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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Mechanism impact model"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Mechanism impact model"

Taleb, Mona Abou. "CSR Monetary Accounting Impact Mechanism: A Conceptual Model." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 6, no. 2 (December 10, 2016): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v6i2.11002.

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Companies adopt non-comprehensive accounting approaches to optimise their decision-making and reporting using mainly quantitative CSR impacts with less emphasis on monetising qualitative descriptive and physical impacts, despite those aspects being of significant concern to stakeholders. Thus, the study is motivated by the need for current sustainability accounting practice to develop a model that incorporates a full range of CSR-decision drivers; financial, environmental, social in addition to involving corporate governance drivers for the first time in the literature into decision-making and accounting systems to develop a comprehensive monetary accounting mechanism. Based on the theoretical and conceptual analyses, the CSR monetary accounting impact mechanism model is developed to provide sustainable accounting practices with comprehensive monetary measurement for stakeholders and organisations.

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Huang, Y., S. Wu, M. K. Dubey, and N. H. F. French. "Impact of aging mechanism on model simulated carbonaceous aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 11 (November 9, 2012): 28993–9023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-28993-2012.

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Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosols that include organic carbon and black carbon, have significant implications for both climate and air quality. In the current global climate or chemical transport models, a simplified hydrophobic to hydrophilic conversion lifetime for carbonaceous aerosol (τ) is generally assumed, which is usually around 1 day. Based on results from recent chamber studies, we implemented a new detailed aging mechanism for carbonaceous aerosols in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) where τ is affected by local conditions such as O3 concentration and humidity. The simulated τ exhibits large spatial and temporal variation with the global average calculated to be 4.3 days. The longest τ (up to 40 days for the Amazon forests) are found in the tropical areas, reflecting the low ozone concentration and high humidity there. The conversion lifetime generally decreases with altitude due to increases in ozone concentration and decreases in water vapor concentration. The updated aging mechanism has significant implications for model simulations of carbonaceous aerosols and improves the comparison to observations of carbonaceous aerosols. The strongest effects are found for the tropical regions and upper troposphere where the model simulated concentrations of black carbon and organic carbon increase by up to 0.16 μg C m−3 and 0.67 μg C m−3, respectively. This updated aging mechanism also leads to increases in model calculated global burden of black carbon and organic carbon by 31% and 17%, respectively. In addition, sensitivity studies show that the estimated continental outflow of carbonaceous aerosols would significantly increase with the updated aging mechanism.

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Huang, Y., S. Wu, M. K. Dubey, and N. H. F. French. "Impact of aging mechanism on model simulated carbonaceous aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 13 (July 4, 2013): 6329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6329-2013.

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Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosols including organic carbon and black carbon have significant implications for both climate and air quality. In the current global climate or chemical transport models, a fixed hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic conversion lifetime for carbonaceous aerosol (τ) is generally assumed, which is usually around one day. We have implemented a new detailed aging scheme for carbonaceous aerosols in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to account for both the chemical oxidation and the physical condensation-coagulation effects, where τ is affected by local atmospheric environment including atmospheric concentrations of water vapor, ozone, hydroxyl radical and sulfuric acid. The updated τ exhibits large spatial and temporal variations with the global average (up to 11 km altitude) calculated to be 2.6 days. The chemical aging effects are found to be strongest over the tropical regions driven by the low ozone concentrations and high humidity there. The τ resulted from chemical aging generally decreases with altitude due to increases in ozone concentration and decreases in humidity. The condensation-coagulation effects are found to be most important for the high-latitude areas, in particular the polar regions, where the τ values are calculated to be up to 15 days. When both the chemical aging and condensation-coagulation effects are considered, the total atmospheric burdens and global average lifetimes of BC, black carbon, (OC, organic carbon) are calculated to increase by 9% (3%) compared to the control simulation, with considerable enhancements of BC and OC concentrations in the Southern Hemisphere. Model evaluations against data from multiple datasets show that the updated aging scheme improves model simulations of carbonaceous aerosols for some regions, especially for the remote areas in the Northern Hemisphere. The improvement helps explain the persistent low model bias for carbonaceous aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere reported in literature. Further model sensitivity simulations focusing on the continental outflow of carbonaceous aerosols demonstrate that previous studies using the old aging scheme could have significantly underestimated the intercontinental transport of carbonaceous aerosols.

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Zhang, Xiang, Yi Yong Huang, Wei Han, and Xiao Qian Chen. "Design of Docking Probe Based on Dynamics Model of Flexible Beam Impact." Applied Mechanics and Materials 120 (October 2011): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.120.371.

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The issue considered in this paper is a flexible beam based on space probe-cone docking mechanism, which aims to buffer impact effects replacing buffering mechanism. The theoretical model of docking impact dynamics based on flexible beam is built according to the Lagrange Analytical Mechanics theory. The shape of docking probe is optimized by using genetic algorithm.

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Nie, Guang Hua, Shuai Zhang, and Xue Fang Du. "Dynamics Simulation Analysis of Impact Mechanism in Impact Vibration Roller." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.336.

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the paper adopts dynamic simulation software ADAMS for establishing virtual prototype model, and dynamics simulation analysis study is conducted on the impact mechanism in order to better study the impact mechanism in impact vibration composite roller with round idler wheels. The kinematics features and dynamics features are studied. The theoretical curves of rail disk opening size and driving angular velocity is obtained. The rail disk structure is improved, and it is proved through software simulation that the improved mechanism is beneficial for improving the impact efficiency of the roller.

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Dong, Xiangwei, Zengliang Li, Qi Zhang, Wei Zeng, and G. R. Liu. "Analysis of surface-erosion mechanism due to impacts of freely rotating angular particles using smoothed particle hydrodynamics erosion model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 231, no. 12 (March 29, 2017): 1537–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117700750.

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The free rotation of an angular particle during its impact on ductile surfaces is an important factor that influences the erosion mechanism. However, the phenomenon cannot be easily revealed experimentally because the incident conditions cannot be accurately controlled. In this study, a novel erosion model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics method is proposed to simulate single and multiple impacts of particles with specified angularities on a ductile surface. The model can simulate a particle having free rotation during the impact process and initial rotation prior to the impact. The results show that the impact angle and initial orientation significantly affect the tumbling behavior, which determines the erosion mechanism. Moreover, the initial rotation is investigated by assigning an initial angular velocity to the particle at the onset of impact. The proposed smoothed particle hydrodynamics erosion model is proven to be a promising complementary method that supports experimental techniques. This study provides insight for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of surface erosion due to angular particles.

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Zhengwei, Ma, Jing Lele, and Jiang Lianbo. "Development and Validation of an Occupant Biomechanical Model for the Aortic Injury Analysis under Side Impacts." MATEC Web of Conferences 256 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925601001.

