Статті в журналах з теми "McArthur River Valley (N T )"

Willow flycatchers (Empidonax traillii; WIFL) nest along the Owens River and Horton Creek in the Owens Valley. Migrating WIFL visit these sites as well as many other tributaries to both the Owens River and Mono Lake. We estimate there are approximately 35 WIFL territories in the Owens valley, or 5% of territories in California. Nesting WIFL in the Owens Valley are likely the federally endangered southwestern subspecies (E. t. extimus; SWIFL). The Chalk Bluff nesting site is particularly important as large nesting areas tend to be both rare and important for SWIFL and it contains more than half (63%) of all known WIFL territories in the region, which also represents 12% of all nesting SWIFL in California. Between 2014 and 2016, WIFL territory numbers declined from 37 to 27 across the three largest breeding sites. Territory numbers may have been influenced by drought conditions or brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater; BHCO) nest parasitism. In 2015 and 2016, comprehensive nest monitoring found nest parasitism rates were >40%, and nest success was lower in parasitized nests (16%; N = 5/31) compared with non-parasitized nests (60%; N = 31/52). BHCO management could potentially improve nest success for WIFL as well as many other open-cup nesting riparian birds in the Owens Valley.

The main goal of the present paper is to define the kozlovi-species group of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, one of the most species-rich groups of Chinese Trechus and to describe new species of this group from two neighboring areas in Sichuan Province. Description of species groups for Chinese Trechus is a way to get a more consistent view of the taxonomy of this extremely diverse genus. The kozlovi group includes many described species, which are widespread in Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan provinces. In turn, the group can be split into several subgroups each embracing close allopatric relatives but much more material from various areas of China is required for such detailed classification. In the present work, we describe 9 new Trechus species belonging to this group, all collected in central and southern Sichuan, China: T. suopoensis sp. n. and T. gemaensis sp. n., both from the northern slopes of Mount Gema, E of Danba City, T. bianericus sp. n. and T. maoniu sp. n., both from the nortwestern slopes of the mountain massif located south of Bianer Village, WNW of Danba City, T. shangensis sp. n., T. mengensis sp. n., both from the upper valley of the small river located WSW of the village of Shangmeng, NW of Lixian City, T. cuspis sp. n. from the southern slope of Mount “5200” NW of Lixian City, three latter species from the left bank of the Zagunao River, T. qunlaishanicus sp. n. from the Qunlaishan mountains on the right bank of the Zagunao River and T. chiguguanensis sp.n. from the Chiguguan Pass.

The surge in Song foreign trade affected Ða[under dot]i Viê[under dot]t greatly, helping to integrate the upper and lower valley of the Red River first economically in the twelfth century, then politically with the rise of the Trâ[grave accent above]n dynasty in the thirteenth, and finally culturally in the fourteenth. Coastal wealth, power and classical Chinese scholarship entered the inland capital of Thăng Long (Hanoi) and strongly influenced it, leading to major changes across the land.

The subject of this study is the ratio of carbon and nitrogen content in the soil of the lithalsa landscape in the Sentsa River valley. The focus is on the spatial distribution of C/N ratio in the genetic soil horizons: humus (A), illuvial (B), the parent rock(C), as well as in the buried peat horizon (T). The carbon and nitrogen content is analyzed in 70 samples using the element analyzer C, H, N, S –O EA 1110. Sample preparation included drying the soil through a sieve and grinding it with a rubber pestle in a porcelain mortar. It is found that cryogenic concentration of soil solutions, cryogenic heaving, thermokarst, zoogenic turbations, peat burial, and alluvial loam deposition are the main processes determining the peculiarity of soil formation within lithalsa landscapes. The maximum variation in the ratio of carbon and nitrogen content is observed in the illuvial horizon, while in the humus horizon and in the parent rock, as well as in the buried peat horizon, this indicator is of a smaller range.

