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Homorogan, Claudia, Diana Nitusca, Virgil Enatescu, Philip Schubart, Corina Moraru, Carmen Socaciu, and Catalin Marian. "Untargeted Plasma Metabolomic Profiling in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry." Metabolites 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11070466.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a neuropsychiatric illness with an increasing incidence and a shortfall of efficient diagnostic tools. Interview-based diagnostic tools and clinical examination often lead to misdiagnosis and inefficient systematic treatment selection. Diagnostic and treatment monitoring biomarkers are warranted for MDD. Thus, the emerging field of metabolomics is a promising tool capable of portraying the metabolic repertoire of biomolecules from biological samples in a minimally invasive fashion. Herein, we report an untargeted metabolomic profiling performed in plasma samples of 11 MDD patients, at baseline (MDD1) and at 12 weeks following antidepressant therapy with escitalopram (MDD2), and in 11 healthy controls (C), using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-(ESI+)-MS). We found two putative metabolites ((phosphatidylserine PS (16:0/16:1) and phosphatidic acid PA (18:1/18:0)) as having statistically significant increased levels in plasma samples of MDD1 patients compared to healthy subjects. ROC analysis revealed an AUC value of 0.876 for PS (16:0/16:1), suggesting a potential diagnostic biomarker role. In addition, PS (18:3/20:4) was significantly decreased in MDD2 group compared to MDD1, with AUC value of 0.785.
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FALCONE, D. "QUARK MASS MATRICES AND OBSERVABLE QUANTITIES." Modern Physics Letters A 14, no. 29 (September 21, 1999): 1989–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732399002054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A nearly historical account of quark mass matrix models is given, and the structure of quark mass matrices in the standard model is studied. For a minimal parameter basis suggested earlier, where Mu is diagonal and Md11, Md13, Md31 are zero, the dependence of mass matrices on the CP violating phase δ of V CKM is reported: all parameters are almost independent, except Md22 and Md23, and the equality |Md22| = Md23 is obtained for a value of δ very close to the value which is favored by experiments. Moreover, on this basis, Md12≃Md21 and Md33≃2Md32. Some comments on mass matrices in left–right symmetric models are added.
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Hanuschak, J., M. P. Louis-Auguste, G. De Palma, E. Verdu, R. Anglin, M. Surette, S. M. Collins, and P. Bercik. "A50 TRANSFER OF DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE TO GNOTOBIOTIC MICE DEPENDS ON MICROBIAL FEATURES SPECIFIC TO INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 3, Supplement_1 (February 2020): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwz047.049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects approximately 4.4% of the global population. Despite its high prevalence, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this disorder. Recent studies in both humans and rodents have suggested that the intestinal microbiota may play a role in depression. Altered microbiota composition has been found in a subset of MDD patients. Preclinical studies have suggested that fecal microbiota transplant using pooled MDD patient samples can induce depressive-like behaviour in rodents. We have previously shown that the use of different microbiota donors with irritable bowel syndrome results in the induction of different phenotypes in recipient mice. Thus, we have hypothesized that pooling microbiota samples abrogates features that are unique to individual donors. Aims (1) Investigate whether the transfer of individual MDD patient microbiota can induce depressive-like behaviour in germ-free (GF) mice (2) Identify features of individual MDD patient microbiota that are associated with the depressive-like phenotype Methods GF NIH Swiss mice of both sexes (min. n=10 per group, total n=110) were colonized with either fecal microbiota from a single donor, MDD patient (MDD1-4) or matched healthy control (HC1-4), or pooled fecal microbiota from MDD1-4 or HC1-4. Mouse behaviour was assessed, using the open field test, three chamber sociability assay, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test. Stool samples were collected throughout the experiment for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Mice colonized with microbiota from patient MDD1 exhibited depressive-like behaviour, as assessed by the sucrose preference test and sociability assay, when compared to mice colonized with HC1 microbiota. This was not true for mice colonized with individual microbiota from the other three patients (MDD2-4) or with pooled MDD microbiota. Comparative analysis of the 16S data revealed a significant difference in Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity between MDD1 microbiota and pooled MDD microbiota. Four bacterial species were found to be significantly associated with the depressive-like phenotype in mice: Bacteroides acidifaciens, Bacteroides ovatus, unclassified species of Phascolarctobacterium (Veillonellacae family), and Eggerthella lenta. The relative abundances of these species did not differ significantly between the two pooled groups. Conclusions Microbiota from some, but not all, MDD patients can induce a depressive-like phenotype in GF mice. The ability to induce depressive-like behaviour in GF mice is lost when microbiota from multiple patients is pooled. Specific bacterial species may be responsible for the successful transfer of the depressive-like phenotype to mice. Funding Agencies NIH
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Han, Wen Yang, Si Xin Yu, and Jin Cheng Wei. "Application of Muti-Depth Deflectometer in Flexible Pavement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article introduces the application of the MDD(Multi-depth Deflectometer) in the asphalt concrete concrete pavement. By analyzing its work principle, MDD was calibrated to get the real response of the pavement structure and reveals its true condition. It also introduces the details of the MDDS installation and illustrates the analysis of the typical response date, which is helpful for the further application of MDD in the asphalt concrete pavement design.
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Perez, Guillaume, Steve Malalel, Gael Glorian, Victor Jung, Alexandre Papadopoulos, Marie Pelleau, Wijnand Suijlen, Jean-Charles Régin, and Arnaud Lallouet. "Generalized Confidence Constraints." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 4 (June 26, 2023): 4078–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i4.25523.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In robust optimization, finding a solution that solely respects the constraints is not enough. Usually, the uncertainty and unknown parameters of the model are represented by random variables. In such conditions, a good solution is a solution robust to most-likely assignments of these random variables. Recently, the Confidence constraint has been introduced by Mercier-Aubin et al. in order to enforce this type of robustness in constraint programming. Unfortunately, it is restricted to a conjunction of binary inequalities In this paper, we generalize the Confidence constraint to any constraint and propose an implementation based on Multi-valued Decision Diagrams (MDDs). The Confidence constraint is defined over a vector of random variables. For a given constraint C, and given a threshold, the Confidence constraint ensures that the probability for C to be satisfied by a sample of the random variables is greater than the threshold. We propose to use MDDs to represent the constraints on the random variables. MDDs are an efficient tool for representing combinatorial constraints, thanks to their exponential compression power. Here, both random and decision variables are stored in the MDD, and propagation rules are proposed for removing values of decision variables that cannot lead to robust solutions. Furthermore, for several constraints, we show that decision variables can be omitted from the MDD because lighter filtering algorithms are sufficient. This leads to gain an exponential factor in the MDD size. The experimental results obtained on a chemical deliveries problem in factories – where the chemicals consumption are uncertain – shows the efficiency of the proposed approach.
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Bergman, D., A. A. Cire, and W. Van Hoeve. "MDD Propagation for Sequence Constraints." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 50 (July 28, 2014): 697–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4199.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We study propagation for the Sequence constraint in the context of constraint programming based on limited-width MDDs. Our first contribution is proving that establishing MDD-consistency for Sequence is NP-hard. Yet, we also show that this task is fixed parameter tractable with respect to the length of the sub-sequences. In addition, we propose a partial filtering algorithm that relies on a specific decomposition of the constraint and a novel extension of MDD filtering to node domains. We experimentally evaluate the performance of our proposed filtering algorithm, and demonstrate that the strength of the MDD propagation increases as the maximum width is increased. In particular, MDD propagation can outperform conventional domain propagation for Sequence by reducing the search tree size and solving time by several orders of magnitude. Similar improvements are observed with respect to the current best MDD approach that applies the decomposition of Sequence into Among constraints.
