Дисертації з теми "Mécanique granulaire"
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Sassine, Nahia. "Etude du comportement thermo-mécanique d'un milieu granulaire et interactions milieu-réservoir." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI082/document.
Повний текст джерелаThermal Energy Storage (TES) systems are central elements of various types of power plants operated using renewable energy sources. Packed bed TES can be considered as a cost effective solution in concentrated solar power plants (CSP). Such a device is made of a tank filled with a granular bed through which a heat-transfer fluid circulates. However, in such devices, the tank might be subjected to an accumulation of thermal stresses during cycles of loading and unloading due to the differential thermal expansion between the filler and the tank wall. This research was devoted to investigate the thermo-mechanical behavior of the granular bed inside a packed bed TES tank. To achieve this objective, two approaches were undertaken in this work, i.e. numerical and experimental. A numerical model was defined to describe the tank's behavior under thermal cycling based on the discrete element method (DEM). The evolution of tank wall stresses over thermal cycles, taking into account both thermal and mechanical loads, as well as the kinematics of the granular material at the particles scale (i.e. discrete elements), are studied here. The deformability of the tank itself under thermo-mechanical loads is also included in the numerical model. Simulations were performed for different thermal configurations (i.e. the tank is heated homogeneously along its height or with a moving vertical gradient of temperature) and different boundary condition cases (i.e. rigid wall, tank wall with a higher thermal expansion coeficient than the bed or inversely). The behavior of the tank is dependent on the imposed thermal and boundary conditions. In addition to this, a thermocline prototype was designed and constructed at the CEA laboratory, aiming at studying the stress accumulation over the thermal cycles. The experimental setup, called ESPERA, is equipped with force measurement devices, installed at different height positions on the wall. The force measurement devices were developed and calibrated at the CEA. Their sensitivity was also tested using a different developed setup, P'tit-Pousse. Experimental tests were carried out proving the stress accumulation over the cycles. Eventually, a comparison between the numerical results and the lately-obtained preliminary experimental measurements is proposed
Boivin, Théo. "Approche par mécanique granulaire de la respiration des électrodes de batterie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI033.
Повний текст джерелаTo optimise lithium-ion batteries capacity, the adding of silicon as active material of the anode is an interesting solution. However, the significant volumetric expansion of this material during its alloy with lithium makes its insertion delicate. Indeed, the volumetric expansion creates a “breathing” effect of the cell at the rhythm of charge and discharge cycles, which causes mechanical stress potentially detrimental to lifespan and safety. The current models of this phenomenon are still unable to describe it accurately, especially the irreversible expansion at each cycle. These approaches addressed the problem through the prism of continuous material. Yet, it is a fact that the material of an electrode is granular and that the microstructure can change because of particles reorganisation. In addition, the few approaches that considered this discrete structure do not present a comprehensive analysis of the contact properties between particles.The objective of this thesis is to integrate the granular structure in an electrode model and estimate the impact of the various granular properties on breathing.The construction of the breathing model is based on the use of DEM (Discrete Element Method), a computation tool of dynamical interaction between particles. Built with the open-source code LIGGGHTS, the numerical sample is composed of a particles bed representative of a 50 µm thick anode. Particles have the properties of silicon/carbon black and graphite, and the used contact law is the Hertz-Mindlin law. First, the model predicts a swelling amplitude almost linear with the proportion of silicon within the anode. Moreover, the pressure applied on the electrode and the particles rigidity are closely linked through the concept of particles bed “stiffness level”: increasing pressure is similar to decreasing particles rigidity, and vice versa. At low stiffness level, the breathing amplitude decreases significantly, and at high stiffness level, the breathing amplitude is independent of the latter. In addition, adhesion and breakable bonds between particles are respectively implemented by the laws of Johnson-Kendall-Roberts and Potyondy-Cundall. Adhesion and/or presence of breakable bonds between particles particularly favour the irreversibility at first cycle: the irreversibility is susceptible to reach until 70% of breathing amplitude only because of particles reorganisation. This observation confirms the idea that the granular media is susceptible to contribute to the first cycle irreversibility observed experimentally. Finally, when friction between particles is high and the rotation of the latter is blocked, a phenomenon of “pillars” appears: only few columns of particles support the pressure applied on the electrode.In parallel, an experimental study was carried out on macroscopic samples to investigate the effect of pressure variation during cycling, temperature and pressure during first cycles. The pressure variation during cycling affects anode thickness but shows to be weakly influential on breathing amplitude. A high cycling temperature (61°C) generates a diminution of breathing amplitude. It also creates a progressive capacity loss more important, but it does not explain all the influence on breathing amplitude, hence the impact on microstructure is suspected. At last, high pressure (3 MPa) during first cycles turns out to be a lever to reduce durably the breathing amplitude of the anode
Zhang, Yuqi. "Comportement mécanique du matériau granulaire en tenant compte de la rupture des particules." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0041/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe mechanical behaviour of granular materials is deeply related to both the individual particle properties and to the assembly of grains (fabric, void distribution …). Subjected to an external loading, the assembly deforms which is not only dependent on relative grain displacements but also on the grain deformation and to grain breakage when occurring. Experimental and numerical studies of single particles were performed. Four approximately spherical particles of light expanded clay were tested to investigate the breakage phenomenon under diametric displacement-controlled compression load. Photos were taken with a frame rate of 4 images per second during the testing. Since the interior of a heterogeneous particle has significant influence on the failure initiation, an X-Ray micro tomography system was used to scan particles. Moreover, the post-processing enables us to obtain the real 3D volumetric structure. Then a 3D numerical model including pore structure was built in Abaqus for the same loading conditions. A comparison of results from laboratory tests and simulations was made. Based on the results, the crack initiation process, its location and classification of particle failures were set. For purpose of understanding the anisotropy and in particular fabric of packing of granular material when disturbed under external loading, five biaxial compression tests were performed on an assembly of approximately spherical particles settled in a chamber under confining pressure. During the test, photos were taken by the camera and saved to a computer at periodic intervals. Software written with Matlab codes was used to process the photos, determine the displacement field and analyse the results. Focus on contact orientation, fabric tensor and its evolution during testing were put on. Impact of some key factors such as packing density, confining pressure, sizes of the covers, sizes of the particles and thickness of samples on the packing characteristic were analysed. In order to understand mechanical behaviour and kinematic of multiple particles under external load considering particle breakage, six biaxial compression tests were performed on an assembly of approximately spherical particles. Photos were taken to record the location of each particle during the tests. Software written with of Matlab codes was used to process the photos and trace the displacement of all particles in order to analyze kinematical behaviour of the particles. A particular attention was payed to given particles subjected grain breakage within the assembly. Their contacts and relative displacements were introduced in the numerical model of single grain breakage and conclusions were derived
Lubert, Mylène. "Aptitude à l'écoulement d'un milieu granulaire : exploitation des instabilités de cisaillement et évaluation du vieillissement." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11033.