Nitrogen is a key factor influencing ecosystem structure and function in reforestation, but knowledge of ecosystem nitrogen accumulation through reforestation with mixed species is limited. Especially in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River, no studies cover total ecosystem nitrogen accumulation in mature plantations and its allocation for difficulty in collecting tree roots and deep soil from dry red soil. In this study, nitrogen accumulation of seven mixed plantations in the dry-hot valley in the Jinsha River was studied after thirty years of reforestation with an analogous sites method. The results were as follows: (1) Soil nitrogen stocks decreased with depth in the soil profile. Deep soil nitrogen storage (20–80 cm) was significantly correlated with stand age (R2 = 0.752, p = 0.000; n = 7), accounting for 56–63% of total soil nitrogen storage and 43–47% of soil nitrogen accumulation in the dry-hot valley. (2) Total biomass nitrogen stock of the 30-year-old plantation was 1.22 t ha−1, 61 times that of degraded wasteland and 7.6 times that of natural recovery shrub grassland, and it recovered to the reference level of natural forest following 30 years of reforestation. (3) Total ecosystem nitrogen stock in the 30-year-old plantation was 12.72 t ha−1, 1.4 times the reference wasteland and 1.19 times the natural recovery shrub grassland. The contribution of soil nitrogen to ecosystem nitrogen storage and accumulation was 90% and 67%, respectively. Litter nitrogen accounted for 1.6% ecosystem nitrogen storage. It indicated that reforestation with mixed plantation of Leucaena leucocephala and other species greatly facilitated more ecosystem nitrogen accumulation, especially soil nitrogen (including deep compartment). Secondary biomass nitrogen, especially litter, could not be overlooked. This study filled the gap of ecosystem nitrogen storage and distribution during reforestation in the dry-hot valley. Mixed plantation with legume species such as L. leucocephala and other species and an important role of secondary biomass, especially litter in nitrogen accumulation, provided a reference for the strategy formulation of reforestation and forest nitrogen management in the dry-hot valley and other semi-arid or arid regions.

The origin of the Siberian Traps province has been under discussion for the last three decades. Up to now, there is no real model of its formation in a good agreement with geological data on the magmatic evolution at P–T boundary in Eastern Siberia. Modern geochemical data on magmatic rocks around the province is a key to reconstructing magmatic development in time and space. Such data have been obtained for the Norilsk and Meimecha–Kotuy and not for other parts of the Siberian province. For the first time, we studied the geochemistry and mineralogy of magmatic rocks at the Kulyumber river valley, located in the intersection of the Tunguska syneclise and Norilsk–Igarka zone in the NW Siberian platform. In this article, we present data from the Khalil and Kaya sites of this area belonging to the Syverminsky, Gudchikhinsky, Khakanchansky and Nadezhdinsky formations. Their mineralogical and geochemical features (including Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data) are similar to the same formations in the Norilsk area, while the rocks belonging to the Gudchikhinsky formation show differences. The Syverminsky tuffs are also described for the first time. The intrusive rocks are attributed to four intrusive complexes, i.e., Ergalakhsky, Kureysky, Katangsky and Norilsk. The Ergalakhsky complex comprises trachydolerites similar to the trachydolerites of the Norilsk area. The rocks of the Norilsk complex at the Khalil site differ from the rocks of the same complex at the Norilsk area by the (U/Nb)n = 1.8, (La/Yb)n = 2.1 in comparison with 3.7 and 2.3 of the rocks of the Norilsk 1 intrusion. The intrusions of the Kureysky complex are more differentiated than those of the Katangsky intrusions but show comparable TiO2 and trace elements distribution. Thus, the magmatism of the Kulyumber area is characterized by features matching those of the Tunguska syneclise and Norilsk area, i.e., suggesting rift and platform regimes.

