Дисертації з теми "Matières premières – Commerce"
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Okoko, Blandine Fernande. "La stabilisation institutionnelle des prix des matières premières." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020080.
Повний текст джерелаThe decrease of the part of the lcd's in the world exportations of commodities and the drop in prices justify the place occupied by questions concerning these products in the relations between the north and the south. One of the problems posed by the evolution of the commodity trade is the instability of prices which pain most of the lcd's. This complex phenomenon can be observed and measured. Its the result of multitude factors and can aggravate the instability of the world economy. The financial constraints are not resolved for the lcd's which depend on them. That suppose a recourse to an external financing of the development and require the large modalities of intervention. In order to show the dynamics of mechanisms and their real efficient, an analysis of the results proved the superiority of the compensatory and contingency financing facility on the stabex and the sugar protocal on the buffer stocks regulators. During the 80's the compensatory and contingency financing facility did not have a stabilizing effect ; the european market was not favourable to the acp countries. These systems very original and different each other have the virtue to be simple and cheaper. But owing to the fact that they do not strike at the root of the evil, they can only attenuate it. Does the present institutional frame suffice to adopt measures for a real stabilization ? if the economic analysis does not take into account the market, its is at risk to be exhausted. Our propositions fluctuate between the normalization of the eec schemes and the improvement of the imf systems. The stabilizing action is desirable in all levels at the market level as well as the level of national regional or international institutions. However, the price stabilization in an uncertainty world cant be completed and the success of these programs depends on several elements can we make a good stabilization of prices in the commodity economy? that suppose an evolution in the commodity economy
Huguet, Stephane. "La régulation des matières premières agricoles." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe regulation of agricultural commodity markets is a academic‘s work that evaluates the consequences of the evolution of our society on this essential product. Indeed, its price is subject to many influences. Yet the Law has decided for the moment to turn away from it in the majority. This doctoral work thus tries to determine what are the weak points of the legislations in several fields in order to secure this product whose unconscious value is essential to obtain the social peace that the Law tends to obtain
Ben, Makhlouf Fouad. "Le droit international et le commerce des matières premières entre pays développés et pays en développement." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE0025.
Повний текст джерелаThe raw materials question has known several sudden changes in the history of international relations and is actually centered around the north-suth relations. Raw materials are at the base of wealth and economical development of any nation. The interest around raw materials is not only limited to supplying problems, it also extends to the supervision of the production and its trading. It explains the importance of the dominion principal concerning natural resources. Raw materials are there for the reason for a aclaim to a new international economic order witch coult permit to restructurize the north-suth trade system. Excessif fluctuations of prices, and deterioration of the exchange relations hip of raw materials exported by all developping countries, are the basic of the north-suth trade. The negociations, led by international suits, between developped and developping countries have not resulted into a transformation of the international economical system, where from the need to work on new rules viable to considere the contrast interest between the two kinds of countries. International law has to fix its duty around that matter
Marwan, Triwulan. "Elaboration de liants pouzzolaniques a partir de matières premières indonésiennes." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0055.
Повний текст джерела[The aim of this study is ta show the possibility of manufacturing low-cost cement in Indonesia. To realize this objective, it is possible to use abundant laterites and a middle temperature thermal process (800°C) which is less expansive in energy than the Portland Cement production. The use of physical-chemical techniques (X-ray diffraction - differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry) and the study of mechanical strengths on mini-cylinders show the kaolinite content of the laterite is the main factor affecting its reactivity after burning. The strengths reached by mixtures of Portland Cement and burnt laterite are high and the durability of such binders is good because the lime content is lower. Concretes built up with these binders present interesting characterise in view of a low-cost housing in Indonesia. ]
Grigorova, Zhenya. "La réglementation internationale du commerce de matières premières : l'exemple des ressources énergétiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D023.
Повний текст джерелаNo English summary available
Eyeghe-Minko, Thomas. "Le marché mondial des produits de base (1970-1983) : essai sur le rôle des États et des FMN." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100007.
Повний текст джерелаBomsel, Olivier. "Dynamique économique des pays miniers en développement et instabilité des marchés de matières premières minérales." Paris, ENMP, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ENMP0166.
Повний текст джерелаMamouni-El, Aoufir Rachida. "Les Prix internationaux des produits de base." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607644b.
Повний текст джерелаDormoy, Daniel. "Le commerce des produits de base et l'action internationale : contribution à l'étude juridique de l'ordre économique international." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10066.
Повний текст джерелаFéblot-Augustins, Jehanne. "La circulation des matières premières lithiques au paléolithique : synthèse des données, perspectives comportementales." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100186.
