nearly 2 times the number of reactions relative to the previous version of the Carbon Bond mechanism (CB-IV). While the expansions do provide more detailed treatment of urban areas, most of the new reactions involve biogenics, toxics, and species potentially important to particulate formation and acid deposition. Model simulations were performed using the CB05 and the CB-IV mechanisms for the winter and summer of 2001. For winter with the CB05 mechanism, ozone, aerosol nitrate, and aerosol sulfate concentrations were within 1% of the results obtained with the CB-IV mechanism. Organic carbon concentrations were within 2% of the results obtained with the CB-IV mechanism. However, formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations were lower by 25% and 32%, respectively, during winter with the CB05 mechanism. For the summer, ozone concentrations increased by 8% with the CB05 mechanism relative to the CB-IV mechanism. The aerosol sulfate, aerosol nitrate, and organic carbon concentrations with the CB05 mechanism decreased by 8%, 2%, and 10%, respectively. The formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations with the CB05 mechanism were lower by 12% and 47%, respectively, during summer. Model performance with the CB05 mechanism improved at high-altitude conditions and in rural areas for ozone. Model performance also improved for organic carbon with the CB05 mechanism.

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15

Mathews, Jose. "Psychological Mechanism of the Media Influence." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (November 12, 2004): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.5.3.

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Media has a highly influential purpose in our lives. In all spheres of our lives media makes its impact knowingly or unknowingly. The psychological mechanism underlying the process of influence is an interesting area of investigation. A general model of influence which specifies the exact nature of activation of cognitive and emotional systems is suggested. Further elaboration of the model and instances of the impact of media are part of the paper.

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16

Mao, Jian, Yu Fu, and Peichao Li. "Dynamics of Periodic Impulsive Collision in Escapement Mechanism." Shock and Vibration 20, no. 5 (2013): 1001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/350429.

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Among various non-smooth dynamic systems, the periodically forced oscillation system with impact is perhaps the most common in engineering applications. The dynamical study becomes complicated due to the impact. This paper presents a systematic study on the periodically forced oscillation system with impact. A simplified model of the escapement mechanism is introduced. Impulsive differential equation and Poincare map are applied to describe the model and study the stability of the system. Numerical examples are given and the results show that the model is highly accurate in describing/predicting their dynamics.

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17

Saito, Satoshi, Yusuke Kurosawa, Tatsuya Yamada, Keisuke Yamamoto, Yasuhiro Shindo, Kazuo Kato, and Mitsunori Kubo. "20910 Basic Study on Brain Injury Mechanism using 3-D Impact Model." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2010.16 (2010): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2010.16.305.

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18

Aartsen, M. W. "MODEL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 6 (January 29, 2011): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v6.45.

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The problem to be investigated is the structural strength of a sluice gate under the influence of wave attack. The gate was designed in view of the hydraulic forces in quasi permanent conditions The fact, however, that the gate is exposed to wave attack, necessitates an investigation of: 1) the transient forces due to impact, 2) the possibilities of modificating the shape of the gate in order to avoid, or at least to diminish, the chance on the occurrence of impacts. As the mechanism of wave attack is influenced by the hydrodynamic properties of the oncoming waves, the tests are being carried out in a flume in which the waves are generated by wind in order to simulate the expected extreme natural conditions as close as possible.

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19

Li, Zhao, and Xiangzhao Xu. "Theoretical Investigation on Failure Behavior of Ogive-Nose Projectile Subjected to Impact Loading." Materials 13, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 5372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235372.

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Experimental and theoretical investigations on the failure behaviors of projectile during high-speed impact into concrete slabs were performed in this study. The ogive-nose projectiles after impact experiments were recovered and their microstructures were observed by scanning electron microscope and metallographic microscope. Mass abrasion and nose blunting are the typical failure models of steel projectile. Furthermore, thermal melting and cutting are the two main failure mechanisms. Based on the microscopic experimental results, a theoretical model of ogive-nose projectile subjected to impact loading considering the melting and cutting mechanisms was proposed. A modified cap model is introduced for describing the failure behavior of concrete targets, and then the dynamic cavity expansion theory is used to determine the resistance of projectiles during penetration. Besides, combining with the two-dimensional heat conduction equation and abrasive wear theory, the two main abrasion mechanisms of melting and cutting are included in the proposed model, which breaks through the framework of previous abrasion models with single abrasion mechanism. The predicted results of the present abrasion model are in good agreement with the experimental data, which indicates that the proposed model can effectively predict the failure behavior and penetration performance parameters of high-speed projectiles during penetration into concrete targets, such as mass loss, nose blunting, and depth of penetration.

