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1
Zhu, Hongli, and Hong Zhou. "Single Machine Predictive Scheduling Using Inserted Idle Times." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/304808.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A single machine predictive scheduling problem is considered. The primary objective is to minimize the total completion times. The predictability of the schedule is measured by the completion time deviations between the predictive schedule and realized schedule. The surrogate measure of predictability is chosen to evaluate the completion time deviations. Both of the primary objective and predictability are optimized. In order to absorb the effects of disruptions, the predictive schedule is generated by inserting idle times. Right-shift rescheduling method is used as the rescheduling strategy. Three methods are designed to construct predictive schedules. The computational experiments show that these algorithms provide high predictability with minor sacrifices in shop performance.
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Marando, I., K. Lushington, R. Matthews, and S. Banks. "P073 The sleep, performance, and physiological health consequences of watchkeeping schedules: A scoping review." SLEEP Advances 3, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2022): A53—A54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac029.143.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Watchkeeping schedules are commonly used on submarines and expose personnel to circadian misalignment and sleep loss. This scoping review aimed to identify the most frequently investigated schedules and examine the effect they have on sleep, cognitive performance, and physiological health outcomes. Systematic searches took place on five online databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Embase) and Google Scholar in May 2022. The inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed journal articles, industry reports and both laboratory and field studies which directly measured or compared a watchkeeping schedule used on submarines. The initial search produced 4375 results and through screening, resulted in 20 mostly field-based studies for data extraction. Sleep was the most often outcome investigated with only a few studies looking at cognitive performance and/or physiological health. The 6h on/6h off was the most studied schedule which generally demonstrated poorer sleep, cognitive performance, and physiological health than other schedules (e.g., 4h on/8h off, 6h on/12h off). This is important as this schedule is the most frequently used by navies around the world. In other schedules, sleep and cognitive performance were poorest during the biological night, whilst physiological measures were indicative of circadian misalignment. The synthesis of studies in this review provides an understanding how the currently used watchkeeping schedules around the world negatively affect submariners and increase their risk for deleterious health outcomes. The review also highlights the need for future controlled research to understand how schedules might be improved.
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Ault, Pat, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Jeff Bryan, Hillary Prescot, Yesid Alvarado, Carmen Fava, and Jorge Cortes. "Clinical Use of Imatinib Plasma Levels in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4255.4255.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background: Imatinib plasma levels have been reported to correlate with response to therapy and possibly toxicity (Larson et al, Blood 2008; Picard et al, Blood 2007). These studies included patients taking standard dose, once daily imatinib. However, patients are frequently receiving imatinib at different doses and schedules that do not permit extrapolation of these results. Aims: To investigate the significance of plasma levels in patients receiving imatinib at various doses and schedules. Methods: Patients with CML in chronic (CP) or accelerated phase (AP) receiving imatinib at daily doses of 300 to 800 mg, on a once or twice daily schedule had their plasma levels measured. Patients were asked not to take imatinib the day of the assessment until after the levels were drawn. Plasma levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Imatinib plasma levels have been measured in 120 patients. Fifty-nine levels were trough levels: 35 on a once daily (QD) schedule (2 at 300mg/d, 25 at 400mg/d, 7 at 600mg/d 1 at 800mg/d) measured 24 hrs after last dose, and 24 on a twice daily (BID) schedule (16 at 800mg/d, 5 at 600mg/d, 3 at 400mg/d) measured 12 hrs after last dose. In 39 pts receiving once daily dosing, levels were measured 12 hrs after last dose as pts took imatinib in the evening because of convenience/better tolerance. Thirteen pts had levels measured at 18 hrs, and 9 at other times. Among pts with trough levels measured, median plasma levels were 1300 ng/ml (range, 388–3740). There was a strong correlation between dose and level (median in ng/ml: 943 for 300mg, 1190 for 400mg, 1310 fro 600mg, and 2180 for 800mg; p=0.0003). There was no correlation between plasma levels and gender (median in ng/mL for 28 female pts 1310, for 31 male 1300; p=0.46). Interestingly, pts receiving (n=7; 943ng/mL) concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitors had a trend for lower plasma levels than those not receiving such agents (n=52; 1335ng/ml) (p=0.06).Trough levels by response at time of assessment are shown in table 1: Response No. Median trough levels (ng/mL) p CCyR 52 1310 0.82 No CCyR 7 1240 MMR 31 1350 0.22 No MMR 28 1230 Regression analysis showed no correlation between plasma levels and age (p=0.58), BCR-ABL/transcript levels (p=0.50), neutrophil count (p=0.58), hemoglobin (0.74), or platelet count (0.47). Among 39 pts receiving QD schedule with measures at 12 hrs, median plasma levels were 1680 ng/mL (range, 600 to 3610). There was no correlation between levels and response in this group either. Repeat plasma levels were obtained in 25 pts (18 trough, 7 12 hr non-trough) with a median variability of 13.9%. Median plasma levels for pts measured 36–48 hrs after last dose were 388ng/ml (range, 280–418). Conclusion: Plasma levels measured in patients receiving different doses and schedules of administration in a common practice setting have no correlation with response or toxicity. Further studies are required to determine the applicability of imatinib plasma levels with different schedules of administration.
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Verbaeys, I., V. Tolle, Q. Swennen, P. Zizzari, J. Buyse, J. Epelbaum, and M. Cokelaere. "Scheduled feeding results in adipogenesis and increased acylated ghrelin." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 300, no. 6 (June 2011): E1103—E1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00551.2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ghrelin, known to stimulate adipogenesis, displays an endogenous secretory rhythmicity closely related to meal patterns. Therefore, a chronic imposed feeding schedule might induce modified ghrelin levels and consequently adiposity. Growing Wistar rats were schedule-fed by imposing a particular fixed feeding schedule of 3 meals/day without caloric restriction compared with total daily control intake. After 14 days, their body composition was measured by DEXA and compared with ad libitum-fed controls and to rats daily intraperitoneal injection with ghrelin. Feeding patterns, circadian activity, and pulsatile acylated ghrelin variations were monitored. After 14 days, rats on the imposed feeding schedule displayed, despite an equal daily calorie intake, a slower growth rate compared with ad libitum-fed controls. Moreover, schedule-fed rats exhibiting a feeding pattern with intermittent fasting periods had a higher fat/lean ratio compared with ad libitum-fed controls. Interestingly, ghrelin-treated rats also showed an increase in fat mass, but the fat/lean ratio was not significantly increased compared with controls. In the schedule-fed rats, spontaneous activity and acylated ghrelin levels were increased and associated with the scheduled meals, indicating anticipatory effects. Our results suggest that scheduled feeding, associated with intermittent fasting periods, even without nutrient/calorie restriction on a daily basis, results in adipogenesis. This repartitioning effect is associated with increased endogenous acylated ghrelin levels. This schedule-fed model points out the delicate role of meal frequency in adipogenesis and provides an investigative tool to clarify any effects of endogenous ghrelin without the need for ghrelin administration.
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Brockington, Ian, Anne Roper, Elaine Edmunds, Carol Kaufman, and Herbert Y. Meltzer. "A longitudinal psychopathological schedule." Psychological Medicine 22, no. 4 (November 1992): 1035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700038605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SynopsisA schedule is described for rating the symptoms of mental illness over a period of time which includes several episodes. The reliability was measured in a study involving six raters. The sources of information required were studied, in 20 patients, by comparing an interview with the patient, a similar interview with an informant and an analysis of the case records. A synopsis of interview and record data are necessary to obtain adequate information about longitudinal psychopathology and ‘lifetime’ diagnosis.
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D'Ilio, Victor R., and Frances A. Karnes. "Social Performance of Gifted Students as Measured by the Social Performance Survey Schedule." Psychological Reports 60, no. 2 (April 1987): 396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.60.2.396.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Few studies have investigated the relative contributions of both positive and negative behaviors in the social performance of intellectually gifted students. In the present study, the Social Performance Survey Schedule was administered to 80 gifted subjects in a special program. To determine whether the observed differences between boys and girls were significant, analysis of variance with repeated measures was performed on the Schedule Total, Part A, and Part B means. Consistent with previous research on the schedule, girls engaged in a greater number of positive social behaviors, engaged in fewer negative behaviors, and generally had higher over-all performance than boys. Suggestions were made concerning the implications of the findings for those who may have contact with gifted children in clinical or educational settings.
