Дисертації з теми "Matériaux hybrides – Teneur en silicium"
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Bruneau, Marion. "Elaboration de matériaux composites hybrides pour l'encapsulation de molécules d'intérêt relargables sous différents stimuli." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MULH3696.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is devoted to the development of materials allowing the controlled release of molecules of interest. In the first part of this project, syntheses of organic-inorganic hybrids having a talc type structure were carried out with different silica sources, which induces variable crystallinity and polycondensation of silicic species. These hybrids were then characterized. The folic acid (molecule of interest) once added to the synthesis medium was encapsulated into the hybrid. The incorporation of folic acid does not induce significant changes in the structure of the hybrids formed. The different characterization techniques have shown that the folic acid is not very mobile in the structure and is therefore well encapsulated in the interlayer space of the hybrids. The hybrids showed a fast releasing kinetics, both in water or in a model soil. Hybrids prepared from N2TMS (N- [3-(trimethoxysilyl))propyl]ethylenediamine) showed the fastest release, while those synthesized with C16TMS (Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane) exhibited the slowest releasing kinetics due to the highly hydrophobic nature of the organic chain of the hybrid. The second part of the thesis was focused on finding and testing materials potentially active in the photo-controlled release of active molecules. The hybrid materials synthesized from NBATES (3-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-4- nitrobenzamide) have shown promising results: under UV irradiation at 254 nm, the quantity released of a model molecule was indeed two times higher than that measured in the absence of light. For the hybrids synthesized from MCTES (O-4-methylcoumarinyl-N-[3- (triethoxysilyl)propyl]carbamate), the best results was obtained under UV irradiation at 365 nm. The photosensitive functional groups present in the talc type hybrids made possible to obtain photosensitive composites. These promising results are the base for further developments in agricultural applications
Prunet, Geoffrey. "Matériaux polymères/silicium hybrides pour des applications thermoélectriques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0223.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, human beings seek mainly to manage energy and their uses toward sustainable development. Among the various renewable energies, thermoelectricity is the solution for the conversion of heat losses into electricity, and therefore the improvement of thermal efficiency. Thermoelectric materials for room-temperature applications are dominated by bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) based materials offering higher efficiencies. Nevertheless, their cost and toxicity prevent large-scale applications. In recent years, polymer materials have been considered as alternatives for Bi2Te3, although their thermoelectric properties are significantly lower. The aim of this thesis was therefore to develop an efficient thermoelectric polymer, in combination with an inorganic material in order to obtain an efficient thermoelectric generator. PEDOT, P3HT, and PCDTBT were chosen as p-type polymers and silicon substrates as semi-conducting inorganic materials due to their high importance and performance in their respective fields. Several optimization routes have been investigated, either by fine-tuning the doping level parameters or by tailoring the surface of the inorganic materials. Hybrid thermoelectric generators (TEGs) were developed for near room temperature application. The coupling with polymer material achieved to obtain an enhancement of device performances resulting in record value
Halioua, Yacine. "Etude de structures hybrides : lasers à cristaux photoniques en semi-conducteurs III-V sur silicium." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077169.