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Traumatic rupture of the aorta (TRA) is one of the leading causes of death in side impacts. However, the injury mechanism of TRA is still not clear now. In this study, an occupant biomechanical model for the aortic injury study was presented. The anatomical structures and mechanical characteristics of the thoracic organs, especially the cardiac aortic system, were replicated as precise as possible. Through model validations against the Post Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS) tests, good agreements were achieved between them in terms of the aortic strain, stress and deflection responses and injury distributions. Moreover, it was found that the injury mechanisms of the aorta under pure left side impact and oblique left side impact were different. In pure left side impact, the peri-isthmic region and descending aorta presented higher risks of TRA. In oblique left side impact, the TRA risk in aortic boot was higher than in other regions. The biomechanical model presented in this study could be of use to both the injury mechanism study of TRA as well as the design of occupants’ safety countermeasures involving aortic injuries in side impacts.

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Fang, Yuan, Yahong Fan, Dehong Yu, Jing Shen, Wankun Jiang, and Degui Yu. "Impact of farmers’ benefits linking stability on cloud farm platform of company to farmer model." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 9 (September 26, 2020): 424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/68/2020-agricecon.

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China has formed a new C2F (company-to-farmer) model of internet and agriculture. How to build a sustainable linkage of the C2F platform is important for promoting agricultural industrialization. Based on the cognition theory and internet thinking, we characterized the linkage mechanism and stability framework of the C2F regarding default proportion, benefits fairness and benefits gap. Using the logistic regression method, we constructed the impact effect model of benefit links stability based on the farmers’ characteristics, platform cognition and social environment. We found that in the C2F, optimizing farmers’ age structure (17.93%, impact effect), increasing farmers’ income level (16.79%), as well as improving farmers’ education level (14.33%), policy support (11.35%), platform service quantity (9.82%), market volatility (9.11%), platform transaction transparency (9.07%), farmers’ risk tolerance (7.93%), and platform technical guidance effect (3.67%) had a significant impact on reducing default proportion (28.13%) and benefits gap (36.55%), thus heightening benefits fairness (35.32%). The research suggested, we should promote the sustainability of C2F by improving the farmers’ digital ability and platform function, developing innovative linkage mechanisms between companies and farmers, strengthening government guidance, and protecting the policy environment.

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Hu, Ming, Miao Miao Zhang, Wen Hua Chen, Yong Ping Jin, Guo Ming Xu, Ping Qian, and Jun Pan. "Deploying Impact Dynamics Simulation on Deployable Mechanism of Folding Wing with Clearance." Advanced Materials Research 211-212 (February 2011): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.211-212.895.

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Based on the non-linear equivalent spring-damper model in the "two-state model", Impact model with hinge clearance for deployable mechanism of folding wing is set up and deploying dynamics on deployable mechanism of folding wing is simulated including impact force variation caused by the size of clearance and the clearance friction by using ADAMS software. The results show that the random continuous impact force is produced by the influence of clearance; as dimensions of the clearance increase, impact times decrease and amplitudes of impact forces are increased; System energy consumption is speeded up and to some extent times of impacts with clearance and disturbance effects of deployable mechanism is suppressed by friction in the whole deployable process.

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Dayal, Akash, Manish Shrivastava, Rajiv Upadhyaya, and Lakhbir Singh Brar. "Numerical Combustion Evaluation of Select Detailed Chemistry Mechanisms for Their Impact on Compression Ignition Diesel Engine Performance Prediction." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2670.

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The study focuses on the selection of detailed chemistry model for numerical combustion of compression ignition diesel engine. Three different established chemical reaction mechanisms of different chemistry resolution are considered to predict the macro performance characteristics. The numerical computation is performed on turbocharged 5.67L 130PS commercial vehicle diesel engine. The three chemical reactions mechanisms are used for engine performance prediction analysis viz. PSM Mechanism (having 121 species and 593 reactions), ERC Mech reaction mechanism model (having 61 species with 235 reactions) and Chalmers’ reaction mechanism model (having 42 species with 168 reactions) for analyses. The surrogate diesel fuel n-heptane is used in the combustion analysis. By making use of the three-chemistry model, conclusive results indicate significant differences in the computational runtime without much loss in the accuracy of the performance characteristics (expressed as the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)).

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Mechanism impact model"

Valacchi, Giulia. "An intertemporal pricing model for CO2 allowances: The impact of the clean development mechanism." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11603.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
The increasing global attention to greenhouse emissions and the recent creation of EU Emission Trading Scheme has clearly suggested the need of consistent methods to value projects aimed to reduce gases. This need particularly concerns companies that have to find a way to both remain profitable and conform to new legal requirements. Multiple ways of cutting emission costs are available nowadays: short term abatement measures, which primary involve switching production machinery from coal to gas; long term abatement measures, which envisage the implementation of new types of projects .e.g Clean Development Mechanism or Joint Implementation Mechanism suggested by Kyoto Protocol -. In this work we study the impact of the introduction of both kinds of policy in a pricing model for CO2 allowances.

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Vignotto, Davide. "Analysis of the in-Flight Performance of a Critical Space Mechanism." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/323575.

