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1
BELOUSOV, IGOR A., and ILYA I. KABAK. "New species of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806 from the Chinese Tien Shan (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." Zootaxa 4679, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Five new species of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806 are described from the eastern part of the Tien Shan mountains (China, Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Region): T. tsanmensis sp. n. from the Narat Mountain Range, left bank of the Zanma River; T. torgaut sp. n. from the upper course of the Kunges River and Narat Mountain Range (both species belong to the uygur species group, which is defined here); T. aghiazicus sp. n. from the Aghiaz River and Koeksu Basin, T. cratocephalus sp. n. from the Narat Mountain Range (both belong to the micrangulus species group); and T. saluki sp. n. from the mountains S of the Kunges River (belonging to the kashensis species group, also defined in the present paper). Some new data on the distribution of T.uygur Deuve, 1993 and T. kashensis Belousov & Kabak, 2001 are given. The distribution of all known species of the uygur and kashensis groups is mapped. An identification key is provided to known species of the uygur group.
2
Komai, Yukio. "Evaluation of nutrient runoff from the kako river by continuous daily sampling." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0305.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A water sample was taken once a day for 15 months at a site near an estuary of the Kako River, Japan, to estimate nutrient loads from rivers to the sea. Total phosphorus (T-P), total nitrogen (T-N), suspended solids (SS) and electronic conductivity (EC) were measured. T-P and SS concentrations varied in proportion to the discharge, and T-P concentrations increased with those of SS, too. EC varied inversely with the discharge, but the fluctuations of T-N concentrations were less than those of T-P and SS concentrations. Water quality remained, for the most part, constant throughout the day. T-P, T-N and SS load were 181t/year, 2320t/year and 51000t/year in 1992, respectively, 54% of T-P load, 47% of T-N load and 80% of SS loads outflowed in those cases where the discharge was more than 100 m3/s, which were 36 days in 1992. 79% of T-P load, 69% of T-N load and 92% of SS load outflowed in periods of high water discharge, which were 88 in 1992. T-P and T-N loads calculated by using one day's data in every month were 151t/year and 2450t/year. But nutrient loads calculated by using the average value of data from an ordinary discharge were two or three times lower than calculated yearly loads. These results showed the importance of estimating the yearly load considering the discharge condition and sampling at a time of high water discharge.
3
BELOUSOV, IGOR A., and ILYA I. KABAK. "New Trechus species of the kozlovi group from Sichuan (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." Zootaxa 4786, no. 4 (June 4, 2020): 451–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4786.4.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main goal of the present paper is to define the kozlovi-species group of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, one of the most species-rich groups of Chinese Trechus and to describe new species of this group from two neighboring areas in Sichuan Province. Description of species groups for Chinese Trechus is a way to get a more consistent view of the taxonomy of this extremely diverse genus. The kozlovi group includes many described species, which are widespread in Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan provinces. In turn, the group can be split into several subgroups each embracing close allopatric relatives but much more material from various areas of China is required for such detailed classification. In the present work, we describe 9 new Trechus species belonging to this group, all collected in central and southern Sichuan, China: T. suopoensis sp. n. and T. gemaensis sp. n., both from the northern slopes of Mount Gema, E of Danba City, T. bianericus sp. n. and T. maoniu sp. n., both from the nortwestern slopes of the mountain massif located south of Bianer Village, WNW of Danba City, T. shangensis sp. n., T. mengensis sp. n., both from the upper valley of the small river located WSW of the village of Shangmeng, NW of Lixian City, T. cuspis sp. n. from the southern slope of Mount “5200” NW of Lixian City, three latter species from the left bank of the Zagunao River, T. qunlaishanicus sp. n. from the Qunlaishan mountains on the right bank of the Zagunao River and T. chiguguanensis sp.n. from the Chiguguan Pass.
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Česonienė, Laima, Daiva Šileikienė, and Midona Dapkienė. "Influence of Anthropogenic Load in River Basins on River Water Status: A Case Study in Lithuania." Land 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2021): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10121312.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Twenty-four rivers in different parts of Lithuania were selected for the study. The aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic load on the ecological status of rivers. Anthropogenic loads were assessed according to the pollution sources in individual river catchment basins. The total nitrogen (TN) values did not correspond to the “good” and “very good” ecological status classes in 51% of the tested water bodies; 19% had a “bad” to “moderate” BOD7, 50% had “bad” to “moderate” NH4-N, 37% had “bad” to “moderate” NO3-N, and 4% had “bad” to “moderate” PO4-P. The total phosphorus (TP) values did not correspond to the “good” and “very good” ecological status classes in 4% of the tested water bodies. The largest amounts of pollution in river basins were generated from the following sources: transit pollution, with 87,599 t/year of total nitrogen and 5020 t/year of total phosphorus; agricultural pollution, with 56,031 t/year of total nitrogen and 2474 t/year of total phosphorus. The highest total nitrogen load in river basins per year, on average, was from transit pollution, accounting for 53.89%, and agricultural pollution, accounting for 34.47%. The highest total phosphorus load was also from transit pollution, totaling 58.78%, and agricultural pollution, totaling 28.97%. Multiple regression analysis showed the agricultural activity had the biggest negative influence on the ecological status of rivers according to all studied indicators.
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Windolf, J., H. Tornbjerg, C. C. Hoffmann, J. R. Poulsen, G. Blicher-Mathiesen, and B. Kronvang. "Successful reduction of diffuse nitrogen emissions at catchment scale: example from the pilot River Odense, Denmark." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 11 (February 2, 2016): 2583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land-based total nitrogen (N) loadings to Danish coastal waters have been markedly reduced since 2000. This has been achieved by general measures reducing discharges from all point sources and N leaching from farmed land supplemented with more local and targeted mitigation measures such as restoration of wetlands to increase the catchment-specific N retention. In the catchment of River Odense, restoration of wetlands has been extensive. Thus, in the major gauged catchment (485 km2) eleven wetlands (860 ha) have been restored since 2000. A comparison of data on N concentrations and loss from a gauging station in the River Odense with data from a control catchment (772 km2), in which a significantly less intensive wetland restoration programme has been undertaken, showed an excess downward trend in N, amounting to 124 t N yr−1, which can be ascribed to the intensive wetland restoration programme carried out in the River Odense catchment. In total, the N load in the River Odense has been reduced by 377 t N yr−1 (39%) since 2000. The observed downward trend is supported by monitoring data from two wetlands restored in 2001 and 2004 in the River Odense catchment.
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Gagarin, V. G., and Vu Thanh Nguyen. "Two new species of free-living nematodes from the mouth of the Cam River, North Vietnam." Zoosystematica Rossica 15, no. 2 (March 2, 2007): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2006.15.2.215.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Descriptions and illustrations of Terschellingia longisoma sp. n. and Sphaerotheristus parvus sp. n. are given. T. longisoma sp. n. is close to T. siphonolaimoides (Wieser, 1956) and T. capitata Vitiello, 1969. It differs from T. siphonolaimoides in the shorter and thinner body, shorter cephalic setae, absence of cervical setae, position of vulva, and from T. capitata in the longer and thinner body, shorter and thicker tail and larger amphidial fovea. S. parvus sp. n. is close to S. supoti Timm, 1968, but differs from it in the shorter stoma and shorter and differently shaped spicules.
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Bartoli, M., E. Racchetti, C. A. Delconte, E. Sacchi, E. Soana, A. Laini, D. Longhi, and P. Viaroli. "Nitrogen balance and fate in a heavily impacted watershed (Oglio River, Northern Italy): in quest of the missing sources and sinks." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 5 (September 12, 2011): 9201–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-9201-2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. We present data from a comprehensive investigation carried out from 2007 to 2010, focussing on nitrogen pollution in the lower Oglio River basin (3800 km2, Po plain, Northern Italy). Nitrogen mass balances, computed for the whole basin with 2000 and 2008 data, suggest a large N surplus in this area, over 40 000 t N yr−1, and increasing between 2000 and 2008. Calculations indicate a very large impact of animal husbandry and agricultural activities in this watershed, with livestock manure and synthetic fertilizers contributing 85 % of total N inputs (about 100 000 t N yr−1) and largely exceeding crop uptake and other N losses (about 60 000 t N yr−1). Nitrogen from domestic and industrial origin is estimated as about 5800 and 7200 t N yr−1, respectively, although these loads are overestimated, as denitrification in treatment plants is not considered; nonetheless, they represent a minor term of the N budget. Annual export of nitrogen from the basin, calculated from flow data and water chemistry at the mouth of the Oglio River, is estimated at 13 000 t N yr−1, and represents a relatively small fraction of N inputs and surplus (~12 % and 34 %, respectively). After considering N sinks in crop uptake, soil denitrification and volatilization, a large excess remains unaccounted (~26 000 t N yr−1) in unknown temporary or permanent N sinks. Nitrogen removal via denitrification was evaluated in the Oglio riverbed with stable isotope techniques (δ15N and δ18O in nitrate). The downstream final segment of the river displays an enriched nitrate stable isotope composition but calculations suggest a N removal corresponding to at most 12 % of the unaccounted for N amount. Denitrification was also evaluated in riverine wetlands with the isotope pairing technique. Areal rates are elevated but overall N removal is low (about 1 % of the missing N amount), due to small wetland surfaces and limited lateral connectivity. The secondary drainage channel network has a much higher potential for nitrogen removal via denitrification, due to its great linear development, estimated in over 12 500 km, and its capillary distribution in the watershed. In particular, we estimated a maximum N loss up to 8500 t N yr−1, which represents up to 33 % of the unaccounted for N amount in the basin. Overall, denitrification in surface aquatic habitats within this basin can be responsible for the permanent removal of about 12 000 t of N per year; but the fate of some 14 000 t remains unknown. We provide evidences that an important N sink in this basin could be represented by groundwater. In the short term, the aquifers can store nitrogen and available data on nitrate concentration in wells support this hypothesis. In the mid-long term, part of the accumulated nitrate can be substantially recycled via springs and can pollute surface waters via river-groundwater interactions. This probably explains the ten fold increase of nitrate concentration in a reach of the lower Oglio River where no point pollutions sources are present.