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20

Wu, Ying. "Research and Simulation of Working Mechanism of Small Shaper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 127 (October 2011): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.127.202.

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For being convenient for researching the dynamic characteristic and the improvement and use of small shaper, for improving the dynamic technical performance, the three-dimensional solid model of working mechanism was established with ADAMS. Each part of the model in ADAMS was set up. Simulation analysis on the working process of working mechanism was achieved. The structure optimization parameters of working mechanism were obtained. The result proves that the lengths of crank and rocker are almost no impact on the fluctuation range of ram speed. The location of revolute joint between rocker and frame has less impact on the return speed and acceleration of ram. The location of revolute joint between crank and slider impacts greater on the fluctuation range of ram speed.

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21

Song, Sheng Zhi, Shu Song Sheng, and Jian Jun Wei. "Mechanism Analysis of Impact Performance for Tubular K-Joint under Lateral Impact Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.149.

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Tubular structure can be damaged severely by collision accident. To study the failure mechanism of tubular joint under lateral impact force, typical tubular K-joint is selected as basic theoretical analysis model and it is simulated by nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS. On the base of numerical analysis, the development law of deformation and stress is clarified, and the failure mode of tubular K-joint is analyzed in the course of impacting.

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22

Archibald, A. T., M. C. Cooke, S. R. Utembe, D. E. Shallcross, R. G. Derwent, and M. E. Jenkin. "Impacts of mechanistic changes on HO<sub>x</sub> formation and recycling in the oxidation of isoprene." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 5863–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-5863-2010.

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Abstract. Recently reported model-measurement discrepancies for the concentrations of the HOx radical species (OH and HO2) in locations characterized by high emission rates of isoprene have indicated possible deficiencies in the representation of OH recycling and formation in isoprene mechanisms currently employed in numerical models; particularly at low levels of NOx. Using version 3.1 of the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.1) as a base mechanism, the sensitivity of the system to a number of detailed mechanistic changes is examined for a wide range of NOx levels, using a simple box model. These studies place emphasis on processes for which experimental or theoretical evidence has been reported in the peer-reviewed literature, in addition to examining the impact of an intrinsic simplification in the MCM v3.1 chemistry. Although all the considered mechanistic changes lead to simulated increases in the concentrations of OH at low NOx levels, the greatest impact is achieved by implementation of a recently postulated mechanism involving isomerisation of the δ-hydroxyalkenyl peroxy radical isomers, formed from the sequential addition of OH and O2 to isoprene. In conjunction with necessary rapid photolysis of the resultant hydroperoxyaldehyde products, this mechanism yields approximately a factor of three increase in the simulated OH concentration at low NOx, and is the only considered mechanism which achieves enhancements which approach those necessary to explain the reported model-measurement discrepancies. Combination of all the considered mechanistic changes has an effect which is approximately additive, yielding an overall enhancement of about a factor of 3.2 in the simulated OH concentration at the lowest NOx input rate considered, with the simulated mean NOx mixing ratios at this input rate being 42 ppt and 29 ppt with the base case and modified mechanisms respectively. A parameterized representation of the mechanistic changes is optimized and implemented into a reduced variant of the Common Representative Intermediates mechanism (CRI v2-R5), for use in the STOCHEM global chemistry-transport model. The impacts of the modified chemistry in the global model are shown to be consistent with those observed in the box model sensitivity studies, and the results are illustrated and discussed with a particular focus on the tropical forested regions of the Amazon and Borneo where unexpectedly elevated concentrations of OH have recently been reported.

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Ha, Jih-Lian, Rong-Fong Fung, Chang-Fu Han, and Jer-Rong Chang. "Effects of Frictional Models on the Dynamic Response of the Impact Drive Mechanism." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 128, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2128641.

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This paper first introduces the effects of various frictional models on the dynamic behaviors of a simple mechanical system with frictional forces, which are described by the Leuven model combined with the Bouc-Wen model of the hysteresis. The frictional model allows accurate dynamic modeling both in the sliding and the presliding regimes without using switching functions. Secondly, these analytic results are applied to the precise positioning impact drive mechanism (IDM) and make the frictional actions more accurate. The hysteresis effect is also considered in the piezoelectric force of the IDM. It is shown that the hysteresis frictional force has critical influence on the final position of the micro- and nanometer positioning.

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Yin, Shuo, Zhe Chai, Xing Chen, Meng Yang, Yao Lu, and Kyle Georgiou. "Research on Energy Storage Cost Model in Distributed Energy System Environment." E3S Web of Conferences 329 (2021): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132901026.

