Дисертації з теми "Matériaux – Effets des hautes températures – Modèles mathématiques"
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Dorgans, Céline. "Study of interactions between glass and tungsten during glass hot forming processes." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0022.
Повний текст джерелаDuring syringe hot forming, tungsten-glass interactions lead to oxidation and wear of the tungsten tool and contamination of the syringe by tungsten. Direct consequences are unwanted reactions with sensitive medicines I contained in the syringes. Oxidation and wear of the tungsten tool was studied in air and in glass at high temperature, during dedicated experiments and during the syringe forming process. Thanks to the understanding of these phenomena, solutions to avoid contamination of the syringe by tungsten were proposed
Hermouet, Fabien. "Développement d'une approche innovante de modélisation de la cinétique de décomposition thermique des matériaux solides en espaces confinés sous-ventilés. Application aux incendies en tunnel." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESMA0020/document.
Повний текст джерелаTunnel fires are severe phenomenon whose evolution, usually very fast, can lead to important damages to persons and properties. Tunnel fire safety is based on the use of empirical models, very simplified that describes the evolution of the fire kinetic. Nevertheless, these models does not take into account neither the type of material that are involved in the phenomenon, such as constitutive polymers of road vehicles nor their reactivity in solid phase (thermal decomposition). In order to provide an evolution of the fire description, function of the conditions usually encountered in a tunnel, a predictive model aiming to describe materials’ thermal decomposition has been developed. This mathematical model has been established on the basis of an experimental approach, at small scale, using the Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter coupled to a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. The thermal degradation of three different materials (Polyisocyanurate foam, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) has been thoroughly assessed function of key parameters that drives the decomposition process during fire: oxygen concentration and heat flux imposed to the materials. Obtained results for the three materials have then been used to construct multifactorial polynomial regressions, using the methodology known as surface response methodology. The model allows defining the response of the decomposition kinetics (explained variable), function of both the oxygen concentration and the heat flux received at the surface of the material (explanatory variable). Comparisons between numerical and experimental obtained results show the relevance of this approach
Mnif, Hassène. "Contribution à la modélisation des transistors bipolaires à hétérojonction Si/SiGe en température." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12786.
Повний текст джерелаThe consideration of the temperature and in particular of he self-heating effect in Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors is a fundamental aspect to predict in a precise way these electric characteristics. The use of these components in microwaves applications exposes to various tempertaures and strong densities of current, accentuates enormously these effects. Consequently, a precie modelling of these phenomena is necessary. A dynamic model describing the self-heatinng, characterized by a rise in the junction temperature, is developed. An electric equivalence close to the analytical model, compatible with SPICE electric models type, is established. A specific test bench is used in order to evaluate the new model and to extracts its parameters. In a second part, the temperature dependence of the various compact model parameters is studied, in particular in the HICUM model
Zhang, Yang. "Etude des conséquences mécaniques de la transformation de phase dans les réfractaires électrofondus à très haute teneur en zircone." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM035/document.
Повний текст джерелаFused-cast refractories, which are concerned by this work, belong to the alumina-zirconia-silica system. They are obtained by casting in molds at temperatures higher than 2000°C, that make very difficult any instrumentation. Many phenomena intrinsic to the material occur during cooling-down after casting. Among these latter, this research essentially focused on the phase transformation (from tetragonal to monoclinic) of zirconia and the associated phenomena (swelling, plasticity,...).From high temperature mechanical tests performed in laboratory, the thermal and mechanical behavior laws were characterized and modeled during the zirconia transformation. Plasticity at very low stress threshold was observed. A Leblond type model has been extended by introducing a Cam-clay yield function without consolidation. In this model, the progress of the transformation is controlled by the evolution of the temperature. This model was complemented by other components of the mechanical behavior (creep, elasticity, ...). It has been validated by experimental tests under multiaxial loadings that replicate the main thermomechanical phenomena observed during cooling.In parallel, blocks casted in laboratory conditions, instrumented with thermocouples and acoustic emission sensors, allowed a numerical simulation of the change in temperature field within the block during cooling-down. This simulation took into account the solidification enthalpy and the enthalpy associated to the phase transformation, previously quantified by DTA. The implementation of the complete mechanical model integrating all the behavior components led to a calculation of the stress field changes generated by thermal gradients as a function of time and, in particular, to highlight the essential role played by the phase transformation on stress relaxation
Dejaeghere, Laurent. "Méthode de mesure par pyrométrie multispectrale et développement d'un dispositif à hautes températures." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS406/document.