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Bartoli, M., E. Racchetti, C. A. Delconte, E. Sacchi, E. Soana, A. Laini, D. Longhi, and P. Viaroli. "Nitrogen balance and fate in a heavily impacted watershed (Oglio River, Northern Italy): in quest of the missing sources and sinks." Biogeosciences 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2012): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-361-2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. We present data from a comprehensive investigation carried out from 2007 to 2010, focussing on nitrogen pollution in the Oglio River basin (3800 km2, Po Plain, Northern Italy). Nitrogen mass balances, computed for the whole basin with 2000 and 2008 data, suggest a large N surplus in this area, over 40 000 t N yr−1, and increasing between 2000 and 2008. Calculations indicate a very large impact of animal husbandry and agricultural activities in this watershed, with livestock manure and synthetic fertilizers contributing 85% of total N inputs (about 100 000 t N yr−1) and largely exceeding crop uptake and other N losses (about 60 000 t N yr−1). Nitrogen from domestic and industrial origin is estimated as about 5800 and 7200 t N yr−1, respectively, although these loads are overestimated, as denitrification in treatment plants is not considered; nonetheless, they represent a minor term of the N budget. Annual export of nitrogen from the basin, calculated from flow data and water chemistry at the mouth of the Oglio River, is estimated at 13 000 t N yr−1, and represents a relatively small fraction of N inputs and surplus (∼12% and 34%, respectively). After considering N sinks in crop uptake, soil denitrification and volatilization, a large excess remains unaccounted (∼26 000 t N yr−1) in unknown temporary or permanent N sinks. Nitrogen removal via denitrification was evaluated in the Oglio riverbed with stable isotope techniques (δ15N and δ18O in nitrate). The downstream final segment of the river displays an enriched nitrate stable isotope composition but calculations suggest a N removal corresponding to at most 20% of the unaccounted for N amount. Denitrification was also evaluated in riverine wetlands with the isotope pairing technique. Areal rates are elevated but overall N removal is low (about 1% of the missing N amount), due to small wetland surfaces and limited lateral connectivity. The secondary drainage channel network has a much higher potential for nitrogen removal via denitrification, due to its great linear development, estimated in over 12 500 km, and its capillary distribution in the watershed. In particular, we estimated a maximum N loss up to 8500 t N yr−1, which represents up to 33% of the unaccounted for N amount in the basin. Overall, denitrification in surface aquatic habitats within this basin can be responsible for the permanent removal of about 12 000 t N yr−1; but the fate of some 14 000 t remains unknown. Available data on nitrate concentration in wells suggest that in the central part of the watershed groundwater accumulates nitrogen. Simultaneously, we provide evidences that part of the stored nitrate can be substantially recycled via springs and can pollute surface waters via river-groundwater interactions. This probably explains the ten fold increase of nitrate concentration in a reach of the Oglio River where no point pollutions sources are present.
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Stålnacke, P., A. Pengerud, A. Vassiljev, E. Smedberg, C. M. Mörth, H. E. Hägg, C. Humborg, and H. E. Andersen. "Nitrogen surface water retention in the Baltic Sea drainage basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 2 (February 23, 2015): 981–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-981-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In this paper, we estimate the surface water retention of nitrogen (N) in all the 117 drainage basins to the Baltic Sea with the use of a statistical model (MESAW) for source apportionment of riverine loads of pollutants. Our results show that the MESAW model was able to estimate the N load at the river mouth of 88 Baltic Sea rivers, for which we had observed data, with a sufficient degree of precision and accuracy. The estimated retention parameters were also statistically significant. Our results show that around 380 000 t of N are annually retained in surface waters draining to the Baltic Sea. The total annual riverine load from the 117 basins to the Baltic Sea was estimated at 570 000 t of N, giving a total surface water N retention of around 40%. In terms of absolute retention values, three major river basins account for 50% of the total retention in the 117 basins; i.e. around 104 000 t of N are retained in Neva, 55 000 t in Vistula and 32 000 t in Oder. The largest retention was found in river basins with a high percentage of lakes as indicated by a strong relationship between N retention (%) and share of lake area in the river drainage areas. For example in Göta älv, we estimated a total N retention of 72%, whereof 67% of the retention occurred in the lakes of that drainage area (Lake Vänern primarily). The obtained results will hopefully enable the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) to refine the nutrient load targets in the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), as well as to better identify cost-efficient measures to reduce nutrient loadings to the Baltic Sea.
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Stålnacke, P., A. Pengerud, A. Vassiljev, E. Smedberg, C. M. Mörth, H. E. Hägg, C. Humborg, and H. E. Andersen. "Nitrogen surface water retention in the Baltic Sea drainage basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 9 (September 26, 2014): 10829–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-10829-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In this paper, we estimate the surface water retention of nitrogen (N) in all the 117 drainage basins to the Baltic Sea with the use of a statistical model (MESAW) for source apportionment of riverine loads of pollutants. Our results show that the MESAW model was able to estimate the N load at the river mouth of 88 Baltic Sea rivers, for which we had observed data, with a sufficient degree of precision and accuracy. The estimated retention parameters were also statistically significant. Our results show that around 380 000 t of N are annually retained in surface waters draining to the Baltic Sea. The total annual riverine load from the 117 basins to the Baltic Sea was estimated to 570 000 t of N, giving a total surface water N retention of around 40%. In terms of absolute retention values, three major river basins account for 50% of the total retention in the 117 basins; i.e. around 104 000 t of N is retained in Neva, 55 000 t in Vistula and 32 000 t in Oder. The largest retention was found in river basins with a high percentage of lakes as indicated by a strong relationship between N retention (%) and share of lake area in the river drainage areas. For example in Göta älv, we estimated a total N retention of 72%, whereof 67% of the retention occurred in the lakes of that drainage area (Lake Vänern primarily). The obtained results will hopefully enable the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) to refine the nutrient load targets in the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), as well as to better identify cost-efficient measures to reduce nutrient loadings to the Baltic Sea.
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Felicetti, Denise, Chrystian A. G. Haerter, Lucas Baumgärtner, Leonardo M. Paiz, Fábio H. Takagui, Vladimir P. Margarido, Daniel R. Blanco, Eliana Feldberg, Maelin da Silva, and Roberto L. Lui. "A New Variant B Chromosome in Auchenipteridae: The Role of (GATA)n and (TTAGGG)n Sequences in Understanding the Evolution of Supernumeraries in Trachelyopterus." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 161, no. 1-2 (2021): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000513107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Basic and molecular cytogenetic techniques were carried out in 3 Neotropical region populations of catfishes, two of <i>Trachelyopterus galeatus</i> (one from the marshlands of Paraguay River basin and another from Lago Catalão, Amazon River basin) and one of <i>Trachelyopterus porosus</i>, a sympatric population to <i>T. galeatus</i> from the Amazon River basin. This study aimed to describe and understand the structure and evolution of <i>Trachelyopterus</i> B chromosomes, mainly through physical mapping of repetitive elements. A diploid number of 58 chromosomes was found for all individuals, as well as the presence of B chromosomes. For <i>T. porosus</i> this is the first report of a supernumerary. The sympatric species of <i>T. galeatus</i> and <i>T. porosus</i> from Amazon River had 1–3 B chromosomes and <i>T. galeatus</i> from Paraguay River had 1–2 B chromosomes, all of them showed intra- and interindividual numerical variation. Two females of <i>T. porosus</i> exhibited a new variant B chromosome (B2), previously not seen in Auchenipteridae, which might have originated from B1 chromosomes. All B chromosomes were entirely heterochromatic. In contrast to all complement A and B2 chromosomes, in which the telomeric sequences were found in the telomeric regions, B1 chromosomes of all populations were totally marked by (TTAGGG)<sub>n</sub> probes. (GATA)<sub>n</sub> sequence sites were found through all complement A chromosomes, but B1 and B2 chromosomes exhibited only a clustered block in one of the chromosome arms. The most frequent B chromosomes (B1) in all populations/species, including those previously studied in Auchenipteridae catfishes, share the following characteristics: totally heterochromatic, small, metacentric, with accumulation of repetitive (TTAGGG)<sub>n</sub> sequences, and a low number of (GATA)<sub>n</sub> copies, which might suggest a common ancient origin in <i>Trachelyopterus</i> species/populations.