Повний текст джерелаThe ever-growing demand for high data transmission and processing rates is hitting the limits of microelectronic circuits and Systems. It is currently admitted that photons can significantly relieve the speed constraints of inter as well as intra-chip communications. More specifically, due to their inherent advantages, the hybridisation of III-V active and Si passive photonic structures, which are CMOS compatible, opens a new avenue for an exciting field of endeavour. In this context, the present thesis deals with fabrication and study in depth of a two level structure based on III-V photonic crystals (PhCs) evanescently coupled to silicon wires. The two levels are bonded together using an adhesive BCB-based bonding technique. Taking advantage of PhCs properties reasonably low threshold laser operation coupled to the silicon wire underneath is demonstrated, using both PhCs waveguides and wire cavities. The optical characteristics and coupling efficiencies of the System against various parameters were experimentally studied and the results successfully confronted to modelling, showing amongst other results that 90% of the light emitted in the top level is extracted via the silicon wire. Such a high value has been rendered possible by by an important work on modelling and the development of a specific alignment processing procedure providing an accuracy of ~ 25 nm. In conclusion, the observation of low-threshold bistability under gain regime is presented and numerous perspectives are discussed
Cauquil-Vergnes, Aude. "Etude structurale et propriétés d'auto-organisation dans des gels hybrides organique-inorganique à base de silicium." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20128.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Dkhil Sadok. "Cellules solaires hybrides transparentes à base de nanofils de silicium et du poly(vinylcarbazole)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10130.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis focuses on the implementation and study of hybrid solar cells interpenetrating networks using silicon nanowires. Our studies have focused on the optimization of hybrid structures based PVK or MEH-PPV mixed in their volume with silicon nanowires phase, referring to structures PVK/NFSI and MEH-PPV/NFSI respectively. This study showed the close interdependence between morphology and properties of nanocomposites photovoltaic cells made. We studied the influence of the concentration of silicon nanowires on the dissociation process of photo-generated pairs. We also studied the effect of heat treatment and we have demonstrated a better load transfer in the case of structures PVK/NFSI. We also observed the beneficial effect of deoxidation treatment and functionalization of the nanowires on the improvement of charge transfer in the case of structures made. In conclusion, we have shown that the PV hybrid cell using silicon nanowires can be optimized through understanding and fine tuning of the charge transfer
Bouclé, Johann. "Elaboration et étude des propriétés électro-optiques de matériaux hybrides à base de nanocristaux de carbure de silicium." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007825.
Повний текст джерелаLepeytre, Cédric. "Matériaux hybrides organique-inorganique monophasés : synthèse et étude des paramètres conditionnant le solide." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20014.
Повний текст джерелаBoullanger, Arnaud. "Matériaux hybrides organiques - inorganiques. Structuration et contrôle de la multifonctionnalisation." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20065.
Повний текст джерелаMesostructured hybrid materials (organic-inorganic) were prepared according two different ways: the sol-gel process on the one hand, the assembly of molecular hybrid 'bricks' on the other. In the first part, we focused on the one-pot synthesis of monofunctionalised cubic silicas (SBA-16) through the sol-gel process. Different organic functions were successfully introduced within the pores of the material (SH, CN, Cl, PO(OEt)2 and acac). Their accessibility was brought to light by complexation of lanthanide salts (europium) by acac moieties, but also by growing of gold nanoparticles within the pores, regularly distributed thanks to the SH groups. Thanks to their small size (2 nm) and their high accessibility, these supported nanoparticles could be used as catalysts. Secondly, our study was extended to bifunctional materials. 2-D hexagonal silicas (SBA-15) were functionalised by one-step synthesis within both pores and walls. Several organic groups were covalently included within the structure, which then allowed us to confine very closely two kinds of nanoparticles, able to interact between themselves at nanometric scale. The bimetallic material is consequently qualified as 'interactive'. The last part was dedicated to a new approach for the synthesis of 3-D structured materials, consisting in the assembly of hybrid molecular 'cages' (functionalised octasilsesquioxanes). Chloro terminations were chosen because of their easy conversion into acid or ionic moieties, able to self-assemble, driven by weak interactions such as H-bonds or electrostatic forces. The use of organic “linkers” such as cyclam groups was also considered to connect cages and anchor metallic ions
Guégan, Régis. "Étude des propriétés d'un cristal liquide (8CB) confiné dans des nanopores unidirectionnels." Rennes 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00264429.
Повний текст джерелаThepot, Philippe. "Matériaux hybrides organo-minéraux élaborés à partir de précurseurs moléculaires à liaison Si-C. Caractérisation et réactivité." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20108.
Повний текст джерелаBallestero, Anthony. "Elaboration de matériaux à base de carbure de silicium et à porosité contrôlée." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT192/document.