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Gravitational waves detection is a challenging scientific objective, faced by scientist in the last 100 years, when Einstein theorized their existence. Despite multiple attempts, it was only in 2016 that the first observation of a gravitational wave was officially announced. The observation, worth a Nobel Prize, was made possible thanks to a worldwide collaboration of three large ground-based detectors. When detecting gravitational waves from ground, the noisy environment limits the frequency bandwidth of the measurement. Thus, the type of cosmic events that are observable is also limited. For this reason, scientists are developing the first gravitational waves detector based in space, which is a much quieter environment, especially in the sub-Hertz bandwidth. The space-based detector is named laser interferometer space antenna (LISA) and its launch is planned for 2034. Due to the extreme complexity of the mission, involving several new technologies, a demonstrator of LISA was launched and operated between 2015 and 2017. The demonstrator mission, called LISA Pathfinder (LPF), had the objective to show the feasibility of the gravitational waves observation directly from space, by characterizing the noise affecting the relative acceleration of two free falling bodies in the milli-Hertz bandwidth. The mission was a success, proving the expected noise level is well below the minimum requirement. The free-falling bodies of LPF, called test masses (TMs), were hosted inside dedicated electrode housings (EH), located approximately 30 cm apart inside the spacecraft. When free falling, each TM stays approximately in the center of the EH, thus having milli-meter wide gaps within the housing walls. Due to the presence of such large gaps, the TMs were mechanically constrained by dedicated mechanisms (named CVM and GPRM) in order to avoid damaging the payload during the launch phase and were released into free fall once the spacecraft was in orbit. Prior to the start of the science phase, the injection procedure of the TMs into free-fall was started. Such a procedure brought each TM from being mechanically constrained to a state where it was electro-statically controlled in the center of the EH. Surprisingly, the mechanical separation of the release mechanism from the TM caused unexpected residual velocities, which were not controllable by the electrostatic control force responsible for capturing the TM once released. Therefore, both the TMs collided with either the surrounding housing walls or the release mechanism end effectors. It was possible to start the science phase by manually controlling the release mechanism adopting non-nominal injection strategies, which should not be applicable in LISA, due to the larger time lag. So, since any release mechanism malfunctioning may preclude the initialization of LISA science phase, the GPRM was extensively tested at the end of LPF, by means of a dedicated campaign of releases, involving several modifications to the nominal injection procedure. The data of the extended campaign are analyzed in this work and the main conclusion is that no optimal automated release strategy is found for the GPRM flight model as-built configuration that works reliably for both the TMs producing a nominal injection procedure. The analysis of the in-flight data is difficult since the gravitational referencesensor of LPF is not designed for such type of analysis. In particular, the low sampling frequency (i.e., 10 Hz) constitutes a limiting factor when detecting instantaneous events such as collisions of the TM. Despite the difficulties of extracting useful information on the TM residual velocity from the in-flight data, it is found that the main cause of the uncontrollable state of the released TM is the collision of the TM with the plunger, i.e., one of the end-effectors of the GPRM. It is shown that the impact is caused by the oscillation of the plunger or by the elastic relaxation of the initial preload force that holds the TM. At the end of the analysis, some improvements to the design of the release mechanism are brie y discussed, aimed at maximizing the probability of performing a successful injection procedure for the six TMs that will be used as sensing bodies in the LISA experiment.

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Griffiths, Genevieve S. "Investigating the impact and mechanism of vesicular and non-vesicular mediated GPI-linked protein transfer from reproductive luminal fluids to sperm, using SPAM1 as a model." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 119 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397900391&sid=22&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Maire, du Poset Aline. "Hydrogels de polygalacturonate réticulés par les ions Fe2+ : impact du mode d'association local sur les mécanismes de gélification, contrôle de la structure multi-échelle et des propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK029/document.

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Ce travail de thèse décrit la formulation d'hydrogels de polygalacturonate (polyGal) réticulés par les cations Fe2+, ainsi que leur caractérisation expérimentale depuis les échelles moléculaires jusqu'aux échelles macroscopiques, en utilisant notamment la spectroscopie d'absorption X (EXAFS), la diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles (DNPA) ainsi que des mesures de rhéologie. Nous avons élaboré un protocole de gélification robuste permettant d'obtenir des gels cylindriques reproductibles qui présentent des gradients de concentrations contrôlés depuis leur partie basale jusqu'à leur partie apicale. Le rapport R = [Fe]/[Gal] a une valeur constante de 0,25 tout au long du gel, ce qui prouve que les cations Fe2+ s'associent avec 4 unités galacturonate. La confrontation des résultats d’EXAFS et de dynamique moléculaire a démontré que ces associations se font via le modèle ''egg-box''. Les mécanismes de réticulation qui contrôlent la structure du réseau formée par les chaînes aux échelles locales sont donc les mêmes dans l'ensemble du gel, ce qui est confirmé par les mesures de DNPA. La formation des gradients de concentration macroscopiques provient des mécanismes de diffusion des cations à travers le gel lors de sa formation. Ces gradients de concentration contrôlent les propriétés mécaniques des gels. En outre, nous avons prouvé que le mode d'association "egg-box" permettait la protection des ions Fe2+ contre l'oxydation, ce qui confère à ces hydrogels un potentiel applicatif pour soigner l'anémie car ils pourraient permettre la vectorisation du fer sous cette forme réduite biodisponible jusqu’à l’intestin.Nous avons étendu notre étude à la formulation d'hydrogels avec d'autres cations (Ca2+ et Zn2+). Ces hydrogels présentent des propriétés macroscopiques proches de celles des hydrogels Fe2+-polyGal car les mécanismes de diffusion des cations régissant la formation des gradients macroscopiques lors de la formation des gels sont similaires. Les hydrogels présentent cependant des structures locales différentes car les modes d'associations locaux varient d"un cation à l’autre. L’ensemble de ces résultats nous a permis de proposer un mécanisme généralisé permettant de décrire les mécanismes de formation d"hydrogels de polygalacturonate pour les cations divalents, et ainsi de moduler finement leur structure sur plusieurs échelles. Ces hydrogels pourraient donc être des outils de choix pour la vectorisation de molécules actives et le contrôle de leur relargage
This pHD thesis describes the design of polygalacturonate hydrogels (polyGal) cross-linked by the Fe2+ cations, and their experimental characterization from the molecular scales up to the macroscopic scales, by combining EXAFS spectroscopy, Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and rheological measurements. We designed a robust gelling protocol that allowed to obtain reproducible cylindrical gels with controlled concentration gradients from the lower side to the upper side of the gel. The ratio [Fe]/[Gal] has a constant value all along the gel, which demonstrate that the Fe2+ cations are associated with 4 galacturonate units. The comparison of EXAFS measurements and molecular dynamics simulation has shown that these associations followed the "egg-box" model. The crosslinking mechanisms that control the structure of the network made by the chains at local scale is therefore the same throughout the whole gel, which is confirmed by SANS measurements. The formation of the macroscopic concentration gradients comes from the mechanisms that drive the cations diffusion through the gel during the gelation process. These gradients control the gels mechanical properties. Besides, we proved that the “egg-box" association enables to protect Fe2+ against oxidation, which gives to these hydrogels an applicative potential to cure anemia as they could allow to target iron under its bioavailable form up to the gut.We have extended the study to the design of hydrogels with other cations (Ca2+ et Zn2+). The macroscopic properties of these hydrogels are very close to that of the Fe2+-polyGal hydrogels because the cation diffusion that govern the formation of macroscopic gradients during the gelationg process are similar. The hydrogels have however different local structures because the cation- polyGal local association varies from one cation to another. All these results allowed us to propose a generalized mechanism that describes the polygalacturonate hydrogels formation for divalent cations, and thus to tune their structure over several scales. These hydrogels could therefore be some promising tools for the vectorization of active molecules and the control of their release

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Gutierrez, Acebo Ester. "Impact of the topology of the zeolite structure on the mechanism and selectivity of ethylcyclohexane bifunctional isomerization : experiments, ab initio calculations and multi-scale kinetic modelling." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1240/document.