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Eastman, C. I., and K. J. Miescke. "Entrainment of circadian rhythms with 26-h bright light and sleep-wake schedules." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 259, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): R1189—R1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.6.r1189.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Subjects followed a 26-h sleep-wake schedule and were exposed to various light patterns while living at home exposed to the conflicting 24-h zeitgebers. In one protocol, a 26-h light pattern containing evening bright light was compared with a natural-light-only pattern. In another protocol, the evening-light pattern was compared with a morning-light pattern. Rectal temperature was continuously measured. Sleep times were estimated from daily sleep logs. The sleep times of most subjects conformed fairly well to the 26-h sleep-wake schedule, although the evening-light condition produced slightly better results. A larger proportion of subjects had their temperature rhythm entrained to the 26-h schedule during the evening-light condition than during the morning-light or natural-light conditions. Entrainment to the 26-h schedule was achieved in 74% (14/19) of the subjects tested in the evening-light condition. This study shows that non-24-h bright light and sleep-wake schedules can be used to phase shift and entrain human circadian rhythms, despite the presence of the conflicting 24-h zeitgebers.
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Lu, S., E. Klerman, J. Stone, A. McHill, L. Barger, A. Sano, C. Czeisler, S. Rajaratnam, and A. Phillips. "P086 The organization of sleep-wake patterns around daily schedules in college students." SLEEP Advances 2, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): A49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A potential contributor to insufficient sleep among college students is their daily schedule, with sleep sacrificed for other waking activities. We investigated how daily schedules predict day-to-day sleep-wake timing in college students. 223 undergraduate college students (M±SD = 19.2±1.4 years, 37% females) attending a Massachusetts university in the US between 2013–2016 were monitored for approximately 30 days during semester. Sleep-wake timing was measured using daily online sleep diaries and wrist-actigraphy. Daily schedules were measured using daily online diaries that included self-reported timing and duration of academic, exercise-based, and extracurricular activities, and duration of self-study. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between sleep-wake patterns and daily schedules at both the between-person and within-person levels. An earlier start time of the first-reported activity predicted earlier sleep onset (between and within: p<.001) and shorter total sleep time (within: p<.001) for the previous night, as well as earlier wake onset on the corresponding day (between and within: p<.001). A later end time of the last-reported activity predicted later sleep onset (within: p=.002) and shorter total sleep time (within: p=.02) on that night. A more intense daily schedule (i.e., greater total duration of reported activities) predicted an earlier wake onset time (between: p=.003, within: p<.001), a later sleep onset time (within: p<.001), a shortened total night-time sleep duration (between: p=.03, within: p<.001), and greater sleep efficiency (within: p<.001). These results indicate that college students may organize their sleep and wake times based on their daily schedule.
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Connon, William. "The Origin of the Composite Wheeled Vehicle, Two-Wheeled Trailer, and Tracked Vehicle Vibration Schedules in MIL-STD-810D/E." Journal of the IEST 40, no. 2 (March 31, 1997): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.40.2.31144kv5212xk5x8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the early and mid-1980s, a concerted effort was made at the Aberdeen Test Center (then Combat Systems Test Activity) to collect vibration data on a wide variety of vehicles to create laboratory vibration test schedules. The initial schedules were published in MIL-STD-810D and were updated for publication in MIL-STD-810E and ITOP (International Test Operations Procedure) 1-2-601. Although the vehicles used for schedule development are listed in the documents and a test scenario is described, little information has been published describing how the test levels compare with the actual measured levels and how the test courses used compare with the terrain likely to be encountered in the vehicle's normal operation. This paper describes the data acquisition and analysis efforts to show where and how measurements were made and how the final test levels relate to the actual measured levels. It will also describe the test courses used and show how they relate to "civilian sector" conditions such as operation on an unpaved road. The purpose of the paper is to provide an understanding of the physical severity represented by the test procedures used and the amount of conservatism and level exaggeration (to reduce test time) built into the schedule development process.
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Hussain, Sara J., and Susanne M. Morton. "Perturbation schedule does not alter retention of a locomotor adaptation across days." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 12 (June 15, 2014): 2414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00570.2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Motor adaptation in response to gradual vs. abrupt perturbation schedules may involve different neural mechanisms, potentially leading to different levels of motor memory. However, no study has investigated whether perturbation schedules alter memory of a locomotor adaptation across days. We measured adaptation and retention (memory) of altered interlimb symmetry during walking in two groups of participants over 2 days. On day 1, participants adapted to either a single, large perturbation (abrupt schedule) or a series of small perturbations that increased in size over time (gradual schedule). Retention was examined on day 2. On day 1, initial swing time and foot placement symmetry error sizes differed between groups but overall adaptation magnitudes were similar. On day 2, participants in both groups showed similar retention, readaptation, and aftereffect sizes, although there were some trends for improved memory in the abrupt group. These results conflict with previous data but are consistent with newer studies reporting no behavioral differences following adaptation using abrupt vs. gradual schedules. Although memory levels were very similar between groups, we cannot rule out the possibility that the neural mechanisms underlying this memory storage differ. Overall, it appears that adaptation of locomotor patterns via abrupt and gradual perturbation schedules produces similar expression of locomotor memories across days.
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Hong, David, Jeffrey Infante, Filip Janku, Suzanne Jones, Ly M. Nguyen, Howard A. Burris, Aung Naing, et al. "Phase I Study of LY2606368, a Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 15 (May 20, 2016): 1764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.64.5788.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The primary objective was to determine safety, toxicity, and a recommended phase II dose regimen of LY2606368, an inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1, as monotherapy. Patients and Methods This phase I, nonrandomized, open-label, dose-escalation trial used a 3 + 3 dose-escalation scheme and included patients with advanced solid tumors. Intravenous LY2606368 was dose escalated from 10 to 50 mg/m2 on schedule 1 (days 1 to 3 every 14 days) or from 40 to 130 mg/m2 on schedule 2 (day 1 every 14 days). Safety measures and pharmacokinetics were assessed, and pharmacodynamics were measured in blood, hair follicles, and circulating tumor cells. Results Forty-five patients were treated; seven experienced dose-limiting toxicities (all hematologic). The maximum-tolerated doses (MTDs) were 40 mg/m2 (schedule 1) and 105 mg/m2 (schedule 2). The most common related grade 3 or 4 treatment-emergent adverse events were neutropenia, leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and fatigue. Grade 4 neutropenia occurred in 73.3% of patients and was transient (typically < 5 days). Febrile neutropenia incidence was low (7%). The LY2606368 exposure over the first 72 hours (area under the curve from 0 to 72 hours) at the MTD for each schedule coincided with the exposure in mouse xenografts that resulted in maximal tumor responses. Minor intra- and intercycle accumulation of LY2606368 was observed at the MTDs for both schedules. Two patients (4.4%) had a partial response; one had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anus and one had SCC of the head and neck. Fifteen patients (33.3%) had a best overall response of stable disease (range, 1.2 to 6.7 months), six of whom had SCC. Conclusion An LY2606368 dose of 105 mg/m2 once every 14 days is being evaluated as the recommended phase II dose in dose-expansion cohorts for patients with SCC.
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Adamson, P. C., J. Bailey, J. Pluda, D. G. Poplack, S. Bauza, R. F. Murphy, R. Yarchoan, and F. M. Balis. "Pharmacokinetics of all-trans-retinoic acid administered on an intermittent schedule." Journal of Clinical Oncology 13, no. 5 (May 1995): 1238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1995.13.5.1238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PURPOSE Administration of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on a continuous daily schedule results in a rapid and sustained decrease in plasma drug concentrations. This pharmacokinetic study was performed to determine if administration of ATRA on an intermittent schedule could overcome the rapid decrease in plasma drug concentration and provide repetitive periods of higher plasma drug exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS ATRA was administered on repetitive cycles of 7 consecutive days of drug followed by 7 days without drug. On the days of pharmacokinetic monitoring, following an overnight fast, a fixed single oral dose of 40 mg/m2 was administered and frequent plasma samples were obtained over 8 hours. Patients had pharmacokinetic studies performed on the first and seventh days of the first week, and on the first day of the third and eleventh weeks. ATRA was measured in plasma with a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. RESULTS Plasma exposure to ATRA as measured by the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) decreased significantly during the first week of drug administration, from a mean of 145 +/- 26 mumol/L.min on day 1 to 18 +/- 4 mumol/L.min by day 7. Plasma ATRA concentrations at the start of weeks 3 and 11 of this every-other-week schedule were equivalent to those achieved on day 1 of treatment, with mean AUCs of 177 +/- 39 and 128 +/- 30 mumol/L.min, respectively. CONCLUSION An intermittent schedule of ATRA administration results in repetitive periods of exposure to concentrations of ATRA normally only observed on the first day of treatment. Phase II trials to evaluate the role of intermittent schedules of administration for ATRA are planned.