Повний текст джерелаPreceramic polymers have been proposed in the late fifty’s as non-oxide silicon based ceramic precursors generally called PDCs for “Polymer Derived Ceramics”. Compared to traditional synthesis ways, the PDCs route can offer many advantages in terms of compositions, structures and textures of ceramics. Due to its intrinsic properties (thermal, chemical and mechanical resistance, semi-conductor behavior,...), silicon carbide (SiC) and their derivatives with nitrogen (silicon carbonitride, SiCN) can be considered as one of the best materials for the next generation of ceramic based membranes, in particular in the hydrogen production processes (from CO2, CH4 or through the water gas shift reaction for example). By investigating the PDCs route, a hydrophobic and amorphous SiC material suitable for hydrogen separation process exhibiting good permeability/selectivity ratio, high thermal mechanical and chemical resistance coupled with a good stability under wet atmosphere up to 500°C can be proposed. However, the use of preceramic polymrers induces an important dimensional modification during the pyrolysis allowing the conversion from polymer to ceramic. Residual stresses caused by the volume shrinkage leads to the formation of cracks or even collapses of the structure of shaped preceramic polymers. This study is focused on the elaboration of SiC based macroporous substrates or microcellular foams, mesoporous and microporous coatings in the aim to propose a SiC based material showing a hierarchized porosity dedicated to gaseous separation applications. The AllylHydridoPolycarbosilane (AHPCS) is used as SiC precursor. After the chapters I and II, respectively dedicated to a literature review and the materials and methods used, two strategies are enforced in the chapters III and IV to generate these materials with a better control of the polymer dimensional change. In the first strategy (chapter III), passive (nanodiamonds) and active (boron particles) fillers are introduced in the AHPCS to generate some formulations with different fillers proportions and opposing to the volume shrinkage of the polymer during the pyrolysis and create composite materials. In the second strategy (chapter IV), a single molecular source approach consisting of the introduction of boron at the molecular state in the AHPCS is proposed. This introduction of boron leads to increase the ceramic yield and to reduce the mass loss of the modified AHPCS during the pyrolysis. In the chapters III and IV, monolithic dense structures are developed to better understand the dimensional change occurring during the pyrolysis. Synthetized and selected formulations and polymers will serve as precursors for macroporous, mesoporous and microporous materials in the chapter V
Moreaud, Nathanae͏̈l. "Etude et caractérisations des : matériaux semi-conducteurs grand gap 3C-SiC/Si et hétérostructures GaAlN/GaN/GaAlN - matériaux hybrides monophase organiques-inorganiques." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20069.
Повний текст джерелаRey, Nadège. "Synthèse de silices hybrides méso-structurées par auto-assemblage : vers des applications en catalyse." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2019. https://theses.enscm.fr/interne/ENSCM_2019_REY.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHybrid Silica-based materials have been investigated for many applications, ranging from micro-lenses for optics to drug encapsulation for health. In particular, the incorporation of metal cations in organized silica-based network is essential to the design of supported catalysts. Si-based matrices exhibit tunable mechanical properties, thermal stability and porosity. These matrices can be prepared with different shapes that play a role in their applications. Rods, stars, dumbbell, layer or polymeric network, that can be categorized in 2D or 3D architectures, are among the shapes encountered in the literature. For the construction of 2D and 3D architectures, several families are studied, such as bridged silsesquioxanes, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and lamellar silica.Lamellar silica is used as scaffolds or 2D building blocks to create functional materials. Crystalline layered silicates are easily modified by the intercalation of guest molecules and ions in the interlayer. Covalent modification is achieved by silylation of the interlayer Si–O- / Si–OH groups with organosilanes. Moreover POSS consists of a cage-like structure and formula (RSiO3/2)n, R being an organic group. T8 structure is the most common one which when it is octa-substituted can be used as a node in a polymer-like self-assembly by connection to other POSS. In the case of a mono-substituted cage, two scenarios are available: functionalization of the substituted corner or synthesis of