Повний текст джерелаBased on bibliographical data, this comprehensive research bearing on raw material transport and territorial exploitation patterns spans the archaic and lower Paleolithic of Africa and the whole of the western and central European Paleolithic. Behavioral perspectives are developed with reference to technology in relation to procurement distances. The question addressed through the study of raw material distribution is basically that of man's dealings with space over two million years. Is examined from two complementary viewpoints: that of diachronic change and that of synchronic variability. Evidence points to change within a continuum, a definite speeding up in the pace of change occurring across the middle upper Paleolithic divide. From the synchronic viewpoint of variability, a major result is the existence of a very significant relation between scale of mobility and increasing continentally. This brings to light the influence of environment on overall subsistence strategies. At the same time, the techno economic consistency within each period, irrespective of the environmental context, suggests the existence among contemporary groups of a shared conception of the constraints involved by their technical culture
Dencausse, Laurent. "Valorisation de matières premières végétales et animales pour l'industrie des cosmétiques : Pentadesma butyracea, Equus caballus, Bombyx mori." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30043.
Повний текст джерелаMitraille, Sébastien. "Stratégies de stockage et de vente à terme en concurrence oligopolistique." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10084.
Повний текст джерелаSeveral mineral commodity markets are characterized by a huge concentration in supply, an active trading of forward contracts, or a large use of storage. How producers or traders may combine storage, capacity installation and forward sales when their decisions modify the price formation process ?
Nowak, Jean-Jacques. "Le syndrôme néerlandais : quelques développements par la théorie du commerce international." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010073.
Повний текст джерелаThe dutch disease is that phenomenon whereby a boom in one tradable sector of the economy cause distress in other tradable sectors as both output and factor incomes fall. The purpose of this thesis was first to study if all tradables were in fact affected by the same manner : must a boom necessarily create a contraction in all other traditional tradables? The answer is no if one consider the interindustry flows in the booming economy. Some empirical results on the Nigerian experience tend to confirm the main characteristics of our model. The second purpose of this thesis was to analyse the consequences from the welfare point of view of some particular distorsions (real wage rigidity, increasing returns to scale. . . ) In a small open economy affected by a boom. It appears that the so-called dutch disease may be a matter of concern only in the presence of distorsions. This study is also an attempt to join the analysis of the dutch disease to those of immiserising growth
Cicchetti, Esméralda. "Développement de méthodes d’analyse pour l’étude de la qualité des matières premières de parfumerie et d’arômes." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCM0008.
Повний текст джерелаQuality control of raw materials (RM) in the flavour and fragrance (F&F) industry is a key step requiring a huge number of analytical techniques to characterize and quantify an ingredient.Spectroscopic methods are required to characterize an ingredient. In the F&F domain, RMs are very complex; spectroscopic methods are generally hyphenated with separative techniques such as gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC), sometimes preceded by a purification step, for a formal identification of their analytes, by mass spectrometry or NMR. Some isotopic techniques can be used to check naturality and authenticity of a RM or pure compounds. The example of vanilla authentication will be taken through the beans extraction by ASE (Accelerated Solvent Extraction), LC/UV profiling and vanillin purification prior to isotopic analyses.Analytes quantification is also a key step of the quality control. Volatile constituents are generally quantified by GC hyphenated to a flame ionization detector. This study describes the creation of a relative response factors (RRF) database for a future quantification and, in the case of missing standards, proposes a prediction model based on combustion enthalpies.F&F industry is facing restrictions of some substances that might be toxic or allergenic and that should be quantified at trace level. Two collaborative studies were driven by the European committee of normalization of the French syndicate Prodarom in order to validate innovative methods to quantify the 26 allergens. They are presented as well as optimized methods to analyse furocoumarins, phototoxic constituents of some Citrus essential oils
Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Minh. "Lissage de modèles linéaires et gaussiens à régimes markoviens. : Applications à la modélisation de marchés de matières premières." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. https://pastel.hal.science/tel-03689917.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis focuses on Sequential Monte Carlo methods for general state space models. These procedures are used to approximate any sequence of conditional distributions of some hidden state variables given a set observations. We are particularly interested in two-filter based methods to estimate the marginal smoothing distribution of a state variable given past and future observations. We first prove convergence results for the estimators produced by all two-filter based Sequential Monte Carlo methods under weak assumptions on the hidden Markov model. Under additional strong mixing assumptions which are more restrictive but still standard in this context, we show that the constants of the deviation inequalities and the asymptotic variances are uniformly bounded in time. Then, a Conditionally Linear and Gaussian hidden Markov model is introduced to explain commodity markets regime shifts. The markets are modeled by extending the Gibson-Schwartz model on the spot price and the convenience yield. It is assumed that the dynamics of these variables is controlled by a discrete hidden Markov chain identifying the regimes. Each regime corresponds to a set of parameters driving the state space model dynamics. We propose a Monte Carlo Expectation Maximization algorithm to estimate the parameters of the model based on a two-filter method to approximate the intermediate quantity. This algorithm uses explicit marginalization (Rao Blackwellisation) of the linear states to reduce Monte Carlo variance. The algorithm performance is illustrated using Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) crude oil data
Uehara, Ayaka. "Caractérisation et synthèses d’odorants d’impact de matières premières aromatiques naturelles. Cèdre de l’Atlas, Immortelle, Yuzu et Agarwood." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4090.