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Geckeler, Amy S., Myrna E. Libby, Richard B. Graff, and William H. Ahearn. "EFFECTS OF REINFORCER CHOICE MEASURED IN SINGLE-OPERANT AND CONCURRENT-SCHEDULE PROCEDURES." Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 33, no. 3 (September 2000): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2000.33-347.
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Fanney, A. Hunter, Eric R. Weise, and Kenneth R. Henderson. "Measured Impact of a Rooftop Photovoltaic System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 125, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1591799.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A 35-kW rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system has been installed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The system, located on the flat roof that connects NIST’s Administration Building to its adjoining conference and cafeteria facilities, produced NIST’s first site-generated renewable energy on September 14, 2001. In addition to providing electrical energy and reducing monthly peak electrical loads, the rear surface of each module is laminated to 51 mm of extruded polystyrene enhancing the thermal performance of the roof. A unique ballast system secures the photovoltaic system, eliminating the need for roof penetrations. An instrumentation and data acquisition package was installed to record the ambient temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, and the electrical energy delivered to the grid. Additional solar radiation instruments were installed after determining that the original solar radiation sensor was influenced by reflections from the south-facing wall of the Administration Building’s tower. NIST’s electric utility billing schedule includes energy and peak demand charges. The generation charges vary significantly depending upon the time interval—off-peak, intermediate, and on-peak—during which the energy is consumed. The schedule is divided into summer billing months (June–October) and winter billing months (November–May). During the winter billing months, the distribution, transmission, and generation peak demand charges are based on the greatest power demand imposed by the site on the grid. During the summer billing months, an additional demand charge is imposed to capture electrical demand during the on-peak time interval. This paper summarizes the monthly and annual measured performance of the photovoltaic system. The monthly energy produced by the system is tabulated. The system has provided 35676 kWh of electrical energy during its first year of operation. Conversion efficiencies—computed using solar radiation measurements from a single photovoltaic cell radiation sensor, four thermopile-based radiation sensors located around the perimeter of the photovoltaic array, and a remotely located thermopile-based radiation sensor—are presented. Annual conversion efficiencies of 10.8%, 8.8%, and 7.4% were achieved using cell, module, and foot print areas, respectively. Using the electric utility’s rate schedule, the monetary savings credited to the photovoltaic system is determined by combining the cost of the displaced energy with the reduction in peak demand charges attributable to the photovoltaic system. During its first year of operation, the system has saved $2678 with savings in demand charges, essentially equivalent to savings as a result of displaced energy. Finally, using utility provided data and the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Environmental Benefits Calculator, estimates are made of the avoided emissions of the photovoltaic system over its projected life span.
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Patel, Chirag G., Mayank Patel, Arijit Chakravarty, Esha A. Gangolli, Elly Barry, Eric H. Westin, Katti Jessen, et al. "Clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) and translational PK-pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling and simulation to predict antitumor response of various dosing schedules to guide the selection of a recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and schedule for the investigational agent MLN0128." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.2567.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
2567 Background: MLN0128 (INK128) is an investigational oral, potent, and highly selective inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and 2 (mTORC1/2) currently in clinical investigation. In the phase1 study INK128-001, MLN0128 was administered once daily (QD), once weekly (QW), QDx3D/week, and QDx5D/week, with respective MTDs of 6, 40, 16, and 10 mg. To guide selection of dose/schedule for further investigation, PD modulation in skin (pS6, p4EBP1, pNDRG1, pPRAS40) was put into context of clinical PK in INK128-001. A preclinical translational dynamic-PK efficacy model was used to describe the relationship and determine PK drivers of efficacy in tumor xenograft models. This model was implemented using human PK parameters to predict tumor volume-time curves, which was utilized to help determine the optimal MLN0128 dose/schedule. Methods: Phoenix NLME v1.1 was used for compartmental modeling of clinical and preclinical PK data, and modeling the preclinical PK-efficacy relationship of MLN0128. PD activity in skin was measured by immunohistochemistry, reported as H scores. Tumor growth curves were simulated using NONMEM v7.2; predicted tumor growth curves were plotted in S-Plus v8.1. Results: Clinical skin PD data suggests exposure dependent inhibition of pS6, and p4EBP1. A two compartment PK model adequately described the PK characteristics of MLN0128 [mean (%CV) ka: ~5.305 h-1 (114), k12: ~0.490 h-1(85), k21: ~0.67 h-1(69), V/F: ~180 L (44), Tlag: 0.317 h (73)]. Simulation of human tumor volume-time curves suggest efficacy is dependent on schedule and that MLN0128 administered in more frequent schedules (QD, QDx5D) provides stronger antitumor effect vs less frequent schedules (QW, QDx3D). Conclusions: The results indicate that per unit MLN0128 plasma exposure, QD and QDx5D may be optimal in comparison with QDx3D and QW dosing. However, these results will also need to be put into context with the overall safety profile and respective MTDs and RP2Ds for each schedule with their resultant achievable total cycle dose by schedule. Clinical trial information: NCT01058707.
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ABREU, CLAUDIO F., JERROLD H. MAY, WILLIAM E. SPANGLER, and LUIS G. VARGAS. "CONFLICT IDENTIFICATION AND RECONCILIATION IN A COLLABORATIVE MANUFACTURING SCHEDULING TASK." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 07, no. 01 (March 2008): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622008002855.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We studied the process of production scheduling in a large chemical plant. Scheduling in that environment is inherently a group process because multiple experts are needed to construct a schedule and to manage its execution. A mathematical formulation of the production scheduling problem yields a mixed-integer linear programming model too large to solve in a reasonable time with current technology. We therefore use an intelligent decision support system (DSS) to heuristically find a satisficing solution to the production scheduling problem. Our DSS is based on a model of the collaborative nature of the task, and it focuses on the communication, argumentation, and reconciliation strategies undertaken by individuals. Using actual production schedules, we show that our DSS can lead to measurable improvements over humanly-designed plans, where the quality of the schedule is measured using the objective function of the mathematical formulation of the problem.
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Karnes, Frances A., and Victor D'Ilio. "Student Leaders and Social Performance as Measured by the Social Performance Survey Schedule." Psychological Reports 65, no. 3 (December 1989): 961–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.3.961.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a paucity of research on the social skills of student leaders, although studies have been conducted on other groups of students and adults. In this study, the Social Performance Survey Schedule was administered to 114 student leaders in Grades 6 to 11. Consistent with previous research applying the survey on diverse populations, girls engaged in more positive social behaviors, fewer negative behaviors, and had higher over-all performance than boys. Suggestions for those who may have contact with such students were made.
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Norris, Megan, Luc Lecavalier, and Michael C. Edwards. "The Structure of Autism Symptoms as Measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 42, no. 6 (August 20, 2011): 1075–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1348-0.
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Chim, H. Q., Mirjam G. A. oude Egbrink, Pascal W. M. Van Gerven, Renate H. M. de Groot, Bjorn Winkens, and Hans H. C. M. Savelberg. "Academic Schedule and Day-to-Day Variations in Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity of University Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 19, 2020): 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082810.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Students starting at university tend to adopt unhealthy behaviors. With students expected to sit during classes, their academic schedule may be responsible for their activity patterns. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between university students’ academic schedule and day-to-day variations in sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA). The activity of 317 first-year undergraduate students (mean age 19.6 ± 1.4 years, 69.4% female, 30.0% male, and 0.6% other) was measured with the activPAL3™ triaxial monitor for seven consecutive days. Each class hour was found to be associated with 9.0 additional minutes of SB (95% CI [4.9, 13.1]), 54 additional seconds of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA; 95% CI [12, 96]), and 12.2 min less time in bed (95% CI [−16.6, −7.8]). Active SB ratio (total duration of SB bouts < 30 min divided by total SB duration) decreased by 0.011 per hour of class scheduled for the students (95% CI [−0.016, −0.006]). Light PA (LPA) was not significantly associated with class duration. Students tend to cycle more on days with classes. Seated transportation was not significantly related to whether the students had classes or not. Overall, the academic schedule is associated with SB and PA in students.