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Le paraxylène (pX), utilisé dans la fabrication de l'acide téréphtalique pour la production de nylon, est principalement produit par isomérisation de la coupe aromatique C8. Cette dernière est principalement composée des trois isomères du xylènes (para, ortho et méta) et de l'éthylbenzène (EB). L’EB est transformé en xylènes grâce à un catalyseur bifonctionnel comprenant à la fois une fonction acide comme la zéolithe EU-1 et une fonction hydro-déshydrogénante (HD/DHD) comme le platine. L’hydrogénation de l’EB conduit également à la production d’éthylcyclohexane, qui peut subir des réactions non désirées d’ouverture de cycle et de craquage sur la fonction acide du catalyseur. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons cherché à comprendre les facteurs influant sur la sélectivité du catalyseur bifonctionnel en hydroconversion de l’éthylcyclohexane (ECH), et à identifier des phases acides zéolithiques très sélectives. L’effet de paramètres tels que le ratio et la proximité entre sites acides et sites HD/DHD, la localisation des sites acides au sein du réseau zéolithique, et la topologie de ce réseau zéolithique, a été examiné. Des études catalytiques ont été mises en œuvre sur des séries de catalyseurs bifonctionnels à base de zéolithe EU-1, et interprétées à la lueur de calculs ab initio focalisés sur les mécanismes d’isomérisation et d’ouverture de cycle de l’ECH sur la phase acide EU-1. L’intégration de données thermocinétiques déterminées ab initio dans un modèle cinétique en champ moyen a permis de valider l’approche et d’identifier les étapes réactionnelles clés dictant la sélectivité. Un criblage rationnel de structures zéolithes a ensuite été proposé pour identifier les paramètres topologiques influant
The paraxylene (pX), used in the manufacture of terephtalic acid for the production of nylon, is mainly produced by isomerization of the C8 aromatic cut. The latter is mainly composed of the three xylene isomers (para, ortho and meta) and ethylbenzene (EB). EB is converted into xylenes by mean of a bifunctional catalyst comprising both an acid function, such as EU-1 zeolite, and a hydro-dehydrogenating function (HD / DHD), such as platinum. The hydrogenation of EB also leads to the production of ethylcyclohexane, which can undergo undesired ring-opening and cracking reactions on the acid function of the catalyst. In this work, we tried to understand the factors influencing the selectivity of the bifunctional catalyst in the hydroconversion of ethylcyclohexane (ECH), and to identify very selective zeolitic acid phases. The effect of parameters such as the ratio and proximity between acid and HD / DHD sites, the location of acid sites within the zeolite network, and the topology of this zeolite network, was evaluated. Catalytic studies have been carried out over bifunctional catalysts series based on the EU-1 zeolite, and interpreted considering ab initio calculations focused on the isomerization and ring-opening mechanisms of ECH on the EU-1 acid phase. The integration of thermokinetic data (determined by ab initio calculations) in a mean field kinetic model made it possible to validate the approach and to identify the key reaction steps dictating the selectivity. A rational screening of zeolite structures was then proposed to identify the influential topological parameters

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Dabke, Partha [Verfasser], Anibh Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Das, Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Löscher, and Karin [Akademischer Betreuer] Weißenborn. "Mechanism of Ketogenic Diet: Impact of Beta – Hydroxybutyrate and Decanoic Acid on Sirtuins, Energy Metabolism and Cellular Lipids in a Murine Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Model / Partha Dabke ; Anibh Martin Das, Wolfgang Löscher, Karin Weißenborn." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224883012/34.

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Modarres, Najafabadi Seyed Ali. "Dynamics modelling and analysis of impact in multibody systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115886.

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In this thesis, we discuss a novel approach to the dynamics modelling and analysis of impact in unilaterally constrained multibody systems. This approach is based on an analysis of energy absorption and restitution during impact, using a decomposition technique, which decouples the kinetic energy associated with the spaces of admissible and constrained motions of unilateral contacts. This is done based on the decomposition of the tangent space of the configuration manifold at the pre-impact instant. The decomposition of the kinetic energy can provide a picture of how the energy absorption and dissipation during impact is related to the variation of the generalized velocities and the configuration of multibody systems.
Further, based on the above analysis approach, we introduce a new interpretation of the energetic coefficient of restitution, specially applicable to contact involving multibody systems. This interpretation generalizes the concept of the energetic coefficient of restitution and allows for consideration of simultaneous multiple-point contact scenarios. Moreover, based on the concept of the generalized energetic coefficient of restitution, the contact modes and the post-impact state of planar single-point impact are determined. Further, the problem of simultaneous multiple-point impact is considered, where it is shown that our approach can also be advantageous to characterize the dynamics of interaction in such systems.
The use and applicability of the approach reported are further investigated by conducting an experimental study on a robotic testbed. The open architecture of the testbed allows us to perform various contact experiments, such as single- and multiple-point impact scenarios, with different pre-impact configurations and velocities. The kinematic and dynamic models of the system have been developed and implemented for real-time analysis. It is shown that impact between multibody systems is considerably affected by not only the local dynamics characteristics of the interacting bodies, but also the (global) configuration of the interacting multibody systems. The reported results suggest that the material presented herein offers a useful means to characterize impact in complex systems.

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Zeng, Ning. "Climatic impact of Amazon deforestation: A study of underlying mechanism through simple modeling." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186999.

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An intermediate level model for tropical climatology including atmosphere-land-ocean interaction is developed. The model contains basically linearized steady state primitive equations with simplified thermodynamics. A simple hydrological cycle is also included. Special attention has been paid to land surface processes in attempting to study climate change caused by Amazon deforestation. In comparison with previous simple modeling work on tropical climatology or anomaly, the present model is more sophisticated in the sense that it predicts all the important meteorological variables with little input, while being computationally simple. The modeled tropical climatology appears to be realistic. The model generally better simulates the ENSO anomaly compared to many previous simple model simulations. We provide analysis of model results and discuss model deficiencies and possible improvements of the model. The climatic impact of Amazon deforestation is studied in the context of this model. Model results show a much weakened Atlantic Walker/Hadley circulation as a result of the existence of a strong positive feedback loop in the atmospheric circulation system and the hydrological cycle. The regional climate is very sensitive to albedo change and sensitive to evapotranspiration change. The pure dynamical effect of surface roughness on convergence is small, but the surface flow anomaly displays intriguing features. Analysis of the thermodynamic equation reveals the balance among convective heating, adiabatic cooling and radiation largely determines the deforestation response. The model provides a plausible mechanism for the common results of many GCM simulations. Studies of the consequences of hypothetical continuous deforestation suggest that the replacement of forest by desert may be able to sustain a desert-like climate. When a simple mixed layer ocean model is coupled with the atmospheric model, the results suggest a 1 °C decrease in SST gradient across the equatorial Atlantic ocean in response to Amazon deforestation. The magnitude of the decrease depends on the coupling strength.