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With the "dual carbon" goal proposed and the direction of building a new power system dominated by new energy sources clarified, the energy storage industry has entered the fast lane of accelerated development. However, due to the imperfect marketization mechanism and the lack of effective power market ancillary service policies, it is difficult to 00EFfectively recover the cost of energy storage construction, which restricts the development of the energy storage industry to a certain extent. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the development trend and cost recovery mechanism of typical types of energy storage under the distributed energy system, and clarify the impact of the operating cost of the electrochemical energy storage system. This paper systematically analyses the domestic and foreign energy storage investment channelling mechanisms, clarifies the impact of energy storage cost system operation on costs, and helps the development of the energy storage industry.

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Lima, João Cardim Ferreira, Ana Lúcia Vitale Torkomian, Susana Carla Farias Pereira, Pedro Carlos Oprime, and Luciana Harumi Hashiba. "Socioeconomic Impacts of University–Industry Collaborations–A Systematic Review and Conceptual Model." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020137.

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University–industry collaborations create socioeconomic impacts for the areas where they are undertaken. Although these collaborations have recognized importance and a high potential to generate economic and social benefits, there is no consensus in the literature on a consolidated conceptual model for assessing their socioeconomic impacts. Given this scenario, this study reviews 94 studies on the socioeconomic impact of university–industry collaborations using a context–intervention–mechanism–outcomes configuration. The impacts identified in the systematic literature review are classified into: (1) economic, (2) social, and (3) financial. The systematic literature review also indicates that the impact of collaborations can change the context and enhance the mechanisms of technology transfer. From a theoretical viewpoint, this work contributes to the structuring of a conceptual model for assessing the socioeconomic impacts of university–industry collaborations. In addition, the results have contributions for management in each strand of the triple helix: they may be useful to guide universities and companies on how to assess the socioeconomic impacts of each collaboration, direct public agents in the evaluation of results of investments, and support the development of policies for innovation and technology management.

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Gudzuks, Gustavs, and Sarma Cakula. "Modelling Support Mechanism Impact on Electric Vehicle Registration in Latvia." Economics and Business 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2019-0009.

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Abstract Globalization has led to an increased anthropological impact on the climate, and transport is one of the most greenhouse gas (GHG) intensive sectors that is facilitating it. Transport generated around 14 percent of global GHG emissions in 2010. Transport decarbonization is vital for limiting climate change, and electric vehicle (EV) is one of the solutions. EV prevalence in Latvia after Climate Financial Instrument (CCFI) funding has steadily increased and the average yearly EV growth has remained at 0.09 percent among newly registered light-duty passenger vehicles. The aim of this research is to model the impact of different direct and indirect support mechanisms on EV growth in Latvia taking into account the costs of the given support mechanisms. Accordingly, theoretical literature and research on vehicle decarbonization, EV support mechanisms, and barriers were analyzed. In order to obtain the data related to individual attitude towards EVs and their support policies a survey of different age groups was conducted. Based on the theoretical literature, a model was devised using STELLA software. The model was verified and validated. The results of the model indicate that until 2030 direct subsidies of at least 45 percent will have the largest impact on EV registration, while decreasing VAT by at least 9 percent is the most cost-effective option. The results regarding indirect support mechanisms show that free charging and development of charging infrastructure, as well as improvements to EV related technologies would increase EV registration. However, to ensure sustainable support to EVs it is advisable to combine direct incentives with indirect support mechanisms. Combining different policies lowers incentive costs and increases their efficiency.

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Song, Meng Meng, Yang Lin, Shun Gen Xiao, Li Xia Huang, Chen Hui Qiu, and Xiao Li Zhu. "Topology Optimization and Analysis of Impact Test Platform Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 893 (July 2019): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.893.78.

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In this paper, the cold launch test platform is taken as the research object, theoptimization model of this test platform is established by using topology optimization method. First,the topology optimization goal of the structure is determined, and then the constraints are carriedout. Finally, optimized and non-optimized areas are identified, and the result is processed. Afteroptimization, the quality of the test platform was reduced by 2.9 tons under the conditions of use.

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Zhao, Hanyi, Yixiang Tian, Xiangyun Zhou, Luping Zhang, and Wei Meng. "Rating Regulatory Mechanism Effect Promotion under the Environmental Issuance Effects: Based on the Incentive Difference Hotelling Model." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 5368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105368.

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Issuance effects are regarded as one of the most important aspects referring to the regulatory guidelines of green corporate bond ratings. This paper developed a new incentive difference Hotelling model, considering four major factors, i.e., the direct effect of issuance, the indirect effect of issuance, the reputation of rating agencies and the regulatory penalties. In this model, how the direct effect and the indirect effect impact the dual rating mechanism and the integrated rating mechanism was discussed. Numerical experiments were conducted to explore the regulatory effects on the two defined mechanisms in different situations. The results demonstrate that under each mechanism, the direct and indirect effects of issuance indirectly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of regulation by increasing the environmental benefit information content in the rating information, and the indirect effect has a greater impact. Moreover, it provides specific recommendations for the design of a regulatory regime.