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Berg, Bjorn P., S. Ayca Erdogan, Jennifer Mason Lobo, and Kathryn Pendleton. "A Method for Balancing Provider Schedules in Outpatient Specialty Clinics." MDM Policy & Practice 5, no. 2 (July 2020): 238146832096306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381468320963063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Variability in outpatient specialty clinic schedules contributes to numerous adverse effects including chaotic clinic settings, provider burnout, increased patient waiting times, and inefficient use of resources. This research measures the benefit of balancing provider schedules in an outpatient specialty clinic. Design. We developed a constrained optimization model to minimize the variability in provider schedules in an outpatient specialty clinic. Schedule variability was defined as the variance in the number of providers scheduled for clinic during each hour the clinic is open. We compared the variance in the number of providers scheduled per hour resulting from the constrained optimization schedule with the actual schedule for three reference scenarios used in practice at M Health Fairview’s Clinics and Surgery Center as a case study. Results. Compared to the actual schedules, use of constrained optimization modeling reduced the variance in the number of providers scheduled per hour by 92% (1.70–0.14), 88% (1.98–0.24), and 94% (1.98–0.12). When compared with the reference scenarios, the total, and per provider, assigned clinic hours remained the same. Use of constrained optimization modeling also reduced the maximum number of providers scheduled during each of the actual schedules for each of the reference scenarios. The constrained optimization schedules utilized 100% of the available clinic time compared to the reference scenario schedules where providers were scheduled during 87%, 92%, and 82% of the open clinic time, respectively. Limitations. The scheduling model’s use requires a centralized provider scheduling process in the clinic. Conclusions. Constrained optimization can help balance provider schedules in outpatient specialty clinics, thereby reducing the risk of negative effects associated with highly variable clinic settings.
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Ramanathan, Ramesh K., Merrill J. Egorin, Charles Erlichman, Scot C. Remick, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Cynthia Naret, Julianne L. Holleran, Cynthia J. TenEyck, S. Percy Ivy, and Chandra P. Belani. "Phase I Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, an Inhibitor of Heat-Shock Protein 90, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 9 (March 20, 2010): 1520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.25.0415.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeTo define the maximum tolerated dose, toxicities, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17DMAG).Methods17DMAG was given intravenously over 1 hour daily for 5 days (schedule A) or daily for 3 days (schedule B) every 3 weeks. Plasma 17DMAG concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and client proteins were evaluated at baseline and after treatment on day 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in pre- and post-treatment (24 hours) biopsies done during cycle 1 at the recommended phase II dose (n = 7).ResultsFifty-six patients were entered: 26 on schedule A; 30 on schedule B. The recommended phase II doses for schedules A and B were 16 mg/m2and 25 mg/m2, respectively. Grade 3/4 toxicities included liver function test elevation (14%), pneumonitis (9%), diarrhea (4%), nausea (4%), fatigue (4%) and thrombocytopenia (4%). There were no objective responses. Four patients had stable disease. 17DMAG half-life was 24 ± 15 hours. 17DMAG area under the curve (range, 0.7 to 14.7 mg/mL × h) increased linearly with dose. The median HSP90, HSP70, and integrin-linked kinase levels were 87.5% (n = 14), 124% (n = 20), and 99.5% (n = 20) of baseline. Changes in HSPs and client proteins in tumor biopsies were not consistent between baseline and 24 hours nor did they change in the same direction as those in PBMCs collected at the time of biopsy.ConclusionThe recommended phase II doses of 17DMAG (16 mg/m2× 5 days or 25 mg/m2× 3 days, every 3 weeks) are well tolerated and suitable for further evaluation.
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Fennelly, D., C. Aghajanian, F. Shapiro, C. O'Flaherty, M. McKenzie, C. O'Connor, W. Tong, L. Norton, and D. Spriggs. "Phase I and pharmacologic study of paclitaxel administered weekly in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 15, no. 1 (January 1997): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.1.187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PURPOSE Paclitaxel has shown significant activity in advanced ovarian cancer. In vitro studies with paclitaxel have suggested that fractionated brief infusion schedules may be more effective than the standard 24-hour infusion. We commenced a phase I evaluation of escalating-dose paclitaxel (40, 50, 60, 80, 100 mg/m2) administered weekly as a 1-hour infusion in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. All patients had received prior paclitaxel and cisplatin therapy. All patients received standard premedication. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighteen patients are assessable on this phase I study. The mean age was 54 years (range, 48 to 74). The median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was three (range, two to five). The mean paclitaxel-free interval was 10.1 months (range, 1 to 24). RESULTS A total of 194 cycles of therapy were administered, with a mean of 10 (range, one to 12) per patient. No mucositis or grade III neuropathy was seen. Alopecia occurred in one out of 18 assessable patients. The mean neutrophil nadir was 4.0 x 10(9)/L. At the top dose level (100 mg/m2) delivered, dose-intensity was 90.75% of that planned and greater than two fold the standard dose-intensity. Partial responses were seen in four of 13 assessable patients (30%). Two patients with progression of disease on standard three-week paclitaxel schedules switched to a weekly schedule with demonstrated response. Increasing paclitaxel dose correlated with measured area under the curve (AUC) (R2 = .614). Dose-limiting toxicity was reached at 100 mg/m2 with two of three patients experiencing a treatment delay, thus defining a maximum-tolerated dose of 80 mg/m2 in this group of heavily pretreated patients on this weekly schedule. CONCLUSION (1) Paclitaxel administered as a 1-hour infusion is well tolerated; (2) this schedule of administration does not result in cumulative myelosuppression; and (3) this schedule of administration results in dose-intensive paclitaxel delivery with a favorable toxicity profile.
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Overduin, Lisanne A., Patrick H. P. Soentjens, Jelle J. Goeman, Magdalena A. Berkowska, Jacques J. M. van Dongen, and Leo G. Visser. "Redefining Non-Inferiority in Anamnestic Antibody Responses Using the Mean Increase of Log-Transformed Antibody Titers after Revaccination: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Rabies Vaccination Trial." Vaccines 8, no. 4 (December 2, 2020): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040721.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Non-inferiority in the anamnestic antibody response is conventionally determined by comparing seroconversion rates after revaccination. However, this approach is inadequate in the case of high pre-booster antibody titers. Therefore, we propose an alternative method to determine non-inferiority of booster responses. We used anonymized data from a randomized controlled trial (NCT01388985; EudraCT 2011-001612-62) in 500 adults, comparing a two-visit primary vaccination schedule (two intradermal 0.1 mL rabies vaccine doses on day 0 and 7) with a three-visit schedule (single intradermal 0.1 mL dose on day 0, 7, and 28). Participants were revaccinated intradermally (single dose) 1 to 3 years later. Rabies virus neutralizing antibody titers were measured on day 0 and 7 after revaccination. After log3-transformation of antibody titers, the mean increase in titers after revaccination was compared between schedules. Non-inferiority was defined as the lower bound of the two-sided 95% confidence interval not exceeding −0.369. Four hundred and ten participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean increase in log3 titer was 2.21 and 2.31 for the two-visit and three-visit schedule, respectively. The difference between these increases was −0.10 [−0.28, 0.08], meeting the non-inferiority criterion. In conclusion, comparing mean increases in log-transformed titers after revaccination appears to be a feasible and more informative method of studying non-inferiority regarding the anamnestic antibody response.
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Hidayat, Anton. "Alat Pengatur Takaran Pakan Ikan Otomatis menggunakan metoda fuzzy dengan sensor suhu dan pH." Elektron : Jurnal Ilmiah 12, no. 1 (May 14, 2020): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/eji.12.1.144.
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Busy activities such as work, out of town, holidays with family make it difficult to feed fish done well because farmers can not always be near the pond. In addition to the erratic weather that can reduce the quality of pond water so that the dose of feed must be adjusted again from the normal dose. Fish feed can be done automatically by making feeder equipment scheduled and measured using RTC, keypad and LCD as an interface with the user. And measured using a screw rotation and encoder in order to know the number of thread rotation is done. After testing, it was found that this tool can provide fish feed on schedule with an average dose of 302.6 g per 100 thread turns with a lot of feed errors coming out by 1.03% in an interval of 5.77 seconds.