Повний текст джерелаReydellet, Guillaume. "Mesure expérimentale de la fonction réponse d'un matériau granulaire." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066544.
Повний текст джерелаChastaing, Jean-Yonnel. "Mécanique statistique de systèmes macroscopiques hors-équilibre." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN015/document.
Повний текст джерелаOver the last two decades, formalism in statistical mechanics describing states far from equilibrium has been significantly developed. However, there are few experimental achievements to test exact results and robustness when the system is far from the assumptions under which they are established. On this basis, we propose to consider macroscopic systems that allow good control of experimental parameters. We report here the study of two dissipative systems maintained in a steady state.On the one hand, we study the dynamics of a single bead bouncing vertically upon avibrated surface. We consider the properties of energy exchanges between the particle (bead) and the thermostat (the vibrated surface) : statistical properties, deviation from equilibrium, reversibility. On the other hand, we consider the properties of a granular gas maintained in a steady state, studying the fluctuations in the angular velocity of a blade immersed in the gas. We test some theoretical expectations for non dissipative systems and show that they are compatible with our measurements : fluctuation theorem, fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Using two coupled experimental devices, we discuss energy exchanges between systems maintained under different states, temperature or density, especially in the limit of very low density gases
Prado, Gaël. "Propriétés de jets granulaires denses et mesure d'une tension de surface granulaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14727/document.
Повний текст джерелаGranular media exhibit a broad range of behaviours that can be related to the common states of matter: solid, liquid and gaseous. The experiments described in this thesis focus on dense granular flows ad their analogies with molecular liquid flows.The work presented focuses on granular material flowing from a reservoir, in ambient air under the effect of gravity. Some properties of such jets are presented, among them the evolution of the diameter of the jet along propagation. This evolution allows one to describe granular jets as incompressible liquid jets for a certain range of parameters D (exit diameter) and d (beads diameter). When using a reduced variable D/d (the aspect ratio), a transition appears close to a critical value (approx. 15) below which the granular jet exhibit a gas-like behaviour.This transition is explained using a model supposing balance between the heat flux (from the granular temperature imposed at the wall of the reservoir) and its dissipation through inelastic collisions between the beads in the granular medium. This model allows one to compute the temperature and volume fraction profiles as well as their mean values which are in good agreement with the experimental measurements (volume fraction at the exit).In the "liquid" regime defined previously, an effective surface tension is measured by studying the unstable modes of a Rayleigh-Plateau like instability. This instability is obtained by imposing a vertical oscillation on the jet which induces a diametrical modulation whose evolution is measured. Measurements of the growth rates of these unstable modes leads to the dispersion relation $\omega (kr_{0})$ and to an effective granular surface tension. This surface tension shows a diminution when the beads' size increases, a diminution when the air pressure is reduced and a growth along propagation.The proposed mechanism explaining this effective surface tension is the interaction between the granular jet and the surrounding air. Air velocity profiles are measured for different beads diameters, different air pressures and different distances below the outlet. Using these velocity profiles, various forces exerted on the beads are calculated, leading to a surface tension whose order of magnitude is lower than the one measured through the Rayleigh-Plateau instability. The right order of magnitude can be obtained by considering the air permeation through the pores on the surface the jet and the force exerted along the surface of said pores
Dagois, Simon. "Le chant des dunes : mouvements collectifs dans un écoulement granulaire." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077081.
Повний текст джерелаThe song of dunes is a natural phenomenon that have arisen men's curiosity for a long time, from Marco Polo to R. A. Bagnold. Scientific observations in the XXth century have shown that the sound is emitted by a coherent vibration of the free surface of a flow in these special singing grains, and that this sound is linked to a threshold effect that depends on many parameters. In order to understand the synchronization mechanism that links the movements of the grains, we have made two missions in Morocco and in Oman to study on field these singing dunes, from which we brought back many samples. On the basis of a study of their microscopic properties, we showed that these grains are covered by a varnish that increases their friction and adhesion properties. In an experiment with varying shear rate, we characterized the threshold dependency on relative humidity as well as on flow parameters. In an avalanche experiment, we reproduced with high fidelity the song of dunes that can be heard on field and our observations showed that the flow has a part at the surface where the velocity is homogeneous like a solid movement. This experiment also showed that the synchronization is not due to an acoustic wave propagating inside the granular layer. We then developed a mode! based on the interaction between the force chains in the shear part of the flow and the plug part of the flow. This model have a good quantitative agreement with the experiments, and it also explains all the qualitative observations that have been made on this subject
Salot, Christophe. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique d'un matériau granulaire composite par la méthode des éléments discrets." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10243.
Повний текст джерелаComposites granular materials are frequent components of geotechnical structures. They are composed of different size and nature of particles which generate a complex behaviour difficult to appreciate in experiments. A three-dimensional discrete element model and a specific procedure were developed to simulate the macroscopic behaviour of these materials under triaxial loading. The numerical model implements non convex elements and is based on a parameter calibration procedure. This approach is validated by comparison with experimental tests on homogeneous granular materials for a variety of relative densities. Simulations are applied with sand – gravel and sand – tyre chips mixtures for different mixing ratios and results are compared with experimental ones. The influence of shape and relative size of elements is discussed
Salot, Christophe. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique d'un matériau granulaire composite par la méthode des éléments discrets." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203393.