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Xiong, Gang, Shu-Ning Zhang, and Hui-Chang Zhao. "The Impact Mechanism of Fractal Noise on PN Code Detection System." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 13, no. 02 (June 2014): 1450017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477514500175.

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Taking the pseudo-random phase modulated CW radar for example, this paper studies the impact mechanism of a class of non-stationary fractal noise on PN code detection system, especially signal mixing and matching filter. The cross correlation function, power spectrum function and average power of pseudo-random signal and fractal noise are deduced, compared with the impact of white noise on the pseudo code detection system. We analyze the impact mechanism of three kinds of sea clutter model, namely fractal Brownian model (FBM), the multifractal (MF) model and the non-stationary random fractal model (e.g., infinitely divisible cascades, IDC), on the pseudo-random code detection system, and demonstrate the reason why the multi-scale filtering method in wavelet domain and the MF methods fail to eliminate the effect of sea clutter. Based on the natural sea clutter data, we simulate and analyze the influence of white noise and fractal noise comparatively on detection system, which indicates that the effect of fractal noise cannot be inhibited effectively by the traditional correlation detection and MF analysis, and finally we put forward possible solutions.

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30

Weng, Zhicheng, and Pinliang Luo. "The Impact of Guarantees on Peer-to-Peer Lending Platform: Evolutionary Game Analysis and Empirical Evidence from China." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 7 (October 10, 2021): 2708–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16070149.

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The peer-to-peer lending market has developed rapidly over the past decade and reveals a severe problem of information asymmetry. This research constructed a four-party evolutionary game model to analyze the influence pathway of the guarantee mechanism on the users’ participation of the peer-to-peer lending platform and conducted an empirical study applying the mediating effect model and simultaneous equation model based on data of China’s peer-to-peer lending platform. The theoretical model shows that the guarantee mechanism reduced the participation of borrowers of the peer-to-peer lending platform through a screening effect, but increased the participation of investors through a signal effect. In the case of the platform self-guarantee, there existed a self-screening effect, whose influence on the participation of investors depended on the strength of external constraints imposed on the platform enterprises. Further, the empirical study shows that during the sample period, the platform self-guarantee mechanism reduced the scale of borrowers and investors of the peer-to-peer lending platform at the same time, thus reducing the transaction volume of the platform. Although the third-party guarantee mechanism reduced the scale of borrowers, it increased the scale of investors, and the comprehensive effect was to increase the transaction volume of the platform. On this basis, this research puts forward suggestions such as strengthening the qualification examination of the platform enterprises, transforming the platform self-guarantee mechanism into the third-party guarantee mechanism, and introducing more signal mechanisms.

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31

HAN, W., Y. Y. HUANG, and X. Q. CHEN. "IMPACT DYNAMICS STUDY OF SOFT CONE BASED ON SPACE PROBE-CONE DOCKING MECHANISM." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 46, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2016.321.

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In this paper, a soft cone composed of the thin-walled plates as a buffer system based on space probe-cone docking mechanism for the medium and small-sized spacecraft in the process of docking is presented. The theoretical model of docking impact dynamics is derived according to Lagrange Analytical Mechanics theory and Hertz contact theory. Runge-Kutta numerical method is used to solve this theoretical model. Results of the theoretical model show a good agreement with the experimental and ANSYS/LS-DYNA simulation results. In addition, the influence of soft cone parameters on impact process is discussed based on theoretical model systemically. It is shown that the soft cone can help to greatly reduce the maximal impact force and absorb lots of impact energy through deformation in the linear elastic range. Keywords   ,, ,

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32

Zhu, Di, Yinghong Wang, Shangui Peng, and Fenglin Zhang. "Influence Mechanism of Polycentric Spatial Structure on Urban Land Use Efficiency: A Moderated Mediation Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 16478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416478.

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Under the background of green development, the spatial structure of urban agglomerations (UA) has an important impact on urban land use efficiency (ULUE), but few studies have explored the impact mechanism between the two. This research explores the impacts of polycentric development on ULUE of UA, using data for 140 cities in China’s top ten key UA covering the period from 2004–2019. The linkage between polycentric development and ULUE is explored by estimating models of determinants of ULUE. This research also examines the mechanism of the polycentric spatial structure of UA on ULUE by using a moderated mediation model. The main findings of the research can be concluded as below. The eastern UAs show a mostly polycentric spatial structure, whereas the central and western UAs show a weak polycentric spatial structure. The polycentric spatial structure of UA has a positive impact on ULUE. An inverted U-shape curve depicts the relationship between the polycentric spatial structure of UA and ULUE. However, the mediating variables, integration of industrial structure and factor mobility have a positive and partially mediating effect between the polycentric spatial structure of UA and ULUE. The infrastructure level has a positive U-shaped regulation effect, in which the impact coefficient of transport infrastructure is more significant. These findings provide empirical evidence for the coordinated development of China’s regional space planning and ULUE.

