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Статті в журналах з теми "Maximal consumption of oxygen"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Yavuz, Selma Civar. "Investigation of maximal oxygen consumption capacity and body composition in children." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 28, 2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v2i11.1901.

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2

Dejours, Pierre. "Comparative aspects of maximal oxygen consumption." Respiration Physiology 80, no. 2-3 (May 1990): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(90)90079-e.

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3

Tapking, Christian, Daniel Popp, David N. Herndon, Ludwik K. Branski, Ronald P. Mlcak, and Oscar E. Suman. "Estimated versus achieved maximal oxygen consumption in severely burned children maximal oxygen consumption in burned children." Burns 44, no. 8 (December 2018): 2026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.06.004.

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4

Katzmarzyk, PT, WR Leonard, MH Crawford, and RI Sukernik. "Predicted maximal oxygen consumption of indigenous Siberians." American Journal of Human Biology 6, no. 6 (1994): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310060612.

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5

Ferretti, G. "On maximal oxygen consumption in hypoxic humans." Experientia 46, no. 11-12 (December 1990): 1188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01936934.

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6

di Prampero, Pietro Enrico, and Guido Ferretti. "Factors limiting maximal oxygen consumption in humans." Respiration Physiology 80, no. 2-3 (May 1990): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(90)90075-a.

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7

Sheridan, Sinead, Andrew McCarren, Cleona Gray, Ronan P. Murphy, Michael Harrison, Stephen H. S. Wong, and Niall M. Moyna. "Maximal oxygen consumption and oxygen uptake efficiency in adolescent males." Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness 19, no. 2 (April 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2020.11.001.

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8

Cramer, Steven P., Yaunlong Liu, Timothy Michael, and Carol Weideman. "Effects Of Beta-blockers On Maximal Oxygen Consumption." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-01009.

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9

Cramer, Steven P., Yaunlong Liu, Timothy Michael, and Carol Weideman. "Effects Of Beta-blockers On Maximal Oxygen Consumption." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200405001-01009.

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10

MCCOLE, STEVE D., ALLISON M. DAVIS, and PATRICK T. FUEGER. "Is there a disassociation of maximal oxygen consumption and maximal cardiac output?" Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33, no. 8 (August 2001): 1265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200108000-00004.

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11

Swain, D. P., and K. S. Sammons. "384 RELATIONSHIP OF % MAXIMAL HEART RATE AND % MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN WOMEN." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 22, no. 2 (April 1990): S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199004000-00384.

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12

McNamara, M., D. Thill, J. P. Porcari, L. Terry, and D. O??Brien. "452 VALIDATION OF A MAXIMAL CYCLING TEST TO PREDICT MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 25, Supplement (May 1993): S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199305001-00454.

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13

Montero, David, and Candela Díaz-Cañestro. "Endurance training and maximal oxygen consumption with ageing: Role of maximal cardiac output and oxygen extraction." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 23, no. 7 (November 9, 2015): 733–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487315617118.

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14

Zafeiridis, Andreas, Stylianos Rizos, Haralampos Sarivasiliou, Anastassios Kazias, Konstantina Dipla, and Ioannis S. Vrabas. "The extent of aerobic system activation during continuous and interval exercise protocols in young adolescents and men." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 1 (January 2011): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h10-096.

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Анотація:

This study assessed the extent of aerobic system activation in young adolescents and men during heavy continuous (HC), short-interval (SI), and long-interval (LI) aerobic exercise protocols, and compared this response between the 2 age groups in the 3 protocols. Ten young adolescents (aged 13.2 ± 0.3 years) and 10 men (aged 21.0 ± 1.6 years) completed a maximal incremental test, an HC exercise protocol (83% of maximal aerobic velocity; MAV), an SI exercise protocol (30 s at 110% MAV with 30 s at 50%), and an LI exercise protocol (3 min at 95% MAV with 3 min at 35%). Oxygen consumption and heart rate were measured continuously, and blood samples were obtained for lactate determination. Men completed more runs and distance in the SI protocol (p < 0.05) than adolescents; however, there were no age differences in the number of LI runs and in the duration of HC protocol. In both age groups, more time was spent above 90% and 95% of maximal oxygen consumption (p < 0.05), and a higher percentage of maximal oxygen consumption was reached in the LI compared with the HC and SI protocols, with no differences between the HC and SI protocols. Although within each protocol the percentage of maximal oxygen consumption achieved and time spent above 90% and 95% of maximal oxygen consumption was not different between age groups, the time spent at 80% maximal oxygen consumption was longer for adolescents than men in the HC protocol, and longer for men than boys in the SI protocol (p < 0.05). In conclusion, all protocols elicited high levels of aerobic activation in both age groups. The LI protocol taxed the aerobic system at 90%–100% of maximal oxygen consumption for a longer time when compared with the HC and SI protocols in young adolescents and in men. However, differences were observed between groups in taxing the aerobic system at 80% maximal oxygen consumption: in young adolescents, the HC protocol allowed longer running time than the LI and SI protocols, while in men there were no differences among protocols.