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Sirivolu, Dushyanth. "An Analytical Model for High-Velocity Impact of Composite Sandwich Panels." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1227548412.

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Silvestri, Chiara. "Development and validation of a knee-thigh-hip LSDYNA model of a 50th percentile male." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042908-144927/.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: active muscles, out-of-position, fracture mechanisms, impacts, KTH, dynamic ligament failure model. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 353-365).

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Книги з теми "Mechanism impact model"

Kunsemiller, John P. Seawater hydraulic rock drill impact mechanism model validation. Port Hueneme, CA: Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center, 1995.

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Nonsmooth impact mechanics: Models, dynamics, and control. London: Springer, 1996.

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Brogliato, Bernard. Nonsmooth Mechanics: Models, Dynamics and Control. London: Springer London, 1999.

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Freyman, Ekaterina, and Elena Tret'yakova. Transaction sector of the region and its impact on the economy of constituent entities of the Russian Federation: structural-functional approach. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1027398.

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In the monograph the authors substantiate the expediency of application of the structural-functional approach to the assessment of the transaction sector in the economy of the region describes its structure and functions as a subsystem of the regional economy, the model developed a methodology for assessing the impact of transaction sector for the regional economy in the context of its fields and functions, the possibility of their application to conduct inter-regional comparisons. A comparative analysis of the functioning of the transaction sector of the Perm region and regions considered as its competitors. Developed the organizational-economic mechanism of management of transaction sector of the economy of the region. The monograph is addressed to a wide circle of readers: students and teachers of universities, scientists and practical workers. The proposed technique and the mechanism of management of transaction sector of the region can be used by authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the development and adjustment strategies and programs for socio-economic development of the region, educational institutions of higher and further education in the educational process, scientific-research organizations in the development of theoretical and methodological approaches to the management of the transaction sector of the economy of a particular region.

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Eindhoven, Technische Universiteit, ed. Mathematical head-neck models for acceleration impacts: Proefschrift. [Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 1996.

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Lavy, Victor. Mechanisms and impacts of gender peer effects at school. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Lavy, Victor. Mechanisms and impacts of gender peer effects at school. Princeton, N.J: Education Research Section, Princeton University, 2007.

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Structures under crash and impact: Continuum mechanics, discretization and experimental characterization. New York: Springer, 2008.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Experimental verification of a progressive damage model for composite laminates based on continuum damage mechanics. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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DRGs and hospital impact: An organizational systems analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985.

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Частини книг з теми "Mechanism impact model"

Zetzsche, Georg. "Recent Advances on Reachability Problems for Valence Systems (Invited Talk)." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 52–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89716-1_4.

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AbstractValence systems are an abstract model of computation that consists of a finite-state control and some storage mechanism. In contrast to traditional models, the storage mechanism is not fixed, but given as a parameter. This allows us to precisely state questions like: For which storage mechanisms is the reachability problem decidable?This survey reports on recent results that aim to understand the impact of the storage mechanism on decidability and complexity of several variants of the reachability problem. The considered problems are configuration reachability, model-checking first-order logic with reachability, and reachability under bounded context switching and scope-boundedness.

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Li, Wenliang, Yoo Ri Kim, Caroline Scarles, and Anyu Liu. "Exploring the Impact of Travel Vlogs on Prospect Tourists: A SOR Based Theoretical Framework." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2022, 486–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94751-4_45.

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AbstractIn recent years, travel vlogs are prevalent on social media, they are projected as an important marketing tool to attract tourists to destinations in the post-COVID-19 era. However, the underlying mechanism of how travel vlogs affect prospective tourists’ behaviours remains unclear. To address this gap, this paper discusses the applicability of the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model to travel vlog research and proposes a SOR based theoretical framework. Moreover, this paper highlights the increasing trend of the SOR model in both e-tourism and wider tourism and hospitality research.

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Biermann, Daniel, Morten Goodwin, and Ole-Christoffer Granmo. "Knowledge Infused Representations Through Combination of Expert Knowledge and Original Input." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 3–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17030-0_1.

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AbstractSophisticated applications in natural language processing, such as conversational agents, often need to be able to generalize across a range of different tasks to generate natural-feeling language. In this paper, we introduce a model that aims to improve generalizability with regard to different tasks by combining the original input with the output of a task-specific expert. Through a combination mechanism, we create a new representation that has been enriched with the information given by the expert. These enriched representations then serve as input to a downstream model. We test three different combination mechanisms in two combination paradigms and evaluate the performance of the new enriched representation in a simple encoder-decoder model. We show that even very simple combination mechanisms are able to significantly improve performance of the downstream model. This means that the encoded expert information is transported through the new enriched input representation, leading to a beneficial impact on performance within the task domain. This opens the way for exciting future endeavors such as testing performance on different task domains and the combination of multiple experts.

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Sahm, P., F. Kirchner, and N. Moussiopoulos. "Development and Validation of the Multilayer Model MUSE - The Impact of the Chemical Reaction Mechanism on Air Quality Predictions." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XII, 379–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9128-0_39.

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Garcia, Kristen, Marcus Hock, Vikrant Jaltare, Can Uysalel, Kimberly J. McCabe, Abigail Teitgen, and Daniela Valdez-Jasso. "Investigating the Multiscale Impact of Deoxyadenosine Triphosphate (dATP) on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Induced Heart Failure." In Computational Physiology, 77–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05164-7_7.

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Abstract2-deoxy-ATP (dATP) is a myosin activator known to improve cardiac contractile force [1]. In vitro studies have shown that dATP alters the calcium transient profile in addition to the kinetics of the cross-bridge cycle [2]. Furthermore, in vivo studies of transgenic mice with increased production of dATP show elevated left ventricular systolic function [3]. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease of the pulmonary vasculature in which pressure overload in the right ventricle results in reduced contractile function and right heart failure [4]. We hypothesize that dATP may have a therapeutic effect on PAH-induced heart failure, by improving contractile function and restoring cardiac output and ejection fraction. However, because the effects of dATP cannot easily be assessed experimentally, we propose using a computational multiscale modeling approach to predict cardiac function. By altering parameters in an existing multiscale biventricular cardiac model [5], we were able to reproduce end-systolic and end-diastolic pressures and volumes that reflect the PAH condition, as well as healthy hearts. dATP was simulated by adjusting parameters in the model at the molecular and cellular levels based on experimental data [1], allowing us to predict the effects of dATP on PAH at the organ level. Our results show that the molecular effects of dATP can increase cardiac output and restore ejection fraction in PAH conditions, though at the cost of elevated mean arterial pressure, and may provide a new approach to treating this disease. Our multiscale modeling approach paves the way for further studies mapping out cardiovascular mechanics. As novel therapeutics continue to be discovered, their application and mechanism can be further explored through these computational models.

