Дисертації з теми "Measure of conflict settlement"
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1
Зоріна, Альона Юріївна. "Постконфліктне урегулювання збройного протистояння в Боснії та Герцеговині: імплементація досвіду в Україні". Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/27259.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Магістерська дисертація присвячена проблемам децентралізаційного процесу в Україні, а саме першому його етапу – процесу об’єднання територіальних громад. Окрема увага приділена питанням загальнонаціональних досліджень громадської думки жителів України з питань об’єднань територіальних громад, оцінці цього процесу. У магістерській дисертації проведено порівняльний аналіз результатів досліджень жителів територіальних громад, які пройшли процес об’єднання та тих, які ще такого процесу не проходили.The master's dissertation is concerned with the problems of decentralization process in Ukraine, namely its first stage - the process of unification of local communities. Much attention is given to the issues of nationwide public opinion polls of Ukrainian citizens on issues of territorial communities, evaluation of this process. The comparative analysis of results of researches of inhabitants of territorial communities that have passed the process of association and those who have not yet passed such a process was conducted in the master’s dissertation.
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Olson, Felicity Jean. "Beyond Conflict Settlement: The Policy of Peacebuilding in the Pacific." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the end of the Cold War internal conflict has emerged more and more into the foreground of concern in the international arena. It is seemingly more perverse and intractable than traditional interstate conflict, and as a result it is increasingly harder to resolve. Recurrence of internal conflict has been and remains to be a significant issue. Because of the nature of internal conflict and the underlying causes of the violence, the way in which its resolution is approached has a significant impact on the likelihood of success. The theory of peacebuilding, while still in its infancy, is gaining more and attention as a way in which to approach internal conflict and help to establish long-term peace in post-conflict societies. This thesis analyses the theory of peacebuilding and develops a framework based on this research that includes what I believe are the most relevant aspects of the approach. This framework is then applied to three cases; East Timor, Bougainville and the Solomon Islands. The theory is based on the idea of building long-term sustainable peace. This is done by not only improving the security situation in the host state but also working through the underlying causes of the violence and helping to establish sustainable and self-reliant institutions that will help support peace within the state long after the peacebuilders have withdrawn. The main focus of this research is internal conflict in the Pacific region. Conflict in the region, while somewhat insignificant on an international scale, is disproportionate to the small size of the region. The effects of conflict are felt long after the fighting has stopped. The theory of peacebuilding in the Pacific is approached by examining three peacebuilding missions that have been undertaken in the region and analysing the strengths and weaknesses of these cases. From here the overall success of these missions is examined. Ideas about peacebuilding success are then developed and a look at the future of peacebuilding in the region is outlined.
3
Schulze-Marmeling, Sebastian. "Conflict at work and external dispute settlement : a cross-country comparison." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/conflict-at-work-and-external-dispute-settlement--a-crosscountry-comparison(f7b7c186-5541-418e-be6a-3bc3b6b311fa).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The focus of both academic and public debate on the expression of work-related conflict has long been focused on strikes. Substantial declines in collective disputes have been associated with more harmonious and less conflict-laden employment relations. This research deals with another, often forgotten form in which conflict is manifested, namely the settlement of individual conflicts through labour courts or employment tribunals. Its aim is to explore and explain differences in application rates to national judicial bodies both across countries and over time. Using a novel database on 23 European Union Member States, it is found that a substantial degree of variance exists; claim rates across Europe differ substantially, and countries have developed along different lines. The explosion of court applications is found to be exceptional, and stability or volatility is identified in the large bulk of EU Member States. In order to explain cross-sectional and time differences, the research draws on wide range of literature, develops a new procedural concept of conflict, and proposes a comparative neo-institutionalist framework accounting for both institutions and actors. The theoretical discussion elaborates three sets of arguments to predict claim incidence. First, it is argued that the existence of comprehensive collective industrial relations institutions, particularly employee workplace representation and collective agreements, tend to reduce the frequency of labour court claims. Second, the amount and complexity of employment regulation is argued to have an impact on the incidence of court applications. Finally, cyclical economic conditions and individual characteristics of the potential grievant are expected to predict the phenomenon. Empirical evidence is presented from a range of different data sources, such as national administrative data and large-scale surveys for three country case studies on France, Germany and the United Kingdom. Findings support that all three sets of explanations contribute to the explanation of the incidence of labour court claims. Moreover, data seem to confirm the need for an interdisciplinary approach drawing on different bodies of literature.
4
Moyer, Paul Benjamin. "Wild Yankees: Settlement, conflict, and localism along Pennsylvania's northeast frontier, 1760-1820." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623949.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pennsylvania's northeast frontier---a region embraced by the upper reaches of the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers---was the scene of a bitter and, at times, bloody backwoods dispute. Here Yankees (settlers and speculators holding deeds from Connecticut land companies) fought Pennamites (settlers and landlords who claimed land under Pennsylvania) for land and authority. This contest began in the 1760s and lasted till the first decade of the nineteenth century and, for a time, pitted Connecticut against Pennsylvania in a bitter jurisdictional conflict. This study focuses on the dispute after the revolutionary war when the federal government awarded the contested territory to Pennsylvania and when Connecticut claimants, who became known as Wild Yankees, violently resisted the imposition of Pennsylvania's authority and soil rights.;This study explores agrarian unrest in northeast Pennsylvania and adds to existing backcountry scholarship by demonstrating that the revolutionary frontier was not only the scene of a battle over land and authority but also the locus of a struggle over identity and the definition of local culture. It analyzes how frontier expansion, the Revolution, class conflict, and disputes over property intersected with the daily lives of ordinary men and women by examining the small-scale social networks (family, kin, and neighborhood) that delimitated their lives.;This study makes two closely connected arguments. First, it contends that backcountry inhabitants' local lives---the social relationships, economic networks, and sources of authority that operated on a face-to-face level---framed their aspirations as well as their perceptions of the Revolution and social conflict. This parochial world view, or localism, played an important role in shaping frontier expansion and frontier unrest. Second, it argues that localism, though it had always been present in agrarian society, became a paramount ingredient of identity and ideology in the backcountry between the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Rapid frontier expansion combined with the Revolution to create a distinct parochial world view among settlers that can best be described as revolutionary backcountry localism .
5
Wang, Chen. "A NEW SIMULATION-BASED CONFLICT INDICATOR AS A SURROGATE MEASURE OF SAFETY." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Traffic safety is one of the most essential aspects of transportation engineering. However, most crash prediction models are statistically-based prediction methods, which require significant efforts in crash data collection and may not be applied in particular traffic environments due to the limitation of data sources. Traditional traffic conflict studies are mostly field-based studies depending on manual counting, which is also labor-intensive and oftentimes inaccurate. Nowadays, simulation tools are widely utilized in traffic conflict studies. However, there is not a surrogate indicator that is widely accepted in conflict studies.
The primary objective of this research is to develop such a reliable surrogate measure for simulation-based conflict studies. An indicator named Aggregated Crash Propensity Index (ACPI) is proposed to address this void. A Probabilistic model named Crash Propensity Model (CPM) is developed to determine the crash probability of simulated conflicts by introducing probability density functions of reaction time and maximum braking rates. The CPM is able to generate the ACPI for three different conflict types: crossing, rear-end and lane change. A series of comparative and field-based analysis efforts are undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed metric. Intersections are simulated with the VISSIM micro simulation and the output is processed through SSAM to extract useful conflict data to be used as the entry into CPM model. In the comparative analysis, three studies are conducted to evaluate the safety effect of specific changes in intersection geometry and operations. The comparisons utilize the existing Highway Safety Manual (HSM) processes to determine whether ACPI can identify the same trends as those observed in the HSM. The ACPI outperforms time-to-collision-based indicators and tracks the values suggested by the HSM in terms of identifying the relative safety among various scenarios. In field-based analysis, the Spearman’s rank tests indicate that ACPI is able to identify the relative safety among traffic facilities/treatments. Moreover, ACPI-based prediction models are well fitted, suggesting its potential to be directly link to real crash. All efforts indicate that ACPI is a promising surrogate measure of safety for simulation-based studies.
6
Madden, Kyla. "Ten troubled years, settlement, conflict and rebellion in Forkhill, County Armagh, 1788-1798." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0004/MQ28230.pdf.
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Murithi, Timothy. "The moral dimension of international dispute settlement : communicative ethics and sub-national conflict resolution mechanisms." Thesis, Keele University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267459.
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Khan, Eraj, and Khizar Hayat. "GPS based Vehicle Conflict Measurement and Dynamic Slot Allocation." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-654.
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Kauffman, Nancy (Nancy L. ). "The Effects of the Conflict Settlement Process on the Expressed Degree of Organizational Commitment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331265/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the conflict settlement process on the degree of expressed organizational commitment of employees in a collective bargaining setting. The research was done in a basic industry in northern Alabama. The instrument included the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Mowday, Porter, and Steers. Demographic variables measured were education, age, and sex. Main effects variables were tenure; union membership; and self-described experience with and feeling toward grievance/arbitration as a category 1 grievant, category 2 grievant, witness, and supervisor. Data were analyzed with hierarchical multiple regression. No statistically significant results were found. Limitations included the economic climate of the region and the industrial relations climate of the company.
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Al-Soudi, Abdel Mahdi Abdalla. "Conflict in Palestine 1917-1948 : Palestine responses to Zionist settlement in Palestine with particular reference to the attempts to solve the conflict." Thesis, Keele University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280028.