The research aimed to evaluate the effect of complementary foliar applications of Zn and Mo on the yield, profitability, and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen in rainfed maize. The work was carried out during the rainy seasons of 2020 and 2021 in the Carrizal river valley, Manabí, Ecuador. The treatments evaluated were: NPK soil fertilization supplemented with foliar application of Zn and Mo (T1) and NPK soil fertilization without foliar application of Zn and Mo (T2). Grain yield (RG), agronomic efficiency of N (EAN), and the net economic benefit of fertilization (BEN) were recorded. Data were analyzed with Student's t-test for paired observations. Treatment T1 increased the RG by 15.58% and 14.03% during 2020 and 2021, respectively, concerning treatment T2. Similarly, the T1 treatment increased the EAN by 28.30% and 24.60% in the 2020 and 2021 seasons, respectively, concerning the T2 treatment. Finally, treatment T1 produced the highest BEN, with an increase of 23.05% and 16.37%, during 2020 and 2021, respectively, about treatment T2. Complementary foliar fertilization with Zn and Mo enhanced the effect of NPK soil fertilization and increased yield, profitability, and EAN in rainfed maize.

Using field slope farmland plots, this study planted the typical crop of maize (Zea mays L.) and investigated the effects of varied chemical fertilizer (organic compound fertilizer of potassium nitrate, containing 17% each of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) application levels (0.5 times the common fertilizer amount (CK, 0.75 t·hm−2 to 2.5 CK) on the soil fertility in the Yuanmou dry-hot River Valley. The results showed that the soil chemical properties, microbial properties, and enzyme activities increased with the increase of fertilizer application levels from CK to 2.0 CK. However, a declining trend showed both under 0.5 CK level and the 2.5 CK level, and higher in fertilizer application level 3 (1.5 CK) and level 4 (2.0 CK) compared to level 1 (1 CK). Soil chemical properties, microbial properties, and enzyme activities in five-degree slope cropland topsoil were higher than these in 10-degree slope cropland topsoil. Five parameters (available N, nitrifying bacteria, inorganic phosphorus bacteria, organic matter, and invertase) in five-degree slope cropland and three parameters (organic matter, ammonifying bacteria, and total P) in 10-degree slope cropland, which had the greatest weight in the principal components analysis, were selected to calculate the soil quality index (SQI). The SQI calculated by integrating all critical parameters indicated that the highest SQI values were found in fertilizer levels 1.5 CK (0.71) and 2.0 CK (0.69), followed by CK (0.64), and the lowest were found in 0.5 CK (0.62) and 2.5 CK (0.61) in five-degree slope cropland soil. The highest SQI values were found in fertilizer levels 1.5 CK (0.26) and 2.0 CK (0.29), followed by CK (0.23), and the lowest were found in 0.5 CK (0.14) and 2.5 CK (0.20) in 10-degree slope cropland soil. The final SQI values implied that the fertilization treatment 2 (CK), fertilization treatment 3 (1.5 CK) and fertilization treatment 4 (2.0 CK) could improve the soil fertility, whereas the fertilization treatment 1 (0.5 CK) and fertilization treatment 5 (2.5 CK) could decrease the soil fertility. In view of the impact of slope, the soil qualities of five-degree slope cropland of five fertilization treatments were higher than in 10-degree slope cropland. The SQI values in five-degree slope cropland soil were found higher than the SQI values in 10-degree slope cropland soil by 68.65%, 64.20%, 62.22%, 57.46%, and 67.01%, respectively. For this study, the range of fertilization tolerance was 0.75–1.50 t·hm−2 (organic compound fertilizer of potassium nitrate) in 10-degree slope plot scale and 0.75–1.13 t∙hm−2 in five-degree slope cropland soil.