Повний текст джерелаWelding simulation can be improved by a better knowledge of molten metals thermophysical properties. This improvement requires characterization using a very high temperature apparatus. After portraying a state of the art on characterization technics adapted to this temperature range (chapter 1), this manuscript details works, principally experimental, dedicated to the developments of a device able to heat metals up to 2 500 °C (chapters 3 and 4) and of a five wavelengths pyrometer in order to measure this temperature (chapters 2, 4 and 5). The device heats by induction a graphite tower, the crucible being placed at its center, and has been dimensioned by a magneto-thermal 2D axisymmetric simulation using the Comsol Multiphysics® software. In parallel, the pyrometer has been developed in order to measure both temperature and emissivity. In the absence of a high temperature blackbody, several experiments were carried out for the calibration of it; they were based on the use of the luminance of pure metals at their melting point. In order to cover the largest temperature range possible, chosen metals were iron, chromium, and even niobium. These experiments showed the efficiency of the pyrometer and the maximal ability of the high temperature device during the niobium melting around 2 500 °C. Finally, the pyrometer has been used on an arc welding process, in which temperature has been evaluated over a 1 000 °C – 2 500 °C temperature range
Lambert, Yannick. "Etude de films nanocomposites LiIO3/Laponite pour l'optique guidée et l'optique non linéaire." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS002.
Повний текст джерелаThis study takes place in the context of new low-cost materials development for non-linear optics. Thus, we have developed a nanocomposite approach based on Laponite/ LilO3 films. These films were realized with a derivating sol-gel technology and annealed to induce LilO3 crystallisation, an optically nonlinear material, and shown good potentials due to the high concentration of nanocrystals. Moreover, the possibility of controlling the nanocrystal orientation using an electric field during the annealing process allows to obtain a material with non-linear optical properties comparable to usual materials in this domain. During this work, we first refined the structure model of composite films by highlighting the absence of LilO3 intercallation between Laponite sheets. Thereafter, we optimized the process of film coating. In particular, we have improved its reproducibility by determining the main parameters involved in the process : pH, viscosity, annealing temperature, Corona electric field. In addition, we showed that aging, which is an important limitation of this process, can be slowed by a protective film coating. Finally, we could define a set of criteria to realize nanocomposite coatings with efficient optical properties. In the second part, we characterized and modelized linear and non linear optical properties of nanocomposite Laponite/ LilO3 films. We linked these properties to the structure of the films, and we observed the influence of the orientation distribution of the nanocrystals in the Laponite matrix on the waveguiding and non linear optical properties. Thus suitable models for composite materials are proposed. They allow the interpretation of experimental results and the evaluation of refraction indices and of non linear optical properties for such materials
Gaimes, Nabil. "Etude de la dynamique vibrationnelle des milieux désordonnés par diffusion inélastique de la lumière : application à des verres stabilisés à différentes températures." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20225.
Повний текст джерелаBriche, Élodie. "Changement climatique dans le vignoble de Champagne : modélisation thermique à plusieurs échelles spatio-temporelles." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070075.
Повний текст джерелаGlobal climatic change has already consequences on viticulture Worldwide and these modifications imply some questions about future. Evaluation of possible modifications in Champagne vineyard is necessary in terms of thermal extremes for vineyard as spring frost during budbreak and heat-waves. Indeed temperature influences phenological cycle and earlier phenological stages have already been observed. This vineyard is particularly interesting to study because of its northern location and thanks to a large network of weather stations since 20 years. To establish a prospective of thermal possible conditions, data of French climate models LMD and ARPEGE-Climate model, respectively at 300 km and 50 km of resolution, are validated and analyzed on a control period (1950 to 2000). They are also used to give an overview of bioclimatic and thermal future conditions (2001 to 2100) with three scenarios, currently used (A1B, Bl and A2). The control period shows cold biases within statistical distributions of climate models data in spring and summer, in terms of extremes frequencies estimation and better results with ARPEGE climate model. Data of this model are used to assess thermal and bioclimatic futures conditions. Summer extremes could increase in the future while cold spring extremes could decrease during budbreak. Budbreak could be earlier and spring cold extremes in Mardi could cause more severe frost of buds. Regional analysis is completed by a local analysis with RAMS meso-scale model, which downscales simulations at a resolution of 200m, taking into account local factors. The validation modeling is proceeded during the 2003 extreme climatic events (late spring frost and summer heat wave), this year is considered as exceptional and representative of the "future climate" which caused buds frost and berries warming. Simulated temperatures (200 m) for the Champagne vineyard were compared to recorded temperatures by weather stations located within the vineyards. The model reproduced the diurnal cycle of temperatures correctly with biases more or less marked depending dates
Menigault, Jean. "Influence de la vitesse de déformation sur le comportement cyclique à haute température d'un superalliage à base de nickel." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD122.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Corre Benjamin. "Thermoformage du verre - Développement numérique d'un modèle thermomécanique." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975511.