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Oz, Nurtac, Bayram Topal, and Halil Ibrahim Uzun. "Prediction of Water Quality in Riva River Watershed." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2019-0051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Riva River is a water basin located within the borders of Istanbul in the Marmara Region (Turkey) in the south-north direction. Water samples were taken for the 35 km drainage area of the Riva River Basin before the river flows into the Black Sea at 4 stations on the Riva River every month and analyses were carried out. Changes were observed in the quality of water from upstream to downstream. For this purpose, the spatial and temporal variations of water quality were investigated using 13 water quality variables with the ANOVA test. It was observed that COD, DO, S and BOD were important in determining the spatial variation. On the other hand, it was found out that all the variables were effective in determining the temporal variation. Moreover, the correlation analysis which was carried out in order to assess the relations between water quality variables showed that the variables of BOD-COD, BOD-EC, COD-EC, BOD-T and COD-T were correlated and the regression analysis showed that COD, TKN and NH4-N explained BOD and BOD, NH4-N, T and TSS explained COD by approximately 80 %. Consequently, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Decision Tree and Logistic Regression models were developed using the data of training set in order to predict the water quality classes of the variables of COD, BOD and NH4-N. Quality classes were predicted for the variables by inputting the data of testing set into the developed models. According to these results, it was seen that the ANN was the best prediction model for COD, the Decision Tree for BOD and the ANN and Decision Tree for NH4-N.
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Shimizu, Y., S. I. Onodera, G. Jin, and M. Saito. "Estimation of long-term nutrient loadings into a hyper eutrophic artificial lake in a lowland catchment, western Japan." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 368 (May 7, 2015): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-368-337-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Lake Kojima, an artificial lake located in the coastal area of western Japan, is categorized as a hyper eutrophic lake due to the nutrient inputs from the Sasagase River, Kurashiki River and Kamo River. The input nutrient loads from the rivers have never been assessed because there are no observation stations for runoff rate. The objective of this study is to confirm the total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) loads into Lake Kojima using the SWAT model for 60 years and considering changes in land use and the amount of domestic wastewater in the watersheds. Estimation results show that more than 90% of the total nutrient load comes from the Sasagase and Kurashiki rivers. The estimated T-N and T-P loads indicated two different trends in the rivers; an increasing trend is found during the period from 1950 to 1980, while a decreasing trend is found during the period from 1980 to 2009. It was suggested that the increasing trend was commonly caused by the combined effects of increase of the amount of domestic wastewater and agricultural wastewater in the watersheds, while the decreasing trend was caused by the expansion of domestic wastewater treatment and decrease of agricultural land use. The contribution ratio of domestic wastewater to the total amount of nutrient load was estimated to be 60% in Sasagase River and 15% in Kurashiki River because the treatment ratio of domestic wastewater in Kurashiki River was higher than in Sasagase River.
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Koromyslova, Anna V., Alexey V. Pakhnevich, and Petr V. Fedorov. "Tobolocella levinae n. gen., n. sp., a cheilostome bryozoan from the late Maastrichtian of northern Kazakhstan: scanning electron microscope and micro-CT study." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 294, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2019/0848.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A cheilostome bryozoan Tobolocella levinae gen. et sp. nov. is described from a late Maastrichtian outcrop located on the right bank of the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan. Its morphology is investigated in detail using combined scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-CT data. These studies reveal that colonies of this new genus generally consist of regularly arranged but morphologically different zooids: autozooids, T-zooids, and vicarious avicularia. The T-zooids first established in T. levinae gen. et sp. nov. are zooids with a modified cystid and can be interpreted as autozooidal polymorphs, if its polypide was identical to that of regular autozooids, or heterozooids, if its polypide was modified. The T-zooids probably can increase the distance between autozooidal polypides to improve their feeding efficiency.
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Quansah, Jude Ofei, Seung-Hee Hong, Chang-Gu Lee, and Seong-Jik Park. "Application of Activated Seashells and Sand Armor for Disrupting N and P Release from River Sediments." Water 14, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182875.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigated the applicability of oyster (OS) and mussel shells (MS) as capping materials to inhibit the movement of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from river sediments. OS and MS are difficult to dispose of as waste, and have been used environmentally to clean up sediments contaminated with nitrogen and phosphorus. OS and MS increased the nutrient adsorption efficiency through simple heat treatment. The effectiveness of OS and MS capping with sand armor (SA) was evaluated in laboratory incubation experiments for 63 d. The sediments were capped with an active capping material (OS or MS) and then with either 1 cm or 3 cm SA. The pH and EC values were remarkably high under MS capping conditions because Ca2+ and Mg2+ were eluted from the MS material. The elution of Ca2+ and Mg2+ negatively affected the inhibition of NH4-N release by MS capping. OS capping demonstrated better performance for blocking the release of NH4-N and T-N than that of MS capping; the efficiency was enhanced by adding a 3 cm SA layer on top of the MS layer. In contrast, the PO4-P and T-P releases from the river sediments were effectively impeded by MS capping. OS capping with a 3 cm SA layer (OS/SA3) was recommended as the best capping strategy for inhibiting N and P releases from river sediments. The capping efficiencies of OS/SA3 for NH4-N, T-N, PO4-P, and T-P were 92.2%, 51.4%, 101.3%, and 93.3%, respectively.
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Guiraud, Deborah Maria Corrêa, Ervim Lenzi, Eduardo Bernardi Luchese, and Luzia Otília Bortotti Fávero. "Loss of macronutrients (N, P, K) in the hydrographic basin of the River Ivaí, an affluent of the River Paraná." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 47, no. 4 (August 2004): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132004000400019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Influence of some environmental variables in the loss of macronutrients N, P, K, from the hydrographic basin of the River Ivaí were analysed. Water samples of the river were monthly collected for five consecutive days during a year. In terms of total intervals of average monthly values and total average values experiment results, in mg L-1, were: N (0.32-3.22 and 1.65); K (0.73-2.69 and 1.38); P (not detected-0.39 and 0.076); COD (0.21-36.0 and 12.8); O2(dis) (1.89-8.40 and 5.43); and temperature (ºC) (16.0-30.8 and 24.6); pH (5.18-8.50 and 7.15). Statistical analysis of data showed that quantity of macronutrient (N, K, P) carried off from the hydrographic basin of the River Ivaí were directly correlated to fluviometric levels (caused by rainfall and floodings) at 5% level of significance. Carried off quantities, in t a-1, were N = 25,136.0; K = 21,010.0 and P = 1,161.2.
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KOWALENKO, C. G., S. FREYMAN, D. L. BATES, and N. E. HOLBEK. "AN EVALUATION OF THE T-SUM METHOD FOR EFFICIENT TIMING OF SPRING NITROGEN APPLICATIONS ON FORAGE PRODUCTION IN SOUTH COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 1179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seven field trials were conducted over 3 years (1984–1986) at two locations (Agassiz and Oyster River) in south coastal British Columbia to determine forage response to 100 kg N ha−1 applied at various time intervals in the spring according to the accumulation of average air temperatures above 0 °C from 1 Jan. (T-sum). A T-sum of 200 has been reported to be the optimum time for N application in western Europe and the United Kingdom. Both urea and ammonium nitrate were applied at the Oyster River location, while only ammonium nitrate was applied at Agassiz. First-cut forage dry matter production responded to the timing of N application in a variety of ways in the seven trials, with a decrease in growth as N was applied later in the season in most cases. In one trial, dry matter production was lowest at T-100 and T-150 compared to later times of application. Although there were variations among the trials, overall the highest yields occurred when N was applied at T-200 to T-300. Crop quality (%N or crude protein content), however, tended to increase as N was applied later in the season. Recovery of N in the plant and soil at harvest was relatively uniform for all times of N application and the distribution of extractable inorganic N in the soil profile suggested little N leaching. The dominant form of inorganic N found in the soil was ammonium. The cool soil temperatures and flush of plant and microbial activity probably contributed to the apparent lack of leaching and response of the grass to the N applied at various times early in the growing season. The timing of N application in the spring resulted in varying residual effects, whether N was applied or not after the first cut.Key words: N fertilization, yield, quality, timing, N recovery
18
SILVA, GABRIEL S. C., BRUNO F. MELO, CLAUDIO OLIVEIRA, and RICARDO C. BENINE. "Revision of the South American genus Tetragonopterus Cuvier, 1816 (Teleostei: Characidae) with description of four new species." Zootaxa 4200, no. 1 (November 27, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4200.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The systematics of the characid genus Tetragonopterus is reviewed based on morphological and molecular data of specimens from its entire geographical range encompassing all major South American river drainages from Orinoco basin southward to the La Plata basin. Eight previously described species (T. anostomus, T. araguaiensis, T. argenteus, T. carvalhoi, T. chalceus, T. denticulatus, T. georgiae n. comb., and T. rarus) are recognized as valid, four of which are redescribed (T. argenteus, T. chalceus, T. georgiae, and T. rarus), and four new species from the Brazilian Shield in the Amazon and São Francisco river basins are herein described. We also provide evidence for the reallocation of Moenkhausia georgiae into Tetragonopterus and recognize T. akamai as junior synonym of T. anostomus. DNA barcodes of Tetragonopterus revealed genetic support for each recognized species and provided valuable population-level information within T. argenteus, T. chalceus, T. georgiae, and T. rarus.