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De Letter, Els A., Willy E. Lambert, Marie-Paule L. A. Bouche, Jan A. C. M. Cordonnier, Jan F. Van Bocxlaer, and Michel H. A. Piette. "Postmortem distribution of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N,N-dimethyl-amphetamine (MDDM or MDDA) in a fatal MDMA overdose." International Journal of Legal Medicine 121, no. 4 (April 25, 2006): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-006-0094-x.
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Erdol, Sahin, and Halil Saglam. "Outcomes of mitochondrial derived diseases: a single-center experience." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 31, no. 4 (March 28, 2018): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2017-0405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractBackground:The purpose of this study is to help elucidate which part of the mitochondria is causing a problem through anamnesis, physical examination, and routine biochemical tests in the event of a suspected mitochondrial disease case.Methods:The data were obtained retrospectively from the medical records of 75 cases; the mitochondrial-derived disease (MDD) cases were observed in our center from 2011 to 2017.Results:The most commonly observed MDDs were oxidative phosphorylation disorders at 44%, followed by fatty acid oxidation disorder at 40%, pyruvate metabolism disorder at 12%, and ketone metabolism disorder at 4%, respectively. The most common clinical presentation at the time of referral to the hospital was metabolic acidosis (20%), and the most common symptom was respiratory distress (24%). There were abnormal findings in 84.3% of the cases subjected to cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with the most common being hyperintensity in the bilateral basal ganglia (49.0%).Conclusions:Anamnesis, physical examination, and simple laboratory data could provide some important clues in assessing MDD. Blood gas should definitely be measured in cases with respiratory symptoms, particularly if they have a history of consanguineous marriage or a sibling suffering from a similar disease. If metabolic acidosis exists in the blood gas, MDDs should absolutely be included in the differential diagnosis. Furthermore, ophthalmic and cardiac assessment and cranial MRI will also reveal significant data for diagnosing MDDs.
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Aubol, Kevin G., Jillian L. Hawkins, and Clare E. Milner. "Tibial Acceleration Reliability and Minimal Detectable Difference During Overground and Treadmill Running." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 36, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2019-0272.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Measurements of tibial acceleration during running must be reliable to ensure valid results and reduce errors. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and minimal detectable difference (MDD) of peak axial and peak resultant tibial acceleration during overground and treadmill running. The authors also compared reliability and MDDs when peak tibial accelerations were determined by averaging 5 or 10 trials. Tibial acceleration was measured during overground and treadmill running of 19 participants using a lightweight accelerometer mounted to the tibia. Peak axial and peak resultant tibial accelerations were determined for each trial. Intraclass correlation coefficients determined within-session reliability, and MDDs were also calculated. Within-session reliability was excellent for all conditions (intraclass correlation coefficients = .95–.99). The MDDs ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 g for peak axial acceleration and from 1.6 to 2.0 g for peak resultant acceleration and were lowest for peak axial tibial acceleration during overground running. Averaging 10 trials did not improve reliability compared to averaging 5 trials but did result in small reductions in MDDs. For peak axial tibial acceleration only, lower MDDs indicate that overground running may be the better option for detecting small differences.
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Imada, Mizuho. "Distribution of sentence length and dependency distance in children’s compositions: Characteristics of natural language and variations in language development." F1000Research 12 (April 11, 2023): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.132383.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study analyzed the distribution of the sentence length and mean of dependency distances (MDD) in Japanese sentences, comparing data from random sources with that obtained from children's compositions, and identifying changes in distribution according to grade level. Findings reveal that the sentence length in random data is well suited to a geometric distribution, whereas MDD is well suited to a lognormal distribution. In contrast, data from children's compositions show a shift in the distribution of the number of clauses from a lognormal to a gamma distribution, depending on the school year, with MDD suiting a gamma distribution. Mean MDD increases exponentially with the logarithm of the number of clauses in random data, while it increases linearly in composition data, thus generally supporting previous findings that dependency distances are optimized in natural language. However, MDDs exhibit non-monotonic changes with grades, suggesting the complexity of children's language development.
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Oya, Masanori. "Differences of Mean Dependency Distances of English Essays Written by Learners of Different Proficiency Levels." Glottometrics 53 (2022): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53482/2022_53_400.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates the differences in the mean dependency distances (MDDs) of the English essays in a learner corpus, focusing on the different proficiency levels of learners, and the different dependency types. This study is based on the following three assumptions. Firstly, the MDDs of learners' production increase as proficiency levels increase. Secondly, there is an upper limit over which MDDs do not exceed, as predicted by the Dependency Distance Minimization principle. Finally, different types of dependencies show different tendencies across learners of different proficiency levels. This study attempts to verify these assumptions with substantial learner corpus data, categorized into subcorpora according to learner proficiency. Corpus analyses yield results that support these assumptions. These results are expected to constitute a prerequisite for employing the MDD of an individual learner's production to evaluate his or her proficiency level.
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Cire, Andre, and Willem-jan Van Hoeve. "MDD Propagation for Disjunctive Scheduling." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 22 (May 14, 2012): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v22i1.13521.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Disjunctive scheduling is the problem of scheduling activities that must not overlap in time. Constraint-based techniques, such as edge finding and not first/not-last rules, have been a key element in successfully tackling large and complex disjunctive scheduling problems in recent years. In this work we investigate new propagation methods based on limited-width Multivalued Decision Diagrams (MDDs). We present theoretical properties of the MDD encoding and describe filtering and refinement operations that strengthen the relaxation it provides. Furthermore, we provide an efficient way to integrate the MDD-based reasoning with state-of-the-art propagation techniques for scheduling. Experimental results indicate that the MDD propagation can outperform existing domain filters especially when minimizing sequence dependent setup times, in certain cases by several orders of magnitude.
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Alvarez-Sekely, Magaly, Ana Lopez-Bago, Renata Báez-Saldaña, Rodolfo E. Pezoa-Jares, Patricia Gorocica, Edgar Zenteno, Ricardo Lascurain, and Alfredo Saldívar-González. "Major Depressive Disorder and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Comorbidity Exacerbates Proinflammatory Immune Response—A Preliminary Study." Pathogens 12, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030361.
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Background: Major depressive disorders (MDDs) occurs frequently in patients with tuberculosis (TB). Elevated serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in MDD patients is a well-established fact. Therefore, an integrated clinical practice should be considered. However, the inflammatory status of MDD-TB patients is unknown. In this study, we analyze cytokines in activated-cells and sera from MDD-TB, TB, MDD patients, and healthy controls. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the intracellular production of interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after a polyclonal stimulation. A Bio-Plex Luminex system was used to measure serum cytokine and chemokine levels in the study groups. Results: We observed a 40.6% prevalence of MDD in TB patients. The proportion of IFN-gamma-producing cells was higher in MDD-TB patients than other pathological groups. Nevertheless, the percentage of TNF-alpha- and IL-12-producing cells was similar between MDD-TB and TB patients. Likewise, MDD-TB and TB patients showed similar serum pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels, which were significantly lower than those in MDD patients. By multiple correspondence analyses, we observed that low levels of serum IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were powerfully associated with TB comorbidities with MDD. Conclusions: A high frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells is associated with low levels of serum anti-inflammatory cytokines in MDD-TB patients.