Повний текст джерелаLe modèle repose sur l'utilisation d'éléments discrets de formes simples non convexes et sur une procédure de calibration des paramètres. Il a été validé par des essais expérimentaux réalisés pour diverses densités sur des matériaux granulaires homogènes. Le modèle est appliqué aux mélanges sable – gravier et sable – pastilles de pneu pour diverses proportions et comparé à des résultats expérimentaux. L'influence de la forme et de la taille relative des éléments est discutée.
Robbe-Saule, Manon. "Modélisation expérimentale de génération de tsunami par effondrement granulaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS497/document.
Повний текст джерелаVarious past geological events have shown that landslides near coastlines, involving volumes from a few thousand cubic meters to several cubic kilometers, can lead to tsunami waves with significant amplitude. The generated wave and the collapse both represent an important hazard for the population and infrastructure located on or near the coast. Realistic modeling requires considering the granular nature of landslides. Here, we developed a new set of small-scale laboratory experiments to investigate in detail the wave generated by the collapse of an aerial granular column into water. An entire set of parameters are tested: (1) the falling granular mass (height, volume, aspect ratio, grain size and density), (2) the water layer height and (3) the geometrical configuration (horizontal or inclined plane). From quasi-bidimensional experiments in a rectangular channel we record both the time evolution of the granular collapse and of the generated wave. We show that the wave generation process is driven by the collective dynamics of the granular collapse at the water free surface. We identify a clear linear dependence between the relative wave amplitude and a Froude number defined as the ratio of the granular front velocity and the solitary wave velocity. The wave amplitude reaches its maximum value at an intermediate water depth. The total energy transfer shows that only a few percent of the initial potential energy of the column is transferred to the wave, suggesting a considerable energy loss in the granular collapse itself. Finally, we highlight the low influence diameter and density of the falling grain in the generation of the wave. This suggests that the mass of the collapse is of low importance compared to its volume. Another interesting result is the linear dependence of the relative wave amplitude with the relative immersed volume of the final deposit. This allows us to estimate the wave amplitude generated by past or potential events in Nature. Despite the various scales and geometries of these natural events, and the uncertainty of the data, our empirical law, from our small-scale experiment, predicts waves similar to other numerical or experimental models
Boufellouh, Samir. "Modélisation de la distribution de contraintes dans un milieu granulaire : comparaison avec les résultats expérimentaux." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECAP0677.
Повний текст джерелаPozo, Oliver. "Étude de la réponse au cisaillement d'un milieu granulaire humide non-saturé." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4026.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is an experimental study of the effects of moisture on the response of a granular medium to shear. The shear stress changes from a ”noisy” behavior to a ”stick-slip” behavior, to the ”noisy” behavior again when the water content increases in the granular medium. A study of the maxima and of the amplitude of fluctuations of the shear stress was made, in order to analyze the static and dynamic states during shearing. The increase of the average value of the maxima in shear stress as a function of the water content agrees with the model of Halsey and Levine in the static case. In the dynamic case, the study of the amplitude of the fluctuations of the shear stress reveals three states corresponding to increasing levels of humidity in the surrounding atmosphere : a granular state, a correlated state and a viscoplastic state (terminology introduced by Tegzes). A model of cohesion was studied numerically with the molecular dynamics method on a two-dimensional system; this model allows us to get insights into the dynamics of the shearing band. We also showed experimentally that moisture has not only spacial effects but also temporal effects (ageing) on the sheared granular medium
Chélin, Yoann. "Développement d'un modèle mécanique et numérique de morphogenèse de tissus épithéliaux." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799370.
Повний текст джерелаMesnier, Aline. "Étude expérimentale et simulation de la ségrégation mécanique et thermique de billes millimétriques dans un séchoir de type tambour tournant." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1046/document.
Повний текст джерелаProduct homogeneity issue during mechanical and thermal processing of a bi-dispersed bed with two particles’ sizes or two particles’ densities in a horizontal rotary drum was considered. In the first part, the mixing of milli-metric size spherical beads in a two-dimensional drum was simulated by means of a commercial discrete element software and optically observed in a specially designed laboratory scale device. The spatial distribution of the particles in the front bed section, the radial mechanical segregation index and the dynamic slope angle were analyzed. After adjusting the friction coefficient, the simulation results were close to the experimental ones. Important phenomena of radial and axial segregation have been highlighted. The radial segregation index was found to be significantly decreased by applying an important number of long baffles, while using few short baffles had practically no influence on segregation intensity. In the second part, the heating of the bed of spherical beads in a 2D drum with hot peripheral wall was simulated by means of the discrete element software. Mono-dispersed, gaussian-dispersed and bi-dispersed beds (same as in part 1) were considered. The mechanical segregation and the thermal segregation indexes were calculated for the different types of bed and for different baffles configurations. The thermal segregation was found to be generally enhanced by the mechanical segregation and reached its highest values for the bi-density bed. Increasing the number and the length of the baffles considerably improved the overall heating rate and the thermal homogeneity of the considered beds
Aboura, Abdelaziz. "Etude expérimentale du comportement mécanique de matériaux granulaires non conventionnels." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10225.
Повний текст джерелаBecquart, Frédéric. "Première approche du comportement mécanique d'un milieu granulaire issu d'un mâchefer d'incinération d'ordures ménagères : valorisation en technique routière." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-13.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVanel, Loïc. "Etude expérimentale de l'équilibre mécanique d'un milieu granulaire : exemples du silo et du tas de sable." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258084.
Повний текст джерелаLa mesure de forces dans un milieu granulaire est délicate à cause d'un couplage fondamental entre les déformations du capteur et la mobilisation des forces de friction entre grains ou entre grains et paroi. Cependant, en définissant proprement le protocole de mesure, nous avons pu améliorer de façon très significative la reproductibilité des résultats en comparaison des mesures que l'on trouve dans la littérature.