19
Yang, Suhang, Jie Liang, Xiaodong Li, Yuru Yi, Ziqian Zhu, Xin Li, Xuwu Chen, Shuai Li, Yeqing Zhai, and Ziming Pei. "The Impacts of Hydrology and Climate on Hydrological Connectivity in a Complex River–Lake Floodplain System Based on High Spatiotemporal Resolution Images." Water 14, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121836.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The drivers that determine the hydrological connectivity (HC) are complex and interrelated, and disentangling this complexity will improve the administration of the river–lake interconnection system. Dongting Lake, as a typical river–lake interconnected system, is freely connected with the Yangtze River and their HC plays a major role in keeping the system healthy. Climate, hydrology, and anthropogenic activities are associated with the HC. In this study, hydrological drivers were divided into the total flow of three inlets (T-flow) and the total flow of four tributaries (F-flow). To elucidate the HC of the Dongting Lake, HC was calculated by geostatistical methods in association with Sentinel-2 remote sensing images. Then, the structural equation model (SEM) was used to quantify the impacts of hydrology (F-flow, and T-flow) and meteorology (precipitation, evaporation, and temperature) on HC. The geostatistical analysis results demonstrated that the HC showed apparent seasonal change. For East and West Dongting Lake, the dominant element was north–south hydrological connectivity (N–S HC), and the restricted was west–east hydrological connectivity (W-E HC), but the dominant element was E–W HC and the restricted was N–S HC in South Dongting Lake. The results of SEM showed that N–S HC was mainly explained by T-flow (r = 0.49, p < 0.001) and F-flow (r = 0.28, p < 0.05). T-flow, temperature (r = 0.33, p < 0.05), and F-flow explained E–W HC. The finding of this work supports the management of both the Dongting Lake floodplain and other similar river–lake floodplain systems.
20
Wang, Mao Lan, Bin Luo, and Wen Bin Zhou. "Calculation and Analysis of the Water Environment Capacity for the Yuanhe River in Jiangxi Province, China." Advanced Materials Research 281 (July 2011): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.281.137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Yuanhe River is a major source of drinking, irrigation, industrial, hydropower generation, and recreational water for the circumjacent city. It has more serious water pollution problems because it flows through some heavy industry cities. So basis of the river water environment functional zones combined the various water quality data and the monitoring hydrological data, the water environment capacity of the Yuanhe River was calculated by using the one-dimensional water quality model. The results show that the water environment capacity is 112650 t/yr for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 3265 t/yr for ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N). Most of the control units have residual water environment capacity, only individual control units have the serious water pollution and its residual capacity of COD and NH3-N is below 0, so it is necessary to strengthen the pollution control of these control units.
21
Калинникова, Татьяна Борисовна, Алсу Фоатовна Гатиятуллина та Анастасия Васильевна Егорова. "ТОКСИЧЕСКОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ ПЕСТИЦИДОВ НА ПЧЕЛ: ОБЗОР". Российский журнал прикладной экологии, № 3 (25 вересня 2021): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/2411-7374.2021.3.50.57.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Массовое применение пестицидов для защиты растений от вредителей и болезней неизбежно ставит вопрос о безопасности этих соединений для организмов, не являющихся мишенями их действия. В статье приведен обзор исследований влияния инсектицидов, акарицидов, фунгицидов и гербицидов на Apis mellifera. Эти вещества могут оказывать как летальное, так и сублетальное токсическое действие на пчел. В последние два десятилетия в большинстве стран наблюдается массовая гибель пчелиных семей, основной причиной которой считают применение инсектицидов неоникотиноидов. В связи с высокой токсичностью неоникотиноидов для пчел в странах Евросоюза в 2013 г. был введен мораторий на их использование. Большую опасность для пчел представляет применение инсектицидов в смеси с гербицидами и/или фунгицидами. Гербициды и фунгициды per se не оказывают прямого токсического действия на пчел, но при смешивании их с инсектицидами наблюдается существенное усиление негативного влияния на пчел вследствие синергизма. Помимо усиления токсичности инсектицидов для пчел гербициды, в частности глифосат, уничтожают естественное биоразнообразие растений, в том числе снижают численность дикорастущих медоносов. В Российской Федерации с июня 2021 г. действует закон «О пчеловодстве в Российской Федерации», в котором перечислены мероприятия, направленные на защиту пчел от негативного воздействия пестицидов и агрохимикатов. Перечень мероприятий по защите пчел от токсического действия пестицидов содержится также в СанПиН 1.2.2584-10 «Гигиенические требования к безопасности процессов испытаний, хранения, перевозки, реализации, применения, обезвреживания и утилизации пестицидов и агрохимикатов» и «Инструкции о мероприятиях по предупреждению и ликвидации болезней, отравлений и основных вредителей пчел».
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27. Woodcock B.A., Bullock J.M., Shore R.F., Heard M.S., Pereira M.G., Redhead J., Ridding L., Dean H., Sleep D., Henrys P., Peyton J., Hulmes S., Hulmes L., Sárospataki M., Saure C., Edwards M., Genersch E., Knäbe S., Pywell R.F. Country-specific effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on honey bees and wild bees // Science. 2017. V. 356. P. 1393–1395. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa1190.
22
Zhang, Ziqi, Lei Yang, Zemeng Duan, and Hongyan Shen. "Relationship between water quality assessment and phytoplankton community structure of M River in Shijiazhuang City." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126701026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On the basis of the “Environmental quality standard for surface water” (GB 3838-2002) in China, eight water quality indexes were measured in M River, including pH, water temperature (T), transparency (SD), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical needs Oxygen (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP). Using the single factor index method, it is concluded that the water pollution of M River is serious and the water quality is beyond Grade V of water environment standard. Moreover some indexes of the water quality meet with the standard level, including COD, NH3-N, TN and TP. The Pearson correlation analysis is conducted between water quality indexes and phytoplankton community parameters. After phytoplankton qualitative and quantitative analysis, the phytoplankton community characteristics in Minxin River were analyzed by Dominance index (Y), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), Margalef Species diversity index (d) and Pielou evenness index (J). H’ and TN was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.923, P <0.05); J and COD was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.918, P <0.05); There was a very significant negative correlation between d and water temperature (T), COD, NH3-N, TN (r =-0.881, P <0.01; r =-0.983, P <0.01; r =-0.893, P <0.01; r=-0.962, P<0.01). The result of the research indicates that T, COD, NH3-N and TN are main water quality indexes affecting phytoplankton community structure.
23
Fairey, N. A. "Herbage productivity and nutritive value of nine grasses in the Peace River region of northwestern Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-094.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seasonal production profiles are fundamental to the effective utilisation of herbage crops. In the Peace River region of north-western Canada, the seasonal productivity and nutritive value of the primary growth of nine grasses was assessed under conditions of potentially non-limiting N fertiliser (150 kg N ha-1). Yield, digestibility and N concentration of dry matter (DM) were determined for herbage harvested at six dates during primary growth (late-May to mid-August at 2-wk intervals), and regressed on time in the growing season. Herbage DM yield increased exponentially throughout primary growth for each grass although the nature of the relationship differed among the grasses, both with respect to the maximum yield and the amount of early-season production; maximum yields ranged from 3.61 t ha-1 for reed canary to 6.31 t ha-1 for intermediate wheat. The early-season productivity of meadow foxtail and crested wheat was particularly evident, with DM yields in excess of 1 t ha-1 by 24 May compared to less than 0.32 t ha-1 for the other seven grasses. Reed canary and meadow foxtail had high N concentrations, meadow brome and three wheatgrasses had low N concentrations, and smooth brome, timothy and creeping red fescue had intermediate N concentrations. Herbage digestibility during the primary growth could be characterised by a single response curve for the nine grasses; digestibility decreased exponentially during the vegetative to head-emergence stage of growth at an average rate of 4.1 g kg-1 DM d-1, from 830 g kg-1 DM in late-May to 616 g kg-1 DM in mid-July. Herbage N concentration and digestibility were related linearly for each of the nine grasses. Key words: Grasses, herbage, yield, nutritive value, primary growth
24
Zhi, Jian Hui, Ai Zhong Ding, Li Rong Cheng, Shu Rong Zhang, and Xuan Zhao. "Nitrogen Pollution Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of FengHe River and its Tributaries." Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (April 2013): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In December 2011,April 2012 and September 2012, the surface water of the Fenghe River and its tributaries were collected.The temporal variation characteristics of concentration of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-- N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+- N), and total nitrogen (TN) in the water were studied. Combined with basin characteristics such as land use and precipitation, causes were analyzed. The results showed that NO3-- N content in water gradually increased along the direction of flow spatially, which was closely related to the spatial distribution of land use and pollution sources distribution. In dry period and flood period, the NO3-- N content in water was less than that in usual discharge period. NO3-- N content t in April,2012 reflected the nitrate nitrogen pollution characteristics in storm period. Fenghe River and its tributaries, from source to import into the Weihe River, the concentration of ammonium salt little changed, and at the most sample sites the ammonium salt concentration were not more than 1 mg/L. NO3-- N is drainage nitrogen main stable form in Fenghe River. TN content in Fenghe River system was obviously higher than that of the vclass of the surface water environment quality standard.