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Beckes, Lane, Kailey Simons, Danielle Lewis, Anthony Le, and Weston Edwards. "Desperately Seeking Support." Social Psychological and Personality Science 8, no. 2 (October 5, 2016): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550616671402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Much is unknown about adult attachment style formation. We investigate whether negative reinforcement schedules promote hallmark features of secure and anxious attachment styles in a shock threat support-seeking paradigm. Participants ostensibly asked for help from another participant seated in another room. Each time a shock threat signal appeared they were to press a button to indicate their need for help. The supporter could then stop the imminent shock. The reliability of the supporters was varied such that some supporters were consistent (continuous reinforcement) whereas others were inconsistent (variable ratio reinforcement). Results indicated that inconsistently responsive others, reinforcing on a variable ratio schedule, led to heightened approach-related attentional biases toward the supporter, measured by event-related potentials, increased positive attachment associations with the supporter, implicitly measured via a lexical decision task, and more negative explicit evaluations of the supporter.
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Shevchuk, Andrey, Denis Strebkov, and Shannon N. Davis. "The Autonomy Paradox: How Night Work Undermines Subjective Well-Being of Internet-Based Freelancers." ILR Review 72, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793918767114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nonstandard work schedules have important consequences for workers in the new economy. Using unique data on the work times of Internet-based freelancers, specifically, self-employed professionals participating in a Russian-language online labor market ( N = 4,280), the authors find that working at night has adverse effects on workers’ subjective well-being as measured by satisfaction with work–life balance, life satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion. Night work has differential effects on freelancers’ well-being based on gender, partnership status, and caregiving responsibilities. Highlighting the autonomy paradox, the authors’ findings document how freelancers’ discretionary application of a flexible schedule to work at night consequently undermines their well-being.
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Slevin, M. L., P. I. Clark, S. P. Joel, S. Malik, R. J. Osborne, W. M. Gregory, D. G. Lowe, R. H. Reznek, and P. F. Wrigley. "A randomized trial to evaluate the effect of schedule on the activity of etoposide in small-cell lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 7, no. 9 (September 1989): 1333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1989.7.9.1333.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Etoposide is an increasingly used and well-tolerated drug in cancer medicine. Its cytotoxic action is phase-specific and it has demonstrated schedule dependency in both in vitro and animal studies, but clinical evidence of the importance of drug scheduling is uncertain. The two administration schedules of etoposide that have been compared in this randomized study of 39 patients with previously untreated extensive small-cell lung cancer treated with single-agent etoposide were 500 mg/m2 as a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion over 24 hours or five consecutive daily 2-hour infusions each of 100 mg/m2. Both regimens were repeated every 3 weeks, for a maximum of six cycles. Patients received combination chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) or radiotherapy on failure to respond or at relapse, depending on their Karnofsky performance status. The same therapy was used in both arms of the study. All patients are evaluable for response to etoposide. In the 24-hour arm, two patients achieved a partial remission, resulting in an overall response rate of 10%. In the 5-day schedule, 16 patients had a partial response and one had a complete remission, producing an overall response rate of 89%, which was significantly superior to that in the 24-hour arm (P less than .001). The median duration of remission to etoposide in the 5-day arm was 4.5 months. Bone marrow toxicity was similar in both schedules. Etoposide pharmacokinetics were measured in all patients, and total areas under the concentration versus time curves (AUCs) were equivalent in both regimens. This study has clearly demonstrated the importance of etoposide scheduling in humans, and the superiority of five daily infusions over a 24-hour continuous infusion. The response rate to single-agent etoposide using an efficacious schedule in extensive small-cell lung cancer has been determined to be in excess of 80%.
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Breslin, Casey M., and Mary E. Rudisill. "The Effect of Visual Supports on Performance of the TGMD-2 for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 28, no. 4 (October 2011): 342–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.28.4.342.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of visual supports on the performance of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants (N = 22) performed the TGMD-2 under three different protocols (traditional protocol, picture task card protocol, and picture activity schedule protocol). Gross motor quotient scores on the TGMD-2 were measured and statistically analyzed using a within-subjects repeated-measures ANOVA. Results indicated statistically significant differences between protocols, while post hoc tests indicated that the picture task card condition produced significantly higher gross motor quotient scores than the traditional protocol and the picture activity schedule. The results suggest that more accurate gross motor quotient scores on the TGMD-2 by children with ASD can be elicited using the picture task card protocol.
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Шмырин, А. М., Н. М. Мишачев, and И. И. Супрунов. "NEIGHBORHOOD MODELING FOR COMMULATIVE PROCESSING OF MEASURED STOCHASTIC DATA FLOW." СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, no. 2(84) (March 1, 2021): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.84.2.004.
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В статье обсуждается предложенная авторами окрестностная модель конвейерной обработки движущегося протяженного объекта с измеряемыми на входе стохастическими свойствами. Эта модель интерпретируется как задача управления по возмущению в теории дискретных динамических систем и предлагается алгоритм динамического генерирования расписания для последовательного аддитивного действия узлов конвейера на протяженный объект. The article discusses the proposed neighborhood model of sequential processing of a moving extended object with stochastic properties measured at the input. This model is interpreted as an input-disturbance control problem in the theory of discrete dynamical systems, and an algorithm for generating a schedule for the sequential additive action of the conveyor nodes on an extended object is proposed.
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Wu, Guo Feng, Qian Lang, Shu Ping Song, and Jun Wen Pu. "Impregnation and Drying Schedule of Eucalyptus Wood." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.860.
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The aim of this research was to define a rapid and simple test that would indicate the probable performance of a pretreated wood species in a hot-press drying process and the kiln schedule. The drying rate (mass/time) and the remaining mass of water were measured at different moisture intervals. The moisture of timber decreased rapidly and the drying rate was 3.7% per day in the early five days. The timbers were B grade after drying used the hot-press drying kiln in 16 days. The moisture content of timber reached 9.20% after the drying process with the standard deviation of 0.92%. The gradient of the moisture content was 3.40%. The moisture content standard deviation in the thickness of timber was 2.70% and the residual stress was 1.38%. The mechanical properties of impregnation wood improve significantly compared to the untreated wood. The basic density of impregnation wood improved by 17.1%, the over-dried density increased to 0.55 g·cm-3 from 0.49 g·cm-3. The scanning electron microscopy explained the wood modifier has been permeated into the wood fiber which reacted with the wood composition.
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Holmlund, Ulla. "Change and stability of masculinity‐femininity from adolescence to adulthood in a sample of Swedish women." European Journal of Personality 6, no. 3 (September 1992): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410060306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A female sample (N = 349) was administered the Attitude Interest Schedule (AIS) and the Cesarec‐Marke Personality Schedule (CMPS) at the ages of 15 and 25. It was found that during adolescence subjects change towards a more conservative feminine self‐image. Differential stability, based on the AIS scores, was substantial. Masculinity‐femininity appeared to be related to needs as measured by the CMPS. Masculinity was related positively to instrumental needs and negatively to expressive needs.
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Zimmermann, Petra, Kirsten P. Perrett, Guy Berbers, and Nigel Curtis. "Persistence of pneumococcal antibodies after primary immunisation with a polysaccharide–protein conjugate vaccine." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 7 (February 22, 2019): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionDespite immunisation, antibiotics and intensive care management, infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The WHO currently recommends vaccinating infants with either a 3+0 schedule (6 weeks, 3–4 and 4–6 months of age) or 2+1 schedule (2 doses before 6 months of age, plus a booster dose at 9–15 months of age). This study investigated pneumococcal antibody responses, including persistence of antibodies, after immunisation of healthy infants with a 3+0 schedule.MethodsWe measured pneumococcal antibody concentrations to all 13 antigens included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) after immunisation with a 3+0 schedule in 91 infants at 7 months and in 311 infants at 13 months of age. The geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and the proportion of infants with an antibody concentration above the standard threshold correlate of protection (seroprotection rate) were calculated at both time points.ResultsAt 7 months of age, GMCs varied between 0.52 µg/mLand 11.52 µg/mL, and seroprotection rates varied between 69% and 100%. At 13 months of age, GMCs had decreased to between 0.22 µg/mLand 3.09 µg/mL, with the lowest responses against serotype 4, followed by 19A, 3, 6B and 23F. Seroprotection rates at 13 months of age were below 90% for most serotypes, with the lowest rates for serotype 4 (23%) followed by 19A (50%), 23F (61%) and 6B (64%).ConclusionOur study shows that at 13 months of age, many infants vaccinated with a 3+0 schedule have pneumococcal antibody concentrations below the standard threshold correlate of protection. To optimise protection against pneumococcal disease through early childhood and to improve antibody persistence and indirect protective effects, immunisation schedules with booster doses might be necessary.