Nous nous sommes intéressé aux liens qui existent entre la structure de l'empilement granulaire et la répartition des contraintes. Sous l'effet d'un cisaillement ou de vibrations, l'équilibre d'une colonne granulaire dans un silo évolue considérablement ainsi que la structure de l'empilement comme le révèlent des mesures de densité moyenne et locale. Sous le sommet d'un tas de sable formé par écoulement des grains en avalanches, j'ai observé très clairement un minimum ou "trou" de pression, alors que la pression est maximum si les grains sont déposés en couches horizontales. Nous avons aussi mesuré les fluctuations résiduelles de la pression en fonction de la taille des grains ou de la hauteur de remplissage du silo et ai observé que leur dépendance avec la taille des grains montrent une régression statistique anormale en comparaison de celle déduite de la distribution des forces à l'échelle du grain.
La plupart des observations sont qualitativement et quantitativement bien reproduites par le modèle OSL dans lequel les contraintes se propagent selon deux directions dont l'une s'identifie à la direction moyenne des chaînes de forces. La notion de propagation anisotrope de forces permet de comprendre la distribution de pression sous un tas ou la forme de la courbe de saturation de la pression dans un silo, y compris les oscillations de la pression en présence d'une surcharge.
Nous avons proposé en outre un modèle de durcissement d'arches qui permet d'expliquer l'existence d'un mode d'écoulement fragmentaire après renversement d'un tube rempli de grains et met en évidence le rôle non négligeable de l'élasticité des parois.
Maalej, Yamen. "Comportement mécanique d'un milieu granulaire injecté par un coulis de ciment : étude expérimentale et modélisation micromécanique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00141156.
Повний текст джерелаGasnier, Jean-Baptiste. "Etude du comportement thermo-mécanique et de l’endommagement d’un matériau énergétique granulaire par méthodes de Fourier." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM051/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to study the thermal and mechanical behavior of an energetic polycrystal. This material displays a quasi-brittle behavior and its thermal dilation coefficient decreases when it undergoes cooling-heating cycles.The study relies on the use of a Johnson-Mehl tessellation model which has non-convex grains, and a full-field numerical method based on the Fourier transform. The accuracy of such methods concerning cracked media are determined by comparison with Finite Elements computations. The numerical tool is then used to investigate different microstructural assumptions, from the simplest to the most sophisticated.The first computation is that of an undammaged polycrystal, which overestimates the overall mechanical properties. The attempt to account for porosity and the presence of binder gives interesting results, but the latter are not enough to reproduce the experimental behavior.Finally, different types of microcracks are investigated and two major conclusions are drawn. First, in its initial state, the material contains intergranular cracks, that are uncorrelated to the local microstructure. Such cracks can lower the elastic moduli and leave the thermal properties unaffected. To obtain a decrease in terms of thermal dilation coefficient, one must consider families of cracks which are correlated to the local crystal orientation, especially along the weak plane of the crystal
Visco, Paolo. "Mécanique statistique hors d'équilibre et fluctuations dans les gaz granulaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00162084.
Повний текст джерелаOvarlez, Guillaume. "Statique et rhéologie d'un milieu granulaire confiné." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001963.
Повний текст джерелаMiksic, Amandine. "Étude des propriétés mécaniques et acoustiques d'un milieu granulaire sous chargements cycliques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350277.
Повний текст джерелаSeguin, Antoine. "De la pénétration en milieu granulaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00727081.
Повний текст джерелаHoang, Minh Tam. "Frottement saccadé dans les matériaux granulaire modèles." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743550.
Повний текст джерелаJensen, Michael. "Un éjecteur haute fréquence de matières granulaires." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6183.
Повний текст джерелаLefebvre, Gautier. "Incorporation de liquide dans un milieu granulaire : mécanismes du mélange." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061870.
Повний текст джерелаStaron, Lydie Hélène. "Étude numérique des mécanismes de déstabilisation des pentes granulaires." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GLOB0011.
Повний текст джерелаBenmezroua, Boumediene. "Etude numérique et expérimentale, à l'échelle microstructurelle, du transport granulaire dans les matériaux poreux saturés." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790188.
Повний текст джерелаLes études numérique et expérimentale de la filtration dans un milieu poreux bidimensionnel montrent l'influence des particules sur le champ de vitesse du fluide qui se met à son tour en mouvement et accélère la filtration. L'étude des interactions particules-fluide par l'approche couplée DEM-CFD (Distinct Element Method-Computational Fluid Dynamics) a abouti à proposer une formulation de la traînée en fonction de la porosité du milieu poreux. Le couplage avec la loi de Darcy conduit à une relation pratique qui prédit la perméabilité en fonction de la porosité. L'étude est étendue à la filtration de particules solides dans un milieu poreux constitué d'un empilement désordonné de sphères dans lequel un fluide s'écoule en permanence. L'analyse à l'échelle des grains montre des zones de colmatage qui se développent dans le milieu poreux. L'étendue du colmatage est analysée en fonction de combinaisons des forces prédominantes que sont les forces de gravité et de viscosité. Des courbes de distribution des particules selon la profondeur sont trouvées.
Saingier, Guillaume. "Mécanismes et dynamiques d’interactions entre grains et liquide : du matériau granulaire sec au mélange saturé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS230.
Повний текст джерелаGranular materials are ubiquitous, both in nature and in industry or in our daily life. Blending grains and liquid is a basic operation at the origin of many industrial processes. Nevertheless, the understanding and the modeling of the mechanisms of exchanges of liquid and grains, implied in the mixing process, remain largely unknown. In this PhD, we propose to investigate the mechanisms of interactions between a granular material containing a variable quantity of liquid and flowing dry grains. Depending on the amount of liquid, the wet granular phase can be eroded by the granular flow, or flowing grains can be captured by granular accretion or the liquid can be transported from the wet to the dry phase by impregnation. First, we focus on the mechanisms and the dynamics of granular accretion observed after the impact of a dilute granular jet on a wet granular substrate. We highlight the role of liquid interfaces on the growth dynamics and the sources of energy dissipations implied in the capture. Then, using an experiment of accretion with a dense and shear granular flow, we study the influence of the flow properties on the dynamics of capture and we propose a general accretion law. The rotating drum configuration with an isolated aggregate in a granular flow allows us to extend our investigation with the situation of unsaturated granular materials growing by accretion before being eroded. In the second part of the PhD, we study the impregnation in a dense granular jet penetrating into a liquid bath. By modeling the grains intrusion as the impregnation of a porous medium, we highlight the link between the shape of the front profile and the immersion speed. We also characterize the influence of the physico-chemical properties of the grains. This work constitutes a first step in the understanding of local phenomena implied in granular blending processes and the transition from dry to wet granular media
Mede, Tijan. "Etude numérique du comportement mécanique de la neige : une perspective microstructurale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU004/document.