25
PESIC, VLADIMIR, HARRY SMIT, and THIBAULT DATRY. "Water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from the hyporheic waters of the Selwyn River (New Zealand), with descriptions of nine new species." Zootaxa 2355, no. 1 (February 10, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2355.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
New records of water mite species (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from hyporheic waters of Selwyn River (South Island, New Zealand) are reported. One new genus, Canterburaturus Pesic & Smit n. gen. (Aturidae) and nine new species are described: Taintaturus selwynus Pesic & Smit n. sp., T. rostratus Pesic & Smit n. sp., T. waikirikiri Pesic & Smit n. sp., Colobaturus selwynus Pesic & Smit n. sp., Canterburaturus minutus Pesic & Smit n. sp., C. cooki Pesic & Smit n. sp., C. novaeseelandicus Pesic & Smit n. sp., Abelaturus schwoerbeli Pesic & Smit n. sp., and Zelandalbia longipalpis Pesic & Smit n. sp. A first description of the male is given for Piotaturus bovalus Cook, 1983. A list is given of all known hyporheic species of New Zealand.
26
Ma, Qiuxia, Yong Pang, and Ronghua Mu. "Water Environmental Capacity Calculation Based on Control of Contamination Zone for Water Environment Functional Zones in Jiangsu Section of Yangtze River, China." Water 13, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050587.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, due to unsustainable production methods and the demands of daily life, the water quality of the Yangtze River has deteriorated. In response to Yangtze River protection policy, and to protect and restore the ecological environment of the river, a two-dimensional model of the Jiangsu section was established to study the water environmental capacity (WEC) of 90 water environment functional zones. The WEC of the river in each city was calculated based on the results of the water environment functional zones. The results indicated that the total WECs of the study area for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and total phosphorus (TP) were 251,198 t/year, 24,751 t/year, and 3251 t/year, respectively. Among the eight cities studied, Nanjing accounted for the largest proportion (25%) of pollutants discharged into the Yangtze River; Suzhou (11%) and Zhenjiang (12%) followed, and Wuxi contributed the least (0.4%). The results may help the government to control the discharge of pollutants by enterprises and sewage treatment plants, which would improve the water environment and effectively maintain the water ecological function. This research on the WEC of the Yangtze River may serve as a basis for pollution control and water quality management, and exemplifies WEC calculations of the world’s largest rivers.
27
Mitchell, A. W., R. G. V. Bramley, and A. K. L. Johnson. "Export of nutrients and suspended sediment during a cyclone-mediated flood event in the Herbert River catchment, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 48, no. 1 (1997): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf96021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Changes in the river chemistry of the Herbert River (northern Queensland) during a flood event that followed Cyclone Sadie in January 1994 are presented. Parallel data sets collected by AIMS and CSIRO were generally well correlated. Around the flood peak, concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients declined to a minimum, whereas particulate nutrient concentrations increased to a maximum (particulate nitrogen, 1200 µg N L-1; particulate phosphorus, 225 µg P L-1). Concentrations of dissolved organic nutrients varied erratically. Concentrations of silicate and potassium, pH and electrical conductivity varied inversely with discharge. Good correlations were observed between the concentrations of particulates and concurrent discharge, with differing relationships existing during the rising and falling stages of the flood. It is estimated that this flood event resulted in the export of at least 600 t of N, 65 t of P and 100000 t of suspended sediments over a period of six and a half days, with most transport (85%) occurring within the first two days. Particulate fractions of N (50%) and P (80%) constituted the bulk of the nutrient flux. This study illustrates the potential for high nutrient exports during brief flood events from intensively farmed agricultural land within tropical catchments.
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De Girolamo, Anna Maria, and Antonio Lo Porto. "Source Apportionment of Nutrient Loads to a Mediterranean River and Potential Mitigation Measures." Water 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020577.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aims of the study were to quantify nutrient loads from point and diffuse pollution sources in the Rio Mannu stream and to simulate mitigation measures for reducing nutrient loads delivered to the Santa Gilla wetland. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was used for simulating hydrology, nutrient balance and water quality. At the basin scale, the input from fertilisers was 80.3 kg ha−1 year−1 total nitrogen (TN) (87.6% of the total input) and 27.6 kg ha−1 year−1 of total phosphorus (TP) (99.8% of the total input). Atmospheric deposition and biological N-fixation together accounted for about 12% of the total TN input. The TN and TP from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were about 14.2 t year−1 and 3.1 t year−1, respectively. Nutrient loads delivered to the river system differed among the sub-basins, with TP ranging from 0.2 kg ha−1 year−1 to 2.7 kg ha−1 year−1, and the sum of organic N and NO3-N ranging from 1.8 kg ha−1 year−1 to 22.9 kg ha−1 year−1. Under high flow conditions, NO3-N and TP accounted for 89% and 99% of the total load, respectively. The low flow contribution to the total load was very low, with NO3-N and TP accounting for 2.8% and 0.7%, respectively. However, the natural hydrological regime in the study area is intermittent, and low flow represents a critical condition for the water quality due to the high concentrations of TP and NO3-N from WWTP discharge. To improve the water quality, the reuse of treated wastewater from three WWTPs for irrigation purposes on olive cultivation, coupled with a 20% reduction in fertiliser application, was simulated. The results showed a reduction in nutrient loads at the outlet for all hydrological conditions. However, additional measures are needed for improving water quality.
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Golovatin, Mikhail G., and Vasiliy A. Sokolov. "Distribution of Yellow Wagtail Forms Motacilla flava – Complex in the North of Western Siberia, Russia." Open Ornithology Journal 10, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874453201710010001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On the basis of the materials obtained from the studies carried out from 2000 to 2015, we present the data on distribution of the Yellow Wagtail forms in the north of Western Siberia, i.e. within the overlapping boundaries of the ranges of a complex set of several polytypical forms – Motacilla flava sensu lato. Four forms have been identified here: two forms from the group of Western Yellow Wagtails (M. f. thunbergi and M. f. beema & flava) and two forms from the group of Eastern Yellow Wagtails (M. t. plexa and M. t. tschutschensis). Western “black-headed” form M. f. thunbergi is spread in the area of the northern taiga, forest tundra and south shrub tundra within the Ob River basin, while eastern “black-headed” form M. t. plexa is found in the shrubby tundra and further to the east from the Ob River in forest tundra and northern taiga. Western “light headed” wagtails M. f. beema & flava spread as far as 65º05'N along the floodplain of the Ob River. Eastern “light-headed” wagtail M. t. tschutschensis penetrates the Taz peninsula and, through the anthropogenic sites, the north-east coast of the Yamal Peninsula, i.e. the Sabetta area as far as 71º14'N. The entire range of the Yellow Wagtail is characterized by the interchange of zones inhabited by “black-headed” (without the expressed eyebrows on males) and “light-headed” (with notable eyebrows on males or white-headed) forms from the north to the south.
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Siddiky, MA, KU Ahammad, MS Islam, and R. Ahmed. "Response of Onion, T. Aus and T. Aman Rice to NPKS Fertilizers in the High Ganges River Floodplain Soil." Progressive Agriculture 20, no. 1-2 (November 4, 2013): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16851.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An experiment was conducted at farmers field of Kushtia sadar MLT site under AEZ 11 during three consecutive years at 2001-2004 to find out the rate of nutrients (NPKS) for Onion (Taherpuri), T. aus (IR-50) and T. aman rice (BR-11) to NPKS on the yield under AEZ11. Four different levels of NPKS were assigned in RCB design with 4 replications. Average of three years study reveals that a considerable response of Onion, T. aus and T. aman rice to NPKS was observed. However, the response to P, K and S was more distinct in comparison to N. Similarly, the response was more evident in Onion compared with T. aus and T. aman rice. Yield of Onion increased up to the application of 120, 43, 120 and 20 kg/ha of N, P, K and S, respectively. Yield of T. aus and T. aman rice increased up to the application of 70, 18, 34 and 10 kg/ha of N, P, K and S, respectively. From the regression analysis it was found that the relationship was almost quadratic in nature. The application of 115-40-118-18 kg NPKS/ha for Onion, 63-19-29-9 kg NPKS/ha for T. aus rice and 65-17-33-9 kg NPKS/ha for T. aman rice was the most economically optimum fertilizer dose in the High Ganges River Floodplain Soil under AEZ 11.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16851 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 63 72, 2009
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Thang, Le Viet, Dao Nguyen Khoi, and Ho Long Phi. "Impact of climate change on streamflow and water quality in the upper Dong Nai river basin, Vietnam." La Houille Blanche, no. 1 (February 2018): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2018010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, we investigated the impact of climate change on streamflow and water quality (TSS, T-N, and T-P loads) in the upper Dong Nai River Basin using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. The calibration and validation results indicated that the SWAT model is a reasonable tool for simulating streamflow and water quality for this basin. Based on the well-calibrated SWAT model, the responses of streamflow, sediment load, and nutrient load to climate change were simulated. Climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) were developed from five GCM simulations (CanESM2, CNRM-CM5, HadGEM2-AO, IPSL-CM5A-LR, and MPI-ESM-MR) using the delta change method. The results indicated that climate in the study area would become warmer and wetter in the future. Climate change leads to increases in streamflow, sediment load, T-N load, and T-P load. Besides that, the impacts of climate change would exacerbate serious problems related to water shortage in the dry season and soil erosion and degradation in the wet season. In addition, it is indicated that changes in sediment yield and nutrient load due to climate change are larger than the corresponding changes in streamflow.