Seismically active areas of tectonic faults create specific inhomogeneous living conditions of plant populations and can thereby determine their structure. Studies of the reaction of plant reproductive structures to geoecological anomalies associated with active tectonic processes are practically absent. The aim of this work was to study the variability of the reproductive characteristics of Lonicera caerulea subsp. altaica plants in the local seismic zone of the Altai Mountains. We carried out studies in 2017 in the valley of the Kyzyl-Yaryk river (Altai Republic, Kosh-Agachsky district) (See Fig. 1), which was formed in the junction zone of seismic-generating faults active in the Holocene that are the boundaries of the North Chuy Range, Kurai intermountain basin and Chagan-Uzun massif and separating the Kurai and Chuysky depressions. We isolated 5 micropopulations of the Altai subspecies of blue honeysuckle - L. caerulea subsp. altaica in areas differing in volumetric activity of the radon emanation field (262-1162 Bq / m3) for research. Fifty fruits were selected in each micropopulation of L. caerulea subsp. altaica from 20 plants. We examined the morphometric characteristics and taste of the fruits, the number of full seeds and immature ovules in the fruits, the ratio of the number of full seeds to the total number of seeds and ovules, the correlation between the characters, as well as the seed germination capacity and germination readiness. The taste of the fruits was evaluated by the organoleptic method on a 5-point scale of taste variations based on the degree of bitterness in the fruits. To determine seed germinating capacity and germination readiness, germination was performed in Petri dishes at room temperature. We evaluated germination readiness on the 5th day, where n is the number of seeds and N is the number of seeds germinated during this period. For each micropopulation, we analyzed data for intragroup homogeneity using the χ2 method. Student’s t-test, Fisher’s exact test and one-way ANOVA analysis were used to test statistically significant differences in reproductive characteristics, as well as to assess the correlation between them. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the values of the Fisher criterion for the length, width, index, weight of the fruit and the number of seeds in them considerably exceed the critical value, which indicates a reliable effect of the place of plant growth on all these parameters at a 95-99% probability level. For individual test micropopulations, significant differences were found in the morphometric characteristics and seed productivity of plant fruits in comparison to the control micropopulation (the area with the lowest level of radon emanation field) (See Fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5). An analysis of the frequency of occurrence of plants with different weight and seed productivity of the fruits from the studied micropopulations showed a shift in the distribution of these parameters towards larger values, compared to the control micropopulation (See Fig. 6). The seeds collected in the control micropopulation were characterized by the least germination (See Fig. 8) and the shortest germination period (See Fig. 9). In the studied population, the average and close degree of correlation between the weight of the fruit and the number of full seeds was established; the reliability of the correlation varied depending on the place of plant growth. Plants in the L. caerulea subsp. altaica in the valley of the Kyzyl-Yaryk river were characterized by high polymorphism of the fruit shape. The frequency of occurrence of plants with oval fruits was significantly lower than in populations of L. caerulea subsp. altaica in other areas of the Altai Mountains. In micropopulations under the influence of a higher level of volumetric activity of subsoil radon, the variety of fruit shapes (See Fig. 3) and their taste variations (See Fig. 7) increased, including an increase in the expression of the recessive trait L. caerulea, the absence of bitter fruits (bitter-free fruits). The correlation between the level of radon emanation and the frequency of occurrence of plants with bitter fruits was significant at p <0.01. The influence of the level of radon emanation on the variability of morphometric characteristics of the fruit, seed productivity, germination and germination energy of the seeds was not significant. The heterogeneity of the population of the L. caerulea subsp. altaica, according to the features of the generative sphere, suggests a possible influence of a complex of factors associated with active tectonic processes on the formation and development of plant reproductive organs.