Повний текст джерелаDry slab snow avalanches represent a major natural hazard that is extremely difficult to manage. Attempts to model this phenomenon are hindered by the lack of a constitutive law that would describe the mechanical behaviour of snow on a material scale. In particular, relatively little is known on the failure and post-failure response of snow at high loading-rates. The highly fragile nature of the material in this deformation regimerenders experimental investigation difficult and complicates observation at the microstructural level.As an alternative to experiments, a Discrete Element Method-based numerical model of snow is developed in this thesis. The model enables us to simulate the response of snow to mechanical loading, while accounting for actual snow microstructure by using X-ray attenuation images of snow microstructure as input. Snow is considered as a cohesive granular material and an original methodology is developed in order to model the shape of each grain. Individual grains are bound into the snow matrix by modelling cohesion between neighbouring grains.The model is then used to explore the macroscopic mechanical response of different snow samples to mixed-mode loading. Three typical modes of failure are observed in all tested snow samples, depending on the level of applied normal stress: a localized shear failure at low normal stress (mode A), a shear failure-induced volumetric collapse at intermediate levels of normal stress (mode B), and a normal failure and collapse for high values of normal stress (mode C). The observed failure modes result in closed failure envelopes and no qualitative difference is observed between the mechanical responses of different snow types.The internal mechanisms that lead to volumetric collapse are further examined on the microscale. Force chain buckling is identified as a trigger of this material instability. Additionally, force chain stability appears to be controlled by the contacts between the force chain members and the surrounding grains. The failure in these contacts, which is evidenced in modes B and C, allows force chain buckling to develop and results in subsequent volumetric collapse
Duchesne, Annie. "Étude du comportement mécanique d'un combustible granulaire soumis à des sollicitations d'origine thermique dans un propulseur thermo-nucléaire spatial." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0611.
Повний текст джерелаAlgarra, Nicolas Pierre. "Pénétration d'une fibre flexible dans un milieu granulaire dense." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066500/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe study experimentally a fluid/structure interaction between an elastic fiber and a dense granular medium near the jamming transition. In our horizontal setup, a bidimensionnal and dense random packing is interacting with a clamped elastic fiber. The clamped end of the fiber is in translation relative to the the grains while the free end faces initially the grain flux in a penetration geometry before being deflected by grain/fiber interactions. The control parameters of our system are the packing fraction of the medium, the length and the rigidity of the fiber. Our setup allows us to measure the deflected shape of the fiber, the forces exerted by the grains on the fiber (including the drag force) and to follow the reorganizations of the granular medium. Under some experimental conditions, we observed that this system exhibits several regimes of evolution. For low and large fiber deflections, the system evolves stochastically as a consequence of the random nature of the granular medium : respectively small fluctuations of the fiber around its equilibrium position and sudden events of unlozding of the fiber in flexion associated to granular avalanches. The transition between those two regimes is associated with a symmetry breaking that affects the granular medium as well as the fiber. In a first part, we study how the fiber deflection is influenced by the control parameters, particularly by the distance to jamming. In a second part, we show that a packing fraction asymmetry appears in the granular medium when the fiber is deflected enough. In a third part, we try to understand the evolution of the measured forces using numerical simulations of the Elastica on a constrained beam. Finally, we propose a model of compaction of the grains by the fiber that is in a good aggreement with the experimental evolution of the system. An application of this thesis is the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the penetration of a root or a beam in a granular soil
Bougouin, Alexis. "Etude expérimentale de l'effondrement d'une colonne fluide-grains." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0113/document.
Повний текст джерелаOn the Earth's surface, granular medias are ubiquitous and they are rarely dissociated from a liquid or a gas. The fluid-solid interaction leads to a complex flow dynamics of these coupled systems. This experimental work aims at characterizing the dynamics of the unsteady gravitydrivencollapse of a granular-fluid column within different configurations of the diphasic mixture. First, the flow dynamics of a neutrally buoyant suspension in air are characterized based on a macroscopic description of the flow. In particular, the rheological parameters of the apparent fluid have been extracted using the temporal evolution of the propagating front and self-similar solutions, models of the propagating dynamics at long times. In the considered range of the Reynolds number, the flow dynamics are described as an apparent Newtonian or non-Newtonian (shear-thinning/-thickening, viscoplastic) fluid depending on the various parameters (volume fraction, viscosity of the interstitial fluid, particle diameter, mixing protocol). In order to describe the opposite case of a sedimentary environment where particle-particle interaction becomes dominant, a second part of this work investigates the case of a fluid-saturated granular collapse, i.e. for which particles are heavier than the carrier fluid, in a dense packing configuration. For this purpose, a first part of the study is dedicated to characterize the collapse of an immersed granular column. The dissipative role of the fluid on the granular media is highlighted by an analysis of the collapse dynamics and the characteristics of the final deposit. This characterization allows to classify the regimes of the collapse depending on the viscosity and the density of the surrounding fluid, i.e. the Stokes number and the fluid-grain density ratio. In the triphasic case, i.e. when the granular-fluid column collapses in air, the dynamics may be strongly affected by capillary effects through the Bond number which controls the initial dynamics of the column. When these effects can be neglected (large Bond number) at the column and grain scales, the interstitial fluid can have a driven or a dissipative role on the granular media leading to a runout length more or less extended in comparison to the dry case. The role of the interstitial fluid depends mainly on its viscosity which also modifies the collapse dynamics. Finally, a preliminary study is realized on the flow dynamics of an initially homogeneous negative buoyant suspension column. This case, which makes the transition between the above mentioned configurations, allows to study the coupling between the settling dynamics of particles and this of the current. In particular, we observe that the settling velocity decreases with the increase of the initial volume fraction of particles
Mouilleron-Arnould, Hélène. "Instabilité d'un milieu granulaire cisaillé par un fluide." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30054.