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15

Hayes, J. P., and M. A. Chappell. "Individual Consistency of Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Deer Mice." Functional Ecology 4, no. 4 (1990): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389317.

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16

El Hage, Rawad, Gautier Zunquin, Eddy Zakhem, Denis Theunynck, and Dominique Bouglé. "Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Bone Mass in French Boys." Journal of Clinical Densitometry 18, no. 4 (October 2015): 560–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2013.11.004.

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17

ZUNQUIN, Gautier, Rawad El Hage, Eddy Zakhem, Denis THEUNYNCK, and Dominique BOUGLE. "Maximal Oxygen Consumption And Bone Mineral Density In Children." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46 (May 2014): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000493293.91910.f3.

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18

Prior, Steven, Dana A. Phares, James M. Hagberg, and Stephen M. Roth. "Maximal Oxygen Consumption is Associated with VEGF Sequence Variation." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-00470.

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19

Lotgering, F. K., P. C. Struijk, M. B. van Doorn, and H. C. Wallenburg. "Errors in predicting maximal oxygen consumption in pregnant women." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.2.562.

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Анотація:

This study was designed to determine the accuracy of estimated values of maximal heart rate (HRmax) and oxygen consumption (VO2) during pregnancy. We measured HR and maximal VO2 (VO2max) at rest and during cycle (CE) and treadmill exercise (TE) tests with rapidly increasing exercise intensities during gestation and after delivery. Pregnancy was found to affect the linear relationship of HR and %VO2max so that the intercept increases with advancing gestation and the slope decreases. Estimated maximal HR (HRmax, est), 220 - age (yr) x beats/min, overestimated measured HRmax by 8% (CE) and 5% (TE). For VO2max estimated by Astrand's nomogram (VO2max, est1) and by linear extrapolation of submaximal values of HR and VO2 to HRmax, est (VO2max, est2), individual errors were large (SD 17–28%). Mean VO2max, est1 overestimated measured VO2max by 20% during CE but not during TE (-2%) and elicited the erroneous impression that VO2max decreases during CE in pregnancy. Mean VO2max, est2 values were not significantly different from measured VO2max values. This apparent accuracy resulted from two opposing errors: 1) HRmax, est overestimated HRmax, and 2) above 70% VO2max the slope of the HR-%VO2max relationship was significantly reduced. Therefore neither method to estimate VO2max can replace the measurement of VO2max.

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20

Jones, M. T., R. E. Rawson, and D. Robertshaw. "Determination of maximal oxygen consumption in exercising pregnant sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.1.234.

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Previous work with pregnant ewes has shown that acute bouts of exercise may cause changes in plasma hormone concentrations, blood flow distribution, and maternal and fetal temperatures. However, most of these studies do not quantify the chosen exercise intensity through measurement of oxygen consumption (VO2). Therefore the purpose of this study was to statistically model the VO2 response of pregnant sheep to treadmill (TM) exercise to determine the exercise intensities (% maximal VO2) of previous studies. Ewes with either single (n = 9) or twin (n = 5) fetuses were studied from 100 to 130 days of gestation. After 1–2 wk of TM habituation, maximal VO2 (VO2max) was determined by measurements of VO2 (open flow-through method) and blood lactate concentration. VO2 was measured as a function of TM incline (0, 3, 5, and 7 degree) and speed (0.8–3.4 m/s). VO2max averaged 57 +/- 7 (SD) ml.min-1.kg-1, and peak lactate concentration during exercise averaged 22 +/- 2 mmol/l. The relationship between VO2 (ml.min-1.kg-1) and incline (INC) and speed (SP) [VO2 = 0.70(INC) + 13.95(SP) + 1.07(INC x SP) - 1.18] was linear (r2 = 0.94). Our findings suggest that most previous research used exercise intensities less than 60% VO2max and indicate the need for further research that examines the effect of exercise during pregnancy at levels greater than 60% VO2max.