APLICABILIDADE DO MODELO HIDROLÓGICO SWAT NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO PARAIBUNA, SP - BRASIL CAIO VINICIUS FERREIRA MARMONTEL¹; TERESA CRISTINA TARLÉ PISSARRA²; MAURÍCIO RANZINI³ E VALDEMIR ANTONIO RODRIGUES4 ¹Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Avenida Universitária, nº 3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034,Botucatu-SP, Brasil, caioomarmontel@gmail.com ²Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Via de Acesso Profº. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034, Jaboticabal-SP, Brasil, teresap1204@gmail.com ³Seção de Engenharia Florestal, Divisão de Dasonomia, Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo, Rua do Horto, 931, Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034, São Paulo-SP, Brasil, ranzini@gmail.com 4Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Avenida Universitária, nº 3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034, Botucatu-SP, Brasil, valdemirrodrigues@fca.unesp.br 1 RESUMO A água disponível para o consumo humano vem se tornando cada vez mais escassa. Diante desse problema, uma possibilidade de melhorar a compreensão do comportamento hidrológico, é a utilização de tecnologias, em especial a integração do SIG com a modelagem hidrológica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo testar a aplicabilidade do modelo hidrológico SWAT para estimação de vazões em um trecho da bacia hidrográfica do rio Paraibuna - Vale do Paraíba, região da Mata Atlântica, um dos formadores do rio Paraíba do Sul. Os dados climáticos e fluviométricos foram coletados com uma série histórica de 22 anos. Na calibração e validação verificou-se boa aderência entre os dados simulados e observados, ou seja, os valores simulados reconheceram os picos e recessões dos valores observados. Os índices estatísticos (NS, PBIAS, RSR e R²) calculados foram qualificados como “muito bom” para a estimação das vazões. Os resultados confirmaram a aplicabilidade do modelo, dessa forma, pode servir como ferramenta para planejamento e gestão de políticas públicas dos recursos hídricos em bacias hidrográficas, na região da Mata Atlântica. O modelo hidrológico SWAT mostrou-se muito bom e apto para estimação de vazões e do balanço hídrico na área de estudo. Palavras-chave: água, calibração, mata atlântica, validação, vazão MARMONTEL, C. V. F.; PISSARRA, T. C. T.; RANZINI, M. E RODRIGUES, V. A. APPLICABILITY OF THE SWAT HYDROLOGICAL MODEL IN PARAIBUNA RIVER BASIN, SP – BRAZIL 2 ABSTRACT The water available for human consumption is becoming increasingly scarce. Faced with this problem, one possibility to improve the understanding of water behavior, is the use of technologies, particularly the integration of GIS with hydrological modeling. The present study is intended to test the applicability of SWAT hydrological model for flow estimation in the stretch of Paraibuna river basin - Paraiba Valley, in the Atlantic Forest region, in the state of São Paulo, one of the tributaries of Paraíba do Sul river. Climatic and fluviometric data were collected with a historical series of 22 years. In the calibration and validation, good adherence was observed across simulated and observed data, that is, the simulated values recognized the peaks and recessions of the observed values. The statistical indices (NS, PBIAS, RSR and R²) calculated were qualified as "very good" for the estimation of flows. The results confirmed the applicability of the model, so it can serve as a tool for planning and management of water resources public policies in watersheds, in the Atlantic Forest region. The SWAT hydrological model was very good and suitable for estimation of flow and water balance in the stretch of the Paraibuna river basin. Keywords: water, calibration, forest hydrology, atlantic forest, validation, discharge

