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Дисертації з теми "Matériaux – Effets des hautes températures – Modèles mathématiques"
Dorgans, Céline. "Study of interactions between glass and tungsten during glass hot forming processes." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0022.
Повний текст джерелаDuring syringe hot forming, tungsten-glass interactions lead to oxidation and wear of the tungsten tool and contamination of the syringe by tungsten. Direct consequences are unwanted reactions with sensitive medicines I contained in the syringes. Oxidation and wear of the tungsten tool was studied in air and in glass at high temperature, during dedicated experiments and during the syringe forming process. Thanks to the understanding of these phenomena, solutions to avoid contamination of the syringe by tungsten were proposed
Hermouet, Fabien. "Développement d'une approche innovante de modélisation de la cinétique de décomposition thermique des matériaux solides en espaces confinés sous-ventilés. Application aux incendies en tunnel." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESMA0020/document.
Повний текст джерелаTunnel fires are severe phenomenon whose evolution, usually very fast, can lead to important damages to persons and properties. Tunnel fire safety is based on the use of empirical models, very simplified that describes the evolution of the fire kinetic. Nevertheless, these models does not take into account neither the type of material that are involved in the phenomenon, such as constitutive polymers of road vehicles nor their reactivity in solid phase (thermal decomposition). In order to provide an evolution of the fire description, function of the conditions usually encountered in a tunnel, a predictive model aiming to describe materials’ thermal decomposition has been developed. This mathematical model has been established on the basis of an experimental approach, at small scale, using the Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter coupled to a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. The thermal degradation of three different materials (Polyisocyanurate foam, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) has been thoroughly assessed function of key parameters that drives the decomposition process during fire: oxygen concentration and heat flux imposed to the materials. Obtained results for the three materials have then been used to construct multifactorial polynomial regressions, using the methodology known as surface response methodology. The model allows defining the response of the decomposition kinetics (explained variable), function of both the oxygen concentration and the heat flux received at the surface of the material (explanatory variable). Comparisons between numerical and experimental obtained results show the relevance of this approach
Mnif, Hassène. "Contribution à la modélisation des transistors bipolaires à hétérojonction Si/SiGe en température." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12786.
Повний текст джерелаThe consideration of the temperature and in particular of he self-heating effect in Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors is a fundamental aspect to predict in a precise way these electric characteristics. The use of these components in microwaves applications exposes to various tempertaures and strong densities of current, accentuates enormously these effects. Consequently, a precie modelling of these phenomena is necessary. A dynamic model describing the self-heatinng, characterized by a rise in the junction temperature, is developed. An electric equivalence close to the analytical model, compatible with SPICE electric models type, is established. A specific test bench is used in order to evaluate the new model and to extracts its parameters. In a second part, the temperature dependence of the various compact model parameters is studied, in particular in the HICUM model
Zhang, Yang. "Etude des conséquences mécaniques de la transformation de phase dans les réfractaires électrofondus à très haute teneur en zircone." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM035/document.
Повний текст джерелаFused-cast refractories, which are concerned by this work, belong to the alumina-zirconia-silica system. They are obtained by casting in molds at temperatures higher than 2000°C, that make very difficult any instrumentation. Many phenomena intrinsic to the material occur during cooling-down after casting. Among these latter, this research essentially focused on the phase transformation (from tetragonal to monoclinic) of zirconia and the associated phenomena (swelling, plasticity,...).From high temperature mechanical tests performed in laboratory, the thermal and mechanical behavior laws were characterized and modeled during the zirconia transformation. Plasticity at very low stress threshold was observed. A Leblond type model has been extended by introducing a Cam-clay yield function without consolidation. In this model, the progress of the transformation is controlled by the evolution of the temperature. This model was complemented by other components of the mechanical behavior (creep, elasticity, ...). It has been validated by experimental tests under multiaxial loadings that replicate the main thermomechanical phenomena observed during cooling.In parallel, blocks casted in laboratory conditions, instrumented with thermocouples and acoustic emission sensors, allowed a numerical simulation of the change in temperature field within the block during cooling-down. This simulation took into account the solidification enthalpy and the enthalpy associated to the phase transformation, previously quantified by DTA. The implementation of the complete mechanical model integrating all the behavior components led to a calculation of the stress field changes generated by thermal gradients as a function of time and, in particular, to highlight the essential role played by the phase transformation on stress relaxation
Dejaeghere, Laurent. "Méthode de mesure par pyrométrie multispectrale et développement d'un dispositif à hautes températures." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS406/document.