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Strubbe, J. H. "Parasympathetic involvement in rapid meal-associated conditioned insulin secretion in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 263, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): R615—R618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.3.r615.
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Blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured in blood sampled via a cardiac catheter in freely moving rats. To obtain a rapid conditioned cephalic phase of insulin secretion, rats were habituated to one of two feeding schedules. Clock-activated opening of doors in front of the food hopper imposed a feeding schedule of either six meals per day or two meals per day. When the doors were opened in both conditions, insulin increased rapidly during the first minute of feeding in the middle of the light phase. However, when presented an empty food hopper immediately after door opening, only rats in the two meal per day condition showed raised insulin levels and not rats in the six meal per day condition. This response was abolished following pharmacological blockade of nicotinic receptors with hexamethonium and muscarinic receptors with atropine. The present study shows that rapid conditioned insulin secretion can be evoked within one minute by a meal-associated stimulus. These results further indicate that this conditioned insulin secretion is vagally mediated and that its occurrence is dependent on the nature of the feeding schedule.
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Garcia-Manero, Guillermo, H. Jean Khoury, Gautam Borthakur, Farhad Ravandi, Tapan Kadia, Zeev Estrov, Elias Jabbour, et al. "A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study of the Novel KSP Inhibitor ARRY-520 in Advanced Leukemias." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2047.2047.
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Abstract Abstract 2047 Poster Board II-24 Introduction: The mitotic kinesin spindle protein (KSP) is required for the assembly of a normal bipolar spindle and cell cycle progression through mitosis. ARRY-520 is a potent, selective inhibitor of KSP that arrests cells in mitosis forming an abnormal monopolar spindle with subsequent onset of apoptosis. ARRY 520 has shown potent activity in preclinical models of hematological malignancies which support clinical investigation of this novel targeted antimitotic therapy in patients with leukemias. ARRY-520 was evaluated in a Phase 1 trial, administered as an intravenous (IV) infusion on Day 1 or on Days 1, 3 and 5 in patients with advanced/refractory leukemias. Objectives: The primary objectives of this study were to establish the safety and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ARRY-520 when given as a 1-hour infusion in either a single dose or on a Days 1, 3 and 5 divided-dose schedule per cycle. Secondary objectives were to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ARRY-520 when given on these schedules, to assess evidence of preliminary clinical activity, and to explore potential biomarkers of KSP inhibition. Methods: ARRY-520 was administered as a 1-hour IV infusion as a single dose per cycle or on a divided dose schedule, in a “3 + 3” Phase 1 design. PK analyses for ARRY-520 were performed on plasma samples collected during Cycle 1 and Cycle 2. Results: A total of 33 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and with a median age of 66 years (range 21-88 yrs) were enrolled: 15 in the single-dose schedule (dose levels 2.5, 3.75, 4.5 and 5.6 mg/m2) and 18 in the divided dose schedule (dose levels 0.8, 1.2, 1.5 and 1.8 mg/m2/day). All but one patient had disease refractory to and/or relapsed from prior therapy with a median of 4 prior regimens (range 0-7). The MTD was 4.5 mg/m2 for the single-dose schedule with the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of Grade 3 mucositis and was 1.5 mg/m2/day (cumulative dose per cycle of 4.5 mg/m2) for the divided dose schedule, with DLTs of Grade 3 mucositis, hand-foot syndrome and hyperbilirubinemia. ARRY-520 was well tolerated at the MTD and doses below. At the MTD, Grades 3 or 4 reversible drug-related leukopenia were observed in 4/8 evaluable patients (Grade 0 or 1 WBC at baseline) with a median nadir occurring on Day 7. In both schedules ARRY-520 showed promising signs of clinical activity as measured by significant decreases in leukemic blasts in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow. Four of 33 patients (12%) showed at least 50% reduction in bone marrow blasts and 12/33 patients (36%) showed > 1 log reduction in blasts in the peripheral blood. Preliminary plasma PK analyses revealed increasing ARRY-520 concentrations with increasing dose, a mean terminal t1/2 of ∼90 hours, with clearance values ranging from 1.6 to 8.0 L/hr. Conclusions: ARRY-520 showed promising signs of clinical activity and has been well tolerated in both schedules investigated in patients with AML. The most prominent DLTs were mucositis and hand-foot syndrome. The MTD was determined to be the same total dose per cycle for the single-dose and the divided-dose schedule. Data including the safety, PK, pharmacodynamics and preliminary activity of ARRY 520 from this study will be presented. Disclosures: Bethelmie-Bryan: Array BioPharma: Employment. Rush:Array BioPharma: Employment. Freeman:Array BioPharma: Employment. Simmons:Array BioPharma: Employment. Ptaszynski:Array BioPharma: Employment.
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Rao, Prabhakar, and Seetha Ramaiah. "A CASE Study on Software Project Development Cost, Schedule & Effort Estimation." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 13 (April 1, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s1.19538.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper theme is to provide a case study of Software Project Development cost, effort, and schedule estimation. From recent past, a remarkable research takes place in developing different techniques on software effort and cost estimation. Making estimation before start of any project is necessary to be able to plan and manage any project. The estimate is an intelligent guess for the project resources. Nowadays, software has become a major contributor to economic growth for any nation. Making an estimate before starting any software project is vital for the project managers and key stakeholders. Major project milestones such as project schedules, budgeting, resource allocation, and project delivery dates are set on theeffort and cost estimates. Thus, the reliability of the estimation leads any project success or otherwise fail. In this article, author’s idea is to work with function point analysis and include the concept of workforce scheduling in a better way while taking the decision in the contract phase. That leads to strengthening the relations between the developer and the customer. Basically, size is a main measured unit of the software project. Based on the size and other functionalities, the software managers estimate the total effort required to develop the project. From the effort and work schedule, the total cost can be estimated.
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Halim, Aldhi, Syahrial Noviananto, Tony Tony, and Raymundus Parulian Sihotang. "The Analysis of Financial Performance Measurement of Global Cash Management Project Using Earned Value Analysis at PT. APRISMA INDONESIA." Journal of Applied Finance & Accounting 1, no. 1 (November 28, 2008): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jafa.v1i1.114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many components in a software house company can be used in controlling and measuring its information technology projects. The financial component is not only the numbers that tells how a company generates its profits. It also can tell how a project performance related to its scope, cost, schedule, and quality. For example, many information technology projects’ budget increases as more work time needed to complete the planned schedule due to problems occurred whilst project execution. These correlations between cost, schedule and the execution performance can be measured from a project financial component using a method called as Earned Value Analysis. The purpose of the research is to help PT. Aprisma Indonesia to properly and comprehensively analyze the Global Cash Management financial performance and find the most feasible recommendation to improve the projects performance in the future. The result of the research is to measures on how the Global Cash Management project performed according to the time and budget plan at PT. Aprisma Indonesia. Hopefully by knowing the components that influencing the Global Cash Management project cost and understand how to measure them, PT. Aprisma Indonesia would be able to quickly execute management strategies to address specific project problems.
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Fanney, A. H., and B. P. Dougherty. "The Thermal Performance of Residential Electric Water Heaters Subjected to Various Off-Peak Schedules." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 118, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2848010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An increasing number of utilities control the supply of power to residential water heaters as one means of reducing peak electrical demand. Water heaters operated in this manner are referred to as off-peak water heaters. Several utilities are also considering the use of solar domestic water heaters as an additional means of limiting power demand during times of greatest electrical usage. The research described within this paper quantifies the variation in thermal efficiency attributable to subjecting residential electrical water heaters to various off-peak and water removal schedules and, thus, forms a basis of comparison to which the thermal efficiency of solar water heaters or other water heating technologies may be compared. Laboratory tests, where the off-peak period and hot water draw schedule were varied, were conducted on two residential storage water heaters. A computer model of an electric water heater was developed and validated. The laboratory tests and the model were used to quantify the effect that various off-peak and hot water draw schedules have on water heater thermal efficiency. Thermal efficiency was found to vary up to seven percent for water heaters which meet the present minimum efficiency standards as specified within the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act. The energy factor, as measured using the Department of Energy Test Procedure for Water Heaters, is shown to be independent of the off-peak schedule because of a “normalizing” that occurs as part of the calculation procedure.