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21

Elliott, W., H. Granat-Steffan, W. C. Miller, and B. Fernhall. "PREDICTING MAXIMAL AND SUBMAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN OBESE WOMEN281." Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise 29, Supplement (May 1997): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705001-00281.

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22

Durham, Christine, Niall M. Moyna, and Carena S. Winters. "Maximal Oxygen Consumption Values In Female Ice Hockey Players." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000355506.62302.64.

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23

Dlugosz, E. M., M. A. Chappell, T. H. Meek, P. A. Szafranska, K. Zub, M. Konarzewski, J. H. Jones, et al. "Phylogenetic analysis of mammalian maximal oxygen consumption during exercise." Journal of Experimental Biology 216, no. 24 (September 12, 2013): 4712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.088914.

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24

SINGH, TAJINDER P., MARK E. ALEXANDER, KIMBERLEE GAUVREAU, TRACY CURRAN, YAEL RHODES, and JONATHAN RHODES. "Recovery of Oxygen Consumption after Maximal Exercise in Children." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 43, no. 4 (April 2011): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181f683b8.

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25

Prior, Steven, Dana A. Phares, James M. Hagberg, and Stephen M. Roth. "Maximal Oxygen Consumption is Associated with VEGF Sequence Variation." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200405001-00470.

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26

Montoliu, M. A., V. Gonzalez, B. Rodriguez, and L. Palenciano. "A comparison between laddermill and treadmill maximal oxygen consumption." European Journal of Applied Physiology 76, no. 6 (October 1, 1997): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050290.

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27

Ferretti, Guido. "Maximal oxygen consumption in healthy humans: theories and facts." European Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 10 (July 2, 2014): 2007–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2911-0.

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28

Larsen, Filip J., Eddie Weitzberg, Jon O. Lundberg, and Björn Ekblom. "Dietary nitrate reduces maximal oxygen consumption while maintaining work performance in maximal exercise." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 48, no. 2 (January 15, 2010): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.11.006.

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29

Haidet, G. C. "Dynamic exercise in senescent beagles: oxygen consumption and hemodynamic responses." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 257, no. 5 (November 1, 1989): H1428—H1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.257.5.h1428.

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Seven senescent beagles and seven younger mature beagles were studied at rest, as well as during maximal and submaximal exercise on a motor-driven treadmill. Maximal exercise capacity was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced, and maximal total body O2 consumption (VO2 max) was 31% lower in senescent beagles. VO2 was also significantly reduced in old dogs, when directly compared at the same relative workloads in old and younger mature dogs. However, VO2 was very similar in both groups during each of the absolute levels of directly comparable exercise. The observed age-related reduction in VO2 max was associated with a significant 25% reduction in maximal cardiac output (CO) in senescent beagles, and with an 11% reduction in maximal arteriovenous O2 difference. CO was also significantly reduced in old dogs at the same relative levels of submaximal exercise evaluated. Combined effects of reductions in stroke volume and in heart rate both contributed to the observed reductions in CO observed in senescent dogs during maximal exercise, as well as during relative levels of submaximal exercise. However, CO responses at each absolute level of submaximal exercise were similar in senescent and younger mature beagles, and the relationship between CO and VO2 was also similar in both groups. Increases in stroke volume significantly contributed to observed increases in CO beginning at the same relative level of exercise in both old and young dogs. Results of this study demonstrate that significant age-related changes in VO2max and in other associated hemodynamic parameters occur during maximal exercise. Many of these changes are also apparent when relative levels of submaximal exercise are directly compared in senescent and in younger mature beagles. However, most hemodynamic responses during absolute levels of exercise are similar in both groups, unless these parameters reflect the relative workload performed, indicating that these responses are appropriate for each absolute level of work that can be performed in the senescent dogs.

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30

Waibler, M., A. Wilcox, and C. Quinn. "THE EFFECT OF CARBONATED BEVERAGES ON ARTERIAL OXYGEN CONTENT AND MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, Supplement (May 1992): S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199205001-00295.

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31

Musch, T. I., G. C. Haidet, G. A. Ordway, J. C. Longhurst, and J. H. Mitchell. "Dynamic exercise training in foxhounds. I. Oxygen consumption and hemodynamic responses." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.1.183.