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Guo, Hui, Feng Zhou, Yawen Zhang, and Zhen’an Yang. "Quantitative Analysis of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1997 to 2017, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 10770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710770.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Economic development is responsible for excessive sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, environmental pressure increases, and human and environmental risks. This study used spatial autocorrelation, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model to study the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of SO2 emissions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 1997 to 2017. Our results show that the total SO2 emissions in the YREB rose from 513.14 × 104 t to 974.00 × 104 t before dropping to 321.97 × 104 t. The SO2 emissions from 11 provinces first increased and then decreased, each with different turning points. For example, the emission trends changed in Yunnan in 2011 and in Anhui in 2015, while the other nine provinces saw their emission trends change during 2005–2006. Furthermore, the SO2 emissions in the YREB showed a significant agglomeration phenomenon, with a Moran index of approximately 0.233–0.987. Moreover, the EKC of SO2 emissions and per capita GDP in the YREB was N-shaped. The EKCs of eight of the 11 provinces were N-shaped (Shanghai, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, and Chongqing) and those of the other three were inverted U-shaped (Jiangsu, Yunnan, and Hubei). Thus, economic development can both promote and inhibit the emission of SO2. Finally, during the study period, the technical effect (approximately −1387.97 × 104–130.24 × 104 t) contributed the most, followed by the economic (approximately 27.81 × 104–1255.59 × 104 t), structural (approximately −56.45 × 104–343.90 × 104 t), and population effects (approximately 4.25 × 104–39.70 × 104 t). Technology was the dominant factor in SO2 emissions reduction, while economic growth played a major role in promoting SO2 emissions. Therefore, to promote SO2 emission reduction, technological innovations and advances should be the primary point of focus.
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Jacobs, Gregory R., Deke T. Gundersen, Molly A. H. Webb, Dimitry Gorsky, Kristina Kohl, and Kelsey Lockwood. "Evaluation of Organochlorine Pesticides and Sex Steroids in Lower Niagara River Lake Sturgeon." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/072013-jfwm-048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract As a long-lived, late-maturing species, lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens are vulnerable to the bioaccumulation of contaminants, which may impact reproductive physiology. The purpose of this study was to use a nondestructive method to investigate the relationship between endocrine-disrupting contaminants and sex steroids in lake sturgeon from the lower Niagara River. We screened blood plasma samples from lower Niagara River lake sturgeon (n = 63) during April and May of 2012 for concentrations of 17 organochlorine (OC) contaminants that may affect endocrine function, as well as for abnormal levels of sex steroids testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2). We found detectable levels of two OC contaminants in the blood plasma of lake sturgeon, DDE (n = 21) and γ-BHC (n = 1). In both cases, plasma contaminant concentration was well below levels known to adversely affect sturgeon reproductive physiology. In addition, qualitative analysis of chromatographs from plasma extracts did not show the presence of other peaks that matched polychlorinated biphenyl standard peaks. Comparisons of plasma steroid levels with those of others from the literature gave no indication of endocrine disruption, though plasma T levels were notably high in the lower Niagara River population. We conclude that plasma OC levels are below threshold levels found in the scientific literature that would affect lake sturgeon reproductive physiology, and that it is unlikely that significant contaminant-mediated endocrine disruption is occurring in this population.
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Wu, Sushu, Shipei Gao, Xiaodong Hu, Songgan Weng, and Liuchao Guo. "Study on the influence on water ecosystem by a lake inflow filtration system." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 379 (June 5, 2018): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-363-2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Lakes play important roles in the economic-social sustainable development. However, due to unreasonable development and urbanization in recent years, lake water pollution and ecological degradation have occurred in China. The improvement of the lake inflow water quality is very important. A filtration system includes Gravel filtering system, Aquatic plant area and Ecological bag area was established. The test river is one of the typical lake inflow river and located in the river network in the Chang Dang lake, China. Water quality, zooplankton and phytoplankton in the inflow river were observed form July to mid-August in order to analyze the general process. The average removal rate of NH3-N (ammonia nitrogen) TN (total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) is 28.33, 25.76 and 24.43 %, respectively. The Pantle-Buck method was used to evaluate the water quality and the B∕T index was used to evaluate the nutrition situation. The B∕T values were reduced by 20 % and the SI pollution index was reduced by 11.8 %. Therefore, a positive effect on the water's ecological restoration was achieved by the filtration system.
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Pongpetch, Netnapa, Pongthep Suwanwaree, Chatpet Yossapol, Songkot Dasananda, and Thongplew Kongjun. "Sediment and Nutrient Load Environmental Factors of Lam Takong River Basin, Thailand." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.594.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study evaluated environmental factors affecting on sediment and nutrient loads in Lam Takong River basin, Northeastern region of Thailand, using the results of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. The simulation from 2007-2009 showed that mean annual sediment, NO3-N and TP at the outlet were 8.134 t/ha, 0.879 kg/ha and 1.213 kg/ha, respectively. Seven factors were significantly related to soil erosion including slope, elevation, agriculture, wetland, deciduous forest, evergreen forest and orchard. In addition, two factors were significantly related to NO3-N including surface runoff and urban area. Finally, four factors were significantly related to TP including surface runoff, elevation, deciduous forest and orchard. Modification of these factors can reduce sediment and nutrient loads in this basin.
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Zelenakova, Martina, Pavol Purcz, Radu Daniel Pintilii, Peter Blistan, Petr Hlustik, Anna Oravcova, and Mohamed Abu Hashim. "Spatio-temporal Variations in Water Quality Parameter Trends in River Waters." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 10 (November 15, 2018): 2940–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.10.6659.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Evaluating trends in water quality indicators is a crucial issue in integrated water resource management in any country. In this study eight chemical and physical water quality indicators were analysed in seven river profiles in the River Laborec in eastern Slovakia. The analysed water quality parameters were biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), pH, temperature (t), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and total phosphorus (TP). Data from the monitored indicators were provided by the Ko�ice branch of the Slovakian Water Management Company, over a period of 15 years from 1999 to 2013. Mann�Kendall non-parametric statistical test was used for the trend analysis. Biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, ammonium and nitrite nitrogen content exhibit decreasing trends in the River Laborec. Decreasing agricultural activity in the area has had a significant impact on the trends in these parameters. However, NO2--N was the significant parameter of water quality because it mostly exceeds the limit value set in Slovak legislation, Regulation No. 269/2010 Coll. In addition, water temperature revealed an increasing trend which could be caused by global increase in air temperature. These results indicate that human activity significantly impacts the water quality.
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Zurbrügg, R., S. Suter, M. F. Lehmann, B. Wehrli, and D. B. Senn. "Organic carbon and nitrogen export from a tropical dam-impacted floodplain system." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 6 (June 28, 2012): 7943–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-7943-2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Tropical floodplains play an important role in organic matter transport, storage, and transformation between headwaters and oceans. However, the fluxes and quality of organic carbon (OC) and organic nitrogen (ON) in tropical river-floodplain systems are not well constrained. We explored the quantity and characteristics of dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and POM) in the Kafue River flowing through the Kafue Flats (Zambia). The Kafue Flats are a tropical dam-impacted river-floodplain system in the Zambezi River basin. During the flooding season, >80% of the Kafue River water passed through the floodplain, mobilizing large quantities of OC and ON, which resulted in a net export of 75 kg OC km−2 d−1 and 2.9 kg ON km−2 d−1, 80% of which was in the dissolved form. Mass budget estimates showed that ON export, denitrification, and burial caused an annual deficit of ~21 000 t N yr−1 in the Kafue Flats. A N isotope balance and the δ15N of DON and PON suggest that N-fixation must level out the large N losses. The elemental C:N ratio of ~20, the δ13C values of higher than −24‰, and spectroscopic properties (excitation-emission matrices) showed that DOM in the river was mainly of terrestrial origin. Despite a threefold increase in OC loads due to inputs from the floodplain, the river DOM characteristics remained relatively constant along the sampled 400-km river reach. This suggested that floodplain DOM had similar properties than DOM from the upstream reservoir. In contrast, based on its low δ13C of −29‰ and the C:N ratio of ~8, POM originated from phytoplankton production in the upstream reservoir and in the floodplain. While the reservoir had little impact on DOM properties, terrestrial POM was efficiently trapped and, instead, phytoplankton-derived POM was discharged to the downstream Kafue Flats.
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Zinkute, Rimante, Ričardas Taraškevičius, and Alfredas Radzevičius. "CHANGES OF ECOLOGICAL-GEOCHEMICAL STATE OF TOPSOIL AND RIVER SEDIMENTS IN VILNIUS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 18, 2005): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2005vol1.2156.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The changes of environmental quality were revealed according to temporal differences of additive contamination indices calculated for topsoil and sediments of N eris and V okė r ivers i n V ilnius. T opsoil contamination indices were calculated on the basis of Ag, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, V and Zn contents for 2 different periods (1985 and 1996-2002) and their comparison was realised on 237.86 sq. km territory of the first sampling. The areas, where topsoil ecological-geochemical state has worsened have been determined. Part of them with unallowable topsoil pollution level indicates the quarters, where population health risk increase is possible. Monitoring is necessary there, also health protection measures. The tendency of improvement of ecologicalgeochemical state of river sediments is observed, but potential sources of secondary pollution in sediments can be hazardous for downstream segments.