Повний текст джерелаAl-Arkawazi, Sherko Ahmad Flamarz. "Modélisation des interactions fluide-milieu granulaire par couplage CFD-DEM, incluant les transferts thermiques." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0116.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we are interested in the study of hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of fluidized beds by numerical simulations. By means of a coupling between the discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid mechanics (CFD), we are modeling the interaction between a fluid and a granular medium. The interaction is translated through a drag force, and the effect of local concentration of the particles on the drag force is taken into account by a porosity function. Simulation results on a fluidized bed are discussed and compared with experimental ones, especially in terms of height of expansion of the fluidized bed. The influence of friction and restitution coefficients on the macroscopic behavior of the bed is also studied. For example, different geometries of fluidizing columns are modeled. For each of them, simulation results are analyzed, through a fluidization index. These examples illustrate the ability of the coupling CFD–DEM method presented in this work to optimize complex granular flow. We proposed a thermal approach (conduction-convection) based on the finite volume method to calculate the heat transfer between fluid-particle and particle-particle. The effects of dissipation by shock and friction were also taken into account and analyzed. The validation results depicted that the thermal model has proven its effectiveness whether on a fixed or fluidized bed
El, Cheikh Khadija. "Etude de l'interface milieu granulaire : paroi rugueuse par approches expérimentale et numérique : application aux bétons." Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0204/document.
Повний текст джерелаWhen fresh concrete is placed into formworks or during concrete pumping, a layer, called boundary layer, consisting of water and fines, is formed at the interface. Various studies have shown that the friction between the concrete and the wall (form or pipe) is closely linked to the rheological properties of the boundary layer, its composition and the wall roughness. This study aims at understanding the wall-concrete interface phenomena at a grain scale. However, due to the complex nature of the two bodies in contact: boundary layer and wall, a simplified system has been considered. The concrete has been simplified by assuming that it consists of monodispersed spherical grains and without cohesion. Moreover, the irregular asperities of the wall roughness are represented by simple geometries. The study is based on the use of two models, an analog model and a numerical model.The analog approach consists of an experimental device fitted on the tribometer. The test consists in moving rough plates under stacks of confined monodispersed beads. The roughness of the plate is represented by crenels. Three plates representing different roughnesses are used. The experimental results show that the friction and the interface mechanisms are affected by the interface conditions (velocity, roughness, pressure).The numerical approach is based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The wall roughness is modeled by an assembly of spheres fixed on a moving plane. The results obtained by numerical simulations compared with those of the analog model show a good confrontation. As well, the numerical study carried out with periodic boundary conditions and for different roughnesses shows that the interface conditions affect the friction and the behavior of the medium near the interface (velocities profiles, thickness of the shear layer, etc.)
Zhou, Yixian. "Ejection de gaz et de grains suite à la rupture d'un crayon de combustible nucléaire : modélisation de la dynamique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4731/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the hypothetical conditions of a reactivity initiated accident in a nuclear power plant, some of the cylindrical rods, that contain the fuel, could break. If fuel fragmentation occurs, hot fuel particles and pressurized gas could be ejected out of the rod and then interact with the surrounding fluid. The consequences of this interaction are studied by IRSN . The violence of this interaction depends particularly on the discharge rate of the fuel particles. The aim of this thesis, was to study this dynamics. We simulated the fuel particles and gas ejection dynamics by the flow of a dense granular material and a gas from a confined space toward an open space. We focused on the experimental study of the stationary discharge of a silo composed of monodisperse spherical glass beads, with an orifice either lateral or at the bottom of the silo, with or without air flow. The measured parameters were the mass flow rate and the pressure along the silo, whereas the controlled parameters were the size of particles, the size of orifices, and the flow rate of air. To understand the underlying physical mechanism, discrete and continuous numerical simulations were also performed and compared to the experimental results. For the case of a lateral orifice, when the form of the orifice is rectangular, we identified two regimes that depend on the ratio of width to height. For the case with air flow, we found that the flow rate increases significantly with the air flow. We used a simple physical model to describe the grains and gas ejection taking into account the pressure gradient imposed by the fluid on the particles around the orifice
Benseghier, Zeyd. "Etude numérique de l'érosion d'un matériau granulaire cohésif par un écoulement fluide." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0579.
Повний текст джерелаHydraulic earthworks are frequently subjected to erosion-induced failure as reported in the literature. Accordingly, several erosion tests have emerged to quantify soil’s erodibility. However, they are based on simplified interpretation models and may lead to some inconsistencies. Despite several experimental investigations on the subject, there is still a lack of understanding of the erosion mechanisms taking place at the grain level. To this end, the LBM-DEM method is used in the present study to analyze numerically the erosion phenomena at the grain scale, with the addition of a cohesion model, including a time-dependent damage law. The computational speed and the efficiency of the code was significantly improved here using GPUs parallelization techniques. Next, after a preliminary analysis of 2D laminar impinging jet flow, the relevance of the classical Shields criterion for cohesion-less samples was first recovered, followed by a proposed generalization of this criterion for weakly cohesive soils with satisfactory agreement. Lastly, an adaptation of the classical JET interpretation model was proposed to our 2D laminar problematic and the erodibility parameters were subsequently quantified and critically discussed. Finally, a constant shear-driven fluid flow configuration at the upper surface of a sample was alternatively studied. A power law function was found to be best suited than the usual linear relation to account for the erosion law at sample scale. A parametric study on inter-particle cohesion and grain size was next performed to investigate the link between micro and macro parameters
Guillard, François. "Trainée et portance dans les milieux granulaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4782/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents an experimental and numerical study of the forces experienced by an object moving in granular media. This problem, which is of practical importance in many applications (robots, animal locomotion), is also of fundamental interest (rheology of granular materials, granular segregation). The experiment consists in a horizontal cylinder rotating around the vertical axis in glass beads. Both drag forces and lift forces experienced by the cylinder are measured.During the first half rotation, before the cylinder crosses its own wake, we measure a strong lift force (despite the symmetry of the object), about 20 times the buoyancy of the cylinder, and independent of its depth. Molecular dynamic simulations (Discrete Element Method) shed lights on how this lift force arises from the modification of the grain flow due to the pressure gradient in the medium. After several rotations, when the cylinder goes through its own wake, the drag force drops and becomes independent of depth. The rotation of the cylinder induces a structure in the granular packing, which screens the weight of the grains above it. Finally, a numerical study of forces on a large particle flowing with the granular medium is sketched, in relation with the phenomenon of granular segregation
Marano, Aldo. "Simulation numérique de la localisation intra granulaire de la déformation au sein de polycristaux irradiés." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM041.