Повний текст джерелаThis work consisted in studying the volatile constituents of four natural raw materials in order to determine their main impact odorants, and to synthesize some of these components to confirm their olfactory participation in the whole. Mixture. Thus, the essential oils of Atlas cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica), curry plant (Helichrysum italicum) and yuzu (Citrus junos) were submitted to a detailed chemical and olfactometric analysis followed by the synthesis of their main odorant components.In the case of Cedrus atlantica, we characterized the two main impact odorants which were found to be vestitenone and 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene. This result contrasts with the information published on this raw material, mentioning in particular that atlantones are the main odorous contributors, while none of the panelists involved in our study described these compounds as important odorants. Our investigation of Helichrysum italicum essential oil showed that its main component (neryl acetate) has a very low contribution to the odor while a few minor components: 4,6-dimethyloctan-3,5-dione, 1,8-cineole, and nerol show greater involvement. The study of yuzu resulted in a comparable situation, which contradicts the published data. Thus, nonanal emerged as the most potent contributor, while our synthesized sample of yuzunone (presented as a key odorant in previous research) demonstrated that this compound has only a low olfactory impact. Finally, in the case of agarwood (Aquilaria ssp.), some components described as odoriferous in the literature were prepared by total synthesis, and the olfactory study of these samples showed that here again, their importance had been overestimated, since for us, they were practically odorless
Carrère, Anne. "Modélisation économétrique du processus de formation des prix des métaux non ferreux." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10017.
Повний текст джерелаThis document presents a structural model of determination of the prices for aluminium, copper, nickel and titanium. The use of econometric techniques enabled the emphasize of the set of economic variables which are involved in the mechanism of formation of the quotations. From 1955 to the present day, the model reveals that prices are strongly responsive to the world economic environment and to important international political and social events. The prices tend towards a middle term equilibrium, going through transitory phases of unbalance that the metal producers and prices stabilization policies are trying to control
Lemba, N'Ky Ndju-Ndju Dombasi. "Étude économétrique et stratistique des pays en voie de développement exportateurs des matières premières non pétrolières : élaboration d'un modèle macro-économique : 1960-1982." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100135.
Повний текст джерелаCremaschi, Damien. "Prix des matières premières dans le domaine automobile : une analyse économétrique de la dynamique du prix des plastiques." Thesis, Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090060.
Повний текст джерелаThe automotive industry is increasingly dependent on plastic materials whose price level and volatility have risen sharply over the past decade due to the assumed effect of fluctuations in crude oil prices, which is the key feedstock in the production of final products such as plastics. This thesis aims to provide econometric tools to analyze, understand, and manage the risk of price volatility of major plastics materials consumed in the automotive industry. Using the cointegration methodology, we show that long-term equilibrium relationship and short-term dynamics reveal the transmission mechanism of input prices changes from the upstream market to the prices of plastics materials on the downstream market. The significant cointegration relationships between petrochemical and crude oil prices justify the development of hedging strategies against inputs prices fluctuation and the estimation of error correction models that should produce better prices forecast
Dussaux, Damien. "Les effets des politiques environnementales sur le commerce international des déchets, l’innovation verte, et la compétitivité, dans un monde globalisé." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0047/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn a globalized world, unilateral environmental policies may fail to correct market failures from a global point of view. In this dissertation, I examine some mechanisms through which environmental regulations could lead to inefficient outcomes under free trade. I also investigate how particular environmental policies such as recycling policies can help to address other concerns at the country level. In the first chapter of this dissertation, I analyze how cross-country difference in waste taxes impacts the bilateral trade in waste between the member states of the European Union. I find that a higher asymmetry in the waste taxes is associated with a non negligible amount of waste exported from strict countries to lax countries. This result illustrates the harmful impact that "race to the bottom" behaviours can have under free trade. This result has important policy implications since these behaviours can lead to an insufficient internalization of the environmental damages caused by waste management activities. Recycling policies are implemented to reduce environmental impacts but they can also mitigate country dependence