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Goel, Puneeta, Rupali Misra, Suman Lodh, Monomita Nandy, and Nandita Mishra. "B Corps in India: A Sustainable Business Model." In The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 621–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_30.

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AbstractAfter countries recognized the profound significance of assessing social and environmental performance as a prerequisite for sustainable business existence, various nongovernmental organizations as well as regulatory bodies developed measurement scales to gauge this performance. In this paper, we refer to one such assessment tool, B Impact Assessment (BIA), proposed by B Corps to benchmark the reporting framework of Indian companies for their social and environmental performance. The listed Indian companies were required to publish business responsibility reporting (BRR) which lacks generalization with other international standards.In this study, we consider BRR and propose a revised Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR) framework to make it comparable and compatible with BIA, which is acceptable worldwide. Also, we introduce measurement scores of the BRR at a granular level—taking 109 items of the existing scale and 13 items identified after benchmarking with BIA, together aggregating to maximum score of 200. In addition, to support the Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA) to analyze the completeness, accuracy, and clarity of BRR, we apply scoring mechanism to develop sections A and B of the BRSR. The universal applicability of scale and benchmarking with internationally acceptable BIA will encourage more Indian companies to adopt social responsibilities and will make the assurance of annual report simple. Moreover, the proposed scale can also be used to identify companies that are eligible for the proposed Social Security Exchange in India. We expect that the findings will contribute to the literature on social responsibility and corporate sustainability and in practice accelerate the “CSR movement” in India.

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Ahn, Jeongho, and David E. Stewart. "A Simplified Model of Impact." In Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, 309–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1154-8_33.

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Mekler, Philipp, and Jingshu Sun. "Pharma Tender Processes: Modeling Auction Outcomes." In Quantitative Models in Life Science Business, 51–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11814-2_4.

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AbstractThis chapter summarizes the overall tendering and contracting process in the pharmaceutical industry by providing an overview of the first-sealed price auction theory, auction rules, and drug pricing mechanism of different countries. Comparing procurement systems across Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America, the review casts light on various pharmaceutical bidding systems across the world and their impact on drug prices. Then, this review focuses on the empirical estimation of first-price auction models. In terms of model specification, we compare the two most commonly used empirical methods for bidding price estimation: structural models and reduced form approaches to test the auction theory. Maximum likelihood estimation is the most frequently used method for structural estimation in literature and selection bias correction is widely adopted using reduced form models. In addition to parametric model construction, we also provide an extensive introduction of non-parametric testing methodologies, including non-parametric estimation and quantile-based estimation to reduce the computation complexity and further illustrate how auction theory could be validated by real-world applications. Additional thoughts and adjustments on non-parametric testing are brought up based on a real-world tendering use case from a large multi-national pharmaceutical company.

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Xu, Jinchao, Xiaodong Wang, Long Zhu, Donghui Zhou, and Jun Zhao. "Study on Air Bubble Plume in Open Channel with CFD-PBM Coupling Model." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1261–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_110.

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AbstractAir bubble plume flow has been applied widely in the dredging, ice breaking, and pollution control at navigation projects. But the interaction regimes among bubbles or between bubbles and water are not quite clear. Especially in open channels, the bubble plume flow are significantly affected by the separation phenomenon which is caused by the cross flow velocity. According to the existing research, the interaction force of gas-liquid and the distribution of bubble size are the key parameters to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics of bubble plume flow. In order to explore the mechanism of air bubbles entrained plumes in open channels, an Eulerian-Eulerian approach for air-water flows numerical model was introduced, and the population balance model (PBM) was included to describe the distribution of bubble size. The cross flow velocity of open channels has been discussed in the proposed numerical model. It shows that the separation of bubble plume is strongly influenced by the cross flow velocity. The influence of these parameters on the movement characteristics of air bubbles is studied. The results indicate that the cross flow velocity has great impact on bubble plume as well as the lifting effectiveness of pneumatic sluicing. This research provides references for bubble plume in engineering applications.

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Adachi, Tadaharu. "Energy Absorption of Axially-Impacted Column Controlled by Transverse Impact." In Mechanics and Model-Based Control of Smart Materials and Structures, 1–10. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99484-9_1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Mechanism impact model"

Banton, Rohan, Thuvan Piehler, Nicole Zander, Richard Benjamin, Josh Duckworth, and Oren Petel. "Investigating Pressure Wave Impact on a Surrogate Head Model Using Numerical Simulation Techniques." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-113.

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Abstract There is an urgent need to understand the mechanism leading to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) resulting from blast wave impact to the head. The recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have heightened the awareness of head impact injuries to military personnel resulting from exposure to blast waves [1, 2]. A blast wave generated in air is a by-product of the detonation of an explosive [3]. To date the mechanism resulting in mTBI from primary blast insult is still unclear.

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Zhao, Xingfang, Yali Zhang, and Jun Sun. "Transboundary Cooperation of Environmental Public Welfare Organizations: An Impact Mechanism Model." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem50564.2021.9672855.

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Zhang, H. "Mechanism and Modeling of Micro-Droplet Impact, Fragmentation, and Solidification." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1495.

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Abstract New applications have been identified for thermal spraying using micro-droplets. Mechanisms of impact, fragmentation, and solidification developed for millimeter size droplets are no longer applicable for micro-droplets due to the significance of the surface tension and wall interaction. New fragmentation mechanisms and advanced numerical modeling are required to develop a better understanding of the transport phenomena for droplet spreading and solidification. In this paper, the existing fragmentation mechanisms have been reviewed, and a new mechanism is proposed. The proposed mechanism considers the effects of flow instability, wettability, surface roughness, surface chemistry, and moisture absorption. This mechanism has been incorporated into an advanced numerical model that consists of a multizone adaptive grid generation used for tracking the movement of the solidification interface and a curvilinear level-set method for capturing the movement of free surface. Impact, fragmentation, and solidification of a molybdenum micro-droplet has been simulated, and the fragmentation morphology has been predicted.

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ZHANG, CHAO, ISAIAH KAISER, and K. T. TAN. "NUMERICAL MODEL OF TUBULAR COMPOSITE SANDWICH STRUCTURES UNDER LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35809.