Повний текст джерелаIrradiated polycrystals are known to exhibit an intense localization of plastic deformation at the grain scale, responsible for a severe loss of ductility and increased sensitivity to intergranular stress corrosion cracking. This thesis takes advantage of the performances offered by the recent progresses of highly parallel FFT-based solvers, to improve the modeling of this crucial phenomenon. We developed field processing methods to produce a systematic analysis of the nature and quantitative characterization of localization bands, from high resolution polycrystalline simulation results. They allowed to evidence a fundamental shortcoming of classical crystal plasticity, cornerstone of all irradiated metals models, in the prediction of intragranular localization modes. To overcome this issue, we extended the scope of our FFT solver, AMITEX_FFTP, to nonlocal mechanics. We used it to extensively study the analytical and numerical predictions of a strain gradient plasticity model, showing that it is a promising way to achieve an accurate modeling of plastic slip localization modes in softening polycrystals, and a fortiori for irradiated metals. Additionally, we explored the explicit modeling of slip bands with FFT-based solvers. We developed generic composite voxel models allowing to strongly reduce its computational cost. We show that this approach provides an efficient way to simulate the consequences of strain localization, such as the evolution of the grain boundary stress distribution or the increased kinematic hardening
Larrieu, Emeline. "Dynamique d'un lit granulaire sous écoulement visqueux oscillant." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30219.
Повний текст джерелаThe interaction between a granular bed and a viscous oscillating Couette flow is studied. The Shields number is close to 1 and the particle Reynolds number small relative to 1. The injection an ink streak above the ripples shows the existence of a steady streaming directed from troughs to crests. Theoretical calculations including lagrangian deformation of the streak recover the experimental results. Growth of the ripples is then studied. The initial wavelength seems independent of Shields number and is quite scattered. A latency period exists before the onset of instability, during which bed compaction is observed, whereas decompaction occurs during ripple growth. Macroscopic and grain-size behaviours are strongly related. Decompaction seems localised on ripples'crests. An independant part deals with the collapse of a dry granular column. A shallow-water model combined with progressive mass addition enables to reproduce numerically experimental scaling laws for runout distance and height
Hamidi, Mohamed Salim. "Direct numerical simulations of flow in dense fluid-particle systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PERP0004.
Повний текст джерелаFluid particle flows hold significant importance in a variety of industrial applications, particularly in the context of third-generation concentrated solar power plants, where they can be used as both a heat transfer fluid and a storage medium. However, studying these flows presents considerable challenges due to the complex multiscale interactions governing them. Numerical simulation, particularly Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) methods where the resolution is smaller than the particle diameter, emerges as a promising tool for better understanding these flows and aiding in the design of pilot-scale industrial applications. The increase in computational capabilities and the performance of numerical algorithms has made the particle resolved simulations of fluidized beds increasingly feasible for representative studies.In this thesis, we present a numerical method based on the one-fluid formulation. This method combines the front tracking method with the viscous penalty method to simulate fluid particle flow behaviors. The front tracking method employs a dual mesh system. This system effectively tracks the moving solid interfaces, represented as a moving mesh, across a fixed simulation grid, ensuring accuracy in representing the particle movements. The viscous penalty method, on the other hand, plays a pivotal role in ensuring the fidelity of rigid body motion within the particles. This is achieved by treating the fluid within the particles as an extremely viscous medium, thereby enabling the simulation to realistically mimic the behavior of fluid particles under various conditions.For short-term interactions between particles, a combined collision model is used. This model adeptly accounts for both viscous dissipation and solid dissipation, primarily due to lubrication effects and inelastic contacts between particles, respectively. The nuanced approach of this model allows for more natural simulations of particle interactions, reducing the reliance on arbitrary numerical parameters often seen in other models cited in the literature. The algorithm is implemented in TrioCFD an open-source framework designed for massively parallel computing.The accuracy and reliability of the simulation code were rigorously tested against well-established benchmarks in the literature. Furthermore, the thesis includes a parametric simulation of a lab-scale fluidized bed, comparing the accuracy of the algorithm against both experimental and numerical results. These comparisons demonstrate that the proposed algorithm aligns well with established benchmarks and exhibits good accuracy in its predictions
Ktari, Mohamed. "Contribution à la détermination des caractéristiques mécaniques des sols aux faibles déformations en régime dynamique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066512.
Повний текст джерелаKhairallah, Diana. "Analyse et modélisation du comportement mécanique de structures de voies ferrées avec sous-couche bitumineuse : Instrumentation de la ligne à grande vitesse Bretagne – Pays de la Loire." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0026/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo improve railways durability, it has been introduced on the HSL BPL (Bretagne-Pays de Loire), a bituminous layer under ballast, intended among other things to reduce the amplitude of the accelerations produced by highspeed trains circulations, which is a major cause of ballast settlement. In order to study the dynamic responses of the different structures, three sections with bituminous underlayment, and a section with a granular sub-layer of BPL track were instrumented. Measurements are monitored remotely. The objective of this thesis is to analyze and model the response of the instrumented sections, and to compare their behavior during the speed up phase and during the commercial service phase. The results indicated good behavior of bituminous sections. The comparison of the accelerations obtained on different sections confirmed the positive effect of the asphalt concrete layer on the stability of the track. Based on the speed up phase measurements, modeling the mechanical response of the various HSL sections using ViscoRail has confirmed the software’s reliability to reproduce the mechanical behavior of railway structures. Temperature measurements, water content and vertical settlements have also confirmed the good seasonal behavior of bituminous structures. Finally, an extension of ViscoRail is put in place, to compare the influence of different types of rail pads, linear and nonlinear, on the response of the track
Gbaguidi, Victor. "Études expérimentales et théoriques du comportement de matériaux granulaires calcaires." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL126N.