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Ten foxhounds were studied during maximal and submaximal exercise on a motor-driven treadmill before and after 8–12 wk of training. Training consisted of working at 80% of maximal heart rate 1 h/day, 5 days/wk. Maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) increased 28% from 113.7 +/- 5.5 to 146.1 +/- 5.4 ml O2 X min-1 X kg-1, pre- to posttraining. This increase in VO2max was due primarily to a 27% increase in maximal cardiac output, since maximal arteriovenous O2 difference increased only 4% above pretraining values. Mean arterial pressure during maximal exercise did not change from pre- to posttraining, with the result that calculated systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased 20%. There were no training-induced changes in O2 consumption, cardiac output, arteriovenous O2 difference, mean arterial pressure, or SVR at any level of submaximal exercise. However, if post- and pretraining values are compared, heart rate was lower and stroke volume was greater at any level of submaximal exercise. Venous lactate concentrations during a given level of submaximal exercise were significantly lower during posttraining compared with pretraining, but venous lactate concentrations during maximal exercise did not change as a result of exercise training. These results indicate that a program of endurance training will produce a significant increase in VO2max in the foxhound. This increase in VO2max is similar to that reported previously for humans and rats but is derived primarily from central (stroke volume) changes rather than a combination of central and peripheral (O2 extraction) changes.

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32

Kaminsky, D. A., A. Knyazhitskiy, A. Sadeghi, and C. G. Irvin. "Assessing Maximal Exercise Capacity: Peak Work or Peak Oxygen Consumption?" Respiratory Care 59, no. 1 (June 18, 2013): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.02253.

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33

Hawkins, Steven A., and Robert A. Wiswell. "Rate and Mechanism of Maximal Oxygen Consumption Decline with Aging." Sports Medicine 33, no. 12 (2003): 877–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333120-00002.

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34

WYATT, FRANK B. "Comparison of Lactate and Ventilatory Threshold to Maximal Oxygen Consumption." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 13, no. 1 (February 1999): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00124278-199902000-00012.

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35

Soukup, Jeffrey T., Timothy S. Maynard, Michael J. Webster, Edward P. Freeman, Janelle M. Hauser, Susan T. Mallory, and Melissa R. Crane. "Maximal Oxygen Consumption In Professional Firefighters Across Position And Gender." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200505001-00469.

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36

Soukup, Jeffrey T., Timothy S. Maynard, Michael J. Webster, Edward P. Freeman, Janelle M. Hauser, Susan T. Mallory, and Melissa R. Crane. "Maximal Oxygen Consumption In Professional Firefighters Across Position And Gender." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200505001-00469.

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37

Sung, J., Y. Choe, YH Choi, MK Lee, and KP Hong. "Advanced coronary atherosclerosis is associated with lower maximal oxygen consumption." European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 13, Supplement 1 (May 2006): S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00149831-200605001-00214.

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38

Michaud, T. J., D. K. Brennan, R. P. Wilder, and N. W. Sherman. "AQUARUN TRAINING AND CHANGES IN TREADMILL RUNNING MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, Supplement (May 1992): S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199205001-00136.

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39

McConnell, Timothy R., and Bernard A. Clark. "Prediction of Maximal Oxygen Consumption During Handrail-Supported Treadmill Exercise." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 7, no. 7 (July 1987): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-198707000-00002.

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40

Spurr, G. B., J. C. Reina, J. V. Narvaez, and D. L. Dufour. "Maximal oxygen consumption of Colombian women of differing socioeconomic status." American Journal of Human Biology 4, no. 5 (1992): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310040509.

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41

Garland, T., and A. F. Bennett. "Quantitative genetics of maximal oxygen consumption in a garter snake." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 259, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): R986—R992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.5.r986.

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Анотація:

Broad-sense heritabilities and genetic correlations of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), blood hemoglobin levels, and ventricle mass were estimated in a natural population of snakes. Traits were measured for six or fewer presumed full-sibling offspring from each of 45 wild-caught gravid garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis). VO2max was highly reproducible between replicate trial days (r = 0.88). In an attempt to reduce maternal effects, correlations of each character with body mass, snout-vent length, age at testing, litter size, dam mass, and dam snout-vent length were removed by computing residuals from multiple-regression equations. These residuals were used in subsequent genetic analyses. Approximate coefficients of variation of residuals were 16% for VO2max, 19% for hemoglobin level, and 13% for ventricle mass. Broad-sense heritabilities were highly significant for all characters [P less than 0.0001; VO2max heritability (h2) = 0.88; hemoglobin level h2 = 0.63; ventricle mass h2 = 0.41], suggesting that they could respond genetically to selection. Phenotypic correlations (rP) among residual characters were significant only between VO2max and ventricle mass (rP = +0.27). VO2max and ventricle mass exhibited a significant (broad-sense) genetic correlation of +0.64; this might facilitate the correlated evolution of these two traits in response to natural or artificial selection. Ventricle mass and hemoglobin level showed a significant environmental correlation of +0.43. Treadmill endurance crawling time (Evolution 42: 335-350, 1988) showed a weak but significantly positive rP with VO2max (rP = +0.17).