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Fujisawa, Tomoyuki, Kazutaka Mori, Masashi Mikamo, Takashi Ohno, Kensuke Kataoka, Chikatoshi Sugimoto, Hideya Kitamura, et al. "Nationwide cloud-based integrated database of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias for multidisciplinary discussion." European Respiratory Journal 53, no. 5 (March 17, 2019): 1802243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02243-2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) requiring close communication between specialists (clinicians, radiologists and pathologists) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs). However, MDD by specialists is not always feasible because they are often separated by time and location. An online database would facilitate data sharing and MDD. Our aims were to develop a nationwide cloud-based integrated database containing clinical, radiological and pathological data of patients with IIPs along with a web-based MDD system, and to validate the diagnostic utility of web-based MDD in IIPs.Clinical data, high-resolution computed tomography images and lung biopsy slides from patients with IIPs were digitised and uploaded to separate servers to develop a cloud-based integrated database. Web-based MDD was performed using the database and video-conferencing to reach a diagnosis.Clinical, radiological and pathological data of 524 patients in 39 institutions were collected, uploaded and incorporated into the cloud-based integrated database. Subsequently, web-based MDDs with a pulmonologist, radiologist and pathologist using the database and video-conferencing were successfully performed for the 465 cases with adequate data. Overall, the web-based MDD changed the institutional diagnosis in 219 cases (47%). Notably, the MDD diagnosis yielded better prognostic separation among the IIPs than did the institutional diagnosis.This is the first study of developing a nationwide cloud-based integrated database containing clinical, radiological and pathological data for web-based MDD in patients with IIPs. The database and the web-based MDD system that we built made MDD more feasible in practice, potentially increasing accurate diagnosis of IIPs.
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Hu, Xiyuan, and Chao Guo. "Temporal trends and cohort variations of gender-specific major depressive disorders incidence in China: analysis based on the age-period-cohort-interaction model." General Psychiatry 37, no. 4 (July 2024): e101479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2023-101479.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundMajor depressive disorders (MDDs) impose substantial burdens on individuals and society; however, further detailed analysis is still needed for its long-term trends.AimsThis study aimed to analyse the gender-specific temporal trends and cohort variations of MDD incidence among Chinese residents over the past three decades.MethodsEmploying the age-period-cohort-interaction model and leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, this research identified and analysed incidence trends of MDD among Chinese males and females aged 5–94 years from 1990 to 2019 across three dimensions, encompassing age, period and birth cohort.ResultsThe analysis reveals age-related effects, indicating heightened MDD risk among adolescents and older adults. Specifically, individuals entering the older adulthood at the age of 65–69 significantly increased the risk of MDD by 64.9%. People aged 90–94 years witnessed a 105.4% increase in MDD risk for the overall population, with females and males in this age group experiencing a 75.1% and 103.4% increase, respectively. In terms of period effects, the risk of MDD displayed a decline from 1990 to 1994, followed by a rebound in 2008. Cohort effects demonstrated diverse generational patterns, with generation I and generation III manifesting opposing ‘age-as-level’ trends. Generation II and generation IV exhibited ‘cumulative disadvantage’ and ‘cumulative advantage’ patterns, respectively. Age effects indicated an overall higher risk of MDD incidence in females, while cohort effects showed greater variations of MDD incidence among females.ConclusionsThe study underscores the substantial effects of age, period and cohort on MDD across genders in China. Priority interventions targeting vulnerable populations, including children, adolescents, older adults, females and the post-millennium birth cohort, are crucial to mitigate the impact of MDD.
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El-Karamany, Ahmed S., Magdy A. Ezzat, and Alaa A. El-Bary. "Thermodiffusion with two time delays and Kernel functions." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 23, no. 2 (December 20, 2016): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286516676870.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present work is concerned with the investigation of disturbances in a homogeneous, isotropic elastic medium with memory-dependent derivatives (MDDs). A one-dimensional problem is considered for a half-space whose surface is traction free and subjected to the effects of thermodiffusion. For treatment of time variations, the Laplace-transform technique is utilized. The theories of coupled and of generalized thermoelastic diffusion with one relaxation time follow as limit cases. A direct approach is introduced to obtain the solutions in the Laplace transform domain for different forms of kernel functions and time delay of MDDs, which can be arbitrarily chosen. Numerical inversion is carried out to obtain the distributions of the considered variables in the physical domain and illustrated graphically. Some comparisons are made and shown in figures to estimate the effects of MDD parameters on all studied fields.
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Li, Wenchao. "Syntactic complexity in Japanese dialects." International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijmss.13/vol10n4113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study attempted the clustering of Japanese dialects at a syntactic level in light of dependency grammar. it is Kagoshima, a southwestern area of Japan, that bears the longest mean dependency distance (1.7851) and Akita of the north-eastern prefecture that shows the shortest mean dependency distance (1.1805). A test of Euclidean distances and clustering based on the MDD brings to light that, the north-eastern and north Kinki areas tend to bear a shorter MDD, indicating a less complex syntax in spoken dialect; the Kantoo and Chuubu, south Kinki, and Shikoku areas tend to present a medium syntactic complexity; the south areas tend to present long MDDs. In a broader sense, the more northward the region, the deeper the syntactic complexity of spoken dialect. The longest DD (3.4) is detected in Gifu prefecture. This has to do with its location, between eastern and western Japan, connected to seven prefectures: Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Shiga, Aichi, Mie and Nagano.
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LEE, TSUNG-MIN, CHIEN-CHUNG LIN, BING-RU PENG, LUNG-FA PAN, and LUNG-KWANG PAN. "INTEGRATION OF TAGUCHI ANALYSIS WITH PHANTOM AND INNOVATIVE GAUGES: OPTIMIZATION OF THE CT SCAN PROTOCOL FOR PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASE (PAOD) SYNDROME." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 20, no. 09 (September 16, 2020): 2040005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519420400059.
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The CT scan protocol optimization for peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) syndrome was performed by organizing seven CT factors [kVp, mAs, pitch, field of view (FOV) (mm), time of rotation (s), slice thickness (mm), and matrix size] into Taguchi unique [Formula: see text] orthogonal array. The minimum detectable difference (MDD) in the optimizing process was quantified by adopting a customized line group gauge. Besides, three qualified experts in radiology examined by the double-blind criterion the gauge scanned images and ranked them, yielding the optimal setting of CT scan protocols. The latter setting for PAOD included the kVp of 100, mAs of 240, pitch of 0.513, FOV of 320[Formula: see text]mm, rotation time of 0.75[Formula: see text]s, slice thickness of 4.0, and matrix size of [Formula: see text]. The ANOVA and revised Student’s [Formula: see text]-test verified the smallest MDD as 1.43[Formula: see text]mm at a 0.45-mm gauge depth. The ranking process, which makes it possible to magnify and emphasize the imaging correlation among groups, was found to be preferable to grading in the optimization process. The comparative analysis of various MDDs obtained from different medical facilities and literary sources was performed, which revealed that the cardiac X-ray provided the finest spatial resolution according to the quantified MDD. Meanwhile, the CT scan protocol for PAOD adopted in this study had finer MDD than that for the abdomen due to comparatively low kVp or/and mAs.