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Zhang, Meng, Karl Garme, Magnus Burman, and Li Zhou. "A Numerical Ice Load Prediction Model Based on Ice-Hull Collision Mechanism." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 19, 2020): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020692.

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A simplified numerical model is introduced to predict ice impact force acting on the ship hull in level ice condition. The model is based on ice-hull collision mechanisms and the essential ice breaking characteristics. The two critical ice failure modes, localized crushing and bending breaking, are addressed. An energy method is used to estimate the crushing force and the indentation displacement for different geometry schemes of ice-ship interaction. Ice bending breaking scenario is taken as a semi-infinite plate under a distributed load resting on an elastic foundation. An integrated complete ice-hull impact event is introduced with ice failure modes and breaking patterns. Impact location randomness and number of broken ice wedges are considered in order to establish a stochastic model. The analysis is validated by comparison with the model ice test of a shuttle passenger ferry performed in May 2017 for SSPA Sweden AB at Aker Arctic Technology Inc. Good agreement is achieved with appropriate parameter selection assumed from the model test and when ice bending failure is dominant. This model can be used to predict the ice impact load and creates a bridge between design parameters (ice properties and ship geometry) and structure loads.

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34

Chen, Shouyan, Mingyan Zhang, Xiaofen Yang, Zhijia Zhao, Tao Zou, and Xinqi Sun. "The Impact of Attention Mechanisms on Speech Emotion Recognition." Sensors 21, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 7530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21227530.

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Speech emotion recognition (SER) plays an important role in real-time applications of human-machine interaction. The Attention Mechanism is widely used to improve the performance of SER. However, the applicable rules of attention mechanism are not deeply discussed. This paper discussed the difference between Global-Attention and Self-Attention and explored their applicable rules to SER classification construction. The experimental results show that the Global-Attention can improve the accuracy of the sequential model, while the Self-Attention can improve the accuracy of the parallel model when conducting the model with the CNN and the LSTM. With this knowledge, a classifier (CNN-LSTM×2+Global-Attention model) for SER is proposed. The experiments result show that it could achieve an accuracy of 85.427% on the EMO-DB dataset.

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35

Meng, Dejian, Lijun Zhang, Xiaotian Xu, Yousef Sardahi, and Gang S. Chen. "Sensing and Quantifying a New Mechanism for Vehicle Brake Creep Groan." Shock and Vibration 2019 (February 26, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1843205.

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This paper investigates the creep groan of a vehicle’s brake experimentally, analytically, and numerically. Experimentally, the effects of acceleration on caliper and strut, noise, brake pressure, and tension are measured. The results show that the measured signals and their relevant spectra broadly capture the complex vibrations of creep groan. This includes the simple stick-slip, severe stick-slip vibrations/resonances, multiple harmonics, half-order harmonics; stick-slip-induced impulsive vibrations, steady/unstable vibrations, and their transitions. Analytically, a new mathematical model is presented to capture the unique features of half-order harmonics and the connections to fundamental stick-slip/resonant frequency and multiple harmonics. The analytical solution and the experimental results show that the vibro-impact of the brake pad-disc system can be triggered by severe stick-slip vibrations and is associated with instable, impulsive stick-slip vibration with wideband. The induced stick-slip vibro-impact can evolve into a steady and strong state with half-order, stick-slip fundamental, and multiple-order components. This new mechanism is different from all previously proposed mechanisms of creep groan in that we also view some type of creep groan as a stick-slip vibration-induced vibro-impact phenomenon in addition to conventional stick-slip phenomena. The new mechanism comprehensively explains the complex experimental phenomena reported in the literature. Numerically, the salient features of phase diagrams of instable stick-slip and vibro-impact are examined by using a seven-degree-of-freedom brake system model, which shows that the phase diagrams of the dynamics of creep groan with and without vibro-impact are substantially different. The phase diagram of the dynamics with vibro-impact is closer to the experimental results. In contrast to existing mechanisms, the proposed new mechanism encompasses the instable stick-slip nature of creep groan and elaborates the inherent connections and transition of the spectrogram. The new knowledge can be used to attain critical improvements to brake noise and vibration analysis and design. By applying the proposed new model in addition to existing models, all experimental phenomena in creep groan are elaborated and quantified.