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42

Lee, Jungmin, David R. Bassett, Dixie L. Thompson, and Eugene C. Fitzhugh. "Validation Of The Cosmed Fitmate For Predicting Maximal Oxygen Consumption." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000355350.31976.68.

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43

Misquita, Noella A., Dawn C. Davis, C. Lynne Dobrovolny, Alice S. Ryan, Karen E. Dennis, and Barbara J. Nicklas. "Applicability of Maximal Oxygen Consumption Criteria in Obese, Postmenopausal Women." Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine 10, no. 9 (November 2001): 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/152460901753285787.

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44

Billinger, Sandra A., Janice Loudon, and Byron Gajewski. "Use Of a Recumbent Stepper To Predict Maximal Oxygen Consumption." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): S363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-02416.

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45

Allison, T. G., R. W. Squires, B. D. Johnson, and G. T. Gau. "PREDICTIVE VALUE OF MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN CARDIAC REHABILITATION PATIENTS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, Supplement (May 1999): S129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-00514.

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46

Stachenfeld, Nina S., Mark Eskenazi, Gilbert W. Gleim, Neil L. Coplan, and James A. Nicholas. "Predictive accuracy of criteria used to assess maximal oxygen consumption." American Heart Journal 123, no. 4 (April 1992): 922–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(92)90697-t.

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47

Stanzione, Joseph R., Michael Bruneau, and Stella L. Volpe. "Sport Specific Substrate Utilization During a Maximal Oxygen Consumption Test." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 51, Supplement (June 2019): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000562793.48448.d9.

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48

Rowley, Taylor, Chris Cho, Ann Swartz, and Scott Strath. "A Comparison Of Step Tests To Predict Maximal Oxygen Consumption." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S (July 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000670448.87742.e6.

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49

Bell, Gordon J., Gary D. Snydmiller, Diane S. Davies, and H. Art Quinney. "Relationship Between Aerobic Fitness and Metabolic Recovery From Intermittent Exercise in Endurance Athletes." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 22, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h97-008.

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Анотація:

This investigation examined the relationship between several different aerobic fitness test results and measurements of metabolic recovery from intermittent, high-intensity exercise in 16 male cyclists. No significant correlations were found between maximal oxygen consumption, ventilation threshold, various submaximal endurance measures and the rate of metabolic recovery, net excess postexercise oxygen consumption, or blood lactate removal after intermittent high-intensity exercise except for submaximal heart rate (r = .66, p < .05). These data indicate that aerobic fitness assessments do not indicate the ability to recover after intermittent, high-intensity exercise in endurance-trained cyclists. Key words: maximal oxygen consumption, recovery oxygen consumption, ventilation threshold, lactate, heart rate

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50

McGuire, B. J., and T. W. Secomb. "Estimation of capillary density in human skeletal muscle based on maximal oxygen consumption rates." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 285, no. 6 (December 2003): H2382—H2391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00559.2003.

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A previously developed Krogh-type theoretical model was used to estimate capillary density in human skeletal muscle based on published measurements of oxygen consumption, arterial partial pressure of oxygen, and blood flow during maximal exercise. The model assumes that oxygen consumption in maximal exercise is limited by the ability of capillaries to deliver oxygen to tissue and is therefore strongly dependent on capillary density, defined as the number of capillaries per unit cross-sectional area of muscle. Based on an analysis of oxygen transport processes occurring at the microvascular level, the model allows estimation of the minimum number of straight, evenly spaced capillaries required to achieve a given oxygen consumption rate. Estimated capillary density values were determined from measurements of maximal oxygen consumption during knee extensor exercise and during whole body cycling, and they range from 459 to 1,468 capillaries/mm2. Measured capillary densities, obtained with either histochemical staining techniques or electron microscopy on quadriceps muscle biopsies from healthy subjects, are generally lower, ranging from 123 to 515 capillaries/mm2. This discrepancy is partly accounted for by the fact that capillary density decreases with muscle contraction and muscle biopsy samples typically are strongly contracted. The results imply that estimates of maximal oxygen transport rates based on capillary density values obtained from biopsy samples do not fully reflect the oxygen transport capacity of the capillaries in skeletal muscle.

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