dumbbell-like object formed by grafting of another POSS.In this work, the aim is to provide new functional hybrid materials involving original 2D and 3D architectures.2D self-structure assemblies, made of lamellar silica and silylated organic linkers, will be used for complexation reactions and catalysis For this purpose, there is a need for new functional linkers. Here, we present the original synthesis of linkers for the assembly of the 2D structures. Inspired by previously reported bis-urea compounds, we designed and prepared bi-functional urea-thiourea monosilylated linkers. The originality of these flexible molecules comes from the combination of four key sites allowing interactions or complexation: (i) the silyl moiety will serve as a single grafting anchor to the lamellar silica, (ii) the urea moiety will promote order in the self-assembled layer via H-bonding, (iii) the thiourea moiety will mainly serve for the coordination of metallic cations and (iv) in the case of the monosilylated precursors, the terminal functional R group will offer the possibility of self-organization of the pillars within the layer. Hence long alkyl chains are likely to interact through Van der Waals interactions and to tune the interlayer distance and thus the size of the cations possibly hosted within the layers while aryl R groups will enable the self-assembly thanks to the-conjugated system.3D self-structure assemblies will be synthesized from POSS and bis-silylated organic linkers. We used a bis-silylated version of the urea-thiourea compound as well as various bis-silylated malonamide compounds. The panel of malonamide compounds will allow to tune the flexibility of the final structure offering more or less accessibility for the metal complexation in the system. Prior to the materials synthesis, we investigated the feasibility of various dumbbell systems as models for the future studies and for a better understanding of the possible arrangement of these units within the final corresponding materials. We also demonstrate the formation of polymeric-like self-assembled hybrid silica by using Si-H functionalized POSS/POS connected with the same bridging units
Teyssedre, Hubert. "Simulation du procédé de nanoimpression thermiquesur silicium revêtu d’un film polymère ultramince." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0047/document.
Повний текст джерелаSurface nanostructuring is an intriguing field of materials physics that has been largely ado-pted for both aesthetic and functional purposes. Nanostructures can be present in nature (water repellent effect of the lotus leaf) or produced for industrial applications, and they can be manufactured by lithography. Thermal nanoimprint is the process studied in this thesis, which is an inexpensive method to replicate the micro- and nanostructures of a mold into the surface of a substrate. This embossing method consists in printing the mold into a thin film of thermoplastic polymer (50 to 500 nm in thickness) previously deposited on the substrate. A further etching step may transfer the imprinted patterns into the latter. The aim of this work is to evaluate the imprint speeds of the structures in thin polystyrene films on a silicon substrate. A numerical simulation software has been developed, which uses the Constrained Natural Elements Method (C-NEM). Our main contribution was to integrate three essential phenomena at the nanoscale: surface tension, wetting, and slip at the fluid-solid interface. Combined with a non-linear viscous behavior, this is shown to describe partially but sufficiently the physical phenomena that occur during printing. Therefore, this work lies halfway between simple analytical models, with a very limited scope of use, and complex models too expensive for simulation, such as finite strain viscoelasticity. Finally, this thesis addresses the problem of the characterization of a polymer in thin films. One of the major challenges faced here was to apply the macroscopic mechanical behavior to thin films. The experimental validation of the theory developed in the first part has corroborated this approach and revealed its limitations. This set of theoretical and experimental developments is a first step towards the design of a numerical tool for optimizing the thermal nanoimprint process
Brondani, Dalci José. "Nouveaux réactifs de trialcoxysilylation. Utilisation pour la synthèse de précurseurs de composés hypervalents et de polymères et matériaux hybrides organominéraux." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20027.
Повний текст джерелаCalleja, Gérard. "Poly(ferrocényldialcoxysilanes) : synthèse, propriétés et introduction dans des matrices inorganiques. Nouvelle voie d'accès à des agrégats de silicium à surface fonctionnalisée." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20017.