Повний текст джерелаWelding simulation can be improved by a better knowledge of molten metals thermophysical properties. This improvement requires characterization using a very high temperature apparatus. After portraying a state of the art on characterization technics adapted to this temperature range (chapter 1), this manuscript details works, principally experimental, dedicated to the developments of a device able to heat metals up to 2 500 °C (chapters 3 and 4) and of a five wavelengths pyrometer in order to measure this temperature (chapters 2, 4 and 5). The device heats by induction a graphite tower, the crucible being placed at its center, and has been dimensioned by a magneto-thermal 2D axisymmetric simulation using the Comsol Multiphysics® software. In parallel, the pyrometer has been developed in order to measure both temperature and emissivity. In the absence of a high temperature blackbody, several experiments were carried out for the calibration of it; they were based on the use of the luminance of pure metals at their melting point. In order to cover the largest temperature range possible, chosen metals were iron, chromium, and even niobium. These experiments showed the efficiency of the pyrometer and the maximal ability of the high temperature device during the niobium melting around 2 500 °C. Finally, the pyrometer has been used on an arc welding process, in which temperature has been evaluated over a 1 000 °C – 2 500 °C temperature range
Lambert, Yannick. "Etude de films nanocomposites LiIO3/Laponite pour l'optique guidée et l'optique non linéaire." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS002.
Повний текст джерелаThis study takes place in the context of new low-cost materials development for non-linear optics. Thus, we have developed a nanocomposite approach based on Laponite/ LilO3 films. These films were realized with a derivating sol-gel technology and annealed to induce LilO3 crystallisation, an optically nonlinear material, and shown good potentials due to the high concentration of nanocrystals. Moreover, the possibility of controlling the nanocrystal orientation using an electric field during the annealing process allows to obtain a material with non-linear optical properties comparable to usual materials in this domain. During this work, we first refined the structure model of composite films by highlighting the absence of LilO3 intercallation between Laponite sheets. Thereafter, we optimized the process of film coating. In particular, we have improved its reproducibility by determining the main parameters involved in the process : pH, viscosity, annealing temperature, Corona electric field. In addition, we showed that aging, which is an important limitation of this process, can be slowed by a protective film coating. Finally, we could define a set of criteria to realize nanocomposite coatings with efficient optical properties. In the second part, we characterized and modelized linear and non linear optical properties of nanocomposite Laponite/ LilO3 films. We linked these properties to the structure of the films, and we observed the influence of the orientation distribution of the nanocrystals in the Laponite matrix on the waveguiding and non linear optical properties. Thus suitable models for composite materials are proposed. They allow the interpretation of experimental results and the evaluation of refraction indices and of non linear optical properties for such materials
Gaimes, Nabil. "Etude de la dynamique vibrationnelle des milieux désordonnés par diffusion inélastique de la lumière : application à des verres stabilisés à différentes températures." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20225.
Повний текст джерелаBriche, Élodie. "Changement climatique dans le vignoble de Champagne : modélisation thermique à plusieurs échelles spatio-temporelles." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070075.
Повний текст джерелаGlobal climatic change has already consequences on viticulture Worldwide and these modifications imply some questions about future. Evaluation of possible modifications in Champagne vineyard is necessary in terms of thermal extremes for vineyard as spring frost during budbreak and heat-waves. Indeed temperature influences phenological cycle and earlier phenological stages have already been observed. This vineyard is particularly interesting to study because of its northern location and thanks to a large network of weather stations since 20 years. To establish a prospective of thermal possible conditions, data of French climate models LMD and ARPEGE-Climate model, respectively at 300 km and 50 km of resolution, are validated and analyzed on a control period (1950 to 2000). They are also used to give an overview of bioclimatic and thermal future conditions (2001 to 2100) with three scenarios, currently used (A1B, Bl and A2). The control period shows cold biases within statistical distributions of climate models data in spring and summer, in terms of extremes frequencies estimation and better results with ARPEGE climate model. Data of this model are used to assess thermal and bioclimatic futures conditions. Summer extremes could increase in the future while cold spring extremes could decrease during budbreak. Budbreak could be earlier and spring cold extremes in Mardi could cause more severe frost of buds. Regional analysis is completed by a local analysis with RAMS meso-scale model, which downscales simulations at a resolution of 200m, taking into account local factors. The validation modeling is proceeded during the 2003 extreme climatic events (late spring frost and summer heat wave), this year is considered as exceptional and representative of the "future climate" which caused buds frost and berries warming. Simulated temperatures (200 m) for the Champagne vineyard were compared to recorded temperatures by weather stations located within the vineyards. The model reproduced the diurnal cycle of temperatures correctly with biases more or less marked depending dates
Menigault, Jean. "Influence de la vitesse de déformation sur le comportement cyclique à haute température d'un superalliage à base de nickel." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD122.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Corre Benjamin. "Thermoformage du verre - Développement numérique d'un modèle thermomécanique." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975511.
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