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Zurbrügg, R., S. Suter, M. F. Lehmann, B. Wehrli, and D. B. Senn. "Organic carbon and nitrogen export from a tropical dam-impacted floodplain system." Biogeosciences 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2013): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-23-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Tropical floodplains play an important role in organic matter transport, storage, and transformation between headwaters and oceans. However, the fluxes and quality of organic carbon (OC) and organic nitrogen (ON) in tropical river-floodplain systems are not well constrained. We explored the quantity and characteristics of dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and POM, respectively) in the Kafue River flowing through the Kafue Flats (Zambia), a tropical river-floodplain system in the Zambezi River basin. During the flooding season, > 80% of the Kafue River water passed through the floodplain, mobilizing large quantities of OC and ON, which resulted in a net export of 69–119 kg OC km−2 d−1 and 3.8–4.7 kg ON km−2 d−1, 80% of which was in the dissolved form. The elemental C : N ratio of ~ 20, the comparatively high δ13C values of −25‰ to −21‰, and its spectroscopic properties (excitation-emission matrices) showed that DOM in the river was mainly of terrestrial origin. Despite a threefold increase in OC loads due to inputs from the floodplain, the characteristics of the riverine DOM remained relatively constant along the sampled 410-km river reach. This suggests that floodplain DOM displayed properties similar to those of DOM leaving the upstream reservoir and implied that the DOM produced in the reservoir was relatively short-lived. In contrast, the particulate fraction was 13C-depleted (−29‰) and had a C : N ratio of ~ 8, which indicated that POM originated from phytoplankton production in the reservoir and in the floodplain, rather than from plant debris or resuspended sediments. While the upstream dam had little effect on the DOM pool, terrestrial particles were retained, and POM from algal and microbial sources was released to the river. A nitrogen mass balance over the 2200 km2 flooded area revealed an annual deficit of 15 500–22 100 t N in the Kafue Flats. The N isotope budget suggests that these N losses are balanced by intense N-fixation. Our study shows that the Kafue Flats are a significant local source of OC and ON to downstream ecosystems and illustrates how the composition of riverine OM can be altered by dams and floodplains in tropical catchments.
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Cosenza, Gianfranco, Nicolò P. P. Macciotta, Anna Nudda, Angelo Coletta, Luigi Ramunno, and Alfredo Pauciullo. "A novel polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor encoding gene (OXTR) affects milk fatty acid composition in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo." Journal of Dairy Research 84, no. 2 (May 2017): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029917000127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The oxytocin receptor, also known as OXTR, is a protein which functions as receptor for the hormone and neurotransmitter oxytocin and the complex oxytocin–oxytocin receptor plays an important role in the uterus during calving. A characterisation of the river buffalo OXTR gene, amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis is presented. The DNA regions of the OXTR gene spanning exons 1, 2 and 3 of ten Mediterranean river buffalo DNA samples were analysed and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms were found. We focused on the g.129C > T SNP detected in exon 3 and responsible for the amino acid replacement CGCArg > TGCCys in position 353. The relative frequency of T allele was of 0·257. An association study between this detected polymorphism and milk fatty acids composition in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo was carried out. The fatty acid composition traits, fatty acid classes and fat percentage of 306 individual milk samples were determined. Associations between OXTR g.129C > T genotype and milk fatty acids composition were tested using a mixed linear model. The OXTR CC genotype was found significantly associated with higher contents of odd branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) (P < 0·0006), polyunsaturated FA (PUFA n 3 and n 6) (P < 0·0032 and P < 0·0006, respectively), stearic acid (C18) (P < 0·02) and lower level of palmitic acid (C16) (P < 0·02). The results of this study suggest that the OXTR CC animals might be useful in selection toward the improvement of milk fatty acid composition.
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Khan, MA, MA Islam, ASMF Bari, and S. Akter. "Effect of Fertilizer and Manure on the Movement of NPKS in Rice Soils of Madhupur Tract and Meghna River Floodplain." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 20, no. 2 (June 21, 2018): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v20i2.37097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The experiment was conducted in a net house of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,(23°35'N latitude and 90°35'E longitude) Dhaka, Bangladesh during November - May to study the effect of fertilizer and manure on the yield of boro rice and movement of nutrients through undisturbed soil columns. The experiment consists of 2 factors, i.e. soils and fertilizer plus manure. Two soils (S1= SAU Soil and S2= Sonargaon Soil) with 4 levels of fertilizer plus manure, as T0: Control, T1: 100% N120P20K45S20 (Recommended dose), T2: 50% NPKS + 5 t ha−1 cowdung, T3: 50% NPKS + 2.1 t ha−1 poultry manure were imposed during boro (winter) season. Boro rice (BRRI dhan29) was grown in the soil cores, and fertilizer and manure treatments were applied to the soils. Higher and statistically similar grain yields of boro rice were found from T1, T2, and T3 fertilizer treatments. The highest grain yield was found where 50% NPKS + 5 t ha-1 cowdung were used in the Sonargaon soil. Higher grain N, P and K concentrations were obtained in the treatment combination where fertilizer plus manure were applied in two soils. Higher leachate N, P and K concentrations were found in 100% chemical fertilizer treatment. The N leaching increased up to 45 DAT and then declined while the P and K leaching increased up to 35 DAT and then decreased. Higher pH values were found in the 10-20cm depth of post-harvest soils in comparison to 0-10 cm. The higher pH values were found in soils where 50% NPKS + 2.1 t ha−1 poultry manure applied. The level of P more increased in the depths of 0-10 cm of SAU soil where fertilizer or fertilizer plus manure were applied and the P concentrations more increased in the depth of 10-20 cm where fertilizer plus manure were applied in SAU soil. The level of S more increased in the depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm of S2T2 and S2T3 treatment combination where fertilizer plus manure applied in Sonargaon soil. Similar levels of N and K concentrations were observed in the initial and post-harvest soils.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(2): 123-133
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Viitasaari, Matti, and Aleksej Zinovjev. "Taxonus zhelochovtsevi sp. n. and Apethymus parallelus (Eversmann, 1847) from the Soviet Far East (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)¹." Entomologica Fennica 2, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.83546.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<i>Taxonus zhelochovtsevi</i> sp. n. is described from the Far East of the Soviet Union. The male, the larva and the host plant are unknown. The new species resembles T. fulvicornis Matsumura, 1912, but is distinguished from it by several characters. Apethymus parallelus (Eversmann, 1 847) is reported from Ural Mts. and Upper Kolyma river.
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Miller, J. J., T. W. Curtis, E. Bremer, D. S. Chanasyk, and W. D. Willms. "Evaluation of selected soil properties for indicating cattle activity at off-stream watering and river access sites in southern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 93, no. 3 (August 2013): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2012-074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Miller, J. J., Curtis, T. W., Bremer, E., Chanasyk, D. S. and Willms, W. D. 2013. Evaluation of selected soil properties for indicating cattle activity at off-stream watering and river access sites in southern Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 343–358. Off-stream watering troughs may reduce surface water pollution by shifting nutrient distribution from natural watering sites along the river to around artificial water troughs some distance from the river. The objective of our study was to evaluate the suitability of nine soil properties for assessing the impacts of cattle activity adjacent to eight watering sites. Nine surface (0–5 cm) soil properties were evaluated along four 100-m transects at the five off-stream water troughs and three river access sites along the Lower Little Bow River in southern Alberta over 4 yr (2007–2010). The properties included P (total P, soil test P or STP), N (total N, NO3-N, NH4-N), total C, total C:total N ratio (TC:TN), chloride (Cl), and soil bulk density. Soil test P was significantly (P≤0.05) enriched at 65% of site-year comparisons, followed by total C (63%), NO3-N (55%), total P and TC:TN (50%). This suggested that these soil properties were relatively good indicators of cattle activity at the majority (>50%) of watering sites. Chloride was a valid indicator only in non-saline areas (100% of four non-saline sites). Total C and TC:TN ratios were not valid indicators in the calcareous soils at all sites because of possible confounding influence of inorganic C. Overall, we recommend Cl as an indicator of cattle activity at watering sites not affected by soil salinity and high natural Cl levels, and STP as the best overall indicator of cattle activity at off-stream watering sites and river access sites. Certain soil properties were also influenced by distance from watering site, stocking rate, precipitation, and age of water trough.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Pollution Bio- indicators In Al-Diwania River A1- (^a?lisia Province / Iraq." Baghdad Science Journal 1, no. 1 (March 7, 2004): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.1.1.23-31.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Benthic invertebrates were used as bio- indicators to evaluate the pollution in -Diwania River . Five stations were selected for this purpose , extending from A1 -?? rtream to A1- Sadeer District downstream . The percentage of?ct uP?str?^ ? ?, oligochaeta to total benthic invertebrates were calculated . The population density of evaluation. 'I'he results Were ??? Tubificid worms without hair ehaetae was ©iso used IOBS(01igochaete Index of Sediment Bioindicati©n ), TUSP ? presented as indices Io (Tubificidae Species Percentage ) & degree of pollution Eo . IT was noticed that the 0 in??37.17 percentage of ©lig©chaeta to the total benthic invertebrates ranged between to 60.685 in station 3 , while the percentage ©f Tubificid w©rms t© ©ther ? stati©n oligochaeta ranged from 32% in station 2 to 74.17% in station 3.Io values ranged between 21.3 in station 3 to 22.3 in station I , while lobs index showed a higher value 7.62 in station 3 and lawer value 2.43 in station 3 .the higher value of TUSP index was 32,5 in stati©n 5 and the lawer valus was 15.9 in station 1 . Pollution degree F 1 ( percentage ©f Tubificidae without hair M/gg& ? was rec©rded in stati©n 5-96 respectively ) and degree E in station 3,4&5 (percentage of Tubificidae & ?4-? without hair ehaetae was 15.95 , 15.95 & 16.16 respectively ). According to these results, stati©n 1 & 2 may be regarded as free fr©m p©lluti©n , while the other stations . were considered as slightly p©lluted
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Allegro, Gianni, and Pier Mauro Giachino. "Notes on carabid beetles from the Oriental and Neotropical regions. First record of Trechodes laophilus Deuve, 2002 from Thailand (Coleoptera Carabidae Trechinae) and a synonymic note on the genus Trirammatus (Coleoptera Carabidae Pterostichinae)." Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 152, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/bollettinosei.2020.133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Trechodes laophilus Deuve, 2002 is firstly recorded from Thailand (Chiang Mai province, Mae lai river). This species is probably closely related to T. leclerci Deuve, 1987 and T. satoi Uéno, 1991, both from Thailand too. An identification key including the morphology of the aedeagus, to all Trechodes species recorded from the Oriental region, as well as a distribution map of the species known so far from Thailand, are provided.Moreover, the following new synonymy is proposed: Blennidus magellanicus Allegro & Giachino, 2017 = Trirammatus unistriatus nocticolor Straneo, 1955 syn. n.