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11
Uesugi, Yuji. "United Nations peacekeeping and the nexus between conflict settlement and conflict resolution : a comparative case study of UN peacekeeping in Cyprus and Cambodia." Thesis, University of Kent, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274352.
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12
Gilbertson, Adam Lloyd. "The ecology of risk in an informal settlement : interpersonal conflict, social networks, and household food security." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4d914efd-5f9b-46f1-acad-01667a2dd681.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kenyan informal settlements have been thoroughly depicted by previous researchers as biophysical, epidemiological, and economic risk environments in which food insecurity is recognised as one of the most persistent everyday challenges. Although unemployment and illness are key contributors to the inability to purchase sufficient food, the reasons why households experience food insecurity are more complicated and not fully understood. Part of the problem is that few previous studies have privileged socio-political contributions (e.g. gender-based power inequalities and the impacts of social networks) to household food security risk. Whilst food security researchers commonly utilise the concept of vulnerability to address household-scale risk, this concept is rarely applied to interpersonal dynamics within households. Using data gathered through participant observation, questionnaires, and 109 in-depth interviews with 67 participants, this thesis provides an ethnographic account of household food insecurity in an informal settlement which addresses three primary questions: (1) In what ways might interpersonal relationships within households contribute social and political obstacles to achieving food security? For instance, how and why might risk for food insecurity emerge from experiences of interpersonal conflict? (2) What role do extra-household social networks play in experiences of food security within households? (3) How useful is the concept of vulnerability for addressing experiences of risk which are negotiated between household members? In the informal settlement of 'Bangladesh', Mombasa, Kenya, conflict within domestic, especially conjugal, relationships represents a potential source of risk to food security for individual members or entire households. Contributing to this conflict are gender inequality, power differentials, the failure to meet marital expectations, and how people respond when presente with risk. Resulting experiences of food insecurity are shown to contribute to further conflict in the household, thereby creating a cycle of conflict and food insecurity. Those who find that they have insufficient food at home may receive assistance (food or money) from members of their social networks. However, these relationships may also contribute to experiences of conflict, and therefore insecurity, within households. Applying concepts of vulnerabilty to account for experiences of risk and their consequences (food insecurity) requires differentiating between what represents a hazard, a response, and an outcome. Within multi-person households, it is exceedingly difficult to divide lived experiences involving interpersonal conflict among these three categories. Thus, I argue that vulnerability is less useful for research concerning intra-household dynamics than it is for studies which assume households to be undifferentiated units.
13
Horenstein, Robert Arthur. "Common Security: A Conceptual Blueprint for an Israeli-Palestinian Political Settlement." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4591.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The deep-rooted Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been a major source of destabilization in the Middle East for some three-quarters of a century. Whereas other long-standing conflicts around the world have been brought to a close, this struggle (both in and of itself and within its wider Arab-Israeli dimension) remains a perennial tinderbox. This is particularly true given the unsettling realities of the region in which the conflict exists. Consequently, a certain sense of urgency for finding a permanent political settlement can be discerned both within the region and outside it. still, the search for a solution has yielded progress only on an interim arrangement (the Gaza-Jericho autonomy accord signed by Israel and the PLO September 13, 1993). To be workable, a political settlement must break new ground by conceptualizing the problem in terms which transcend the traditional, emotion-laden and myopic rhetoric commonly used by both sides. This research is an attempt to contribute to a fresh, far-reaching understanding of the requisites for a secure Israeli-Palestinian peace and, on this basis, to evaluate the alternative scenarios for the ultimate disposition of the Israeli-administered West Bank and Gaza Strip. To that end, the fundamental question is which of these alternatives would go furthest in satisfying the vital interests of both parties so that a permanent settlement of the disputed territories might at last be implemented. In developing a conceptual framework for evaluating potential solutions, this research incorporates a comprehensive definition of "national security" juxtaposed with a concept related to American-Soviet detente: common security. National security means protection against all major perils to a state's security, not merely military threats. Common security is a mutual commitment to joint survival. It is based on a recognition that because of an increasingly interdependent world, states can no longer achieve security unilaterally but rather only through the creation of positive-sum processes that lead to cooperation with one another. The first half of this thesis, then, attempts to establish the essential elements of a common security framework for Israel and the Palestinian inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza. The concluding chapters of the thesis focus on the evaluation of five alternative scenarios for an IsraeliPalestinian political settlement: 1) the present status quo: 2) the "Jordanian option," or a return to the status quo ante of June 1967; 3) Israeli annexation; 4) an IsraelJordan confederation with a Palestinian entity federally linked to one or both; and 5) a Palestinian state, either fully independent or federally connected with Israel and/or Jordan. Each option is assessed on the basis of the degree to which it would satisfy the common-security criteria formulated in the preceding chapters: 1) protection against military threats: 2) the realization of Palestinian political self-determination; 3) the preservation of Israel's Jewish and democratic ideals; 4) internal (societal) and regional stability; 5) economic viability; and 6) the sufficient and equitable allocation of water resources. The alternative rated most favorably is the establishment of a sovereign, independent Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza, excluding the Jordan Valley and the Jerusalem Corridor. This assessment presupposes certain provisions. Among these are the deployment of an American-led multinational peacekeeping force in the Samarian mountains of the West Bank, the creation of an economic confederation and tripartite federal water authority linking Israel, Jordan and Arab Palestine, and a special status for East Jerusalem. The implementation of such a settlement, it is argued, would create a new modus vivendi among the Arabs and the Israelis, which, in turn, could serve as the underpinning of a durable and comprehensive peace.
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MORRISON, EILEEN FRANCES. "THE TESTING OF INSTRUMENTS TO MEASURE RULES, ROLE INCOMPETENCE AND VIOLENCE IN PSYCHIATRIC INPATIENTS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183965.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to test research instruments to measure social and therapeutic rules, role incompetence and violence in hospitalized psychiatric patients. Instruments were tested to measure the specific concepts of: the Discrepant Interpretation of the Therapeutic Rules (GTRS and PTRSI), the Inconsistent Enforcement of the Social Rules (SRSI), the patients' Inability to Adhere to the Therapeutic Rules (PTRSII), the patients' Inability to Adhere to the Social Rules (SRSII) and Violence (VS). The study used a descriptive correlational design. The nursing staff sample consisted of 57 nursing staff working in nine clinical psychiatric units of four local hospitals. The nursing staff sample completed research ratings on 162 patient subjects hospitalized on the units. The data were analyzed for estimations of the psychometric properties of the research instruments. The theory was estimated using correlational and multiple regression techniques. The results indicated that with the exception of the General Therapeutic Rule Scale, the instruments had strong evidence of reliability and validity. The General Therapeutic Rule Scale had limited evidence of reliability and validity. The theoretical model testing indicated that three of the predicted theoretical relationships were supported. The expanded empirical model testing indicated three additional relationships. The amount of variance in violence explained by the expanded empirical model was R² = 18%. The major findings of this study were: (a) the social rules were more important than the therapeutic rules in predicting violence, (b) contrary to the literature, personal patient variables such as, age, sex, and diagnosis did not contribute to violence in the hospital setting, (c) a patient history of violence outside the hospital contributed to the patients' inability to adhere to the rules, (d) a direct relationship existed between the therapeutic and social rules, (e) the subdimensions of violence against self, others and property may be theoretically distinct dimensions of violence, and (f) the relationship of violence and other variables may be curvilinear.
15
Nedrebo, Oystein. "Transnational dimensions of civil conflict severity." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In an otherwise broad literature on civil conflict little attention has so far been paid to actual conflict violence and variation in severity. Existing work is also hampered by a reliance on a ‘closed polity’ model of the state, leading to disregard of the transnational dimensions of internal conflict, and by a dependence on over‐aggregated data. The present inquiry expands on the existing explanatory framework for variation in civil conflict severity by including transnational factors and characteristics of sub‐national actors. Data on conflict battle deaths are combined with recently available data on transnational ethnic linkages, transnational support and neighbouring conflict as well as other actor and country characteristics. Results from ordinary least squares regression analysis indicate that support for rebel groups from external non‐state actors increase conflict severity, while rebel presence in other states is associated with less severe conflicts. In addition, severity increases with duration but with a diminishing marginal return. Internal armed conflicts are less severe in democratic and ethnically polarised countries but rebel territorial control increases the level of violence.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die andersins omvangryke literatuur oor burgerlike konflik is daar tot op hede min aandag geskenk aan werklike konflikgeweld en variasie in felheid (vernietigende omvang). Bestaande werk word ook belemmer omdat dit staat maak op ’n model van die staat as ‘geslote regering’, wat lei tot verontagsaming van die transnasionale dimensies van interne konflik, en staat maak op oor‐geaggregeerde data. Hierdie ondersoek brei uit op die bestaande verklarende raamwerk vir variasie in felheid van burgerlike konflik deur transnasionale faktore en eienskappe van subnasionale deelnemers in te sluit. Data oor konflikgevegsterftes is gekombineer met onlangse data oor transnasionale etniese koppelings, transnasionale steun en naburige konflik, sowel as ander deelnemer‐ en landeienskappe. Resultate van gewone kleinstekwadrate‐regressie‐analise dui daarop dat steun aan rebellegroepe deur eksterne nie‐staatsdeelnemers konflikfelheid laat toeneem, terwyl rebelleteenwoordigheid in ander lande geassosieer word met minder fel konflikte. Felheid neem ook toe saam met duur maar met ’n afnemende marginale opbrengs. Interne gewapende konflikte is minder fel in demokratiese en etnies gepolariseerde lande, maar rebellebeheer oor grondgebied verhoog die vlak van geweld.