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36

Upadhyaya, Gopal S. "Samsonov’s Model for Electronic Mechanism of Sintering and its Relevance." Materials Science Forum 624 (June 2009): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.624.57.

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In the present review a generalized view of sintering mechanism on the basis of the electronic nature of the chemical species involved has been highlighted. The stable electronic configuration model proposed by G.V.Samsonov is one of the models. In spite of the fact that the model is qualitative, its far reaching impact in explaining liquid phase sintering and activated sintering of real systems can not be minimized. In a way the model holds a premium in its predictive nature , which is so crucial not only in sintering processing, but also in alloy design based on metallic or ceramic systems or composites constituted out of these.

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37

Spauwen, Janneke, and Jim Van Os. "The psychosis proneness: psychosis persistence model as an explanation for the association between urbanicity and psychosis." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 15, no. 4 (December 2006): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00002128.

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AbstractGiven the relatively high attributable risks associated with urbanicity it is crucially important to learn more on how this exposure impacts on population risk for schizophrenia. Further elucidation of the environmental influences that currently go under the name of “urbanicity” therefore is a crucial step in unravelling the etiology of schizophrenia. In order to make the step from association to cause, a plausible mechanism detailing the pathway from impact of exposure to onset of psychotic symptoms is needed. This paper outlines possible avenues and clues to the identification of possible mechanisms and pathways. The focus is on mechanisms of gene-environment interaction in the context of both functional genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic variation.

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38

Bao, Guocheng, Gongpu Wang, Bing Wang, Lianglong Hu, Xiaowei Xu, Haiyang Shen, and Longlong Ji. "Study on the drop impact characteristics and impact damage mechanism of sweet potato tubers during harvest." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 24, 2021): e0255856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255856.

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Collision of falling in the mechanical harvesting process of sweet potato is one of the main causes of epidermal destruction and damage to sweet potato tubers. Therefore, a sweet potato mechanical characteristic test and a full-factor sweet potato drop test were designed. Based on the analysis of the fitting mathematical model, the impact of the drop height, collision material and sweet potato chunk size on the damage of the sweet potato were studied. The mathematical models were established by fitting analysis of the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software between the drop height and the sweet potato chunk size with each test index (impact force, impact stress, broken skin area and damaged area). The critical epidermal destruction height and the critical damage height of a certain size of sweet potato when it collides with a collision material can be calculated by the mathematical model, and the critical epidermal destruction mass and critical damage mass of sweet potato when it falls from a certain height and collides with a collision material can also be calculated. Then a series of critical values (including critical epidermal destruction force value, critical epidermal destruction impact stress, critical damage force value, critical damage impact stress) of mechanical properties of sweet potato were obtained. The results show that the impact deformation of sweet potato includes both elastic and plastic ones, and has similar stress relaxation characteristics. The critical damage impact stress of sweet potato is that the average value of the impact stress on the contact surface is less than it’s Firmness. The results provided a theoretical basis for understanding the collision damage mechanism of sweet potato and how to reduce the damage during harvest.

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39

Su, Jiafu, Chi Li, Qingjun Zeng, Jiaquan Yang, and Jie Zhang. "A Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain Coordination Mechanism Based on Third-Party Recycling." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 5335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195335.

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Taking an environment-friendly green closed-loop supply chain as the research object, this work established a two-stage closed-loop supply chain game model. Considering the influence of the environmental protection input on the whole supply chain, there are different decisions among the participants in the supply chain, and the different choices will have impacts on the benefits of the whole supply chain when manufacturers select a closed-loop supply chain model of third-party recycling. Hence, this work compared and analyzed the impact of centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making on the returns and pricing strategies of each participant. Finally, an optimized cooperative mechanism decision model considering a cost profit sharing contract was further designed. The model is conducive to obtaining the maximum profit value in centralized decision-making and avoids the negative impact of a “double marginal effect” on supply chain income in decentralized decision-making, and finally, improves the overall coordination and profit of a green closed-loop supply chain. The numerical examples are conducted to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed models. This work provides a helpful decision support and guidance for enterprises and the government on the used products recycling decisions to better manage the green closed-loop supply chain.

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40

Ma, Zhen, and Yanping Ma. "Long-Term Mechanism and Fitness Impact of Rural Sports Precision Poverty Alleviation Based on Improved Decision Tree." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 17, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4570754.