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This study aims to investigate the dynamic impact response of tubular composite structures with honeycomb sandwich core under transverse low-velocity impact (LVI) test. We establish a finite element analysis (FEA) model of composite sandwich structures. Simulation results are compared with experimental results to verify the correctness of the model and analysis method. This model can accurately predict the impact response and damage mechanisms of a composite sandwich structure, as validated by experimental testing, specifically capturing major failure modes. LVI experiments are conducted utilizing cylindrical impact striker to enact both point and line impact. Damage mechanisms, such as matrix cracking, delamination, and fiber breakage/rupture, occur in the facesheet, as well as honeycomb crushing and breakage in the core. The combination of experimental and numerical results illustrates the effects of facesheet thickness and core thickness on failure mechanisms. A three-dimensional model can also be used to clearly visualize the effect of different core material properties on the failure mechanism and dynamic response during an impact event.

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Yan Tu and Baowen Sun. "Mechanism of the impact of online social network on enterprise e-business model." In 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6010288.

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White, Andrew C., Joan Khuu, Christine Dang, Kathy Tran, Anqi Liu, and Bill Lowry. "Abstract B46: Adult stem cell quiescence as a tumor suppressor mechanism in squamous tumors." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; November 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3125.modorg-b46.

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Trabia, Mohamed B. "A Continuous Force Model for Elastic-Plastic Impact of Solids." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0360.

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Abstract A model for elastic-plastic impact analysis of solids is presented. This model is valid for the cases when plasticity accounts for the absorption of energy during impact. It is assumed that impact forces follow continuous Hertz contact force model. The model depends on a new mechanism for energy absorption in the impacted solids. The method yields the relative velocity of impact needed to initiate permanent deformation, coefficient of restitution, and impact time. As an example, impact between spheres is considered. Comparison between analytical and experimental results is included.

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Chang, Yaping, and Jin Luo. "The Impact Mechanism of Consumer Perceived Risk on Purchase Intention under the C2C Model." In 2010 International Conference on Internet Technology and Applications (iTAP 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itapp.2010.5566156.

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Korves, Brian, and Philip A. Voglewede. "Dynamic Model of a Weld Breaking Mechanism for Automatic Circuit Recloser Applications." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34371.

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Automatic circuit reclosers protect electrical distribution systems by breaking the circuit should the current levels exceed an acceptable range. In the process of opening and closing the circuit, welds are formed between the contacts, making it difficult to separate the contacts again. In order to ensure that the contacts can be separated in the event of a fault, a mechanism has been constructed to impart an impact load on the weld. This mechanism has been designed and used for many years with little understanding of how the mechanism components affect the performance of the mechanism. In order to gain this understanding, a dynamic model of the mechanism was created.

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Naik, Chitralkumar V., Hossam Elasrag, Rakesh Yadav, Ahad Validi, and Ellen Meeks. "Impact of Combustion Models on Emissions Predictions From a Piloted Methane-Air Diffusion Flame." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5521.

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Abstract Combustion models can have a significant impact on flame simulations. While solving finite rate chemistry typically yields more accurate predictions, they depend significantly on the detailed kinetics mechanism used. To demonstrate the effect, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of Sandia Flame D [1] has been performed using various combustion models. Four different detailed kinetics mechanisms have been considered. They include DRM mechanism with 22 species, GRI-mech 2.11 with 49 species, GRI-mech 3.0 with 53 species [2], and Model Fuel Library (MFL) mechanism with 29 species [3]. In addition to the mechanisms, two modeling approaches considered are direct integration of finite rate kinetics (FR) and Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM). The performance is compared between combinations of the mechanisms and combustion-modeling approaches for prediction of the flame structure and pollutants, including NO and CO. The mesh contains about half a million hexahedral cells and LES statistics were collected over ten flow throughs. Advanced solvers including dynamic cell clustering using the Chemkin-CFD solver in Fluent have been used for faster simulation time. Based on comparison of simulation results to the measurements at various axial and radial positions, we find that the results using the FGM approach were comparable to those using direct integration of FR chemistry, except for NO. In general, the simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment in terms of aerodynamics, mixture fraction and temperature profiles. However, kinetics mechanisms were found to have the most pronounced effect on emissions predictions. NO was especially more sensitive to the kinetics mechanism. Both versions of the GRI-mech fell short in predicting emissions. Overall, the MFL mechanism was found to yield the closest match with the data for flame structure, CO, and NO.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Mechanism impact model"

Ramakrishnan, Aravind, Ashraf Alrajhi, Egemen Okte, Hasan Ozer, and Imad Al-Qadi. Truck-Platooning Impacts on Flexible Pavements: Experimental and Mechanistic Approaches. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-038.

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Truck platoons are expected to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption. However, their use is projected to accelerate pavement damage due to channelized-load application (lack of wander) and potentially reduced duration between truck-loading applications (reduced rest period). The effect of wander on pavement damage is well documented, while relatively few studies are available on the effect of rest period on pavement permanent deformation. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify the impact of rest period theoretically, using a numerical method, and experimentally, using laboratory testing. A 3-D finite-element (FE) pavement model was developed and run to quantify the effect of rest period. Strain recovery and accumulation were predicted by fitting Gaussian mixture models to the strain values computed from the FE model. The effect of rest period was found to be insignificant for truck spacing greater than 10 ft. An experimental program was conducted, and several asphalt concrete (AC) mixes were considered at various stress levels, temperatures, and rest periods. Test results showed that AC deformation increased with rest period, irrespective of AC-mix type, stress level, and/or temperature. This observation was attributed to a well-documented hardening–relaxation mechanism, which occurs during AC plastic deformation. Hence, experimental and FE-model results are conflicting due to modeling AC as a viscoelastic and the difference in the loading mechanism. A shift model was developed by extending the time–temperature superposition concept to incorporate rest period, using the experimental data. The shift factors were used to compute the equivalent number of cycles for various platoon scenarios (truck spacings or rest period). The shift model was implemented in AASHTOware pavement mechanic–empirical design (PMED) guidelines for the calculation of rutting using equivalent number of cycles.

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Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Amir, Muhammad Hibatullah Romli, Razif Abas, Sharmili Vidyadaran, Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Baharuldin, Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin, Vishnnumukkala Thirupathirao, et al. Impact of Endocannabinoid Mediated Glial Cells on Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0094.

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Review question / Objective: This review aims to review systematically, and meta-analyse published pre-clinical research about the mechanism of endocannabinoid system modulation on glial cells and their effects on cognitive function in designated Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the animal model. Condition being studied: Its been acknowledged that the cure of Alzheimer's disease is still vague. Current medicine is working on symptoms only but never stop the disease progression due to neuronal loss. In recent years, researches have found that cannabinoid which is derived from cannabis sativa plant and its compounds exert neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. In fact, cognitive improvement has been shown in some clinical studies. Therefore, the knowledge of cannabinoids and its interaction with living physiological environment like glial cells is crucial as immunomodulation to strategize the potential target of this substance. The original articles from related study relating endocannabinoid mediated glial cell were extracted to summarize and meta-analyze its impact and possible mechanism against cognitive decline in AD.