Повний текст джерелаWillai, Stéphanie. "Matériaux organosiliciés mésoporeux porteurs de β-cyclodextrine et de fonctions amines : synthèse par voie sol-gel structurante et propriétés". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-129.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLeroy, César. "Oxalates de calcium et hydroxyapatite : des matériaux synthétiques et naturels étudiés par techniques RMN et DNP." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066256/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, about 9.8% of the population suffer from urolithiasis. The treatment of kidney stones, composed of 72% of hydrated calcium oxalates (CaC2O4∙nH2O) with n = 1, 2, 3, represents almost 900 million euros in annual spending and it is therefore necessary to understand the in vivo formation of these stones. Here we propose a new approach in order to characterize kidney stones and have a greater understanding of their formation. Physicians primarily use FTIR techniques to determine the major phases present in a given pathological calcification. NMR methods appears suitable to determine more accurately the composition of these pathological calcifications. Very few NMR analyzes of kidney stones and synthetic analogues were conducted to date. In a first step, the three phases of calcium oxalate were synthesized by implementing original protocols. Analysis of the 1H, 13C CP MAS and MAS 43Ca ultra-high magnetic field spectra at natural abundance allow precise identification of the different phases and can be interpreted by taking into account the number of inequivalent crystallographic sites. The hydroxyapatite was studied in parallel as it may also appear in urolithiase. Finally, we show results obtained from DNP MAS at 100 K on the synthetic samples. The affinity of the biradical/solvent combination remains a limiting factor for heterogeneous materials such as those analyzed in this study. We have to be able to find a suitable combination for complex multi-component materials and to obtain an equivalent gain on all signals. In a last step, it is demonstrated that it is possible to transpose the methodological approach presented above to the study of kidney stones
Besnard, Romain. "Développement d’une méthodologie de synthèse de silices hybrides à haute capacité extractante." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS108.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is to develop a suitable “all-in-one” approach involving amphiphilic organosilane precursors in order to prepare hybrid materials for solid phase extraction processes. Such molecules combine both condensable and functional parts around a long hydrophobic alkyl chain.Similarly to a surfactant, the amphiphilic behavior of the organosilane molecules is governed by the size of the hydrophilic extractant function. By playing with the curvature agent size, it is possible to adjust the size of the couple extractant part/curvature agent at the interface between the aggregates and the surrounding media. Therefore, the aggregation shape is tunable. This approach constitutes an efficient and original method in order to tune the nanostructure of highly functionalized silica at the early stage of the elaboration. Hybrid organic-inorganic planar objects and vesicles are obtained for smaller curvature agents. Increasing the size of the curvature agent results in a transition of the aggregation geometry from vesicles to cylindrical direct micelles, leading to highly functionalized nanofibers.Comparatively, the addition of a silica precursor as TEOS in the preparation results in the swelling of the condensable part of the amphiphilic organosilane molecules. Thereby, as a curvature agent, the addition of TEOS allows tuning the aggregation towards reverse cylindrical micelles. Solvent effects have also been evaluated, appearing as a critical morphological parameter. Macroporous materials, blackberry-like particles and elongated or spherical nanoparticles can be obtained depending on the solvent.Finally, the accessibility of the functions and the extraction properties of the materials have been studied through chemical modifications and metallic ion extraction experiments (Rare earth elements, platinoids …)
Keita, Al-Saleh. "Etude par ellipsométrie spectroscopique des effets de taille sur les propriétés optiques de couches composites à matrice diélectrique et du silicium nanostructuré." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0051/document.