Повний текст джерелаBlaj, Octavian. "Comment coule une pâte granulaire ? : études des composantes primaire et secondaire et des fluctuations de l’écoulement." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14591/document.
Повний текст джерелаWet granular materials are made of solid particles in high concentration, immersed in a viscous fluid. We investigated particle dynamics in a model granular suspension in Couette geometry, at low Reynolds/Taylor numbers for density and non density matched suspension. We used innovated techniques such as: Single Particle Tracking (SPT), Multi Particles Video Trajectography (MPVT) and Concentration Photometry (CP). These experiments allow us to provide information about single and collective motion of grains as well as particle repartition (local volume fraction). We investigated fully 3D velocity profiles in concentrated suspensions, diffusion coefficients, particle fluctuations and recirculation motion, also differential flows. We observe that the flow of non density matched suspensions is localized near the inner cylinder in the low shear rate regime, resulting in a sheared layer only a few particle diameters in thickness, in a way very similar to sheared dry granular materials. At high enough angular velocity, the initially localized flow crosses over to full fluidization: in this regime the granular suspension nearly behaves as a density-matched suspension. Dependence between particles’ velocity and associated fluctuation amplitude is evidenced. Experiments as velocity and concentration profiles were compared with theoretical prediction based on the force balance model and different viscometric laws were investigated for normal and shear forces
Stasiak, Marta. "Compression uniaxiale d'un matériau granulaire fragile très compressible - une étude par éléments discrets 3D." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI041/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management (FR Andra) in France suggested a new way to design a tunnel lining, especially, beneficial in the case of very deep tunnels. To avoid very thick tunnel segments, they propose to integrate a layer of granular material on the extrados of the thinner lining. This approach takes the advantages of the compressible capacity of the crushable particles and the load transfer in the granular material. A tunnel segment with such design is called a Mono-block Compressible Arch-segment VMC (Andra’s & CMC’s pending patent) and is an innovative new type of tunnel linings.This PhD dissertation is dedicated to the creation of a numerical model capable of reproducing the mechanical behaviour of this compressible granular layer using 3D Discrete Element Method (DEM). The granular packing is made of the brittle hollow coarse-size cylindrical particles, called shells. Each shell is a 2 cm long tube with a diameter of 2 cm. Its small thickness makes the cylindrical shell mainly made of void surrounded by a thin layer of clay. In the model, a breakable cluster (shell) is generated using sphero-polyhedral elongated clumps. These clumps, called sectors, are glued together using two adhesive contact force laws. If the combination of the normal and tangential contact forces exceeds a suitable failure criterion, a de-clustering of the shell (breakage) occurs. The DEM tool Rockable devel- oped for this research can operate on such crushable particles. The mechanical properties of the shell model, composed of 12 to 24 sectors, are adjusted in the case of a uniaxial (vertical) radial compres- sion of shells. The preceding grain-scale experiments on the true shells made of baked clay serve as a reference. We determine the true range of the failure tensile load and its statistical Weibull distribu- tion. The user-specified parameters is then successfully validated in the case of radial compression of a horizontally constrained shell.Firstly, the macroscopic study of shell assemblies focuses on the experimental characterisation of the samples with a control of the initial state variables like a number density and a spatial arrangement of shells (shells orientations). 3D reconstruction from X-ray tomographies of the original coated shells samples extracted from the extrados of a tunnel segment help us to characterise the anisotropy of the shells orientation. This is a piece of valuable information to the generation the numerical samples of shells with relevant initial features. Secondly, a series of DEM oedometric tests on ⟨1 000 : 2 000⟩ shells is simulated. A parametric study successfully leads to the understanding of each internal state variable role. A well-chosen set of initial variables with properly adapted DEM parameters give the relevant predictive simulations for a final comparison with the experimental oedometer tests. Thanks to a discrete insight into the micromechanics, the evolutions of the breakage level, the orientation anisotropy and the local stresses exerted on the shells (and/or the fragments) are quantified during the compression. The breakage of the shells result in high compressibility of the material. Therefore, the mechanical response is seen as a consequence of the breakage evolution. Finally, an analytical model is suggested in order to predict the Stress↔Void ratio relationship knowing the initial state of the sample and the tensile strength of the constituents: the shells
Jambon-Puillet, Etienne. "Membranes plissées à la surface de l'eau : des films élastiques aux radeaux granulaires." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066369/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is concerned with the buckling of a model particle laden interface: a monolayer of dense, athermal particles at a planar liquid-fluid interface that we call a granular raft. Under compression granular rafts wrinkle and fold like elastic sheets. We investigate this buckling instability experimentally and theoretically for these two systems under the continuum mechanics framework. We first look at folds in custom made dense floating elastic sheets. We highlight the influence of the sheet's own weight in the fold formation and shape. Then we explore the regime of very large deformations, after the sheet contacts itself. Depending on the sheet density, the fold in self-contact either bends back toward the interface or sinks down toward the bottom of the tank. We then look at wrinkles and folds in granular rafts. Our experimental apparatus allows us to compress the rafts uniaxially and extract their morphology. As compression increases, we observe two distinct wrinkling patterns, then the deformations localise in a unique fold. We develop an elastic model that we solve numerically to predict the fold shape and size. We then highlight the limitations of the model and show that the granular nature of these rafts cannot always be neglected. Finally, we deposit water droplets on top of granular rafts. If the particles are hydrophobic and large enough, the raft can inhibit coalescence indefinitely via particle bridging. When we vary the size of these floating drops, they take unusual shapes which depend on the raft properties. These drops can then be encapsulated in a thin composite oil-particle layer leading to water droplets in water
Debœuf, Stéphanie. "Transitions et coexistence solide-liquide dans les matériaux granulaires." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202523.
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