The article considers the influence of atmospheric precipitation in the form of dust and dry residue with rain and snow in the formation of technogenic situations in the soils of the Belarusian Polesye. Anthropogenic impact on the soil is formed as a result of entering into the soil of technogenesis product, is made up of atmospheric precipitation in the form of dust and rain, as well as key components of chemical reclamation (Ca, Mg, K, N, P) of soil. Based on field research and data of the Hydrometeorological Service of Belarus there was generalized the information and disclosed the regularities of dust deposition and mineral residue precipitation in Belarusian Polesye. Mapping the anthropogenic impact on the soil was performed using software packages ESRI ArcView and ESRI ArcGIS. It is set a noticeable spatial heterogeneity in the level of anthropogenic impact on the soil of the Belarusian Polesye, ranging from 6,3 t/ha per year in the district of Gantsevichi to 17,6 t/ha in Malorita district, Brest region. There is a general tendency of increasing of the given parameter in the direction from north-east to south-west of Polesye. The level of anthropogenic impact is largely dependent on natural (soil properties and structure of the soil) and economic (level of development and specialization of industry and agriculture) factors. The lowest value of the anthropogenic impact (less than 7,5 t/ha per year) is characteristic for areas with underdeveloped industry and a high proportion of drained peat soils: Gantsevichi, Oktyabrsky, Narovlya and Zhitkovichi. For the western part of the Belarusian Polesye (Malorita, Stolin, Ivanovo, Berezovsky, Drogichin areas) other than large areas of sandy soils, characterized by increased loads on agropochvy (12,1 or more t/ha per year), the largest contribution falls on the organic fertilizers. Technogenic situation in the soils was estimated based on the amount of annual agrotechnogenic load on the soil, air emissions from stationary sources and the level of radioactive contamination, formed as a result of the Chernobyl accident. As a result, we allocated favorable, satisfactory, conflict, tension, and critical situation. Favorable technogenic situation is typical for soils under forests and within specially protected areas (national parks and nature reserves) with anthropogenic load of less than 1 t/ha, not contaminated and distant from industrial centers. Such conditions correspond to 15 % of the Belarusian Polesye near major rivers and their tributaries in the region (the area between the Dnieper and the Sozh, the middle flow for the Pripyat and its tributaries Sluch, Yaselda, Ubort). A satisfactory situation has developed for 28,5 % of the territory, mainly within the northern part of the Pripyat Polesye due to a moderate level of anthropogenic pressure, in part – in the border of forest and wetland areas due to contamination with radionuclides. The conflict situation is typical for the northern part of Brest and Mozyr Polesye, on the right bank of the Dnieper and Berezina rivers, as well as in the area between Pina and Goryn rivers (27,7 %). In the southern part of the Brest Polesye, as well as in the countryside and along the Goryn river valley there is a tense situation (22,2 %), due to high anthropogenic pressure and intensive agricultural activities, in the latter case – also complicated by radioactive contamination. Critical man-made situation (7 %), which is observed in the south-east of Polesye, is due to high levels of radioactive contamination within the Polesye State Radiation Ecological Reserve and adjacent areas, despite the relatively low levels of air and agrotechnogenic pollution.