Повний текст джерелаThin composite films containing Si nanocrystals within a dielectric matrix may have several potential applications such as in nanoelectronics for the design of memory devices or in optoelectronics in view of the implementation of high-efficiency solar cells or the development of a silicon-based laser. Initially, we used spectroscopic ellipsometry in order to describe the optical properties of silicon-rich silicon nitride films (SRSN), mainly produced by chemical vapor deposition and thereafter subjected to rapid thermal annealing (RTA). We showed that the presence of Si nanoparticles (Si-NPs), that are observable by transmission electron microscopy, can be predicted by using a purely optical criterion. The RTA annealing leads to the formation of high densities of Si nanoparticles in the composite films. The optical properties of the Si-NPs have been calculated by three different methods: wavelength-by-wavelength numerical inversion (without any fitting parameters). The evolution of the parameters of this latter formula reveals the presence of confined amorphous Si-NPs in the investigated samples. We also highlighted the role of the flows ratio of the precursor gases RQ (=QNH3/QSiH4) and the annealing temperature TR on the optical properties of both the films and the Si-NPs they contain. Indeed a slight increase in RQ induced a significant variation in the spectrum of the dielectric function of the Si-NPs. On the other hand, the influence of the annealing temperature is noticeable beyond 950°C, and results in an increase of the amplitude and a reduction of the broadening of the
Lale, Abhijeet. "Synthesis and characterization of silicon and boron -based nitride nanocomposites as catalytic mesoporous supports for energy applications." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT203/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis has been funded by a collaborative research partnership between Indian (Dr. Ravi Kumar, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai) and French institutes (Dr. Samuel Bernard, European Membrane Institute, CNRS, Montpellier), IFCPRA/CEFIPRA. It is focused on the synthesis, and characterization of binary (silicon nitride and boron nitride) and ternary (Si-M-N, B-M-N (M = Ti, Zr, Hf)) ceramics which are prepared through a precursor approach based on the Polymer-Derived Ceramics (PDCs) route. The idea behind the preparation of the ternary systems is to form nanocomposite structures in which metal nitrides (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) nanocrystals grow during the synthesis of silicon nitride and boron nitride. A complete characterization from the polymer to the final material is done. Then, these materials have been prepared as mesoporous monoliths coupling the PDCs route with a nanocasting approach to be applied as supports of platinum nanoparticles for the hydrolysis of liquid hydrogen carriers such as sodium borohydride. The performance as catalyst supports has been evaluated in terms of volume of hydrogen released and reproducibility. We showed that the very high specific surface area TiN/Si3N4 nanocomposites displayed the best performance because of the catalytic activity of amorphous Si3N4, the presence of nanoscaled TiN and the synergetic effect between Pt nanoparticles, nanoscaled TiN and amorphous Si3N4. Interesting, these materials are multi-functional as demonstrated as a proof of concept: they can be applied as electrocatalyst supports, electrode materials for fuel cells and supercapacitors, in particular those containing 2D layered materials and free carbon
Beigbeder, Joana. "Etudes des propriétés physiques de nanocomposites à matrice polysiloxane : application au développement d'un revêtement de contrôle thermique froid et antistatique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/702/.