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Lee, Valentina Bruk. "Measuring Social Stressors in Organizations: The Development of the Interpersonal Conflict in Organizations Scale (ICOS)." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001730.
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von, Wussow Philipp. "Julius H. Schoeps: Pioneers of Zionism: Hess, Pinsker, Rülf. Messianism, Settlement Policy, and the Israeli- Palestinian Conflict." HATiKVA e.V. – Die Hoffnung Bildungs- und Begegnungsstätte für Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur Sachsen, 2014. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35107.
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Lange, Sandra. "The case of uneven development in Palestine an investigation of scalar fix as an act of dispossession /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10682.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 148 p. : ill., (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-148).
19
Williams, Jessica. "The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict problems and possibilities for political resolution /." Click here to access thesis, 2009. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2009/jessica_r_williams/williams_jessica_r_200901_MASS.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia Southern University, 2009."A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts." Directed by Emilia Powell. ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-62)
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Kuprash, Kateryna Mykolayivna, and Катерина Миколаївна Купраш. "Prospects for the settlement of a proxy war in Yemen." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51644.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1. КісловД.В. Інформаційнівійни :монографія / Д.В. Кіслов. – К. : Київ. нац. торг.-екон. унт, 2013. – 300 с.
2. Analysis of modern international terrorism [Electronic resource] – Access mode: https://www.rand.org/topics/terrorism-threat-assessment.html
3.Geostrategy,Global Intelligence Group[Електронний ресурс]:[Веб сайт].-Електронні дані.-Режим доступу:http://geostrategy.ua/node/1015
4.NATOReview [Електронний ресурс] : [Веб-сайт]. - Електронні дані.- Режим доступу: https://www.nato.int/docu/review/uk/articles/2010/09/13/chomualkada-obrala-men/index.htmlYemen is one of the poorest Arab countries, and a civil war has been going on here since 2015.In general, a proxy war is a war in which two states do not fight directly, but using as parties to the conflict some third countries: their allies (satellites), providing decisive assistance with finances, equipment, military personnel. This conflict is relevant in the context of modern international relations, because it has led to a humanitarian catastrophe: millions of people are starving, do not have access to drinking water, medicine and electricity. The head of the UN World Food Program, David Bisley, recently announced a deplorable figure: 12 million people in Yemen suffer from «severe hunger.» Cholera is a rampant disease in the country. The epidemic began in April 2017, and during this time it canot be extinguished due to the destruction of health infrastructure, water and sewage treatment plants, as well as famine, which reduces the ability of the population to resist infections. The humanitarian catastrophe caused by the Hussite coup in Yemen is a revolution against the Yemeni government organized by a coalition of Hussites and Ali Abdullah Saleh. The parties to the conflict are Iran-backed Houthi rebels, who control the capital Sana’a and much of the north and west of the country. On the other hand, there is an internationally recognized government backed by Saudi Arabia, as well as supporters of the secession of South Yemen.
Ємен є однією з найбідніших арабських країн, і громадянська війна триває тут з 2015 року. Загалом, війна-проксі - це війна, в якій дві держави не воюють безпосередньо, а використовують як сторони конфлікту деякі треті країни: своїх союзників (супутників), надаючи вирішальну допомогу з фінансами, технікою, військовослужбовцями. Цей конфлікт є актуальним у контексті сучасних міжнародних відносин, оскільки призвів до гуманітарної катастрофи: мільйони людей голодують, не мають доступу до питної води, ліків та електрики. Нещодавно глава Всесвітньої продовольчої програми ООН Девід Біслі оголосив плачевну цифру: 12 мільйонів людей в Ємені страждають від "сильного голоду". Холера - це поширена хвороба в країні. Епідемія розпочалась у квітні 2017 року, і за цей час вона не може бути ліквідована через руйнування інфраструктури охорони здоров'я, очисних споруд для водопостачання та стічних вод, а також голод, що зменшує здатність населення протистояти інфекціям. Гуманітарна катастрофа, спричинена гуситським переворотом в Ємені, - це революція проти уряду Ємену, організована коаліцією хуситів та Алі Абдулли Салеха. Сторонами конфлікту є підтримані Іраном повстанці-хуті, які контролюють столицю Сану та більшу частину півночі та заходу країни. З іншого боку, існує міжнародно визнаний уряд, підтриманий Саудівською Аравією, а також прихильниками відокремлення Південного Ємену.
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Rebesco, Ariana P. "Constructing a Measure of Relational Aggression Using Rasch Analysis: The Young Adult Conflict Resolution and Aggression Questionnaire." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1321642691.
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Musselwhite, Paul Philip. "Conflict, Coexistence, and Community: Settlement Politics and the Emergence of a Social Network in Proprietary South Carolina, 1670-1700." W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626516.
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Krogel, JulieAnn. "The Group Questionnaire: A New Measure of the Group Relationship." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1732.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Group Questionnaire (GQ) is a 30-item, self-report measure of the group relationship that was developed in the present study. It is based off of Johnson's new three factor model of the group relationship which includes Positive Bonding, Positive Working, and Negative Relationship. This study involved two parts, the creation of the GQ followed by the validation and refinement of the GQ using 486 participants from three populations - outpatient university counseling center, inpatient state hospital, and non-patient AGPA process groups. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test the goodness-of-fit of Johnson's model to each of the populations separately and as a whole. Following the refinement process, results showed the GQ to have good fit to the model for each population. Distinct differences in response pattern were found between the three populations. Reliability estimates were predominantly in the good range. Implications for future utility of the GQ include using it as a clinically relevant and efficient assessment tool to inform clinicians of the quality of the group psychotherapy relationship and to potentially predict group outcome.
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Greyling, Minette Ilse. "The World Trade Organisation : international trade, dispute settlement & the environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53695.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The norms governing international trade on the one hand, and sustainable development on the other, have both different origins and objectives. This is the central problem that will be addressed in this research assignment, by analysing the structure, functioning and future of the World Trade Organisation Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM). Though there has been a significant shift from politics to legality, the dispute settlement system is still far from perfect. When looking at recent environmental trade disputes, the stress placed on the system is revealed. •• The focus is on the impact of environmental disputes on the nature and functioning of the DSM, and how these disputes have contributed to the development of international trade law, and the concept of sustainable development. These will all contribute to a greater understanding of the interaction of the World Trade Organisation and the multilateral trading system, and the future role the WTO should play on the agenda for sustainable development.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die norme wat enersyds internasionale handel, en andersyds volhoubare ontwikkeling beheer, het uiteenlopende oorspronge en doelstellings. Hierdie is die sentrale probleem wat deur hierdie navorsingsverslag aangespreek word, te wete deur die struktuur, funksionering en toekoms van die Wereldhandelsorganisasie (WHO) Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM) te analiseer. Hierdie dispuutskikkingstelsel is nog steeds nie volmaak nie, ten spyte daarvan dat daar reeds 'n betekenisvolle verskuiwing van politiek tot wetlikheid plaasgevind het. As daar na onlangse omgewingshandelsdispute gekyk word, kom die druk wat op die stelsel geplaas word, duidelik na vore. Die fokus word dus met hierdie navorsingsverslag geplaas op die impak wat omgewingsdispute op die aard en funksionering van die DSM het, en hoe die dispute bygedra het tot die ontwikkeling van internasional handelswette asook op die konsep van volhoubare ontwikkeling. Hierdie fokus behoort by te dra tot 'n groter begrip tot die interaksie tussen die Wereldhandelsorganisasie (WHO) en die multilaterale handelstelsels, asook op die toekomstige rol wat die WHO behoort te speel met betrekking tot die agenda vir volhoubare ontwikkeling.
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Alexopoulos, Konstantinos. "International mediation and negotiating positions of Cyprus' regional conflict after the 1974 Turkish invasion Obstacles and prospects to a settlement /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA379599.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2000.Thesis advisors: Eyre, Dana P. ; Roessler, Tjarck . "June 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-126). Also Available online.
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Svensson, Isak. "Elusive Peacemakers : A Bargaining Perspective on Mediation in Internal Armed Conflicts." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7412.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This composite dissertation explores mediation in internal armed conflicts from a bargaining perspective. Four separate essays investigate why mediation occurs, why it is successful, and why peace guarantors’ commitments are credible. Essay 1 examines the conditions under which mediation takes place. The study argues that whereas it is costly for governments to accept international mediation, it is a less costly intervention tool for potential third parties. This argument implies that mediation will be more likely when and where negotiated settlements are least likely to be reached, a contention that is supported by empirical tests. Essay 2 reviews the contemporary debate on what types of mediators that can disseminate information in a credible manner, and formulates a set of testable hypotheses on mediation partiality. The analysis shows that negotiated settlements are more likely if biased or interested mediators intervene, while neutral mediators are not associated with mediation success. Essay 3 elaborates on the role of biased mediators. It proposes that rebels face a commitment problem when negotiated settlements are to be reached, which government-biased mediators can mitigate. The study finds that such types of mediators outperform rebel-biased mediators in terms of helping combatants to settle the armed conflict. Essay 4 deals with the commitment problem that comes to pass between, on the one hand the primary parties, and on the other, the potential peace guarantors. The study probes the requests and promises for third-party security guarantees and suggests that the reputation of the United Nations (UN) enhances its credibility as peace guarantor compared to non-UN actors. It finds that although the UN is more restrictive with its promises, it is more likely that peacekeeping forces will be provided if the UN is one of the guarantors. In sum, utilizing unique data from two time-periods (post World War II and post Cold War), this dissertation arrives at new insights on the role of mediators in bringing about negotiated settlements of internal armed conflicts.