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Velasco, Francisco, Marcos Velasco, Fiacro Jiménez, Ana Luisa Velasco, and Rafael Salin-Pascual. "Neurobiological Background for Performing Surgical Intervention in the Inferior Thalamic Peduncle for Treatment of Major Depression Disorders." Neurosurgery 57, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000172172.51818.51.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To present a review of evidence for an inhibitory thalamo-orbitofrontal system related to physiopathology of major depression disorders (MDDs) and to postulate that interfering with hyperactivity of the thalamo-orbitofrontal system by means of chronic high-frequency electrical stimulation of its main fiber connection, the inferior thalamic peduncle (ITP), may result in an improvement in patients with MDD. METHODS: Experimentally, the thalamo-orbitofrontal system has been proposed as part of the nonspecific thalamic system. Under normal conditions, the nonspecific thalamic system induces characteristic electrocortical synchronization in the form of recruiting responses that mimic some sleep stages. It also inhibits input of irrelevant sensory stimuli, thus facilitating the process of selective attention. Permanent disruption of the system, via lesioning or temporary inactivation through cooling of the ITP with cryoprobes, results in a state of hyperkinesia, increased attention, and cortical desynchronization. RESULTS: Surgical lesioning of the medial part of orbitofrontal cortex and white matter overlying area 13, which includes the ITP, may result in significant improvement in MDD. Imaging studies (functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography) consistently demonstrate hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex and midline thalamic regions during episodes of MDD. This hyperactivity decreases with efficient control of MDD by medical treatment, indicating that orbitofrontal cortex and midline thalamic overactivity are related to the depressive condition. Conversely, noradrenergic and serotoninergic systems in the frontal lobes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD. Although noradrenergic receptor density in the frontal lobe is consistently increased in depressed patients who commit suicide, 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake blockers, which are potent antidepressive drugs, decrease hypermetabolism in the orbital frontal cortex in MDD. Therefore, the serotonin hypothesis for depression postulates that norepinephrine and serotonin in the frontal lobes are required to maintain antidepressive responsiveness. Dysregulation of the secretion of both neurotransmitters initiates overactivity of orbitofrontal cortex, resulting in depression. It is possible that surgical interventions in this region, including electrical stimulation of ITP, disrupt adrenergic and serotoninergic dysregulation in patients with MDD. CONCLUSION: Circumscribed lesions or electrical stimulation of the ITP, a discrete target easily identified by electrophysiological studies, may improve MDD. Electrical stimulation may have the advantage of being less invasive and more adjustable to patient needs.
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Fujikura, Kohei, Takashi Yamasaki, Kyoko Otani, Maki Kanzawa, Takumi Fukumoto, Yonson Ku, Takanori Hirose, Tomoo Itoh, and Yoh Zen. "BSEP and MDR3." American Journal of Surgical Pathology 40, no. 5 (May 2016): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pas.0000000000000585.
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Ayano, Getinet, Asmare Belete, Bereket Duko, Light Tsegay, and Berihun Assefa Dachew. "Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and major depressive disorders among homeless people." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e040061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040061.
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ObjectivesTo assess the global prevalence estimates of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and major depressive disorders (MDDs) among homeless people.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesDatabases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched up to February 2020 to identify relevant studies that have reported data on the prevalence of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs among homeless people.Eligibility criteriaOriginal epidemiological studies written in English that addressed the prevalence of depressive problems among homeless people.Data extraction and synthesisA random-effect meta-analysis was performed to pool the prevalence estimated from individual studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were employed to compare the prevalence across the groups as well as to identify the source of heterogeneities. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s quality assessment checklist was used to measure the study quality. Cochran’s Q and the I2 test were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies.ResultsForty publications, including 17 215 participants, were included in the final analysis. This meta-analysis demonstrated considerably higher prevalence rates of depressive symptoms 46.72% (95% CI 37.77% to 55.90%), dysthymia 8.25% (95% CI 4.79% to 11.86%), as well as MDDs 26.24% (95% CI 21.02% to 32.22%) among homeless people. Our subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms was high among younger homeless people (<25 years of age), whereas the prevalence of MDD was high among older homeless people (>50 years of age) when compared with adults (25–50 years).ConclusionThis review showed that nearly half, one-fourth and one-tenth of homeless people are suffering from depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs, respectively, which are notably higher than the reported prevalence rates in the general population. The findings suggest the need for appropriate mental health prevention and treatment strategies for this population group.
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Andersen, H. R., T. Hadzic, and D. Pisinger. "Interactive Cost Configuration Over Decision Diagrams." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 37 (February 27, 2010): 99–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.2905.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In many AI domains such as product configuration, a user should interactively specify a solution that must satisfy a set of constraints. In such scenarios, offline compilation of feasible solutions into a tractable representation is an important approach to delivering efficient backtrack-free user interaction online. In particular,binary decision diagrams (BDDs) have been successfully used as a compilation target for product and service configuration. In this paper we discuss how to extend BDD-based configuration to scenarios involving cost functions which express user preferences. We first show that an efficient, robust and easy to implement extension is possible if the cost function is additive, and feasible solutions are represented using multi-valued decision diagrams (MDDs). We also discuss the effect on MDD size if the cost function is non-additive or if it is encoded explicitly into MDD. We then discuss interactive configuration in the presence of multiple cost functions. We prove that even in its simplest form, multiple-cost configuration is NP-hard in the input MDD. However, for solving two-cost configuration we develop a pseudo-polynomial scheme and a fully polynomial approximation scheme. The applicability of our approach is demonstrated through experiments over real-world configuration models and product-catalogue datasets. Response times are generally within a fraction of a second even for very large instances.
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&NA;. "AAMI Releases MDDS Resource." Journal of Clinical Engineering 37, no. 4 (2012): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jce.0000419270.39124.38.
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Kim, Jong-Moon, Byung-Kwon Lee, and Hoe-Kyung Jung. "Design and Implementation of MDDI Protocol for Mobile System." Journal of the Korean Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 17, no. 5 (May 31, 2013): 1089–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2013.17.5.1089.
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Carroll, Bernard J. "CAD-MDD." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 75, no. 01 (January 15, 2014): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.13lr08758.
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Mkonza, K. "Community media and the MDDA." Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/ajs.25.1.115.
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Mkonza, Khanyi. "Community media and the MDDA." Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies 25, no. 1 (January 2004): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560054.2004.9653281.