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Gorz, Ana Maria, Carlos E. S. Silvado, and Paulo Rogério M. Bittencourt. "Barbiturate-refractory epilepsy: safe schedule for therapeutic substitution." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 44, no. 3 (September 1986): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1986000300002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Barbiturates are considered first line antiepileptic drugs in third world countries due to traditional and economic reasons. This prospective uncontrolled study of 52 patients aged 15 to 64 years (mean 24) demonstrates that patients who become refractory to barbiturates are mainly those with partial seizures with or without generalization or with a focal EEG abnormality (71%). Seizures tend to become refractory approximately 6 years after barbiturates were started. Progressive barbiturate withdrawal over a period of two to 8 months (mean 5) with institution of treatment with carbamazepine, phenytoin or sodium valproate allowed complete barbiturate withdrawal in 42 of the 52 patients (81%). Furthermore monthly seizure frequency in those in whom barbiturates were withdrawn decreased from 7.1 to 1.7 per patient. An improvement in mental status was observed but not measured. These results show that barbiturates should not be first-choice drugs in patients who have a chronic disease such as epilepsy, and indicate a schedule for barbiturate withdrawal Which is safe and independent of hospitalization or monitoring of antiepileptic drug serum concentrations.
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Moss, S. J., A. C. Fenton, J. Toomey, A. Grainger, R. Borrow, P. Balmer, J. Smith, and A. R. Gennery. "Immunogenicity of a Heptavalent Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine Administered Concurrently with a Combination Diphtheria, Tetanus, Five-Component Acellular Pertussis, Inactivated Polio, and Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine and a Meningococcal Group C Conjugate Vaccine at 2, 3, and 4 Months of Age." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, no. 3 (December 30, 2009): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00315-09.
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ABSTRACT The immunogenicities of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines have been demonstrated when they are administered at 2, 3, and 4 months of age. There is a paucity of data on the immunogenicity of this vaccine when it is administered concurrently with other vaccines in the primary immunization schedule of the United Kingdom. We immunized 55 term infants at 2, 3, and 4 months of age with the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), the meningococcal group C conjugate (MCC) vaccine, and the diphtheria, tetanus, five-component acellular pertussis, inactivated polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP5/IPV/Hib-TT) vaccine. The immune responses to the H. influenzae type b (Hib), MCC, and tetanus vaccines were measured at 2, 5, and 12 months of age; and the immune responses to PCV7 were measured at 2 and 5 months and then either at 12 months or following a 4th dose of PCV7. There were increases in the geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of all antigens postimmunization. Greater than or equal to 90% of the infants achieved putatively protective levels postimmunization for all vaccine antigens except pneumococcal serotype 6B and Hib. The GMCs of the PCV7 serotypes increased following a 4th dose, although one infant had not reached putative levels of protection against serotype 6B. In conclusion, when infants were vaccinated according to the schedule described above, they had lower postprimary immunization responses to Hib, meningococcus group C capsular polysaccharide, and pneumococcal serotype 6B than the responses demonstrated by use of the other schedules. Despite this finding, there was a good response following a 4th dose of PCV7.
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Yang, Zhe, Ding Liu, Xinyu Zhang, Weichao Huang, and Gang Zheng. "Optimization of Rolling Schedule for Single-Stand Reversible Cold Rolling Mill Based on Multiobjective Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (September 16, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9167017.
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The single-stand reversible cold rolling mill is important equipment in the production of steel strips. The rolling schedule is the core technological content in the strip production of the single-stand reversible cold rolling mill. The scientific rolling schedule is the fundamental guarantee for the production capacity of the rolling mill, product quality, accuracy, shape quality, energy saving, and consumption reduction. This paper takes the dynamic rolling process of single-stand cold rolling as the research object, the purposes of increasing production capacity, saving energy, and reducing consumption are achieved by optimizing the rolling schedule. Based on the study of the mechanism model and the analysis of a large number of field measured data, a slice of mathematical models of the rolling process suitable for engineering calculation are proposed, and a few objective functions suitable for the single-stand reversible cold rolling process are designed. On this basis, the artificial fish swarm algorithm is improved into a multiobjective optimization algorithm for the optimization of rolling schedule, and the optimal rolling load distribution scheme is obtained. Finally, the optimization method of rolling schedule proposed in this paper is applied to the actual rolling production. The results show that the proposed method can improve productivity and save energy compared with the empirical rolling schedule, and the feasibility and validity of the proposed algorithm are verified.
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Wambaugh, Julie L., Christina Nessler, Sandra Wright, Shannon C. Mauszycki, Catharine DeLong, Kiera Berggren, and Dallin J. Bailey. "Effects of Blocked and Random Practice Schedule on Outcomes of Sound Production Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: Results of a Group Investigation." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 6S (June 22, 2017): 1739–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-16-0249.
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Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of schedule of practice (i.e., blocked vs. random) on outcomes of Sound Production Treatment (SPT; Wambaugh, Kalinyak-Fliszar, West, & Doyle, 1998) for speakers with chronic acquired apraxia of speech and aphasia. Method A combination of group and single-case experimental designs was used. Twenty participants each received SPT administered with randomized stimuli presentation (SPT-R) and SPT applied with blocked stimuli presentation (SPT-B). Treatment effects were examined with respect to accuracy of articulation as measured in treated and untreated experimental words produced during probes. Results All participants demonstrated improved articulation of treated items with both practice schedules. Effect sizes were calculated to estimate magnitude of change for treated and untreated items by treatment condition. No significant differences were found for SPT-R and SPT-B relative to effect size. Percent change over the highest baseline performance was also calculated to provide a clinically relevant indication of improvement. Change scores associated with SPT-R were significantly higher than those for SPT-B for treated items but not untreated items. Conclusion SPT can result in improved articulation regardless of schedule of practice. However, SPT-R may result in greater gains for treated items. Supplemental Materials https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5116831
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Kiriyama-Suga, Naoko, Kouichi Fukunaga, and Yuko Oguma. "Effects of a rotating-shift schedule on nurses' vigilance as measured by the Psychomotor Vigilance Task." Asian Pacific Journal of Disease Management 7, no. 3-4 (2013): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7223/apjdm.7.35.
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Vielhaber, Annette, Peter Homel, Ellen Gold, Steven Malamud, RonaldH Blum, RussellK Portenoy, and AliceB Kornblith. "What is measured by the schedule for the evaluation of individual quality of life-direct weighting?" Clinical Therapeutics 24 (January 2002): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-2918(02)85120-7.
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Hitchcock, Elaine R., and Laura L. Koenig. "The Effects of Data Reduction in Determining the Schedule of Voicing Acquisition in Young Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 56, no. 2 (April 2013): 441–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0175).
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Purpose In this study, multiple measures of voicing acquisition were used to evaluate the extent to which developmental patterns based on voice onset time (VOT) mean data differed from those based on token-by-token analyses in typically developing 2-year-olds. Method Multiple repetitions of words containing initial /b p d t/ were elicited from 10 English-speaking children biweekly for 4 months. VOT was measured for each stop. For each child, consonant, and recording session, means and ranges were obtained, as were measures of accuracy, discreteness, and overshoot calculated for session means and for individual tokens. Results The token-by-token analyses suggested lower accuracy and more category overlap than the session means and revealed an overshoot phase for all children. They also showed examples of both abrupt and gradual changes that were not always evident in the means. Measures of range, accuracy, discreteness, and overshoot all continued to change after statistically significant VOT differences were observed. Conclusions The findings suggest that some aspects of voicing development may not be evident in analyses that rely on VOT mean data and patterns of statistical significance. Token-by-token measures provide a more complete picture of stages of voicing development than those based solely on mean VOT values.
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Sewnet, Asmamaw, Baseem Khan, Issaias Gidey, Om Prakash Mahela, Adel El-Shahat, and Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz. "Mitigating Generation Schedule Deviation of Wind Farm Using Battery Energy Storage System." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051768.
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Meeting the generation schedule in a wind farm is a major issue. This work utilized battery energy storage systems (BESS) integrated wind farms (WF) to supply energy to the power grid at a pre-determined generation schedule, which was set previously based on the meteorological forecast and BESS characteristics. This study proposed the integration of two independently controlled BESS into the WF to balance stochastic power deviations between actual wind power and scheduled power. By utilizing linear optimization and solving in MATLAB, simulation models of the operations of BESS-integrated WF have been developed. The technical performance of the BESS-integrated wind farm on meeting the generation schedule, along with the cost benefits and profit attributed to the BESS, is therefore measured by a series of indices. The simulation on a practical wind farm, i.e., Adama-I WF, Ethiopia shows that even though it depends on the type of state exchanging strategy adopted, the developed methodology of integrating BESS into the WF is effective and BESS profits can totally cover the cost. Technical and economic indices that resulted from the integration of two separate BESSs with independent control were compared with indices that resulted from integrating a single BESS. Simulation results show that operating the wind farm with two independently controlled batteries has better performance as compared to operating with a single battery. It also shows that the discharging and charging state exchanging approaches of the BESS (in the case of two battery integration), as well as the number of batteries integrated into the wind farm, have significant impacts on the performance of the WF integrated with BESS.