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Poghossian, Lilit. "Will there ever be peace? an analysis of the international involvement in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict through the theories of neorealism and neoliberalism (Armenia, Azerbaijan) /." Click here for download, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/villanova/fullcit?p1432501.
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Ukoh, Aniekut B. Jr. "An analysis of the role of the organization of African Unity in settlement of Intra-Regional Conflict: the case of Republic of Chad." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1985. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2430.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the role of the Organization of African Unity in finding a peaceful settlement for intra-regional conflict using the Republic of Chad as a case study. It is a truism that since the Republic of Chad gained independence from France in 1960, the Chadians have not witnessed any political stability.
This study is premised on the assumption that the root cause of the conflict in Chad is due to French colonialism and neo-colonialism that have continued to impinge upon the Chadians even after political independence had been achieved; that the inability of the OAU to find a solution to the conflict is due to foreign intervention. Moreover, different political ideologies that have divided the Organization of African Unity into three groups, namely, the Monrovia, the Casablanca and the Brazzaville Twelve have been an impediment to the OAU in its efforts in effecting a peaceful settlement for intra-regional conflict such as the Chadian conflict.
The two methodologies employed in this research are descriptive and historical analyses.
The study maintains that it is because of the historical subjugation and subordination of the Chadian socio-economic formation by the French imperialists, that the Republic of Chad has been made to serve the French interests instead of serving the interests of the Chadians.
The study suggests that if the Republic of Chad is to be successful in achieving political and economic independence, it must wage war against neo-colonialism and petty-bourgeois elements who are aligning themselves with the imperialists to destabilize the political economy of the country.
Our analysis of the OAU's role in Chad shows that no stone was left unturned to bring a lasting solution to the Chadian conflict; but the noble efforts of the OAU could not possibly bear fruit because the OAU has so far not had much success in implementing its policy of resisting foreign intervention in essentially African conflicts.
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Höglund, Kristine. "Peace negotiations in the shadow of violence /." Leiden [u.a.] : Nijhoff, 2008. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0803/2007048289.html.
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Ukoh, Aniekut Bassey Jr. "An analysis of the role of the organization of African unity in settlement of intra-regional conflict: the case of the Republic of Chad." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1985. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the role of the Organization of African Unity in finding a peaceful settlement for intra-regional conflict using the Republic of Chad as a case study. It is a truism that since the Republic of Chad gained independence from France in 1960, the Chadians have not witnessed any political stability.
This study is premised on the assumption that the root cause of the conflict in Chad is due to French colonialism and neo-colonialism that have continued to impinge upon the Chadians even after political independence had been achieved; that the inability of the OAU to find a solution to the conflict is due to foreign intervention. Moreover, different political ideologies that have divided the Organization of African Unity into three groups, namely, the Monrovia, the Casablanca and the Brazzaville Twelve have been an impediment to the OAU in its efforts in effecting a peaceful settlement for intra-regional conflict such as the Chadian conflict.
The two methodologies employed in this research are descriptive and historical analyses.
The study maintains that it is because of the historical subjugation and subordination of the Chadian socio-economic formation by the French imperialists, that the Republic of Chad has been made to serve the French interests instead of serving the interests of the Chadians.
The study suggests that if the Republic of Chad is to be successful in achieving political and economic independence, it must wage war against neo-colonialism and petty-bourgeois elements who are aligning themselves with the imperialists to destabilize the political economy of the country.
Our analysis of the OAU's role in Chad shows that no stone was left unturned to bring a lasting solution to the Chadian conflict; but the noble efforts of the OAU could not possibly bear fruit because the OAU has so far not had much success in implementing its policy of resisting foreign intervention in essentially African conflicts.
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com, easther@telstra, and Eng Choo Elaine Teh. "Intergenerational tension in the workplace : a multi-disciplinary and factor analytic approach to the development of an instrument to measure generational differences in organisations." Murdoch University, 2002. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051216.144720.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An ageing population is changing the nature of the workplace, one outcome of which is an increase in the proportion of older workers. Unlike older workers of some twenty or so years ago, today's older workers plan to stay at work longer than at first anticipated. However, as many older workers have found, their intended and continued presence in the workplace is not always appreciated. As such, they are subject to subtle and not so subtle forms of discrimination associated with ageist practices, or ageism, and negative perceptions regarding their ability to compete on equal terms with younger workers. In turn, it is suggested that older workers, too, indulge in ageist practices and the stereotyping of younger workers. It is proposed that underlying generational differences,when combined with ageism, negative stereotyping and discriminatory organisational practices, are responsible for a new phenomenon called intergenerational tension in the workplace.
The notion of tension, which can be thought of as suppressed anxiety or a strained relationship between individuals and groups, is important because intergenerational tension is presented as a latent or covert phenomenon. From this comes the following definition: "lntergenerational tension in the workplace is a latent or covert form of intergroup conflict caused by value and attitudinal differences between the generations." lntergenerational tension can be thought of as an everyday fact of organisational life which exists as an undercurrent or type of background organisational noise that is so pervasive that it is rarely noticed. In this respect, intergenerational tension bears similarities to gender and ethnic tensions both of which have been recognised as counterproductive to organisational efficiency.
This thesis proposes a construct to measure this intergenerational tension. To investigate the generational differences associated with this new construct, a 25-item questionnaire was developed. The first stage in the development of the questionnaire was an informal experience survey that was completed by a small sample (n=54) of adults ranging in age from 21 years to 70+ years. A pilot study questionnaire was then constructed and administered to a small, stratified random sample of employees (n=60) from the Western Australia Police Service (WAPS). WAPS has recently changed from a seniority-based promotion system to a merit-based system for most positions and is undergoing a major cultural change in response to social and political pressure. Following data analysis, the final questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire, called the Intergenerational Tension Questionnaire (ITQ) was administered to a stratified random sample of employees from WAPS. Five hundred completed responses were subject to factor analysis in which principal components analysis extracted seven factors or dimensions thought to underlie intergenerational tension. Further data analysis revealed that on average, younger workers (i.e., less than 40 years of age) displayed less intergenerational tension than did older workers (i.e., more than 40 years of age). Data for workers a generation apart (i.e., 20 years apart) were also analysed, with the younger generation being those less than 30 years of age (the Under 30s) and the older generation being those more than 50 years of age (the Over 50s). The younger generation, on average, displayed less intergenerational tension than did the older generation.
Of the measures, organisational change was associated with the greatest degree of intergenerational tension for all groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the best predictors of intergenerational tension for younger workers and older workers were age, the length of service with one's current employer, and the number of years in the paid work force. For workers a generation apart, multiple regression analysis revealed that age was the only predictor. It was fortuitous that at the time of the study, the majority of younger workers were Generation X and the majority of older workers were Baby Boomers. This meant that to all intents and purposes, the questionnaire measured differences between two well-studied generational cohorts.
The findings supported the notion that organisations should not assume they are treating all workers equitably. In particular, older workers feel disenfranchised and angry at their treatment by organisations which, in their opinion, favours younger workers. The implication for organisations is that both groups should be treated independently, with each having its own special needs and expectations. This includes, for example, implementing strategies such as training methods suited to the needs of each age group and conducting age diversity training to raise awareness of what it means to be either a younger worker or an older worker.
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Letamendi, Michael Carl. "Identifying the Factors That Influence Changes in Aggregate Sentiment Among the Masses: An Analysis of the Measure of Consumer Sentiment Through a Conflict Analysis and Resolution Lens." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The University of Michigan's Survey Research Center developed a tool to quantify how people feel towards the state of the economy. Dr. George Katona, a psychologist and professor at the University of Michigan developed the Index of Consumer Sentiment (ICS) in the 1940s. As decades of data were collected on aggregate consumer sentiment through the 50s and 60s, a discovery was made. The ICS seemed to indirectly predict the direction of the economy by accurately anticipating aggregate purchasing versus saving decisions. The index is even used today by the U.S. Government to measure consumer confidence and has been noted to give investors an unfair advantage if they have this information before others. The literature shows many researchers attempting to measure the index's predictive ability on consumer expenses, but little to none have conducted an in depth analysis on identifying which variables, experiences, and individual characteristics influence the ICS. This dissertation takes on a systems perspective to recognize that the economy is one large societal system; whereby, all members of society along all levels on the socioeconomic strata are interconnected and are in conflict with their needs and values. A 45-question survey was distributed to a national sample of 535 participants. Participants from all states in the U.S. (except North Dakota), and including Puerto Rico were captured in the sample population. The survey identifies each participant's economic literacy, income levels, gender identities, political and religious affiliations, participant and parent's level of education, marital status, household size, employment status, news network preference, trust in the government, willingness to commit a crime in bad financial times, and personal experiences with foreclosure, bankruptcy and layoffs, among other variables. This quantitative methods research utilizes Spearman's rho correlation coefficient to identify the variables that are most statistically significant in influencing the ICS. The data show strong statistical significance among certain variables and the ICS (such as discretionary income, trust in the government, and news network preference), which further grounds the fact that consumers are easily conditioned and influenced by their environment.
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O'Brien, Constance R. "Community development and conflict resolution : an examination of the potential for complementary strategies in post-settlement contexts, with special reference to Northern Ireland and South Africa." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.586718.