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Yang, Jinjin, Liudong Xing, Yujie Wang, and Liping He. "Combinatorial Reliability Evaluation of Multi-State System with Epistemic Uncertainty." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 7, no. 3 (May 8, 2022): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2022.7.3.021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multi-state systems (MSSs) are common in real-word applications, in which a system and/or its components exhibit multiple stochastically-dependent states or performance levels. Such characteristic poses challenges to the reliability evaluation of MSSs. Multi-valued decision diagrams (MDDs) have been developed to address the reliability analysis of MSSs under the assumption that the failure-time parameters of system components are deterministic. However, due to epistemic uncertainty, it is often difficult or impossible to obtain the determinate values of the component parameters. Therefore, this paper aims to address the MDD-based reliability evaluation of MSSs with epistemic uncertainty by incorporating the interval theory and fuzzy set theory. The proposed methods are verified through a detailed case study of a high-speed train bogie system. The results show that the proposed methods can obtain practical reliability evaluation results reflecting the condition of epistemic uncertainty.
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Matsui, Masahiro, Yukio Tamura, Ming-Yi Liu, Wei-Ling Chiang, Jin-Hung Hwang, Chia-Ren Chu, R. Goyal, et al. "MD3 Building 3." Wind Engineers, JAWE 2006, no. 108 (2006): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5359/jawe.2006.417.
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Kalashnikova, O. Yu, and A. A. Gafurov. "MODIS Imagery Based Water Content Forecasting Methodology for Mountain Rivers in Central Asia." Central Asian Journal of Water Research 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/cajwr/2020-r1.v6-2/66-78.eng.
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The article investigates the possibility of using snow cover satellite data for short-term hydrological forecasting for Central Asian rivers with high-altitude catchments. The research aimed to elaborate a methodology for forecasting mean 10-day (decadal) river discharge (MDD) of the Varzob and Tar Rivers based on MODSNOW-processed MODIS satellite imagery. The objectives of the study were to calculate the snow cover index (SCI) for high-altitude zones in 200 m increments for selected river basins, and to analyze the closeness of dependency between the corresponding SCIs and MDDs. The research resulted in equations applicable for producing operational river water content forecasts. Timely and reliable information on expected river water content during the forthcoming 10-day period allows decision makers (water management and hydropower agencies, emergency authorities) plan water supply for various economic sectors, as well as take measures to prevent hazardous hydrological phenomena on the rivers of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Flanagan, M., R. Little, I. Siddiqui, N. Jones, and V. Ng. "A215 MDR3 DEFICIENCY MIMICKING WILSON DISEASE." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 4, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2021): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab002.213.
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Abstract Background The chronic phenotype of ALF includes a broad differential diagnosis. Class III multi-drug resistance P-glycoprotein 3 (MDR3) deficiency, also referred to as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3, is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It is caused by a defect on the ABCB4 gene located on chromosome 7, which encodes MDR3. MDR3 is responsible for transporting phosphatidylcholine across the canalicular membrane, thereby allowing it to be incorporated into bile micelles. MDR3 deficiency results in increased levels of free bile acids and detergent bile. Progressive cholangiopathy ensues from this detergent bile and indirectly leads to cholestasis and liver failure in severe cases. Significantly increased urinary and hepatic copper (Cu), which are hallmarks of Wilson disease, have also been reported in patients with acute hepatitis and cholestasis including patients with MDR3 deficiency Aims We report a case of a girl who presented with a chronic phenotype of PALF, who had multiple features of Wilson disease and so was treated as such until genetic analysis confirmed MDR3 deficiency Methods Results A 6 year old girl presented to the ED with a 1mth history of epistaxis and a 1wk history of abdominal pain and distension, facial edema, pallor and fever. Her family history was significant for parental consanguinity and maternal itch during pregnancy. On examination she had clubbing, scleral icterus and a distended abdomen with hepatosplenomegaly. Her bloodwork showed bicytopenia (HGB 53 & Plts 63) along with liver dysfunction (INR 2.9, albumin 25, conjugated bilirubin 9) and raised liver enzymes (transaminases & GGT >10xULN). Her total serum bile acids were raised at 134. An US showed hepatosplenomegaly with multiple hyperechoic nodules and perisplenic varices. She was extensively worked up for malignancy, autoimmune and metabolic disease. Serum ceruloplasmin was reduced, ophthalmology examination showed no KF rings and her 24hr urinary Cu was 10xULN. Liver Cu quantification was markedly raised at 40xULN. Liver biopsy showed cirrhosis with fibrosis related minimal non-specific portal and septal inflammation. Additionally, complete loss of canalicular staining on immunohistochemistry for MDR3 protein was noted, suggestive of MDR3 deficiency. Based on the Cu levels, a provisional diagnosis of Wilson disease was made and Cu chelation therapy was commenced pending genetic testing. A cholestatic gene panel subsequently showed homozygous pathogenic variant for the ABCB4 gene. Trientine was stopped and she was commenced on ursodeoxycholic acid. Though biochemically she remains largely unchanged, she is clinically stable whilst awaiting a liver transplant Conclusions This case highlights the diagnostic difficulties associated with Cu test result interpretation in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease and urges a thorough consideration of alternative diagnoses of PALF Funding Agencies None
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Nagayama, S., and T. Sasao. "On the optimization of heterogeneous MDDs." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 24, no. 11 (November 2005): 1645–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2005.852290.
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Tougeron, David, Ginette Fotsing, Veronique Barbu, and Michel Beauchant. "ABCB4/MDR3 gene mutations and cholangiocarcinomas." Journal of Hepatology 57, no. 2 (August 2012): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2012.01.025.
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Deroche, Melissa D., Lee Za Ong, and Jennifer M. Cook. "Ableist Microaggressions, Disability Characteristics, and Nondominant Identities." Professional Counselor 13, no. 4 (March 2024): 404–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15241/mdd.13.4.404.
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Gange, Graeme, Peter J. Stuckey, and Radoslaw Szymanek. "MDD propagators with explanation." Constraints 16, no. 4 (August 2, 2011): 407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10601-011-9111-x.
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Lefebvre, Clarinda, Laurent Florès, and Christian Dussart. "Jusqu’où iront les MDD ?" Décisions Marketing N° 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dm.061.0085.
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A la naissance des marques de distributeurs, certains « gourous » du marketing clamaient haut et fort que la part de marché de ces dernières ne dépasserait jamais 20% au grand maximum et que leur qualité (réelle et perçue) ne serait jamais comparable à celle des marques de fabricants… Erreur majeure ! Trois décennies plus tard, elles représentent plus du tiers, voire près de la moitié, des ventes dans la plupart des économies développées, et elles menacent directement nombre de grandes marques au niveau mondial. Jusqu’où iront-elles ? Finiront-elles par devenir des marques soutenues par des concepts et des positionnements forts comme la nouvelle vague de MDD venue des Etats Unis ? En France, on voit maintenant des MDD sélectives de luxe, Séphora et Marionnaud envahissent avec leurs marques propres des sphères autrefois réservées aux grands de la cosmétique, par exemple celle des soins dermo-cosmétiques hautement sophistiqués destinés aux cibles seniors. Et dans son tout nouveau concept, Carrefour donne une place prépondérante à ses marques : les royaumes du bio et de l’expérientiel sont conquis par les MDD ! Loin de croire que l’essor des marques de commerce atteint ses limites, nous prétendons que « la planète MDD » n’a pas encore livré tous ses secrets. En effet, de nombreux territoires restent inexplorés ou inexploités .
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Lepage, P., A. Devault, and P. Gros. "Activation of the mouse mdr3 gene by insertion of retroviruses in multidrug-resistant P388 tumor cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 12 (December 1993): 7380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.12.7380-7392.1993.