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In the process of the development of sports resources, the first step is to strengthen mechanism construction, including the government and the market “- poor areas” tripartite coordination mechanism, the development of sports resource development policy supervision mechanism, sports resource development precision poverty alleviation mechanism, legal protection mechanism, and accountability mechanism. The establishment of the fitness model recommendation model is realized. The fitness pattern recommendation model itself is a multibranch decision tree model. Therefore, as long as it is a variety of fitness methods, according to different classification, in the fitness database to add the corresponding classification, this is helpful to build a multibranch decision tree model.

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41

Barichievy, Chris, Res Altwegg, Dave Balfour, Rob Brett, Chris Gordon, Dominic A. W. Henry, Glen Jeffries, Cedric Khayale, Horris Wanyama, and Oliver Withers. "A demographic model to support an impact financing mechanism for black rhino metapopulations." Biological Conservation 257 (May 2021): 109073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109073.

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42

Zhang, Fulai, Zhiwu Zhu, Tiantian Fu, and Jinxuan Jia. "Damage mechanism and dynamic constitutive model of frozen soil under uniaxial impact loading." Mechanics of Materials 140 (January 2020): 103217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2019.103217.

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43

Lyu, Zheng‐Qiang, Yuan‐Yuan Li, Ya‐Lan Wang, Ting Chen, Yan Zhang, and Chong‐Bin Guo. "Transverse impact responses and failure mechanism of 3D braided composites by mesostructure model." Polymer Composites 41, no. 4 (April 2020): 1203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.25446.

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44

Dang, Zhongkai, Lixiang Li, Haipeng Peng, and Jiaxuan Zhang. "Impact of Sudden Global Events on Cross-Field Research Cooperation." Information 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12010026.

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Since the outbreak of COVID-19, in addition to the continuous increment in the number of infected patients, the number of COVID-19-related papers has also increased significantly. According to the statistics, its number even exceeds the research of some research fields over many years. Similar to COVID-19, the related research on COVID-19 also seems highly infectious. What causes this situation? By crawling the data of COVID-19-related papers from web of Sciences this year, we found that there are three mechanisms to promote the rapid growth of the number of COVID-19 papers: incentive mechanism, cross-field collaboration mechanism, and potential impact mechanism of writing papers. To understand the impact of COVID-19 on cross-domain paper network further, we proposed a new construction method of multi-field paper association structure network based on COVID-19. The paper association mechanism and the wall breaking principle between multiple research fields were found through the experiments. Then, combined with the constructed network, we gave the knowledge dissemination model of the new discoveries in multiple fields and obtained some relevant new findings.

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45

Dang, Zhongkai, Lixiang Li, Haipeng Peng, and Jiaxuan Zhang. "Impact of Sudden Global Events on Cross-Field Research Cooperation." Information 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12010026.

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Анотація:

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, in addition to the continuous increment in the number of infected patients, the number of COVID-19-related papers has also increased significantly. According to the statistics, its number even exceeds the research of some research fields over many years. Similar to COVID-19, the related research on COVID-19 also seems highly infectious. What causes this situation? By crawling the data of COVID-19-related papers from web of Sciences this year, we found that there are three mechanisms to promote the rapid growth of the number of COVID-19 papers: incentive mechanism, cross-field collaboration mechanism, and potential impact mechanism of writing papers. To understand the impact of COVID-19 on cross-domain paper network further, we proposed a new construction method of multi-field paper association structure network based on COVID-19. The paper association mechanism and the wall breaking principle between multiple research fields were found through the experiments. Then, combined with the constructed network, we gave the knowledge dissemination model of the new discoveries in multiple fields and obtained some relevant new findings.

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46

Kim, Y., K. Sartelet, and C. Seigneur. "Formation of secondary aerosols: impact of the gas-phase chemical mechanism." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2010): 20625–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-20625-2010.

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Abstract. The impact of two recent gas-phase chemical kinetic mechanisms (CB05 and RACM2) on the formation of secondary inorganic and organic aerosols is compared for simulations of PM2.5 over Europe between 15 July and 15 August 2001. The host chemistry transport model is Polair3D of the Polyphemus air-quality platform. Particulate matter is modeled with SIREAM, which is coupled to the thermodynamic model ISORROPIA and to the secondary organic aerosol module MAEC. Model performance is satisfactory with both mechanisms for speciated PM2.5. The monthly-mean difference of the concentration of PM2.5 is less than 1 μg/m3 (6%) over the entire domain. Secondary chemical components of PM2.5 include sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and organic aerosols, and the chemical composition of PM2.5 is not significantly different between the two mechanisms. Monthly-mean concentrations of inorganic aerosol are higher with RACM2 than with CB05 (+16% for sulfate, +11% for nitrate, and +12% for ammonium), whereas the concentrations of organic aerosols are slightly higher with CB05 than with RACM2 (+26% for anthropogenic SOA and +1% for biogenic SOA). Differences in the inorganic and organic aerosols result primarily from differences in oxidant concentrations (OH, O3 and NO3). Nitrate formation tends to be HNO3-limited over land and differences in the concentrations of nitrate are due to differences in concentration of HNO3. Differences in aerosols formed from aromatics SVOC are due to different aromatics oxidation between CB05 and RACM2. The aromatics oxidation in CB05 leads to more cresol formation, which then leads to more SOA. Differences in the aromatics aerosols would be significantly reduced with the recent CB05-TU mechanism for toluene oxidation. Differences in the biogenic aerosols are due to different oxidant concentrations (monoterpenes) and different particulate organic mass concentrations affecting the gas-particle partitioning of SOA (isoprene).