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Raddatz, Rosalind. "Blood, Sweat, and Canapés: Assessing Negotiators and Their Tactics to End the Liberian and Sierra Leonean Civil Wars." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34185.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Current political research on peace negotiations is fundamentally incomplete because it lacks the capacity to explain individual intents, choices and actions. This dissertation asks what impact individual negotiators, their approaches and choices of tactics have on peace talks and their outcomes. Individual people—be they representatives of rebel groups, non-governmental organisations or states—negotiate peace agreements. Consequently, an examination of individual motivations and actions in negotiations yields important knowledge. A fuller understanding of political negotiations, negotiators, and their tactics in Sierra Leone and Liberia is facilitated through a multidisciplinary consideration of the psychology, law and management studies literatures that consider individual motivations, biases, and behaviours.
Based on extensive field research in Sierra Leone and Liberia, including numerous interviews with key players, I argue that individuals and their specific approaches and tactics influenced and altered the course of these peace negotiations, as well as their outcomes. Negotiators engaged in peace talks with underlying approaches (such as competitive, collaborative and cooperative styles) and then came to use various tactics (including shifting goalposts, hardball, silence, and bad faith), many of which were influenced by their innate biases and frames. Exploring these individuals’ conduct gives us previously unexplored insight into peace processes.
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Ahammad, Ronju. "Understanding institutional changes for reducing vulnerability to landslides in Chittagong City, Bangladesh." Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-41252.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ineffective hill management policy at the national level and weak enforcement by thelocal authorities has created space for developing many informal settlements alonglandslide prone hillslopes in Chittagong city, Bangladesh. These settlements areconsidered illegal by the formal authorities, the settlers perceive their presence inthose areas as legal occupants, which have caused land tenure conflicts with formalauthorities over the last decades. The continual land tenure conflict has weakenedinstitutional arrangement for reducing vulnerability to landslides in the informalsettlements. The thesis paper is prepared based on the findings of a case study on thelandslides which occurred in 2007 in Chittagong city. The fieldwork of the study wascarried out using qualitative tools such as individual interviewing of organisationalrespondents and a focus group interview in Matijarna informal settlement to examinewhat institutional changes have occurred for reducing social vulnerability of informalsettlers to landslides in Chittagong city. The study finds that the institutional changeshave occurred as short-term mitigation policies like establishing structural measuresalong hillslopes for adjustment and relocation of the most vulnerable informal settlers.Anchoring on institutional change theory, the study suggests that new policies mayreduce social vulnerability of informal settlers to landslides through addressing thefollowing issues. First, previous institutional arrangements and how those shapedpresent vulnerability of informal settlers to landslides must be understood. Second,land tenure security of the informal settlers must be well incorporated in currentmitigation policies. Third, organisational coordination should be strengthened fromnational to local level, as well as, between government agencies and otherorganisations like NGOs and civil society to facilitate policy implementation process.
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Devahoma-Indongo, Mirjam Nelao. "The dispute prevention and resolution systems in Namibia." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magister Legum - LLMThe resolution of disputes, including unfair dismissal disputes under the Labour Act 2007 is being criticised for being too complex, inefficient, protracted, expensive, and highly legalistic. This thesis would denote that the provision of proactive and expeditious dispute resolution systems helps to resolve labour disputes in the most effective and efficient manner, without necessarily having to resort to the courts. The ultimate goal is to ensure that the legal framework regulating the labour dispute system in Namibia assures the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) of its credibility, thereby creating confidence and enabling stakeholders to trust the system. Ideally, disputes should be resolved at the conciliation level, resulting in the minority of disputes being referred to arbitration or the Labour Court. The Office of the Labour Commissioner must be independent of the state, since the state is the largest employer, to ensure the stakeholders trust the system. However, it has been established that there are gaps between the legal framework relating to labour dispute resolution and the application of laws and regulations in practice, making the attainment of effective and efficient labour dispute resolution difficult. Therefore, the thesis will analyse the ADR in Namibia to finding out if the system is sufficient and appropriate for society’s need and to provide a recommendation for the system that is a quicker, equitable, and amicable way of resolving the disputes outside the courts through conciliation and arbitration.
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Abu-Khalaf, N. S. "The European Community and the Arab-Israeli conflict : The collective policy of the member states of the European Community towards the promotion and establishment of a Middle East settlement." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373214.
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Garbarčík, Marek. "Úloha EÚ pri riešení konfliktov v Južnom Osetsku a Abcházsku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113477.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis deals with role of the European Union in the ethnic conflicts of South Caucasus, notably in South Ossetia and Abkhazia. In the first part, the author concentrates on the evolution of situation in South Ossetia and Abkhazia as well as on the role of international actors in these territories, before the outbreak of war between Russia and Georgia in August 2008. The master thesis continues with the analysis of the EU's engagement in break-away territories where author focuses on the evaluation of specific policies and instruments used by the EU towards the two ethnic territories and Georgia. The final section assesses the EU's responsiveness during the Russian-Georgian war and also the steps taken in the period after the violence. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to evaluate the Union's policies in South Ossetia and Abkhazia before, during and after the breakthrough war in August 2008. In this context, the author concludes that EU policies have failed because of unability to prevent a renewed outbreak of violence. Failure depended on the EU's reluctance to get involved in political and security issues and also on Russia's influence on decision-making process of the EU member states.
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Олександрівна, Басаман Катерина. "Волонтерська діяльність в умовах військового конфлікту на Донбасі". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/30763.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
В даній магістерській дисертації розкрито зміст понять «волонтерство», «волонтерська організація» та «волонтерський рух»; визначені основні характеристики та підходи до класифікації волонтерства. В роботі також досліджувалися історія розвитку волонтерського руху в світі та в Україні, а також місце волонтерської діяльності в концепціях з миробудування, зокрема гібридного миру. Особлива увага була приділена дослідженню особливостей активізації та розвитку волонтерства в умовах збройного конфлікту на Донбасі. З результатів власного експертного опитування були розкриті особливості основних напрямів волонтерської діяльності в умовах військового конфлікту.This master's thesis discloses the concepts of “volunteering”, “volunteer organization” and “volunteer movement”; the main characteristics and approaches to the classification of volunteering are identified. The work also examined the history of the development of the volunteer movement in the world and in Ukraine, as well as the place of volunteer activity in the concepts of peacebuilding, in particular the hybrid peace. Particular attention was paid to the study of the features of the activation and development of volunteering in the conditions of armed conflict in the Donbass. From the results of our own expert survey, the features of the main areas of volunteer activity in the conditions of a military conflict were revealed.
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Nardi, Fernanda Lüdke. "Adolescentes em conflito com a lei : percepções sobre família, ato infracional e medida socioeducativa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/23013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este estudo investigou as percepções de adolescentes autores de ato infracional sobre sua própria família, o ato infracional cometido e a medida socioeducativa. Foram realizados estudos de caso com três adolescentes, do sexo masculino, com idades entre 15 e 18 anos, que cumpriam medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto. Os instrumentos utilizados foram uma entrevista semiestruturada, o genograma e o Family System Test (FAST). Foram feitas análises individuais de cada caso e uma discussão integrada, enfocando os contextos de desenvolvimento e a infração juvenil. Foram identificados os fatores de proteção e de risco presentes nos contextos nos quais os jovens estavam inseridos, sendo que as práticas educativas parentais foram percebidas como fator de risco no desenvolvimento destes jovens, enquanto que a medida socioeducativa foi percebida como um importante fator de proteção. Destaca-se a importância de estudos que investiguem os fatores individuais e ambientais envolvidos na problemática da infração juvenil, para que possam ser propostos programas de prevenção e intervenção adequados.This study investigated the perceptions of adolescents who were authors of infraction acts on their own families, the committed infraction act and the socio-educational measure. Case studies were conducted with three adolescents, male, aged between 15 and 18 years old who were in freedom, but followed by a supervised socioeducative measure. The instruments utilized were a semi-structured interview, a genogram and the Family System Test (FAST). In addition, individual analyses from each case and an integrated discussion were carried out, focusing on contexts of development and youth infraction. Risk and protection factors were identified in the contexts in which the young individuals lived and the parent educational practices were perceived as a risk factor in the development of these young individuals, while the socio-educational measure was perceived as an important protection factor. Finally, the importance of studies that investigate individual and environmental factors involved in the issue of youth infraction were highlighted which allows that adequate programs of prevention and intervention are proposed.