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In multidrug-resistant (MDR) derivatives of the mouse lymphoid tumor P388, the emergence of MDR is associated with overexpression and transcriptional activation of the mdr3 gene, either in the absence of (P388/VCR-10) or concomitant with (P388/ADM-2) gene amplification. In both instances, Northern (RNA) blotting analyses have suggested the presence of altered mdr3 transcripts in these cells, possibly originating from novel transcription initiation sites. The mechanisms underlying mdr3 overexpression in these cells have been investigated. In P388/VCR-10 cells, Southern blotting analyses together with genomic DNA cloning and nucleotide sequencing have demonstrated the presence of an intact mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) within the boundaries of intron 1 of mdr3. cDNA cloning and nucleotide sequencing indicated that this integration event results in the synthesis and overexpression of a hybrid MMTV-mdr3 mRNA which initiates within the U3 region of the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) of the provirus. Consequently, this mRNA lacks the normal exon 1 of mdr3 but contains (i) MMTV LTR-derived sequences at its 5' end, (ii) a novel mdr3 exon, mapping within the boundaries of intron 1 downstream of the MMTV integration site and generated by alternative splicing, and (iii) an otherwise intact 3' portion of mdr3 starting at exon 2. A similar type of analysis of P388/ADM-2 cells revealed that mdr3 overexpression in these cells is associated with the integration of an intracisternal A particle (IAP) within an L1Md repetitive element, immediately upstream of mdr3. The IAP insertion results in the overexpression of hybrid IAP-mdr3 mRNA transcripts that initiate within the 3' LTR of the IAP and which contain IAP LTR-derived sequences at the 5' end spliced 14 nucleotides upstream of the normal exon 1 of mdr3. Taken together, these results indicate that independent retroviral insertions were the initial mutagenic event responsible for mdr3 overexpression and survival during drug selection of these cell lines. Amplification of the rearranged and activated mdr3 gene copy occurred during further selection for high-level drug resistance in P388/ADM-2 cells.
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Lepage, P., A. Devault, and P. Gros. "Activation of the mouse mdr3 gene by insertion of retroviruses in multidrug-resistant P388 tumor cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 12 (December 1993): 7380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.12.7380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In multidrug-resistant (MDR) derivatives of the mouse lymphoid tumor P388, the emergence of MDR is associated with overexpression and transcriptional activation of the mdr3 gene, either in the absence of (P388/VCR-10) or concomitant with (P388/ADM-2) gene amplification. In both instances, Northern (RNA) blotting analyses have suggested the presence of altered mdr3 transcripts in these cells, possibly originating from novel transcription initiation sites. The mechanisms underlying mdr3 overexpression in these cells have been investigated. In P388/VCR-10 cells, Southern blotting analyses together with genomic DNA cloning and nucleotide sequencing have demonstrated the presence of an intact mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) within the boundaries of intron 1 of mdr3. cDNA cloning and nucleotide sequencing indicated that this integration event results in the synthesis and overexpression of a hybrid MMTV-mdr3 mRNA which initiates within the U3 region of the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) of the provirus. Consequently, this mRNA lacks the normal exon 1 of mdr3 but contains (i) MMTV LTR-derived sequences at its 5' end, (ii) a novel mdr3 exon, mapping within the boundaries of intron 1 downstream of the MMTV integration site and generated by alternative splicing, and (iii) an otherwise intact 3' portion of mdr3 starting at exon 2. A similar type of analysis of P388/ADM-2 cells revealed that mdr3 overexpression in these cells is associated with the integration of an intracisternal A particle (IAP) within an L1Md repetitive element, immediately upstream of mdr3. The IAP insertion results in the overexpression of hybrid IAP-mdr3 mRNA transcripts that initiate within the 3' LTR of the IAP and which contain IAP LTR-derived sequences at the 5' end spliced 14 nucleotides upstream of the normal exon 1 of mdr3. Taken together, these results indicate that independent retroviral insertions were the initial mutagenic event responsible for mdr3 overexpression and survival during drug selection of these cell lines. Amplification of the rearranged and activated mdr3 gene copy occurred during further selection for high-level drug resistance in P388/ADM-2 cells.
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Perez, Guillaume, and Jean-Charles Régin. "Soft and Cost MDD Propagators." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 31, no. 1 (February 12, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v31i1.11130.
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Recent developments of efficient propagators, operations and creation methods for MDDs allow us to directly build efficient MDD-based models, without the need for intermediate data structures. In this paper, we take another step in this direction by improving the propagators of cost MDDs. In addition, we introduce a soft MDD propagator in order to deal with unsatisfiable problems. This directly offers cost and soft versions for table constraints and any constraints which can be represented by an MDD (regular, slide, knapsack...).
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Xu, Junqi, Yaru Sheng, Hao Li, Zidong Yang, Yan Ren, and He Wang. "A data‐driven intravoxel mean diffusivities distribution approach for molecular classifications and MIB‐1 prediction of gliomas." Medical Physics, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mp.17280.
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AbstractBackgroundMeasuring non‐parametric intravoxel mean diffusivity distributions (MDDs) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive method for detecting intracellular diffusivity changes during physiological alterations. Histological and molecular glioma classifications are essential for prognosis and treatment, with distinct water diffusion dynamics among subtypes.PurposeWe developed a data‐driven approach using a fully connected network (FCN) to enhance the speed and stability of calculating MDDs across varying SNRs, enable tumor microstructural mapping, and test its reliability in identifying MIB‐1 labeling index (LI) levels and molecular status of gliomas.MethodsAn FCN was trained to learn the mapping between the simulated diffusion decay curves and the ground truth MDDs. We performed 5 000 000 simulation curves with various diffusivity components and random SNR . Eighty percent of simulation curves were used for the FCN training, 10% for validation, and the others were external tests for the FCN performance evaluation. In vivo data were collected to evaluate its clinical reliability. One hundred one patients (44 years 14, 67 men) with gliomas and six healthy controls underwent a 3.0 T MRI examination with a spin echo–echo planar imaging (SE‐EPI) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) sequence. The trained FCN was employed to calculate MDDs of each brain voxel by voxel. We used the Fuzzy C‐means algorithm to cluster the MDDs of tumor voxels, facilitating the characterization of distinct glioma tissues. Quantitative assessments were conducted through sectional integrals of the MDDs, demarcated by six bands to derive signal fractions () and diffusivities of the maximum peaks (). Cosine similarity scores (CSS) were used for MDD similarity. ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U test were used for difference analysis. Logistic regression and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) were used for classification evaluation.ResultsThe simulation results showed that the FCN‐based MDD approach (FCN‐MDD) achieved higher CSS than non‐negative least squares‐based MDD (NNLS‐MDD). For in vivo data, the spectra of ET and NET obtained by FCN‐MDD are more distinguishable than NNLS‐MDD. Fraction maps delineate the characteristics of different tumor tissues (enhancing and non‐enhancing tumor, edema, and necrosis). showed a positive and negative correlation with MIB‐1 respectively (, all ). The AUC of for predicting MIB‐1 LI levels was 0.900 (95% CI, 0.826–0.974), versus 0.781 (0.677–0.886) of ADC. The highest AUC of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status, assessed by a logistic regression model () was 0.873 (95% CI, 0.802–0.944).ConclusionThe proposed FCN‐MDD method was more robust to variations in SNR and less reliant on empirically set regularization values than the NNLS‐MDD method. FCN‐MDD also enabled qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the composition of gliomas.