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Senediak, Christine, and Susan H. Spence. "Rapid versus Gradual Scheduling of Therapeutic Contact in a Family Based Behavioural Weight Control Programme for Children." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 13, no. 4 (October 1985): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300012027.
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Forty-five overweight children aged 6 to 13 were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: a behavioural programme occurring on a rapid schedule, the same behavioural programme presented on a schedule of gradually decreasing frequency, a non-specific control procedure and a waiting list control group. Experimental procedures required subjects to attend eight sessions, accompanied by a parent. The behavioural approach was found to lead to significantly greater reductions in obese status as measured by absolute weight loss and percentage overweight for age, sex and height, in comparison to both the non-specific control procedure and the waiting list group during treatment. This difference was maintained at the 11 week follow-up. Comparison between the rapid and gradual scheduling of behavioural sessions revealed little difference in outcome in the long term, other than effects which reflected differences in duration since the onset of treatment. Skinfold measures were found to be less sensitive to change, with differences between groups being evident only in the longer term assessments.
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Charych, Deborah H., Murali Addepalli, Steve Lee, Thomas Chang, Xiaofeng Liu, Rhoneil Pena, Terry Sweeney, Ute Hoch, Stephen K. Doberstein, and Seema S. Kantak. "An engineered immunotherapy (NKTR-214) with altered selectivity toward the IL2 receptor: Efficacy and tolerability in a murine tumor model." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 3060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.3060.
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3060 Background: Cytokine-based immunotherapy has been successful for the treatment of cancer, with potential for durable responses in multiple indications. One approach towards stimulating the immune system is to target the heterotrimeric interleukin2 receptor, IL2R. NKTR-214 uses polymer technology to alter receptor subunit selectivity to favor expansion of CD8+ memory effector T cells (CD8T) in the tumor over CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg). In addition, polymer conjugation is designed to improve exposure and enhance tumor localization, significantly improving efficacy, modulating vascular leak syndrome (VLS) and allowing flexible dosing regimens. Methods: C57BL/6 mice bearing established subcutaneous B16F10 melanoma were treated with NKTR-214 at a variety of doses (0.25-4.0 mg/kg) and schedules (q5dx3 to q14dx2). Mice treated with clinically validated IL2 were administered 3mg/kg, bidx5 for 2 cycles. Efficacy was measured by monitoring tumor volumes. Tolerability was evaluated by survival. VLS was measured by injection of Evans Blue dye followed by colorimetry in lungs. Tumor immunotyping, by flow cytometry. Results: Tumors from mice receiving NKTR-214 had a CD8/Treg ratio of over 1,000 versus 14 for IL2. NKTR-214 administered at 2 mg/kg, q9dx3 was identified as the optimal regimen and showed tumor growth delay of 26 days compared to 9 days for optimally dosed IL2. 90% of NKTR-214 treated mice tolerated treatment compared to 67% for IL2. VLS was completely resolved prior to administration of the next dose of NKTR-214, unlike IL2. NKTR-214 was well tolerated in rats at two schedules, at MTD. Conclusions: NKTR-214 is a highly differentiated cytokine with a new mechanism of action that may provide options for cancer immunotherapy. Polymer conjugation of a clinically validated cytokine alters the IL2R selectivity to favor expansion of tumor killing immune cells (CD8T) over regulatory immune cells (Treg) in the tumor. The conjugate is also designed to improve exposure and enhance tumor localization, offering more options of dose and schedule. The optimal dose and schedule is cytokine-sparing, provides substantial tumor growth delay, and reduces toxicity.
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Pitts, Raymond C., Christine E. Hughes, and Dean C. Williams. "TRANSITIONS FROM RICH-TO-LEAN SCHEDULES INCREASE ATTACK IN A LABORATORY MODEL OF SOCIAL AGGRESSION IN PIGEONS: II. FIXED-INTERVAL SCHEDULES." Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta 45, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 519–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5514/rmac.v45.i2.75582.
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Pigeons key pecked under two-component multiple fixed-interval (FI) schedules. Each component provided a different reinforcer magnitude (small or large), signaled by the color of the key light. Attacks toward a live, protected target pigeon were measured. Large- (rich) and small- (lean) reinforcer components alternated irregularly such that four different interval types (transitions) between the size of the immediately preceding reinforcer and the size of the upcoming reinforcer occurred within each session: lean-to-lean, lean-to-rich, rich-to-lean, and rich-torich transitions. The FI for each component was the same within each phase, but was manipulated across phases. For all pigeons, more attack occurred following the presentations of the larger reinforcer (i.e., during rich-to-lean and rich-to-rich transitions). For 2 of the 3 pigeons, this effect was modulated by the size of the upcoming reinforcer; attack following larger reinforcers was elevated when the upcoming reinforcer was small (i.e., during rich-to-lean transitions). This rich-to-lean effect on attack diminished or disappeared as the length of the FI schedule was increased (i.e., control over attack by the upcoming reinforcer size diminished with increases in the inter-reinforcement interval). For all pigeons and at all FIs, however, postreinforcement pauses were longest during the rich-to-lean transitions. These data (1) are consistent with the notion that postreinforcement periods during intermittent schedules function aversively and, thus, can precipitate aggressive behavior, and (2) suggest that rich-to-lean conditions may be especially aversive. They also indicate, however, that aversive effects of rich-to-lean transitions may differ across fixed-ratio (FR) and FI schedules, and that variables controlling attacking and pausing may not be isomorphic between these different schedule types.
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Al-khalidi, Banaz, Joycelyne Efua Ewusie, Jemila Hamid, and Samantha Kimball. "Effectiveness and safety of steady versus intermittent high dose vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of falls and fractures among adults: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e027349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027349.
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IntroductionClinical trials and systematic reviews of trials involving vitamin D supplementation have mainly focused on defining the optimal amount of vitamin D dosage. However, the comparative effectiveness of different dosing schedules (ie, daily vs bolus dosing schedule) has been largely unexplored; and currently, there is no consensus regarding the optimal vitamin D dosing schedule. Our objective is to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of steady (eg, daily, weekly) and intermittent high-dose (eg, monthly, yearly) vitamin D dosing schedules; and to determine the effectiveness of the various dosing schedules and combinations of treatments.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic search and review of literature from major medical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov) involving studies that compare vitamin D supplementation alone or in combination with calcium. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) will be considered. We will, however, consider various settings (eg, community, institutional care) and study designs (eg, cluster RCTs, cross-over trials). Our primary outcomes include falls and fractures including hip-fracture and non-vertebral fractures. Secondary outcomes will include muscle strength, physical performance, gait and mobility limitation. A Bayesian NMA will be conducted, and the results will be presented in the form of treatment effect estimates and ranking probabilities, with corresponding CIs. Pairwise meta-analysis will also be conducted for studies reporting head-to-head comparisons. Subgroup analysis will be performed with respect to pre-determined subgroups; including vitamin D status as measured by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, age and follow-up time. Sensitivity analysis will also be performed with respect to risk of bias.Ethics and disseminationThis study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of published RCTs; therefore, no ethical approval is required. Results will be disseminated through open access peer-reviewed publications.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42018112662.
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Cole, Galen E. "Life Change Events as Stressors and Their Relationship to Mental Health among Undergraduate University Students." Psychological Reports 56, no. 2 (April 1985): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.56.2.387.
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In the present study, 87 male and 91 female undergraduate students (18 to 30 yr. old) were surveyed to determine whether the previously observed inverse relationship between life-change events and mental impairments holds. The Schedule of Recent Experience was used to measure stress to relate results of this study and past findings. The General Well-being Schedule, reliable and internally consistent, was the measure of mental health. Comparison of the scores on recent experiences with normative criteria indicated that 84.8% of the subjects had scores indicative of major life crises. An inordinately large number of participants should have also experienced clinical distress as measured on the schedule; however, the results provide modest empirical support for this assumption. Subsequently, it seems appropriate to question the predictive validity of the life-events approach to research on stress among college students.