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Werner, Sheyla. "Jovens e[m] medidas socioeducativas de internação : entre normativas, contextos e notícias." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178792.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Esta dissertação coloca em foco o jovem em conflito com a lei em medida socioeducativa de internação, sendo, essa medida, a resposta estatal mais severa ao cometimento de ato infracional. O recorte é o estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, foi cartografada entrelaçando e analisando intensidades: as vivenciadas, recordadas por registros fotográficos, da pesquisadora, em uma unidade de atendimento socioeducativo; as que se apresentam nas legislações, através de um panorama histórico mostrando a transição da Doutrina da Situação Irregular para a Doutrina da Proteção Integral, com seus respectivos ordenamentos normativos: os códigos de menores de 1927 e o de 1979, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA, lei Federal nº 8.069/1990) e a instituição do Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo (SINASE, Lei 12.594, de 18 de janeiro de 2012). Na análise do que é dito, anunciado, escrito se tratando do jovem em conflito com a lei, entrelaçou-se ainda, a necessidade pela busca de como esse jovem é escrito, anunciado, de forma acessível para a população em geral: mapearam-se, assim, as notícias do periódico de maior circulação do estado, em seu formato on-line, acrescidas, então, à pesquisa. A base teórica se aproxima das perspectivas de Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze e Felix Guattari, dialogando com autores diversos, tais quais: José Machado Pais, Deisemer Gorczevski, João Batista Costa Saraiva, Carmem Craidy, Gislei Lazzaroto, dentre outros Nesta pesquisa, percebem-se diferenças ao que se propõe em lei, à realidade encontrada e, também, ao que se apresenta no dizer social e midiático quanto aos jovens e as medidas socioeducativas de internação. Ao focalizar os modos como os sujeitos são referidos, nomeados, descritos, vê-se significativos avanços nas proposições legais, enquanto, nas notícias do dispositivo analisado, encontra-se indícios da infâmia e a tendência de uma visão pautada no menorismo. Frente a tantas distâncias encontradas, ressalta-se a necessidade de distanciar esses sujeitos do lugar de infame e, por fim, reforça-se a importância de vê-los como jovens, compreendendo as pluralidades, e, empreendendo a eles, suas singularidades, perfomidades, culturas, histórias, vidas. Nesse sentido, destaca-se: embora esses jovens sejam autores de infrações e são sentenciados por isso, também são atores principais de uma família, sendo filho, irmão, mãe, pai, muitas vezes. Tornando-se indispensável, principalmente, vê-los como sujeitos. Sujeitos de direito. Para além das normativas e das notícias infames de suas histórias, mas em sua rede social, de saúde e educação.This dissertation focuses on the young person in conflict with the law under the socio-educative measure of detention, as this is the most severe state response to an infraction. The profile is the state of Rio Grande Do Sul. The qualitative research was mapped by interweaving and analyzing intensities: those experienced, remembered by photographic records, of the researcher, in a socioeducative care unit; the those that are presented in legislation, through a historical panorama showing the transition from the Doctrine of Irregular Situation to the Doctrine of Integral Protection, with its respective normative ordinances: the juvenile codes from 1927 and 1979, the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA, Federal Law no. 8,069/1990), and the institution of the National Socio-Educational Service System (SINASE, Law no. 12,594, from January 18, 2012). In the analysis of what is said, announced, and written about the young person in conflict with the law, the need for the search of how this young person is written, announced, in an accessible way to the general population: this is how the news from the biggest newspaper in the state was mapped, from its online format, and then added to the research The theoretical basis approaches the perspectives of Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, and Felix Guattari, dialoguing with diverse authors, such as José Machado Pais, Deisemer Gorczevski, João Batista Costa Saraiva, Carmem Craidy, Gislei Lazzaroto, amongst others. In this research, differences are perceived in what is proposed in the law, and to the reality, and also, in what it is presented in the social and mediatic saying about the youngsters and the socio-educative measures of internment. By focusing on how subjects are referred to, named, described, significant advances are made in legal propositions, while in the news of the analyzed device there are signs of infamy and the tendency of a view based on minorism. Faced with so many distances found, the need to distance these subjects from the place of infamy is emphasized and, finally, the importance of seeing them as young people, understanding the pluralities, and, by undertaking their singularities, perfomities, cultures, stories, and lives. In this sense, it is noteworthy: although these young people are perpetrators of offenses and sentenced for them, they are also main actors of a family, being sons, brothers, mothers, or fathers. It is mainly indispensable to see them as subjects. Subjects of right, in addition to the regulations and the infamous news stories, but in their social, health and education networks.
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Pinheiro, Paulo Fernando. "A CORRESPONSABILIDADE DA FAMÍLIA EM RELAÇÃO À PROTEÇÃO SOCIAL DOS ADOLESCENTES EM CONFLITO COM A LEI NO CONTEXTO DO PROGRAMA DE EXECUÇÃO DE MEDIDAS SOCIOEDUCATIVAS EM MEIO ABERTO – PEMSE DA CIDADE DE PONTA GROSSA - PR." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2014. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/210.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Previous issue date: 2014-09-08This research has as its object of study the culpability of the family of teenagers in compliance regime of socio-educational measure consistent in Assisted Freedom and Community Services, performed by the Program of Execution Socio-Educational Measures (PEMSE) in Open Environment of Ponta Grossa/PR, from a socioeconomic profile of the adolescents included in this program. The main objective of this study is to understand the responsibility of the family of the teenagers in the PEMSE context. This is a survey that listed the socio-juridical aspects, linking, quantitative and qualitatively, the data collected in the cadaster of the teenagers in the PEMSE. The methodological procedures adopted were the bibliographic research and documentary research. For the documentary research, was collected materials in the period of March 2012 to June 2013, documents from the City Department of Social Services, Municipal Social Welfare Council, Municipal Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents and PEMSE itself, verbal information of the coordination of PEMSE project, collection of material and interviews with the subjects of this research, apart from the interviews with three selected subjects that compose the structure of PEMSE. The testimonials were organized through the content analysis, in order to remove the sense of the information passed within the context in which the research was performed. This research is divided in three chapters, the first deals with the social and legal marks of children and adolescents in Brazil. The second chapter provides an overview of the socio-educational measures provided by ECA, focusing in measures of Assisted Freedom and Community Services performed in Ponta Grossa. The last chapter gives a theoretical approach about the family, contextualizing with the content analysis of the testimonials of the subjects of this research, taking as delimiters, the study objectives. During the analysis of the testimonials, was possible to highlight three guiding categories: family and execution of socio-educational measures; family and PEMSE; and family and state. Thus, it was concluded that, although there is a care network and an Unified Social Assistance System that puts the family in the centrality of Public Policy, the family is still very responsible when it comes to teenagers who are fulfilling socio-educational measures, supporting the greater burden of responsibility that should be equally divided between this entity, society, community and the state.
A presente pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a culpabilização da família dos adolescentes em regime de cumprimento de medida socioeducativa consistentes em Liberdade Assistida e Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade, executadas pelo Programa de Execução de Medidas Socioeducativas (PEMSE) em Meio Aberto de Ponta Grossa/PR, a partir de um perfil socioeconômico dos adolescentes inseridos neste programa. O objetivo principal do estudo é compreender a corresponsabilidade da família dos adolescentes no contexto PEMSE. Trata-se de uma pesquisa que erigiu os aspectos sociojurídicos, articulando, quantitativa e qualitativamente, os dados levantados nos cadastros dos adolescentes no PEMSE. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foram adotadas a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental. Para esta última, coletou-se materiais compreendidos no período de março de 2012 a junho de 2013, documentos junto à Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social, Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social, Conselho Municipal dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente e do próprio PEMSE, informações verbais procedidas junto à coordenação do projeto, retirada de material e entrevistas com os sujeitos da pesquisa, além das próprias entrevistas com três sujeitos selecionados que compõem o quadro de profissionais do PEMSE. Os depoimentos foram sistematizados através da análise de conteúdo, a fim de retirar o sentido das informações repassadas dentro do contexto em que a pesquisa foi realizada. Dividiu-se o trabalho em três capítulos, sendo que o primeiro trata dos marcos social e jurídico da criança e do adolescente no Brasil. O segundo capítulo mostra um panorama das medidas socioeducativas previstas pelo ECA, afunilandose nas medidas de Liberdade Assistida e Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade executadas em Ponta Grossa. O último capítulo faz uma abordagem teórica sobre a família, contextualizando com a análise do conteúdo dos depoimentos dos sujeitos da pesquisa, tendo como delimitadores, os objetivos do estudo. Durante a análise dos depoimentos, foi possível destacar três categorias norteadoras: família e execução de medida socioeducativa; família e PEMSE; e família e Estado. Desta forma, foi possível concluir que, embora exista toda uma rede assistencial e um Sistema Único de Assistência Social que coloque a família na centralidade das Políticas Públicas, a família ainda é muito responsabilizada quando se trata de adolescentes que estão cumprindo medida socioeducativa, suportando a maior carga de responsabilidade que deveria ser igualmente dividida entre este ente, a sociedade, a comunidade e o Estado.
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Antão, Renata Cristina do Nascimento. "O direito à educação do adolescente em situação de privação de liberdade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-12022014-145037/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A educação, tida como direito fundamental, ou seja, um direito público subjetivo, de aplicabilidade imediata, nos estabelecimentos de privação de liberdade muitas vezes acaba se limitando a figurar como uma garantia simbólica. Muitos dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei entram no sistema punitivo juvenil apresentando baixo grau de escolaridade, e, ao longo do cumprimento das medidas socioeducativas, permanecem apresentando déficit no ensino e com atitudes aquém da proposta ressocializadora e educacional da medida punitiva. Sendo a educação um direito de todos, ela deve ser efetivada e assegurada sempre, principalmente porque a educação, em seu sentido amplo, possibilita a resignificação do jovem em conflito com a lei. O presente estudo pretendeu analisar o direito à educação do adolescente em privação de liberdade, sua garantia e aplicação nos estabelecimentos de privação de liberdade nos quais são cumpridas medidas socioeducativas de internação e semiliberdade. Para tanto, foi sistematizada e analisada a legislação referente ao direito à educação, ao direito da criança e do adolescente, e mais especificamente a juventude em conflito com a lei, para assim, confrontarmos o direito formulado em nossa legislação e literatura acadêmico-doutrinária a jurisprudência relativa à aplicação deste direito.Education is regarded as a fundamental right, ie a public right of immediate applicability. Establishments of deprivation of freedom, it often ends up limited to feature as guarantee symbolic. Many adolescents in conflict with the law go into punitive juvenile system presenting low educational level, and along the fulfillment of the socioeducational measures, they still present educational deficits and actions behind the proposal of re-socialize and educate of punitive measure. Being education a right of everyone, it should be carried out and guaranteed always mainly because education in its widest sense, allows resignification of the youth in conflict with law. The aim of this study is to examine the right to education of adolescents deprived of freedom, security and application in their establishments of deprivation of liberty in which educational measures are met hospitalization and semi-freedom. Therefore, we analyzed the legislation concerning the right to education, the right of children and adolescents, and more specifically the youth in conflict with the law, thus confronting the law formulated in our legislation and academic literature-doctrinal rulings concerning under that law.