Повний текст джерелаTranchard, Pauline. "Modelling the behaviour of a carbon/epoxy composite submitted to fire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10182.
Повний текст джерелаRare event, an aircraft in fire can lead to disastrous consequences for the integrity of the plane and its passengers. The aircraft are thus dimensioned in order to comply with the large number of requirements defined by the certification Authorities. The respect of these standards has to be demonstrated via certification tests on structure panels of reduced size using standardized burners. In a virtual testing approach, the development of predictive tools of the thermomechanical behaviour of the composite exposed to fire is an ambitious objective and very promising. With regards to the complexity of the many physical phenomena involved in the combustion process (thermodegradation, out-gassing, ignition of gases, erosion, etc.), an incremental modelling methodology has been followed starting with basic model to finally succeed to develop a 3D model of the thermochemical behaviour of the T700/M21 composite exposed to fire. This model is based on a phenomenological study of the behaviour of the composite using a novel versatile fire test which was developed in a totally controlled way. In addition, all inputs are obtained from measurements of thermophysical properties using existing and innovative characterisation methods. In fine, the comparison of the measured temperature profiles and the mass loss of the composite with the numerical results show the capability of the model to predict the fire behaviour of the material
Arnoux, Michaël. "Etude du comportement en fluage à haute température du superalliage monocristallin à base de nickel MCNG : Effet d'une surchauffe." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00445811.
Повний текст джерелаAzzam, Ahmad. "Microstructure et cinétique de précipitation dans des superalliages modèles CoAlW." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR130/document.
Повний текст джерелаSuperalloys are key material in aerospace industry. These materials are used to manufacturing the high temperature part of aeroengines. Currently Ni-based superalloys are the most widely used materials for high temperature applications. Researches for a new generation of superalloys with better properties have lead in 2006 to the discovery of a new stable L12 ordered, Co3(Al,W) phase embedded in the disordered γ-Co solid-solution matrix. This work aims to study the evolution of the microstructure at 900 °C and understanding the mechanism of dissolution and transformation of the γ' phase. Three different alloys with different Al/W ratios are studied here. TEM and MEB analyses are carried out on samples aged at 900 °C forvarious time. We show that γ' is a metastable phase and it dissolves in favor of B2-CoAl and D019-Co3W phases. Moreover, we highlight a mechanism of dissolution by fragmentation along the {111} close packed planes and stacking faults giving rise to D019 phase. We also study the kinetics of precipitation in the low supersaturated alloys.The early stages of precipitation of the γ' phase in a model Co based superalloy have been investigated at 900 °C using electron microscopy and atom probe tomography in the low supersaturated alloys. Nucleation, growth and coarsening stages have been studied with a focus on the temporal evolution of the precipitate composition in the light of recent theoretical developments on phase separation in multicomponent alloys. The experimental data have been confronted to the theories of nucleation and coarsening recently developed for such alloys, which are valid for non-ideal and non-dilute systems, and predict the temporal evolution of both the matrix and precipitate compositions. The rate constant for the mean size evolution of the particles, as derived from experiments, has been compared to the one predicted by the mentioned coarsening theory that accounts for a more accurate description of the thermodynamics of the phases, as compared with more classical approaches. From this comparison the γ/γ' interfacialenergy was derived and found to range between 30 and 48 mJ/m2. The exponents for the temporal evolution of average particles size, number of particles per unit volume were found identical to those for binary alloys during the coarsening regime, as expected, and the temporal evolutions of compositions in both γ and γ' phases were found to evolve as predictedby theory. Indeed, the W content in the particles, measured from atom probe tomography (APT) experiments, was found to significantly decrease with time and the observed evolution is remarkably well described by the theory and therefore is shown to originate from the competition between diffusion and capillarity