Повний текст джерелаSolar reflectors are new cold (low solar absorptivity, high thermal emissivity) thermal control coatings for satellites slightly sensitive to low earth orbit (LEO) environment. The aim of our work is their adaptation to geostationary (GEO) environment. These reflectors are composed of a reflective layer and a transparent highly electrically resistive polysiloxane coating. To evacuate electrical charges induced by GEO environment, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and metal oxides nanoparticles (zinc oxide, indium tin oxide ITO) were added to the resin and their effect on thermo-optical, electrical and electrostatic discharge (ESD) properties studied. A small proportion of CNT into polymer leads to a better electrical conductivity for the composite but also to an important solar absorptivity. Adding ITO nanoparticles to the polymer permits to increase the thermal emissivity and so to lower the thickness of coatings. ITO composites display good electrostatic discharge with low ITO concentrations. Zinc oxide particles do not permit to improve the electrical properties of composites
Magnant, Jérôme. "Composites fibreux denses à matrice céramique autocicatrisante élaborés par des procédés hybrides." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14105/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe fabrication of multidirectional continuous carbon fibers reinforced dense self healing Ceramic Matrix Composites by new short time hybrid processes was studied. The processes developed are based, first, on the deposition of fiber interphase and coating by chemical vapor infiltration, next, on the introduction of ceramic powders into the fibrous preform by Slurry Impregnation and, finally, on the densification of the composite by liquid-phase Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) or by Reactive Melt Infiltration of silicon (RMI).The homogeneous introduction of the ceramic particles into the multidirectional fiber preforms was realized by slurry impregnation from highly concentrated (> 32 %vol.) and well dispersed aqueous colloid suspensions. The densification of the composites by spark plasma sintering was possible with a short (< 5 minutes) dwelling period in temperature. The chemical degradation of the carbon fibers during the fabrication was prevented by adapting the sintering pressure cycle to inhibit gas evolution inside the system. The composites elaborated are dense. The fully densification of the composites by RMI was realised by carefully controlling the impregnation parameters to avoid to entrap some gaseous species inside the fiber preforms. Our carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites processed by Spark Plasma Sintering or Reactive Melt Infiltration have a damageable mechanical behaviour with a room temperature bending stress at failure around 300 MPa and have shown their ability to self-healing in oxidizing conditions. Compared to the CMC processed by CVI, the composites processed with a final consolidation step by RMI are fully dense and have a similar room temperature tensile test behaviour with an ultimate tensile stress around 220 MPa
Coulibaly, Moustapha. "Carbures nanocomposites issus de précurseurs sol-gel et impacts sur la sélectivité optique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS105/document.
Повний текст джерелаTransition metal carbides (MC) belong to the category refractory materials. They have an intrinsic optical selectivity, which is characterized by a high absorbance in the UV-visible region and a low emittance in the infrared range. This feature is at the origin of many studies on these materials where they were expected to play the role of absorber in an Concentrating Solar Power plant (CSP). However, given the operating temperatures of such devices (beyond 1000 ° C), the transition metal carbides have a major limitation related to their relatively low resistance to oxidation. The idea of this study is to associate such material to the silicon carbide (SiC), which currently is used as absorber in CSP systems due to its good thermomechanical properties and resistance to oxidation (up to 1400 ° C).Therefore, the first part of the experimental approach consisted in the identification among a series of carbides (HfC, ZrC and TiC) the one presenting the best characteristics in terms of optical selectivity. Then, in the second part of the study, many synthesis routes (molecular, semi-molecular and colloidal) implementing different metal precursors (alcooxydes and colloidal solution) and a carbon source (sugar) were studied according to their ability to conduct to SiC-MC type composites. The influence of the experimental parameters as well as the one of the chemical composition has been investigated. The aim was first to evaluate the ability of each synthesis routes to conduct to the expected phases and also their impact on the microstructure and the optical properties. These latter have been first studied on powders in order to discriminate the samples on the base of their compositions and then the analysis have been made on densified materials by HP or SPS.This research has permitted to conclude that the combination of a transition metal carbide with silicon carbide conduct to a composite MC-SiC presenting a certain spectral selectivity and that such a material could play the role of absorber in CSP system
Charifou, Romina. "Optimisation des propriétés barrière de matériaux polymères par association avec des composés inorganiques pour des applications biomédicales : influence des approches nanocomposites et dépôts de couches minces siliciées." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10263/document.