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Maschler, Johannes, and Günther R. Raidl. "Multivalued decision diagrams for prize-collecting job sequencing with one common and multiple secondary resources." Annals of Operations Research, November 21, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03479-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMultivalued decision diagrams (MDD) are a powerful tool for approaching combinatorial optimization problems. Relatively compact relaxed and restricted MDDs are applied to obtain dual bounds and heuristic solutions and provide opportunities for new branching schemes. We consider a prize-collecting sequencing problem in which a subset of given jobs has to be found that is schedulable and yields maximum total prize. The primary aim of this work is to study different methods for creating relaxed MDDs for this problem. To this end, we adopt and extend the two main MDD compilation approaches found in the literature: top down construction and incremental refinement. In a series of computational experiments these methods are compared. The results indicate that for our problem the incremental refinement method produces MDDs with stronger bounds. Moreover, heuristic solutions are derived by compiling restricted MDDs and by applying a general variable neighborhood search (GVNS). Here we observe that the top down construction of restricted MDDs is able to yield better solutions as the GVNS on small to medium-sized instances.
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Wu, Peiyi, Aixia Zhang, Ning Sun, Lei Lei, Penghong Liu, Yikun Wang, Hejun Li, Chunxia Yang, and Kerang Zhang. "Cortical Thickness Predicts Response Following 2 Weeks of SSRI Regimen in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Major Depressive Disorder: An MRI Study." Frontiers in Psychiatry 12 (February 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.751756.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectiveMajor depression disorder (MDD) is a harmful disorder, and the pathological mechanism remains unclear. The primary pharmacotherapy regimen for MDD is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), but fewer than 40% of patients with MDD are in remission following initial treatment. Neuroimaging biomarkers of treatment efficacy can be used to guide personalized treatment in MDD. This study aims to determine if cortical thickness can be used as a predictor for SSRIs.MethodsA total of 126 first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients (MDDs) and 71 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in our study. Demographic data were collected according to the self-made case report form (CRF) at the baseline of all subjects. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning was performed for all the participants at baseline, and all imaging was processed using the DPABISurf software. All MDDs were treated with SSRIs, and symptoms were assessed at both the baseline and 2 weeks using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale (HAMD-17). According to HAMD-17 total score improvement from baseline to the end of 2 weeks, the MDDs were divided into the non-responder group (defined as ≤ 20% HAMD-17 reduction) and responder group (defined as ≥50% HAMD-17 reduction). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of MDDs' and HCs' cortical thickness for MDD. Correlation analysis was performed for the responder group and the non-responder group separately to identify the relationship between cortical thickness and SSRI treatment efficacy. To analyze whether cortical thickness was sufficient to differentiate responders and non-responders at baseline, we used ROC curve analysis.ResultsSignificant decreases were found in the cortical thickness of the right supplementary motor area (SMA) in MDDs at the baseline (corrected by the Monte Carlo permutation correction, cluster-wise significant threshold at p < 0.025 and vertex-wise threshold at p = 0.001), area under the curve (AUC) = 0.732 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.233–0.399]. In the responder group, the cortical thickness of the right SMA was significantly thinner than in the non-responder group at baseline. There was a negative correlation (r = −0.373, p = 0.044) between the cortical thickness of SMA (0 weeks) and HAMD-17 reductive rate (2 weeks) in the responder group. The results of ROC curve analyses of the responder and non-responder groups were AUC = 0.885 (95% CI = 0.803–0.968), sensitivity = 73.5%, and specificity = 96.6%, and the cutoff value was 0.701.ConclusionLower cortical thickness of the right SMA in MDD patients at the baseline may be a neuroimaging biomarker for MDD diagnosis, and a greater extent of thinner cortical thickness in the right SMA at baseline may predict improved SSRI treatment response. Our study shows the potential of cortical thickness as a possible biomarker that predicts a patient's clinical treatment response to SSRIs in MDD.
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Zhou, Hongliang, Haowen Zou, Zhongpeng Dai, Shuai Zhao, Lingling Hua, Yi Xia, Yingling Han, et al. "Interoception Dysfunction Contributes to the Negative Emotional Bias in Major Depressive Disorder." Frontiers in Psychiatry 13 (April 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.874859.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundPrevious research studies have demonstrated that impaired interoception is involved in emotional information processing in major depressive disorder (MDD). Heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) amplitudes, an index for interoception, could be manipulated by emotional faces in healthy people. Considering negative emotional bias is the core characteristic in MDD, we hypothesized that interoception dysfunction was associated with the negative emotional bias in MDD.MethodsAn electroencephalogram (EEG) study under an emotional faces task was applied to explore the relationship between interoception and emotional bias. HEPs before emotional faces stimuli were used to predict the late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes and it worked as an index of emotional bias. Twenty-seven patients with MDD and 27 healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study. Source analysis gave an auxiliary description for results in sensory level.ResultsMajor depressive disorders (MDDs) had poor performance in the heartbeat count task (HCT) and attenuate HEP average amplitudes (455–550 ms). Compared with HCs, cluster-based permutation t-tests revealed that MDDs had attenuated LPP amplitudes (300–1,000 ms) over centroparietal regions and enhanced LPP amplitudes over frontocentral regions. Furthermore, abnormal attenuated HEPs could predict aberrant LPPs under sad face stimuli in MDDs, which could be associated with the dysfunction of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right insula.ConclusionMediated by ACC and insula, interoception dysfunction contributes to the negative emotional bias of MDD, highlighting the importance of interoception in the disorder.
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Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Sandhya S. Kumar, and Chandan Kumar. "Factors associated with minimum dietary diversity failure among Indian children." Journal of Nutritional Science 11 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jns.2022.2.
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Abstract Recognising the importance of infant and young child feeding practices during the first 2 years of life, the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Monitoring Framework developed a minimum dietary diversity (MDD) indicator for feeding children aged 6–23 months. MDD is defined as the consumption of food items from five or more groups out of a total of eight food groups. Food intake from less than five food groups is considered minimum dietary diversity failure (MDDF). Using the nationally representative National Family Health Survey (NFHS) dataset, the present study assessed the trend in MDDF between 2005–6 and 2015–16 and the factors associated with MDDF among children aged 6–23 months during 2015–16. The NFHS conducted in 2005–6 and 2015–16 covered a sample of 14 419 and 74 078 children aged 6–23 months, respectively. Overall, the MDDF reduced from 87⋅4 % (95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) 86⋅8 %, 87⋅9 %) in 2005–6 to 80⋅6 % (95 % CI 80⋅1 %, 81⋅0 %) in 2015–16. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that increased child's age, second and third birth order children, higher maternal age and education, mass media exposure of mothers and more than four antenatal care visits had a negative association with the MDDF. Children living in rural areas and residing in high-focus states of India were observed with higher odds of experiencing MDDF. Exposure to community healthcare services was negatively associated with MDDF, and anaemic children were more likely to have MDDF. Socioeconomic status of mothers and children and encouragement of maternal and child healthcare use could be helpful in devising context-specific intervention to mitigate MDDF.