on foreign raw materials. In the second chapter, I find that recycling policies substantially reduce country dependence on foreign raw materials by stimulating domestic production of secondary raw materials. In the third chapter, I test empirically whether offshoring to low-production-cost countries reduces firms' propensity to innovate in clean technologies. I find that trade with low-cost countries may have significantly reduced green innovation in high production cost countries during the last decades. In the last chapter, I use micro-data on French manufacturing to test a major part of the assumptions made in the seminal work of Porter and van der Linde. I find evidence against the Porter Hypothesis although the negative impact of regulations on firm profitability is rather small. This is evidence of a necessary but not sufficient condition for the Pollution Haven Hypothesis
Batonon, Dolores Isidora Fifonsi. "Systèmes d'alimentation alternatifs pour le développement des filières volailles en régions chaudes." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of alternative feed ingredients in poultry feeding and to determine bird’s responses to sequential and loose-mix feeding in hot climate. A meta-analysis and in vivo trials were performed on the use of millet. sorghum and cottonseed meal in poultry diets. Results showed that simple or combined utilization of these ingredients resulted in similar feed intake and growth performance as corn/soybean-based diets. In laying hens, a study conducted in warm conditions showed that when they are subjected 10 variable temperature and humidity throughout and within a day, laying and growth performance decreased in sequential and loose-mix feeding. A second study confirmed that high environmental temperature does not disable sequential feeding benefits. This work suggest feeding systems in which feed ingredients produced in hot climates could be directly included in birds diets have been proposed. This will thereby help consolidating the links between poultry and vegetable supply chains and contribute to their development
Diasso, Yankou. "Dynamiques de moyen et long terme des cours des matières premières : les enjeux pour le développement dans les pays africains producteurs de coton." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAB003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis analyzes the economic development issues related to the medium and long-term dynamics of commodities prices in general and cotton prices in particular. Studies on the long-term perspective traditionally question the relevance of primary specializations of LDCs. In the medium term, the interest is relates to price instability for which the consequences are all the more important as countries’ dependency on the exports of such products becomes stronger. The stakes then revolve around market regulation modalities, and the choice of risk management tools (e.g. public or private interventions). These depend on the apprehension of price fluctuations as a phenomenon arising from endogenous or exogenous market factors. In a new economical context influenced by the growing importance of oligopolistic firms, a segmentation of the productive process and the financialization of commodity markets, we address differently these issues through a new analytical framework. The proposed analysis first shows how approaches such as the ones related to global value chains are more adapted to tackle industrial/commercial policies in commodity dependent LDCs. Second, in a context of heterogeneous behavioral models, we rely on the concept of bounded rationality to show the presence of a strong endogenous component in instability. Thus, it proves the inefficiency of private interventions to counter instability. Considering these findings in the case of African cotton producers, we conclude that it remains possible to incorporate the commodity in a global development strategy. But this involves the use of hybrid-type mechanisms (public-private) for managing uncertainty, combined with a reinforcement of cross-border cooperation dynamics in order to structure regional value chains
Asloun, Ahmed. "Le programme intégré pour les produits de base." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE0038.
Повний текст джерелаBrémond, Vincent. "Prix du pétrole, tendance et cycles." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100099.
Повний текст джерелаThe relationships between macroeconomic variables and oil prices have deserved a great interest in the economic literature. Those interactions depend on both the retained variables and the time horizon considered. The aim of the PhD is to study the relationships between oil price and various macroeconomic and financial variables by considering different time horizons as well as various econometric procedures. After reminding the oil industry evolution since 1860, we study the relationships between oil price and the production behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, using both time series and panel data tools. Then, an analysis with time-varying parameters VAR models is implemented, regarding the impact of the USD exchange rate on the Brent price. Lastly, we study the co-movements between oil and commodity prices, using non stationary panel data methodology
Mouak, Prosper. "Le marché de l'aluminium : structuration et analyse du comportement des prix au comptant et à terme au London Metal Exchange." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00497003.