Masri, Moustafa. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation numérique du comportement thermomécanique à haute température de l’argilite de Tournemire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10079/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe proposed, in this work, an experimental and numerical study of mechanical behavior of shale rocks subjected to mechanical and thermal loads.In the petroleum industry, during the production of heavy oil with the technique of steam water injection at high temperature, the cap rocks are subjected to coupled thermal and hydro-mechanical solicitations. The challenge is to study the hydro-mechanical behavior of these materials subject to large variations in temperature in order to assess the mechanical stability of the reservoir. The experimental study includes the modifications in a triaxial cell in ordre to support a high temperature (250° C). These modifications are very important for hydrostatic, uniaxial and triaxial tests, all these tests are used to obtain an experimental data base characterizing the thermal effect on the mechanical behavior of shale rocks.The modeling framework is proposed at first to describe the mechanical behavior of shale rock in isotropic case. After a detailed analysis of experimental data obtained in the experimental section, a specific coupled elastoplastic-damage model has been developed to describe the mechanical behavior of these shale materials. The effect of temperature is taken into account and a comparison between numerical simulations and experimental data have shown the ability of the proposed model for the description of thermo mechanical coupling. To describe the behavior of anisotropic rocks, we have proposed an extension of the fabric tensor model to present the initial anisotropy of shale rock. This formulation is expressed in terms of invariant stress tensor coupled with loading orientation. Laboratory tests under different stress paths were modeled, the proposed model seems able to describe correctly the main mechanical responses of shale materials
Castro, Lopez William Camilo. "Modélisation du comportement diffuso-mécanique d'un polymère semi-cristallin sous pression d'eau." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESMA0010.
Повний текст джерелаComprehension of the hydro-mechanical coupling affecting the mechanical behavior of a semicrystalline polymer (SCP) under high water pressure was the motivation of this research work.In order to describe the water diffusion phenomenon and its impact on the mechanical behavior of the SCP when multiaxial stresses are applied, the effect of the microstructure on the diffuso-mechanical behavior of the polymer was considered for modeling. A constitutive model including void nucleation and growth induced by large strains, and a dependence of the macroscopic mechanical behavior on hydrostatic pressure, is then coupled with a sorption model depending on the microstructure of the polymer.A multiphase representation at two scales is considered: at a ‘macroscopic’ scale, the cavitated SCP under water pressure is considered to be a saturated porous medium with the SCP as the solid phase, and the water saturating the voids as the fluid phase.At a lower scale, the viscoplastic behavior of the SCP has been modeled from the thermodynamics of porous media based on a meso-scale representation of its microstructure with the crystalline lamellae interacting with the free amorphous.The coupled model was implemented into a finite elements code. The simulation results demonstrate the potential of the proposed model, in particular its capability to take into account coupling phenomena between the microstructure of the material, species diffusion and the local state of stresses and strains which contributes to the comprehension of experimental observations
Gillard, Adrien. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement thermomécanique d'un composite 3D carbone/carbone : étude du comportement aux interfaces à haute température." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0021/document.
Повний текст джерелаC/C composites are used as shield for aerospace applications since they display beneficial thermo-mechanical properties at high temperature, as well as high resistance to ablation. Though the macro-scale behavior was thoroughly studied in the past, no model can efficiently tie the properties of the constituents at the meso-scale to the effective macroscopic behavior. In addition, the phenomenological models proposed so far cannot predict a change in the composition. Besides, the interfaces influence on the out-of-axis mechanical behavior of the composite is yet to be evaluated. Thus, the goal of this work is to build a multi-scale model for the thermo-mechanical behavior of a 3D C/C, with a particular focus on the interfacial properties and its evolution with temperature. This study is based on the morphological and thermo-mechanical characterization of the material and its constituents. An original push-out test device has been developed to conduct high-temperature interfacial characterization at two scales (yarn/yarn and fiber/matrix interfaces). Collected experimental data were used for modeling purposes at the meso-scale. A cohesive zone model has been developed to take into account the specific behavior of the interfaces. Finite element simulations were successfully performed to reproduce the non-linear behavior of the material including the effective properties evolution with temperature. This model allowed to effectively link the damage mechanisms observed atthe lower scale to the 3D C/C macro-scale behavior
Steckmeyer, Antonin. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement mécanique à haute température des aciers ferritiques renforcés par dispersion d'oxydes." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00819136.
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