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Costa, Lizinara Pereira da. "RELAÇÕES FAMILIARES E INSTITUCIONAIS DE JOVENS QUE CUMPRIRAM MEDIDA SOCIOEDUCATIVA EM MEIO ABERTO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10367.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This current study aims to discuss the issue of adolescents in conflict with the law and the socio-educational measures (MSE) in assisted freedom. This work was divided into two articles, one theoretical and one empirical. The first is a review of literature on the subject teenager in conflict with the law: a review of the contributions of social, family and individual variables. In addition to the macro social conditions, the problem of the offender s behavior suffers the influence of control institutions (family, school), peer groups and individual aspects (biological and personality characteristics). To understand and address the juvenile delinquency, it becomes important to consider many aspects from a broader view in order to assess the conditions of a society at the structural level up to a vision that incorporates aspects of micro-social contexts of socio-psychological and individual levels. The second article explored the opinion of three teenagers on the MSE compliance experience in liberty. The qualitative analysis showed the following sub-units and categories: influence of family relations (conflict and/or emotional distancing, emotional support and instrumental); influence of institutional relations (emotional and instrumental support); and future plans (study, work and family). The results showed that both the relations with family and the relations with friendships seem to have contributed to these young people to engage in illegal acts. In conclusion, it is believed not to be feasible any intervention to adolescents in conflict with the law without covering the family with the same emphasis. It is highlighted the importance of studies that investigate individual biological factors along with external, family and cultural factors, so they can have subsidies targeted the prevention and the intervention in these situations.O presente estudo propõe discutir a questão do adolescente em conflito com a lei e as relações familiares e institucionais de jovens que cumpriram Medida Socioeducativa em meio aberto. Este trabalho foi dividido em dois artigos, sendo um teórico e um empírico. O primeiro representa uma revisão da literatura referente à temática de adolescente em conflito com a lei, revisando as contribuições de variáveis sociais, familiares e individuais. O artigo discute resultados de estudos a partir da formulação teórica proposta por Shoemaker, na qual além das condições macrossociais, o problema do comportamento infrator sofre a influencia das instituições de controle (família, escola), dos grupos de pares e de aspectos individuais (características biológicas e de personalidade). Para compreender e enfrentar a infração juvenil torna-se importante considerar muitos aspectos desde uma visão mais ampla, que avalie as condições de uma sociedade em nível estrutural, até uma visão que incorpore aspectos de contextos microssociais, dos níveis sociopsicológico e individual. O segundo artigo explorou as relações familiares e institucionais de três adolescentes que cumpriram Medida Socioeducativa em meio aberto. A análise qualitativa das entrevistas evidenciaram as seguintes subunidades e categorias: influência das relações familiares (conflitos e/ou distanciamentos emocionais, apoio emocional e instrumental); influência das relações institucionais (apoio emocional e instrumental); e planos futuros (estudo, trabalho e família). Os resultados demonstraram que tanto as relações de familiares, quanto as relações de amizades, parecem ter contribuído para que estes jovens se envolvessem em atos infracionais. Em conclusão, acredita-se ser inviável uma intervenção ao adolescente em conflito com a lei, sem englobar a família, com a mesma ênfase. Destaca-se a importância de estudos, que investiguem os fatores biológicos individuais, concomitante com fatores externos, familiares e culturais, para que possam ter subsídios direcionados a prevenção e intervenção nestas situações.
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Pienaar, Ashwin Mark. "Israel and Palestine: some critical international relations perspectives on the 'two-state' solution." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research questions whether Israel and Palestine should be divided into two states. Viewed through the International Relations (IR) theories of Realism and Liberalism, the ‘Two-State’ solution is the orthodox policy for Israel and Palestine. But Israelis and Palestinians are interspersed and share many of the same resources making it difficult to create two states. So, this research critiques the aforementioned IR theories which underpin the ‘Two-State’ solution. The conclusion reached is that there ought to be new thinking on how to resolve the Israel-Palestine issue.
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Marechal, Romain. "La bioéthique et les contradictions normatives du droit international." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1058/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le droit international de la bioéthique, construction récente affiliée au système des droits de l'homme, s'élabore au carrefour de plusieurs ordres normatifs et sollicite, du point de vue de sa mise en œuvre, l'intervention d'une multitude de systèmes de régulation et de systèmes juridiques. Dans le contexte d'une crise de la régulation et compte tenu de la complexification et de la fragmentation du droit international, cette thèse propose de reconstruire une ontologie unitaire de l'ordre juridique international à partir d'une critique de l'épistémologie positiviste et de la conception de la mécanique normative qu'elle suppose. La bioéthique qui se conçoit comme une discipline de questionnement critique des principes qui fondent l'action humaine, opère tel un révélateur des contradictions normatives qui agissent au cœur de la structure des systèmes et des ordres juridiques. Ainsi, à partir de l'étude des conflits de valeurs, des conflits de normes, des conflits de droits, des conflits de systèmes juridiques et compte tenu de l'analyse des méthodes de neutralisation et de résolution mise en œuvre, au sein des différents systèmes juridiques, pour les traiter, cette thèse démontre la nécessité de concevoir le droit international comme un système dynamique, composé de normes et d'institutions entretenant entre eux des rapports de légitimité et d'effectivité, dont l'évolution générale est caractérisée par la non-linéarité. Dans cette perspective, cette thèse invite à concevoir la constitutionnalisation du droit international comme un processus dialectique impliquant une multitude de systèmes juridiques et institutionnelsBioethics in the field of human rights is a recent corpus of the international law. Biolaw instruments' had been elaborated at the crossroads of several normative orders.Their implementation requires the mobilization of a multitude of regulation systems. In the context of a crisis of legal regulation and considering the complexity and fragmentation of international law, this thesis suggests reconstructing a unified ontology of international law based on a critical appreciation of positivist epistemology. Bioethics, conceived as a critical discipline used to question principles which orient and justify human actions, reveals normative contradictions embedded in the structure of legal systems. Based on the study of conflicts between ethical values or between fundamental rights, norms conflict, conflict between legal systems and after having analyzed the methods used by international institutions to neutralize or resolve such contradictions, this thesis demonstrate the necessity to conceive international legal order as a dynamic system composed with heterogeneous norms and institutions linked by legitimacy and effectivity relationships. The evolution of international law can be characterized by non linearity and constitutionalization of international legal order appears as a dialectical process which requires the intervention of multiple international institutions and legal sub-systems
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Piccioni, Jaqueline da Silva. "O sistema socioeducativo e a profissionalização de jovens em conflito com a lei /." Franca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183314.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Maria Madalena GracioliResumo: O presente estudo buscou identificar se e como o acompanhamento em MSE em Meio Aberto garante a profissionalização de jovens autores de ato infracional, a partir das percepções da equipe executora do município de Ribeirão Preto – Estado de São Paulo, considerando a Lei 10.097/2000 – Lei da Aprendizagem. Composto por uma pesquisa de campo, que para a obtenção dos dados foi utilizado como instrumento entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizada com cinco Orientadores Sociais responsáveis por acompanharem os jovens em situação de cumprimento de Medida Socioeducativa (MSE) em meio aberto, em duas Organizações da Sociedade Civil do referido Município. Realizadas individualmente e gravadas em áudio, as entrevistas foram transcritas na íntegra e categorizadas. Como repertório teórico para discussão dos dados, o estudo pautou-se nas principais legislações que preconizam o direito a profissionalização do jovem, sendo elas: Lei nº 8.069/1990 – Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, Lei nº 12.852/2013 – Estatuto da Juventude e Lei nº 12.594/2012 – Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo e, a Lei 10.097/2000 – Lei da Aprendizagem e, o Decreto n° 8.740/2016, que dispõe sobre a experiência prática do jovem aprendiz. Também compuseram o referencial teórico os estudos de Dayrell, Freitas, Pais, Gracioli, dentre outros, que abordam a juventude considerando as suas mais variadas expressões, porém, com enfoque para exclusões sofridas pelas classes menos favorecidas no processo de afirmação da ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present study aimed to identify if and how the follow-up in MSE in the open environment guarantees the professionalization of young offenders, from the perceptions of the executing team of Ribeirão Preto - State of São Paulo, considering Law 10.097 / 2000 - Law of Learning. Composed of a field survey, which was used as an instrument for semi-structured interviews, with five social counselors responsible for accompanying young people in compliance with a socio-educational measure (MSE) in an open environment in two civil society organizations of said Municipality. Performed individually and recorded in audio, the interviews were transcribed in full and categorized. As a theoretical repertoire for the discussion of data, the study was based on the main legislation that advocates the right to professionalization of the youth, such as: Law No. 8.069 / 1990 - Statute of the child and adolescent, Law No. 12.852/2013 - Youth Statute and Law No. 12.594/2012 - National Socio-Educational Assistance System and Law 10.097 / 2000 - Learning Law and Decree No. 8.740 / 2016, which provides for the practical experience of the young learner. Also included in the theoretical reference are the studies of Dayrell, Freitas, Pais, Gracioli, among others, that approach the youth considering their most varied expressions, but with a focus on exclusions suffered by the less favored classes in the process of affirmation of the juvenile condition , and consequently, the subject of rights at a pecul... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Guarnieri, Maria Mercedes Whitaker Kehl Vieira Bicudo. "O trabalho das psicólogas na Fundação Casa: trajetórias e desafios." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18838.