Повний текст джерелаRossignol, Raphaël. "Dimensions stratégiques et sécuritaires de I'exploitation des ressources naturelles d'Afrique subsaharienne par la Chine." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0140.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this thesis is to consider the economic and political relations between China and sub-Saharan Africa to the extent that they involve security issues. The selected angle is used to link three perspectives, starting from a classical approach measuring the real importance and describing the mechanisms of China-Africa economic relations. Then follows a more detailed discussion about the terms of the exploitation of African natural resources by Chinese publicly owned companies. Finally ensues an analysis of the role played by those of these Chinese enterprises that work in the defense industry at large. This thesis examines how China deploys strategic thinking around the competition between Beijing and the Western powers for the operation and control of African natural resources. In this context, the risks faced by Chinese companies are represented as well by the political instability of some of the countries where they operate, and by the interventions of foreign powers in these conflicts to protect competing interests of those in Beijing. These conflicts are indeed likely to break Chinese supplies to prevent Chinese companies to operate and even to overthrow or weaken political allies of Beijing. To counter those risks, China is increasing its military commitment to the continent by selling its trading partners defenses in the form of weapons and military training. These exchanges involve the Chinese defense industries, which are also conglomerates operating in the exploitation of natural resources. These companies are therefore at the heart of this competition between China and the Western powers, as part of their activities (arms transfers) is expected to offset the destabilization caused by the other party (the exploitation of natural resources)
Monier, Pascal. "Diversification des exportations de produits primaires et instabilité des recettes d'exportation des pays en développement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF10165.
Повний текст джерелаExport earnings instability is an important economic problem for developing countries. Diversification could be a solution for this. It allows to take advantage of compensation opportuneness between export earnings variations of goods, which reduce instability. These phenomena of compensation appeared important between goods with different conditions of production or consumption. They also appeared more important between variations of export prices than between variations of export volumes. All in all, reduction of primary export earnings instability in a country where takes place a middle extent export diversification, has been estimated at 20%. So, most of countries can base reduction policy of instability on diversification. The only exception to this rule concerns countries where exports instability results from export volumes instability, which is due to very unstable macro-economic conditions
Audouard, Lorena. "Les économies préhistoriques dans les domaines insulaires de la façade Manche / Atlantique de la France, de la fin du Mésolithique au début de l'âge du Bronze." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S147/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of this thesis is to address the economic operation of the first agro-pastoral societies on the islands from the Channel / Atlantic coasts of France, from the late Mesolithic to the early Bronze Age. The resources of these islands, both limited (exploitable surface reduced, complex hunting gestion) and various (terrestrial and marine resources), have they resulted in an adaptation of lifestyles? Populations have they suffered their environment or have they exceeded the constraints through a dynamic of contacts and exchanges ? These questions are addressed through the information provided by the lithic industry of several island sites. The terms of supply of raw materials and characteristics of lithic industry are systematically compared with available data on nearby continental sites. The presence of exogenous materials (such as flint of "Cinglais" or the Turonian flint of the Greater Pressigny) on some islands reveals the existence of contacts between mainland and island communities, the latters appearing as open to impulses outside. This approach identifies the existence or absence of insular peculiarities, then measure the degree of integration of islands populations within trade networks of long distance raw materials. All these information are put into perspective with data provided by others materials (including ceramic artefacts). Then, it is possible to perceive the interactions that are held from the Neolithic to the beginning of the Bronze Age between the inhabitants of the coast and the islanders, and also highlight disparities between islands
Cocoual, Mathilde. "Aux sources des parfums : Industrialisation et approvisionnement de la parfumerie grassoise (milieu XIXe – milieu XXe siècle)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2045/document.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the XIXth century, the beggining of industrialisation of perfumery in the world. Specifically inFrance and in Grasse. Resulted in an augmentation in raw materials in spite of the invention and theincrease of the synthetic molecules in the perfume and aromatic composition. In order to supply itselfin raw materials, many French and Grasse society organise trade relations with foreign countries, likeItaly and Bulgaria. In the same time, the increasing establishment of the perfumers in Africa, Asia,America and Oceania, corresponds in diversified strategies according to the mobilized colonies : inthe Maghreb, they extend the culture of mediterranean raw materials ; in Indo-China and Guyana,they are supplied out of specific raw materials like the star anise or the rose wood ; while Africa andOceania, they serve as a laboratory for multiple acclimatizations of mediterranean raw material andalso tropical species, like vanilla or ylang-ylang. Among these « colonial laboratories », the islandsof the Indian Ocean, for which ylang-ylang, geranium, clove or vanilla, were, until the XIXth century,completely unknown. They became one of the principal world production centers of raw materialsunder the influence of the French and Grasse perfumers. The objective of this thesis is to considerthis singular trajectory, since the rise of the first factories in France until the creation of a worldnetwork of supply. It also questions the links and the relations between the various producing zonesand the Grasse perfumery
Berranger, Marion. "Le fer, entre matière première et moyen d'échange, en France du VIIe au Ier s. Av. J. -C. : approches interdisciplinaires." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010689.
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