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47

Liao, Mengjie, Lin Qi, and Jian Zhang. "The Dynamic Evolution Mechanism of Heterogeneous OWOM—An Improved Viral Marketing Model." Information 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11030140.

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The negative impact of brand negative online word-of-mouth (OWOM) on social images in social media is far greater than the promotion of positive OWOM. Thus, how to optimize brand image by improving the positive OWOM effect and slowing the negative OWOM communication has turned into an urgent problem for brand enterprises. On this basis, we analyze the evolution process of the OWOM communication group of the social media brand network based on the SOR (stimulus-organism-response) theory of psychology. Through constructing the heterogeneous brand OWOM communication dynamic model and conducting the multi-agent-based simulation experiment, the dynamic visualization of brand OWOM communication effect combined the thinking model of viral marketing is realized. Experiments show that the ability of brand communicators to persuade has a direct impact on the persistence and breadth of brand communication. When the acceptance of the consumer market is high, the negative OWOM of the brand has a relatively huge impact on consumers.

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48

Song, Sheng Zhi, and Jian Jun Wei. "Failure Mechanism Analysis of Tubular X-Joint under Lateral Impact Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.45.

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To study the failure mechanism of tubular X-joint under lateral impact force, the nonlinear finite element method is adopted to simulate theoretical analysis model of tubular X-joint. Before analysis, the precision of finite element analysis (FEA) model is verified based on experimental data firstly. On the base of analyzing mechanism for tubular X-joint under lateral impact loading, the development law of deformation and stress is clarified, and energy transform pattern and the varying rules of impact force-deformation curve is analyzed.

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49

Sarwar, G., K. W. Appel, A. G. Carlton, R. Mathur, K. Schere, R. Zhang, and M. A. Majeed. "Impact of a new condensed toluene mechanism on air quality model predictions in the US." Geoscientific Model Development 4, no. 1 (March 14, 2011): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-183-2011.

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Abstract. A new condensed toluene mechanism is incorporated into the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling system. Model simulations are performed using the CB05 chemical mechanism containing the existing (base) and the new toluene mechanism for the western and eastern US for a summer month. With current estimates of tropospheric emission burden, the new toluene mechanism increases monthly mean daily maximum 8-h ozone by 1.0–3.0 ppbv in Los Angeles, Portland, Seattle, Chicago, Cleveland, northeastern US, and Detroit compared to that with the base toluene chemistry. It reduces model mean bias for ozone at elevated observed ozone concentrations. While the new mechanism increases predicted ozone, it does not enhance ozone production efficiency. A sensitivity study suggests that it can further enhance ozone if elevated toluene emissions are present. While it increases in-cloud secondary organic aerosol substantially, its impact on total fine particle mass concentration is small.

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50

Sarwar, G., K. W. Appel, A. G. Carlton, R. Mathur, K. Schere, R. Zhang, and M. A. Majeed. "Impact of a new condensed toluene mechanism on air quality model predictions in the US." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 3, no. 4 (December 6, 2010): 2291–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-3-2291-2010.

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Анотація:

Abstract. A new condensed toluene mechanism is incorporated into the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling system. Model simulations are performed using the CB05 chemical mechanism containing the existing (base) and the new toluene mechanism for the western and eastern US for a summer month. With current estimates of tropospheric emission burden, the new toluene mechanism increases monthly mean daily maximum 8-h ozone by 1.0–3.0 ppbv in Los Angeles, Portland, Seattle, Chicago, Cleveland, northeastern US, and Detroit compared to that with the base toluene chemistry. It reduces model mean bias for ozone at elevated observed ozone mixing ratios. While the new mechanism increases predicted ozone, it does not enhance ozone production efficiency. Sensitivity study suggests that it can further enhance ozone if elevated toluene emissions are present. While changes in total fine particulate mass are small, predictions of in-cloud SOA increase substantially.

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