Trace elements investigated by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) have been combined with oxygen isotopic composition of pink, red and other colored spinels (blue, purple, brown, orange, lavender) hosted by marbles and found in placers from Luc Yen and An Phu deposits, Yen Bai province, North Vietnam. The deposits are those from Nuoc Ngap, Cong Troi, Bai Son and different placers from the An Phu area. Trace elements such as Fe-Zn-Cr-V in red and pink gem spinels permit to separate those from Cong Troi and those from the others deposits of the An Phu area. Spinels from Cong Troi have low to extremely low Zn (< 500 ppm) and high Fe contents (3,000 to 16,000 ppm) while those from An Phu area are Zn-rich (up to 11,000 ppm). Iron is the dominant element for the other colored spinels whereas Zn, Cr and V contents are extremely variable. The Bai Son blue spinel is Fe-rich (5,000 to 7,200 ppm) with some V (950 to 1,830 ppm), Cr (270 to 480 ppm), Co (240 to 400 ppm) and Ni (550 to 950 ppm). The O-isotope composition of the whole spinels ranges between 12.1 and 24.2‰ (n = 25). Within each deposit, the range of δ18O values for red, pink and colored spinels is usually similar. However, the red and pink spinels from An Phu present two distinct sets of δ18O values, respectively between 13.2 to 17.0‰ (n = 7) and 22.5< δ18O < 24.2 (n = 5). Those from Cong Troi are from 14.8 to 17.7‰ (n = 3) and their range overlaps that of An Phu. The use of O-isotopes is not useful for distinguishing between the deposits, but the low to extremely low Zn content of the Cong Trois spinels is a discriminant. The variation of δ18O values (12.1 <δ18O < 24.2‰) of the whole spinels indicates that the oxygen isotopic compositions of the metamorphic fluids were probably buffered by the local δ18O values of the impure host marbles.ReferencesChauviré B., Rondeau B., Fritsch E., Ressigeac Ph., Devidal J.-L., 2015. Blue spinel from the Luc Yen district of Vietnam. 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Site 41CE291 was visited by H. Perry Newell and A. T. Jackson in March 1940, and they made a small surface collection of artifacts at that time; the surface-collected artifacts are in the collections of the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL). The site is on a large terrace of the Neches River, about 0.4 km east of the George C. Davis site (41CE19); the two sites are divided by a small valley of a southward-flowing spring-fed tributary of the Neches River; Forman Branch flows along the east side of this terrace. Newell noted about the site that “A. T. Jackson and I found some fragments of what may possibly be Spanish bricks in a heavily wooded area near a spring, about a mile east of the mound,” the mound namely being Mound A at the George C. Davis site. Notes by Newell in the site file for 41CE291 provide more detail about the finds there, which he suggests are from a Spanish mission, namely Mission Nuestra Padre San Francisco de Tejas or San Francisco de los Nechas, occupied by Spanish missionaries from 1716-1719 and then again from 1721-1730. Mission site on hill adjacent to spring (N) and prehistoric village to S of Branch. Mission site contains Spanish sherds and fragments of Spanish brick with a few flint artifacts. Old village some 200 yds. (S) shows no evidence of white contacts but has Indian potsherds and artifacts. Newell further indicated that there was a shack standing on the mission site, and he provided a more detailed inventory of what he and Jackson noted or collected from the site. This included a few animal bones on the old Indian village site, as well as one end scraper, one side scraper, four projectile points, two plain rim sherds, two gouges, one punctated sherd, 28 combed [brushed] sherds, two Spanish sherds, nine incised sherds, four Spanish bricks, and 30 plain sherds. In July 1969, George Kegley and Dan Witter surveyed the site while looking for other Caddo settlements that may be associated with the ca. A.D. 900-1300 occupation at the George C. Davis mound center. They noted that there was a stone marker on the terrace marking the site as the location of Mission San Francisco de Tejas or de los Nechas, but the collection of artifacts they gathered from the terrace (which was recorded at the time as 41CE54) did not contain any European artifacts, only Caddo sherds, Late Archaic to Woodland period dart points, lithic flakes, and ground stone tools. Given that the location of Mission San Francisco de Tejas or de los Nechas has not been definitively located by archaeologists, I wanted to examine the collections gathered by Newell and Jackson in 1940 to determine what evidence they had found of Spanish use of 41CE291. If there were Spanish artifacts from 41CE291, their discovery may be the first real indication that the mission was on this Neches River terrace. At the same time, early 18th century Spanish ceramics (ca. 20 sherds from Puebla Blue on white majolica sherds from several vessels) and lead balls and lead shot have recently been rediscovered in the collections from the George C. Davis site from a place several hundred meters south of Mound A at the site, and this area may also be considered a possible location of Mission San Francisco de Tejas.

Abstract Histoplasma capsulatum is endemic to Africa, Asia, Central and South America, and within the US, to the Ohio and Mississippi River Valley. Disseminated histoplasmosis is less commonly seen in immunocompetent individuals, who usually present with asymptomatic self-limited acute pneumonitis. Time to involvement of the adrenals is unknown. Adrenal insufficiency occurs in 45% of cases involving the adrenals, and is thought to be irreversible even in patients in remission. A 76-year-old man with no significant past medical history was incidentally found to have large bilateral adrenal masses during routine surveillance of a 7 mm pulmonary nodule on annual Chest CT, which showed normal adrenal glands the year prior. He was asymptomatic. A lifetime non-smoker native to California, whose only significant travel history was in his 20s to Ecuador and Puerto Rico, areas endemic to Histoplasma. Abdominal CT showed large bilateral adrenal masses with intermediate density and low washout values (right: 4.9 cm, HU 45, absolute washout 30%; left: 4.8 cm, HU 30, absolute washout 25%). On exam, vital signs were stable with normal orthostatics. Labs revealed normocytic anemia, normal chemistry panel, normal cortisol after 1-mg dexamethasone overnight test 2.6 mcg/dL (n&lt;5 mcg/dL), plasma metanephrine &lt;0.10 nmol/L (n &lt;0.50 nmol/L), plasma normetanephrine 0.89 nmol/L (n &lt;0.90 nmol/L), aldosterone 4.0 ng/dL (n &lt;31 ng/dL), PRA 2.0 ng/ml/hr (n 0.5-4 ng/ml/hr) and random free cortisol 0.38 ug/dL (n 0.022-0.254ug/dL). HIV antigen and antibody, and Histoplasma urinary antigen were negative. Left adrenal mass biopsy revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with fungal culture revealing budding yeast morphologically consistent with Histoplasmosis, with DNA probe confirming Histoplasma capsulatum. Treatment with itraconazole was initiated and the patient is tolerating the treatment well. To our knowledge, this is the first case demonstrating rapid development of large bilateral adrenal masses within a year due to latent disseminated histoplasmosis in an asymptomatic individual, which highlights the need for appropriate testing in patients with known exposure or travel history to endemic areas, regardless of time since exposure. 1.Singh M, Chandy DD, Bharani T, Marak RSK, Yadav S, Dabadghao P, et al. Clinical outcomes and cortical reserve in adrenal histoplasmosis- a retrospective follow-up study of 40 patients. Clin Endocrinol 2019 Jan 17