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Holler, Siegrid, Lucia Haro, Juan Camilo Villalobos, Ana María Pérez,, and Felipe Sarmiento Caldas. Designing a Results-Based Financing Model: Recommendations and Guidelines. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003942.

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Results-Based Financing Models are innovative mechanisms that seek to accelerate results by shifting the focus from the traditional model of paying for activities and inputs to paying for results. In addition to increasing impact on the different actions, the models also allow for flexibility and adaptability of these actions always seeking those that are most cost-effective to achieve results. Also, these mechanisms increase transparency and accountability of the agents as results are verified by independent and external audits. Finally, and most importantly, results-based financing models promotes systemic change that is sustainable through time. Thus, this document looks to provide recommendations and guidelines on how to design and implement these innovative models contextualized with examples on the education sector.

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Ahwireng-Obeng, Asabea Shirley, and Frederick Ahwireng-Obeng. Private Philanthropic Cross-Border Flows and Sustainable Development in Africa. Centre on African Philanthropy and Social Investment, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47019/2021.ra1.

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The paper examines the simultaneous impact of private philanthropic cross-border funding from international foundations on the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development in Africa. The vector error correction model (VECM) was used, and contrary to expectations drawn from past studies, funding from this source improves economic growth, advances human development, and enhances environmental quality. Causality test results also disconfirmed the assumption that interactions among the three dimensions were positive and complementary in the long term. The environment variable was found to be noncomplementary. Based on these unique results, theoretical propositions are made with an underlying mechanism of action. Practical and policy implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

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van Walbeek, Corné, Adedeji Adeniran, and Iraoya Augustine. More on the Positive Fiscal and Health Effects of Increasing Tobacco Taxes in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.010.

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Nigeria is faced with substantial economic and health burdens caused by tobacco smoking. The economic burden of smoking accounts for approximately 1.3 per cent of Nigeria's GDP. In terms of its health impact, 4.9 per cent of all deaths in 2019 were attributed to smokingrelated diseases. The thousands of Nigerians that die annually from tobacco-induced diseases are no longer able to contribute productively to the economy. Tobacco taxation is one very effective mechanism for reducing the burden of smoking. This paper measures and benchmarks the economic gains and the number of lives that could be saved through increased tobacco taxation in Nigeria. Should the government of Nigeria increase the excise tax to 240 Naira per pack (together with an ad valorem tax of 50 per cent of the CIF/ex-works price), our model predicts that, over 30 years, nearly 150,000 premature deaths could be avoided. This is in addition to the more than 150 per cent increase in government revenue that would also result. The model indicates that the larger the increase in the excise tax, the greater would be its fiscal and public health impact.

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Fedorov, Alexey. AMOC decadal variability in Earth system models: Mechanisms and climate impacts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1378474.

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Koessl, Gerald. The system of limited-profit housing in Austria. Liège: CIRIEC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.wp202204.

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Limited-profit housing plays a significant role in Austria’s housing market. Around a quarter of all households live in homes owned or managed by a limited-profit housing association (LPHA). These associations are characterised by a distinct business model, based on the premise of cost-recovery and revolving funds. By deviating both from the logic of for-profit housing and from public housing, LPHAs occupy a distinct ‘Third Sector’ role in Austria’s housing market. This paper describes the key mechanisms and principles of limited-profit housing, including how they are financed, how rents are set, what components are included in price calculations and how they use revolving funds to finance future affordable housing construction. The paper also elaborates the impact of the limited-profit business model on rent levels and draws on a recent study to demonstrate their wider economic impacts.

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Haider, Huma. Transitional Justice and Reconciliation in the Western Balkans: Approaches, Impacts and Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.033.

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Countries in the Western Balkans have engaged in various transitional justice and reconciliation initiatives to address the legacy of the wars of the 1990s and the deep political and societal divisions that persist. There is growing consensus among scholars and practitioners that in order to foster meaningful change, transitional justice must extend beyond trials (the dominant international mechanism in the region) and be more firmly anchored in affected communities with alternative sites, safe spaces, and modes of engagement. This rapid literature review presents a sample of initiatives, spanning a range of sectors and fields – truth-telling, art and culture, memorialisation, dialogue and education – that have achieved a level of success in contributing to processes of reconciliation, most frequently at the community level. It draws primarily from recent studies, published in the past five years. Much of the literature available centres on Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), with some examples also drawn from Serbia, Kosovo and North Macedonia.

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Dabrowski, Anna, Yung Nietschke, Pauline Taylor-Guy, and Anne-Marie Chase. Mitigating the impacts of COVID-19: Lessons from Australia in remote education. Australian Council for Educational Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-618-5.

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This literature review provides an overview of past and present responses to remote schooling in Australia, drawing on international research. The paper begins by discussing historical responses to emergency and extended schooling, including during the COVID-19 crisis. The discussion then focuses on effective teaching and learning practices and different learning design models. The review considers the available evidence on technology-based interventions and their use during remote schooling periods. Although this research is emergent, it offers insights into the availability and suitability of different mechanisms that can be used in remote learning contexts. Noting that the local empirical research base is limited, the discussion focuses on the ways in which Australia has drawn upon international best practices in remote schooling in order to enhance teaching and learning experiences. The paper concludes by discussing the conditions that can support effective remote schooling in different contexts, and the considerations that must be made around schooling during and post pandemic.

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Agusti Strid, Alma, and James Ronicle. Social Impact Bonds in Latin America: IDB Lab's Pioneering Work in the Region: Lessons Learnt. Edited by Christine Ternent. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003004.

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In recent years, Latin America has seen the introduction of innovative pay-for-success mechanisms to fund social programs, including Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) and Development Impact Bonds (DIBs), outcome-based contracts that incorporate the use of private financing from investors to cover the upfront capital required for a provider to set up and deliver a social service. In this context, IDB Lab established a SIB Facility in 2014 to promote the focus on outcomes in social programs and increase outcomes-based commissioning. The SIB Facility has resulted in IDB Lab providing support to developing SIBs in Colombia (first SIB launched in a middle-income country), Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Brazil. Since then, several employment SIBs have launched in Colombia and Argentina and prefeasibility studies for SIBs on other topics are currently underway in Chile. This Technical Note aims to capture the lessons learnt from developing SIBs in Latin America, focusing on the five countries where the SIB Facility played a pioneering role. The study takes a retrospective view in examining what has been done and a prospective view in considering how challenges can be overcome and how lessons learnt might be considered within the IDB Lab, both at SIB level and at ecosystem level looking at the SIB ecosystems that have started to emerge. In the study, we find that the SIBs that have launched in the study countries were well designed and that there had also been thorough consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of the model.

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