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Mamdani, Firoza, Matthieu D. Weber, Blynn Bunney, Kathleen Burke, Preston Cartagena, David Walsh, Francis S. Lee, et al. "Identification of potential blood biomarkers associated with suicide in major depressive disorder." Translational Psychiatry 12, no. 1 (April 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01918-w.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractSuicides have increased to over 48,000 deaths yearly in the United States. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common diagnosis among suicides, and identifying those at the highest risk for suicide is a pressing challenge. The objective of this study is to identify changes in gene expression associated with suicide in brain and blood for the development of biomarkers for suicide. Blood and brain were available for 45 subjects (53 blood samples and 69 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) samples in total). Samples were collected from MDD patients who died by suicide (MDD-S), MDDs who died by other means (MDD-NS) and non-psychiatric controls. We analyzed gene expression using RNA and the NanoString platform. In blood, we identified 14 genes which significantly differentiated MDD-S versus MDD-NS. The top six genes differentially expressed in blood were: PER3, MTPAP, SLC25A26, CD19, SOX9, and GAR1. Additionally, four genes showed significant changes in brain and blood between MDD-S and MDD-NS; SOX9 was decreased and PER3 was increased in MDD-S in both tissues, while CD19 and TERF1 were increased in blood but decreased in DLPFC. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze matched blood and brain samples in a well-defined population of MDDs demonstrating significant differences in gene expression associated with completed suicide. Our results strongly suggest that blood gene expression is highly informative to understand molecular changes in suicide. Developing a suicide biomarker signature in blood could help health care professionals to identify subjects at high risk for suicide.
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Baird, Bryce, Augustus Anderson, Christian A. Ericson, Ray W. Pak, and Gregory A. Broderick. "Acute Ischemic Priapism." Consultant, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25270/con.2022.06.00014.
Повний текст джерела
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Peltzer, Karl, and Supa Pengpid. "Prevalence and Correlates of Depressive and Generalised Anxiety Symptoms Among Female Adolescents in Nepal: Results of a Cross-sectional National Population-Based Survey in 2022." Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, March 1, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10560-024-00963-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of major depressive disorder symptoms (MDDs) and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms (GADs) among female adolescents in Nepal. In a national cross-sectional population-based survey of female adolescents (N = 1379; 15–19 years) in Nepal, MDDs was assessed with the PHQ-9 and GADs with the GAD-7. Logistic and Poisson regression were used to estimate predictors of MDDs and GADs. The prevalence of MDDs was 7.8% (4.5% with a cut-off of ≥ 10 scores), and the prevalence of GADs was 13.4% (5.6% with a cut-off of ≥ 10 scores). In multivariable models, older age (17–19 years), higher education, greater wealth status, poor self-rated health status, genital sore or ulcer, currently pregnant, pregnancy loss, alcohol use, and early sexual debut were positively associated with MDDs and/or MDD scores. Older age, greater wealth status, living in the Terai region, poor self-rated health status, current alcohol use, pregnancy loss, big problem with getting permission for medical help were positively associated with GADs and/or GAD scores. About one in ten female adolescents report MDDs or GADs, and several associated factors were identified which can be targeted in mental health interventions in this population.
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Wong, Martin S., Phillip B. Gans, and Damian Roesler. "Field calibration of 40Ar/39Ar K-feldspar multiple diffusion domain (MDD) thermal histories at the Grayback normal fault block, Arizona, USA." Geology, July 12, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g51319.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Numerous studies suggest that 40Ar/39Ar K-feldspar analyses record continuous thermal histories from ∼300 °C to 150 °C due to the presence of multiple diffusion domains (MDDs). Such continuous thermal histories can provide significant advantages over thermochronometers that only record cooling through a single closure temperature. However, some studies have questioned the reliability of 40Ar/39Ar K-feldspar MDD models. This study tested whether MDD modeling produces accurate thermal histories that are calibrated to other thermochronometers. MDD models of samples from the Grayback fault block, Arizona, USA, which has a well-known thermal history and structure, and has accurately reproduced the expected thermal evolution, including the inception, rate, and magnitude of rapid cooling produced by tectonic exhumation. Absolute temperatures of the models also matched well with the known pre-extensional thermal structure of the block. These new data provide strong confirmation that MDD K-feldspar models can provide geologically meaningful and accurate continuous thermal histories.
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Li, Xiao, Xiaolu Chen, Renqiang Yu, Linqi Dai, Ming Ai, Qian Huang, Yi Zhou, et al. "Changes in gray matter volume following electroconvulsive therapy in adolescent depression with suicidal ideation: A longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging study." Frontiers in Psychiatry 13 (September 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.944520.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate changes in whole-brain gray matter volumes (GMVs) before and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal ideation (SI).MethodsThirty adolescents with MDD and SI were observed, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) was performed at baseline and after ECT for each patient. But Twenty-five healthy controls (HCs) were scanned only at baseline. The voxel-based morphometry (VBM) techniques were used to examine GMVs.ResultsCompared with HCs, MDDs at baseline showed decreased GMVs in the left middle temporal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left precuneus, right precuneus, and left superior frontal gyrus. After ECT, MDDs showed increased GMVs in the right superior frontal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus. Pearson’s correlation found that Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI) scores at baseline were negatively correlated with GMVs in the left superior frontal gyrus and HAMD and BSSI scores after ECT were negatively correlated with GMVs in the right superior temporal gyrus.ConclusionFrontal–temporal–precuneus structure changes may be a potential cause of depressive and suicidal symptoms in adolescents. ECT may improve depressive and suicidal symptoms in adolescents by regulating brain structures to compensate original defects.
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Ding, Yu-Dan, Xiao Chen, Zuo-Bing Chen, Le Li, Xue-Ying Li, Francisco Xavier Castellanos, Tong-Jian Bai, et al. "Reduced nucleus accumbens functional connectivity in reward network and default mode network in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder." Translational Psychiatry 12, no. 1 (June 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01995-x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) is considered a hub of reward processing and a growing body of evidence has suggested its crucial role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, inconsistent results have been reported by studies on reward network-focused resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). In this study, we examined functional alterations of the NAc-based reward circuits in patients with MDD via meta- and mega-analysis. First, we performed a coordinated-based meta-analysis with a new SDM-PSI method for all up-to-date rs-fMRI studies that focused on the reward circuits of patients with MDD. Then, we tested the meta-analysis results in the REST-meta-MDD database which provided anonymous rs-fMRI data from 186 recurrent MDDs and 465 healthy controls. Decreased functional connectivity (FC) within the reward system in patients with recurrent MDD was the most robust finding in this study. We also found disrupted NAc FCs in the DMN in patients with recurrent MDD compared with healthy controls. Specifically, the combination of disrupted NAc FCs within the reward network could discriminate patients with recurrent MDD from healthy controls with an optimal accuracy of 74.7%. This study confirmed the critical role of decreased FC in the reward network in the neuropathology of MDD. Disrupted inter-network connectivity between the reward network and DMN may also have contributed to the neural mechanisms of MDD. These abnormalities have potential to serve as brain-based biomarkers for individual diagnosis to differentiate patients with recurrent MDD from healthy controls.