This paper deals with the introduction in tunnel-greenhouses of sweet sorghum cultivated in short, summer cycle as green manure with the aim to amend soils with biomass grown on farm. This practice has been spreading in tunnels of Sele river Valley (Salerno, Italy) where baby leaf crops are cultivated in numerous cycles (up to 5-7) per year. Three sorghum varieties for forage or biomass (Goliath, BMR 201 and BMR 333) were cultivated in two farms at Eboli and San Marzano sul Sarno with the aims to study their responses in term of fresh and dry aboveground biomass yielded, C and N content of the biomass incorporated in soil, C balance in amended soils after one year of ordinary cash crop sequences. No differences, with regard to all the parameters measured, were pointed out among the tested varieties in each site. The sorghum cycle lasted 45 days at Eboli, yielding on average 98 and 13 t ha^-1 of fresh and dry biomass, respectively; soil biomass incorporation supplied, on average 5.8 t ha^-1 of organic carbon and 273 kg ha^-1 of total nitrogen. In the farm of San Marzano, sorghum cycle lasted 68 days, yielding 116 and 18 t ha^-1 of fresh and dry biomass, respectively; soil biomass incorporation supplied, on average 8 t ha^-1 of organic carbon and 372 kg ha^-1 of total nitrogen. After one year, the plots amended with sorghum biomass showed a soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration not different from the starting point while SOC decreased in fallow plots. At Eboli, initial SOC content was 12.3 g kg^-1, but one year later it resulted 12.3, 12.8, 12.2 and 11.3 g kg^-1 in BMR 201, BMR 333, Goliath and control plots, respectively. At San Marzano initial SOC content was 11.4 g kg^-1, but one year later it resulted 11, 12, 10.7 and 10.5 g kg^-1 in BMR 201, BMR 333, Goliath and control plots, respectively. The annual C balance put in evidence that the green manure with sorghum biomass caused SOC losses higher than those detected in fallow plots let us supposing a prime effect in boosting the soil microbial C mineralization. Only cv BMR 333 in the Eboli trial, pointed out a positive SOC change of 1.8 t ha^-1. Further studies are requested to better understand the real efficacy of sorghum cover crop in soil amendment under tunnels devoted to intensive vegetable crop sequence.

This study determined the seasonal variability of free-living nematode communities structure (genus/family level) in organic shrimp farms ponds in Tam Giang commune, Nam Can district, Ca Mau province. Based on the result of SIMPER analysis, the average similarity in nematode communities at genus level was low with 30.75% and 30.81% (in dry and rainy season, respectively). However, the average dissimilarity between seasons was considerably high with 71.75%. Terschellingia, Daptonema, and Parodontophora were main genera contributing to similarity/dissimilarity between seasons. At the family level, results of SIMPER analysis showed that the average similarity was low with 37.12% and 39.02% (dry and rainy, respectively). Additionally, the average dissimilarity between dry and rainy season was fairly high with 64.06%. Specifically, four families such as Linhomoeidae, Xyalidae, Axonolaimidae, and Chromadoridae were the main families contributing to similarity/dissimilarity between seasons. 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