Повний текст джерелаDue to their good handling properties, potential transparency and low cost, polymers are key components for the biomedical industry. However, high barrier properties towards gases or vapors are required for packaging applications in order to retain the quality of the product. To achieve the improvements in barrier properties of polymers, two different ways based on the combination of an inorganic phase with the polymer material were studied. The aim was to establish Structure/Morphology/Properties relationships. Thin inorganic coatings deposited on polymer substrates are of particular interest for improving barrier properties. In the current work, thin transparent silicon based layers were deposited on flexible polymer films by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Monolayers (SiOx type and SiCH type) and piles with an alternation of these different monolayers were studied. The interest of multilayer barrier coatings was highlighted for higher barrier properties and resistance to solicitations such as thermal treatment or mechanical deformation. The second approach consisted in preparing poly(propylene) based nanocomposites with inorganic nanoparticles such as zinc oxide and layered double hydroxides. The transport properties of these materials depend on the quality of the filler dispersion in the polymer, but also on the interface between the fillers and the polymer matrix. Thus, the influence of a compatibilizer and of the nanoparticle surface modification was investigated on the properties of the nanocomposites
Sayah, Simon. "Impact de la formulation d'électrolytes sur les performances d'une électrode négative nanocomposite silicium-étain pour batteries Li-ion." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4025/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study focuses on new electrolytes and additives in order to improve the cyclability of a Si0.32Ni0.14Sn0.17Al0.04C0.35 negative composite electrode (Si-Sn) and to obtain a stable electrolyte|electrolyte interface. Indeed, like most silicon-based materials, this high-capacity Si-Sn composite (over 600 mA.hg-1) currently suffers from a short cycle life due to volume expansion during charge-discharge processes leading to the degradation of the SEI. To improve the quality of the interface, two kinds of electrolytes were evaluated: (i) mixtures of alkyl carbonates EC/PC/3DMC in which a lithium salt (LiPF6, LiTFSI, LiFSI or LiDFOB) and additives like SEI builder (vinylene carbonate (VC) or fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)) were added, (ii) ionic liquids (IL) based on quaternary ammonium (N1114+), imidazolium (EMI+) or pyrrolidinium (PYR+) cation, associated with delocalized charge anions such as bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-) or bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI-). The Walden diagram confirms the efficient dissociation of LiFSI and LiPF6 in EC/PC/3DM ensuring ionic conductivities as high as 12 mS.cm-1. Although possessing limited transport properties in such a ternary mixture compared to other salts, LiDFOB forms, without additional additives, an high quality SEI allowing the composite to provide the best performances in half cells (560 mA.hg-1 and 98.4% coulombic efficiency). The use of additive is however necessary to reach the objectives fixed by the ANR research project in terms of coulombic efficiency (>99.5%). In this case, the addition of 2%VC+10%FEC to the ternary mixture is the most interesting composition with LiPF6 as lithium salt. So, the Si-Sn nanocomposite material reaches 550 mA.h.g-1 during 100 cycles at C/5 with 99.8% efficiency. In IL, the best performances are achieved in [EMI][FSI]/LiFSI (1 mol.L-1). The performances of the Si-Sn composite reaches 635 mA.h.g-1 for 100 cycles at C/5 with coulombic efficiency close to 100%, without additives. This electrolyte formulation generates a stable SEI which the mainly mineral composition, is predominantly derived from the reduction products of FSI-
Cadra, Stéphane. "Réalisation et caractérisation d'aérogels organiques à fortes teneurs métalliques obtenus à partir d'un complexe de titane polymérisable." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4041/document.
Повний текст джерелаInertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) is a technique widely studied by the French atomic commission (CEA). Experiments will be performed within the Laser Megajoule (LMJ). They require innovative materials like organic aerogels that constitute laser targets. Such polymeric material must provide both a high porosity and a significant titanium percentage (1 atom %). Moreover, the monomers developed must be compatible with the synthesis procedure already in use. According to these specifications, a new polymerizable titanium complex was synthesized and fully characterized. This air and moisture-stable monomer provides a high metal percentage. Its free-radical cross-linked copolymerization affords several titanium-containing polymers. These gels were dried under supercritical conditions and organic aerogels were obtained. The chemical compositions of these materials were investigated by NMR, IR and elemental analysis while their structure was characterized by MEB-EDS, MET, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms measurements and SAXS. The data collected fit the specification requirements. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible of the foam nanostructure formation were discussed