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Maria Mercedes Whitaker Guarnieri.pdf: 1669106 bytes, checksum: fb219973b2360b7b546f9d679b38d037 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T16:59:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Mercedes Whitaker Guarnieri.pdf: 1669106 bytes, checksum: fb219973b2360b7b546f9d679b38d037 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-30
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Institutionalization of children and adolescents in Brazil dates back to centuries and it has a history marked by mostly segregating practices, moralizing, hygienists, criminal ones, it is mainly after the XIX century they were built in partnership with the Medicine and the Law. In these developments, Psychology became involved, at first by demand of law and the bias of medical sciences. In Brazil the profession was regulated in 1962, and FEBEM in São Paulo gives rise to Pró-Menor in 1976, during the military dictatorship. After the advent of ECA (1990) shall enter into force adolescent accountability in conflict with the law through socio-educational measures in open, semi-open or closed environment. And the beginning of a new public policy with educative nature that considers children and adolescents as being in development and protagonists of their stories. In 2012 it is enacted the Law 12.584/12 (SINASE) that regulates the implementation of these socio- educational measures. CASASP Foundation, that in 2006 replaced FEBEM, aimed to decentralize attendance and currently only performs the social educational measures of semi liberty and detention. Despite of all the advances made by workers after the democratization of the country once again, deprivation of liberty of adolescents in Brazil, more specifically in São Paulo, still presents punitive goal and it has its daily life permeated by various ways of violence. It is in this context that psychologists work, by placing themselves face to face with enormous challenges and contradictions. It is through the trajectory of four psychologists that this research aims to analyze meaning senses they attach to activity, the process between the prescribed and the real activity, the main strategies and confrontations. Based on historical social psychology it was possible to verify that the hindering aspects produce suffering and feelings as impotence and devaluation. On the other hand, the teamwork centralized on adolescent and collective formed by professionals leverage them and give meaning to the work. Finally it can be considered that psychologists´ work establish as a permanent questioning exercise, on behalf of adolescents, firm in the ethical-political commitment
A institucionalização de crianças e adolescentes no Brasil remonta a séculos e possui uma história marcada por práticas majoritariamente segregatórias, moralizantes, higienistas, criminalizantes, sendo que principalmente após o século XIX foram construídas em parceira com a Medicina e o Direito. Nestes desdobramentos, a Psicologia se fez implicada, a princípio por demanda de ordem jurídica, e no viés das ciências médicas. No Brasil a profissão foi regulamentada em 1962, e a FEBEM de São Paulo dá lugar a Pró-Menor em 1976, em plena ditadura militar. Após o advento do ECA (1990) entra em vigor a responsabilização do adolescente em conflito com a lei através de medidas socioeducativas, em meio aberto, semiaberto ou fechado. É o início de uma nova política pública com caráter educativo que considera crianças e adolescentes seres em desenvolvimento e protagonistas de suas histórias. Em 2012 é promulgada a Lei 12.584/12 (SINASE) que regulamenta a execução destas medidas socioeducativas. A Fundação CASA-SP, que em 2006 substituiu a FEBEM, procurou descentralizar o atendimento e atualmente executa somente as medidas socioeducativas de semiliberdade e internação. Apesar de todos os avanços conquistados pelos trabalhadores após a redemocratização do país, a privação de liberdade de adolescentes no Brasil, mais especificadamente em São Paulo, ainda apresenta caráter punitivista e tem seu cotidiano permeado pelas diversas formas da violência. É neste contexto que psicólogas trabalham, colocando-se frente a frente a enormes desafios e contradições. É através da trajetória de quatro psicólogas que esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar sentidos-significados que atribuem a atividade, o processo entre a atividade prescrita e real, as principais estratégias e enfrentamentos. Com base na Psicologia Sócio-Histórica, foi possível verificar que os aspectos impeditivos geram sofrimento e sentimentos como os de impotência e desvalorização. Por outro lado, o trabalho em equipe centralizado no adolescente e os coletivos formados pelas profissionais as potencializam e dão sentido ao trabalho. Por fim, pode-se considerar que o trabalho das psicólogas constitui-se como um exercício de permanente questionamento, e deve se manter posicionado, em prol dos adolescentes, firmes no compromisso ético-político
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Hurtado, Falvy Juan Manuel. "From the Decision Conciliation to the Dispute Resolution Board: Notes in relation to the Dispute Resolution Board as a New Method of Conflict Resolution for a Formalized Work Contract Under the scope of the New Public Procurement Law." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117996.
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The new Public Procurement Law introduces the Dispute Boards as a new settlement ofdisputes and contestations during the contractual execution of the work phase. The present article works, in the first place, the framework of public procurement and the controversies that are originated in the matter. Then, it will expose the development of the Dispute Boards in other countried and their characteristics. Finally, it concludes identifying the type of Dispute Boards that is being adopted in Peruvian law, showing his vantages and disadvantages.La nueva Ley de Contrataciones del Estado, Ley N° 30225, incorpora la Junta de Resolución de Disputas, como un nuevo mecanismo de resolución de conflictos durante la fase de ejecución contractual de obras.En el artículo se desarrolla, en primer lugar, el marco de las contrataciones del Estado y las controversias que se originan en el mismo. Posteriormente, se expone el desarrollo de los Dispute Boards internacionalmente y sus características, y se concluye identificando el tipo de Dispute Boards adoptado en la legislación peruana, exponiendo sus fortalezas y debilidades.
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Gomes, Geisa Rodrigues. "Práticas de socioeducação à luz da Justiça Restaurativa: potencialização de mudanças?" Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17004.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-04Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
With the Federal Constitution, ECA and SINASE, there is legal basis for social educative action along with the authors of infractions acts, according to a ensure rights practice. However, it is not observed in the execution of this social educative measure that substantial progress toward overcoming a repressive-correctional model is being implemented. One of the challenges is the change of mentality among all sectors of the childcare system in accordance with mentioned laws. With this point of view, and in the Fundação CASA (Foundation Center of Socio-educative Atendment to the Teenager) context, this study presents and discusses an experience of the research author in forming socio-educationers in two detention centers. Through the method of Restorative Justice, more specifically Peace Circles, we have tried to influence change in the ideological perspective of the civil servants, whom work in the socio-educative practice. This experience will be analyzed from the theoretical contributions of Restorative Justice, under the concepts of conflict, participation and justice in three conflictive situations that stood out in this training process: 1) The introduction of an approach to the adolescent model named Centro de Convívio Social (Social Interaction Center); 2) Speeches of officials about the way they relate to the teenagers; and 3) Riots occurring in both Service Centers. Although it was not possible to complete the training, this specific experience suggests that, with the help of experts in Restorative Justice, supported by research and evaluation processes, Restorative Justice when directed to socioeducators can qualify the socio-educative action. Moreover, considering the risks of this proceeding to be distorted to disciplinary purposes, especially when used with adolescents in a coercive context as an internment center, Restorative Justice directed the officials, may be an interesting alternative, if accompanied by changes in institutional culture as a whole. In this experiment we were able to point out, among other gains, the possibility to turn the care and punitive approaches into an opportunity of collective reflection for a ensure of rights and transdisciplinary practice, in which young people are no longer seen as victims or victimizers, and start to be recognized as people of rights and responsibilities
Com a Constituição Federal, ECA e SINASE, temos embasamento jurídico para uma ação socioeducativa junto a autores de atos infracionais, consoante a uma prática garantista. No entanto, não são observados na execução da medida socioeducativa de internação, avanços substanciais em direção à superação de um modelo de atendimento repressivo-correcional. Um dos desafios está na mudança de mentalidade entre todos os atores do sistema socioeducativo em consonância com as referidas leis. Com este enfoque, e no contexto da Fundação CASA, o presente estudo apresenta e discute uma experiência da própria pesquisadora na formação de socioeducadores em dois Centros de Internação. Através de um método da Justiça Restaurativa, mais especificamente dos Círculos de Paz, tal capacitação buscou mobilizar deslocamentos na perspectiva ideológica dos servidores, sob a qual se assenta a prática socioeducativa. Cotejada a partir dos aportes teóricos da Justiça Restaurativa, sob os vetores conflito, participação e justiça em três situações conflitivas que tomaram centralidade neste processo de formação: 1) a apresentação de um Modelo de Atendimento denominado Centro de Convívio Social; 2) os discursos dos funcionários quanto ao modo de se relacionarem com os adolescentes; e 3) um tumulto ocorrido nos dois Centros de Atendimento. Apesar de não ter sido possível concluir o processo de formação, esta experiência pontual sugere que, com o auxilio de especialistas em Justiça Restaurativa, apoiada por processos de pesquisa e avaliação, a Justiça Restaurativa voltada aos socioeducadores pode qualificar a ação socioeducativa. Além disso, considerando os riscos deste proceder ser desvirtuado para finalidades disciplinatórias, especialmente quando utilizado com adolescentes em um contexto coercitivo como de um Centro de Internação, a Justiça Restaurativa direcionada aos funcionários, pode ser uma interessante alternativa, se estiver acompanhada de transformações no âmbito da cultura institucional como um todo. Nesta tímida experiência pudemos indicar, entre outros ganhos, a possibilidade de transformação das abordagens punitiva e assistencial como oportunidade de reflexão coletiva para uma prática transdisciplinar e garantista, em que os jovens deixem de ser vistos como vítimas ou algozes, e passem a ser reconhecidos como sujeitos de direito e de responsabilidade