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Moon, B. H., G. T. Seo, D. J. Jang, and S. S. Kim. "Size and fractal dimension of particles in the River Nakdong." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2007): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water samples were collected at seven sites located along the River Nakdong on 30 occasions. Water quality, size and the fractal dimension (dF) of suspended particles were measured. The laser light scattering method was used to obtain the size and dF of suspended particles. The average size of particles in this river ranged from 89 μm and 169 μm, which appears to be relatively coarse compared with other rivers worldwide. The average dF of suspended particles in this study ranged from 1.8 to 1.9. Slight variations in fractal dimension values and other particle characteristics results from various measuring methods available. The correlation analysis showed that DO, TN, NO3 and chlorophyll-a had significant positive relationships with particles size, whereas flow rates and temperature had negative relationships. However, the factors which had positive relationships with particles size showed negative relationships with the dF of suspended particles. Generally, as the size of particles increased, the fractal dimension of particles decreased which indicated that the shape of the larger particles became more irregular relative to that of the smaller ones. To obtain and apply the statistical functional relationship between water quality characteristics, multiple linear regression equations of the size and fractal dimension of particles on explanatory variables such as pH, BOD, TSS, DO, T-N and T-P have been established.
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Nyanti, Lee, Nur Ezaimah Idris, Hafida Bolhen, Jongkar Grinang, Teck Yee Ling, Siong-Fong Sim, Chen-Lin Soo, Tonny Ganyai, and Karen Lee Suan Ping. "Fish Assemblages, Growth Pattern and Environmental Factors in Upper Baleh River, Kapit, Sarawak." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.1581.2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A survey of the freshwater fish composition in the upper Baleh River, Sarawak was conducted in 2015. A total of 1,538 specimens, comprising 45 species from nine families were collected using electrofishing devices and cast nets. The family Cyprinidae was the most dominant (62.9%) as well as diverse (42.2%) family, followed by the Balitoridae (31.0%; 31.1%) in the river. The three most dominant species were Tor tambra (18.1%), Lobocheilos ovalis (12.9%), and Parhomaloptera microstoma (11.3%). Shannon’s diversity index, Margalef’s richness index, and Pielou’s evenness index were 2.9, 6.0, and 0.8, respectively, an indication of moderate species diversity. Canonical Correspondence Analysis demonstrate that elevation, stream order and sedimentation were the most significant factors related to fish assemblages in the river, particularly for members of the families Cyprinidae and Balitoridae. The coefficient ‘n’ value in length-weight relationship for T. tambra, L. ovalis, and P. microstoma were determined as 2.92, 2.72, and 3.15, respectively. T. tambra and L. ovalis exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern which could be due to food competition whereas P. microstoma exhibited a positive allometric growth pattern as mountainous forest stream habitat offers favourable environmental conditions. The Fulton’s condition factor of each species indicates that T. tambra and L. ovalis were in poor condition, whereas P. microstoma was in extremely poor condition. It is hypothesized that environmental degradation caused by logging activities have affected the health of the most dominant fish species in the upper Baleh River. Further study should be conducted to determine the underlying factors that are affecting the fish diversity.
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Duong, Thi Thuy, Thi Phuong Quynh Le, Tu Cuong Ho, Thi Nguyet Vu, Thi Thu Hang Hoang, Dinh Kim Dang, and Xixi Lu. "Phytoplankton community structure and water quality of Red River, Vietnam." Journal of Vietnamese Environment 6, no. 1 (November 5, 2014): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol6.no1.pp27-33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed to describe the distribution and relative abundance of the phytoplankton obtained during the two seasons (rainy and dry seasons) from the Red river system. The water and phytoplankton samples were monthly collected during the year 2012 at four sampling stations along the Red River (Yen Bai, Vu Quang Hoa Binh, and Ha Noi) . Environmental variables (e.g. temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, suspended solids, conductivity, TDS, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, Total Phosphorus; and DOC) and phytoplankton (e.g. cell density and relative abundant species) were analyzed. Six phytoplankton classes were identified with the Bacillariophyceae dominating in the phytoplankton community. A distinct seasonal variation in phytoplankton structure was observed with high cells density in dry season and low values in rainy season. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) showed that suspended solid factor that governed the temporal and spatial distribution of phytoplankton structure in the Red River system.
Nghiên cứu này trình bày sự phân bố và độ phong phú tương đối của quần xã thực vật nổi vào mùa mưa và mùa khô trong hệ thống sông Hồng. Các mẫu nước và thực vật nổi được thu hàng tháng trong năm 2012 tại 4 điểm trên sông Hồng (Yên Bái, Vụ Quang, Hòa Bình và Hà Nội). Các thông số môi trường (nhiệt độ, lượng oxy hòa tan, pH, chất rắn lơ lửng, độ dẫn, TDS, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, T-P và DOC) và thực vật phù du (mật độ tế bào, độ phong phú tương đối) đã được phân tích. Sáu lớph tảo được được xác định với tảo silíc chiếm ưu thế trong quần xã thực vật phù du. Sinh khối thực vật đạt giá trị cao vào mùa khô trong khi thấp vào mùa mưa. Phân tích hợp phần chính cho thấy yếu tố chất rắn lơ lửng đóng vai trò quan trọng việc xác định biến động thời gian và không gian cấu trúc quần xã thực vật nổi trong hệ thống sông Hồng.
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Ji, Hongbing, Cai Li, Huaijian Ding, and Yang Gao. "Source and flux of POC in a karstic area in the Changjiang River watershed: impacts of reservoirs and extreme drought." Biogeosciences 13, no. 12 (June 23, 2016): 3687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3687-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Isotopes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) along with C / N ratios of particulate organic carbon (POC) were used to identify source and transformation of organic carbon in the suspended and surface sediments in a typical karstic watershed (the Wujiang River, an important tributary of the Changjiang River). Isotope data for suspended sediments indicate that POC was mainly derived from phytoplankton and C3-dominated soil with an increased contribution of phytoplankton in sites directly affected by the reservoir. In contrast, the POC in surface sediments was mainly derived from C3- and C4-dominated soil with little reservoir influence. The positive correlations of carbon and nitrogen isotopes between suspended and surface sediments indicated that these two carbon pools are tightly coupled. Our conservative estimation suggests that 1.17 × 1010 g of POC is transported to the Three Gorges Reservoir during the study period in 2013. POC yield in the Wujiang River (0.13 t km−2 yr−1) is much lower than those of large rivers with a high abundance of carbonate minerals. Based on the distribution pattern of POC yield, it is inferred that carbonate minerals (lithology) do not contribute significantly to the riverine POC. The cascade of reservoirs and extreme drought had a significant influence on the POC flux in the Wujiang River.
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Bargrizan, Sima, Tapas K. Biswas, Klaus D. Joehnk, and Luke M. Mosley. "Sustained high CO." Marine and Freshwater Research 73, no. 4 (February 8, 2022): 540–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf21154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many of the world’s rivers have been found to be sources of CO2 to the atmosphere, however, there has been limited assessment in arid regions. This analysis of a long-term (1979–2013) dataset (n = 3496) along Australia’s largest river system (River Murray) showed that there were sustained high pCO2 (carbon dioxide partial pressure) levels, ranging from 1210 ± 107 to 3066 ± 579 µatm along the main river channel, and 5114 ± 1221 µatm on the major tributaries. As a consequence, the River Murray is a significant source of CO2 to the atmosphere, with an estimated average annual (±s.d.) flux of 218 ± 98 g C m−2 year−1 and total emissions of 355 000 ± 29 000 t CO2 year−1 over a total river area of 386 km2 from below Lake Hume to Tailem Bend, although there is some uncertainty with gas transfer coefficients. Supersaturation with CO2 relative to the atmosphere was maintained even under drought conditions with minimal external carbon inputs, suggesting internal carbon cycling and respiration is important in driving net CO2 production. Supersaturation of the river water relative to calcium carbonate minerals was also observed under low flow conditions. Hydro-climatic changes could be having significant impacts on the CO2 system in the River Murray and other arid river systems.