Дисертації з теми "Matériaux dangereux"
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Mellak, Abderrahmane. "Faisabilité des coulis de ciment saumurés et microsilicés adaptés aux formations salifères : application au domaine pétrolier et au stochage des déchets radioactifs." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR30004.
Ouimet, Nicole. "Etudes en vue de la mise au point d'une chaîne de traitements de matériaux souillés par des goudrons issus de la pyrolyse de la houille." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0047.
France, as all industrialized countries, has on its territory many potentially contaminated sites containing coal-tar materials from past industrial activities. Specific remediation technologies have been developed, mainly in North America. Existing treatment technologies include thermal processes (incineration, desorption, vapor extraction. . . ), physical methods (such as solidification/stabilization, vitrification. . . ), chemical methods (extraction, washing) and biological processes to a lower extent. A non-destructive remediation process has been developed here to reduce the overall mass of contaminated materials to be incinerated. In a first step, laboratory feasibility studies have been conducted on coal-tar contaminated rubbles. A specific extraction-washing treatment chain has been developed, with the selection of an appropriate organic solvent for the extraction phase and a detergent for the washing phase of the process. Laboratory results being promising, the next step was to test the process at the pilot and industrial scales. Approximately 600 m3 of coal-tar contaminated rubbles from a mixture of various demolition materials were treated. The process included complete excavation of the rubbles contaminated with coal tar, contaminant extraction and washing to achieve specified cleanup levels for organic contaminants. Hence the extraction-washing process was able to significantly diminish most of the contamination associated with PAH, phenols, inorganic nitrogen compounds and total cyanides in the rubbles. Furthermore, the industrial scale data showed a significant total mass reduction of contaminated materials to be incinerated since the treated rubbles were disposed off on the site. In the third step of our study, experiments at the laboratory-scale were conducted in order to improve the process and reduce the amount of byproducts generated during treatment and requiring offsite disposal. Studies were performed on the biological treatment of the waste water containing complex organic pollutants such as phenolic compounds, on the mass reduction of wastes smaller than 10 mm with screening tests, and on the solidification/stabilization trials of other solid contaminated byproducts. The process should be now tested on other sites with rubbles contaminated with coal-tar having different physico-chemical characteristics
Hammoud, Ola. "Caractérisation, prétraitement et valorisation dans un béton prêt à l'emploi de Mâchefers d'Incinération de Déchets Non Dangereux (MIDND)." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI039.
Valorisation of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSWI-BA) in building materials in order to reduce their expansive storage in technical burying center and preserve the natural ressources constitutes a challenge. A hindrance of this valorisation is the pollutant potential of metals (especially mineral traces elements MTE) and anions likely to be released in use scenarios. This thesis evaluates the impact of incorporation of MSWI-BA into ready-mix concrete formulation. It helps to improve the understanding of MTE and anions behaviour in different leaching conditions and to find adequate solutions to limit their mobility. The first part presents the technical and environmental performances of ready-mix concrete formulated by partially replacing of the natural aggregates with different size fractions of BA incorporated at different substitution rates. The results demonstrate that the environmental performances of the scenario comply with the regulatory requirements of the Netherlands. On the other hand, the compressive strength is reduced by half compared to the standard formulation. Pretreatment of MSWI-BA could improve the mechanical performances. The second part describes the influence of thermal and chemical pretreatments on the mobility of MTE. The results show that the efficiency of the thermal treatment depends on the temperature and the target element. Optimised chemical treatment used in this study appears to be more effective. The third part, dedicated to the geochemical modeling of BA behaviour in leaching scenarios, allowed us to identify the mineralogical phases that control the mobility of MTE. It shows that the majority phases impose the parameters of the solution such as the pH and consequently, influences on the release of the MTE. This knowledge facilitates the definition of the possible pretreatments to be applied on the MSWI-BA before its valorisation
Barbalho, Thiago Jobson. "Ρrοblems, mοdels and methοds fοr risk reductiοn after industrial disasters invοlving dangerοus substances". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH02.
In Europe, more than 250 major accidents involving industrial sites under the Seveso Directive have been reported since 2010. Despite regulations in place to prevent such accidents and minimize their impact, managing risk after these disasters remains a complex challenge. Once an industrial disaster occurs, preliminary on-the-ground information is collected to determine the extent of the accident, and operational decisions need to be made based on the hazardous nature of the products involved and the extent of the affected area. In this thesis, we delve into the realm of complex scheduling problems closely linked to risk factors arising from the treatment (cleaning or neutralizing) of hazardous substances accidentally released by industrial sources. The primary objective is to develop effective optimization models and solutions addressing the challenges faced by industries and logistical operations. We propose new optimization problems to establish a framework for scheduling on-site operations to either clean or neutralize potential hazards. We present mathematical formulations and an Iterated Local Search metaheuristic. The methods were applied to solve various problem scenarios, and we investigate their numerical results and their applicability to realistic situations
Minane, Jacques Rémy. "Contribution à l’élaboration de sables de mâchefers améliorés en vue d’une valorisation dans la formulation de matériaux cimentaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10133/document.
This doctoral study focuses on granular mineral wastes from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash. This research is aiming to elaborate upgraded mineral sands fractions in comparison to standard MSWI bottom ash thanks to its beneficial use in cementitious materials. In the first step, a new methodology is proposed for dry separation of MSWI bottom ash in order to better recover ferrous and non-ferrous metals from the sands fractions and obtain an improved mineral sand fraction at the same time. This proposed methodology is composed of grinding of 0-20 mm input bottom ash fraction through BHS crushers. Subsequently, the main sand fraction (0-4 mm) is processed through magnetic drums and the innovative non-ferrous metal separator NES 4T of STEINERT process. In the second step, physical, chemical, mineralogical and environmental characterizations have been performed on untreated and treated sands fractions. The third step of this research focuses on beneficial use of the 0-2 mm granular fraction in cementitious materials, that is considered most problematic of MSWI bottom ash fractions. The standardized reference sand is replaced in volume for the partial substitution (50% and 75%) and total substitution (100%) by 0-2 mm upgraded mineral fractions in the mortar preparation. Physical, mechanical and environmental characterization have been performed on cement mortar up to 180 days of moist curing. Compressive strengths of mortar containing upgraded bottom ash are promising. Finally, a mechanical characterization on hardened cement paste has been performed as well on mortar containing upgraded bottom ash fractions through indentation technique in order to determine the modulus of elasticity and hardness
Le, Rouzic Mathieu. "Étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques des matériaux cimentaires à base d’oxyde de magnésium." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1082/document.
Magnesium phosphate cements are the most representative cements of the activated-by-acid cements family. Despite the fact that they are known since the early 20th century, their use in civil engineering is fairly limited. These materials are used for road repairs where the fast compressive strength development is an advantage. Recently they have also been used in wastes stabilization/solidification (S/S), especially with wastes incompatible with Portland cement. The challenges of the use of these cements are related to the nature of their formation reaction: fast, very exothermic, with a very short setting time (only a few minutes).The bonding phase, k-struvite (MgKPO4.6H2O), is obtained from magnesium oxide mixed in water with monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4).MgO + KH2PO4 + 5H2O MgKPO4.6H2OThe setting mechanisms are still poorly known and various theories, involving or not secondary product formation, have been suggested. Our researches have aimed to understand the setting mechanisms, as well as the influence of the formulation parameters on the properties of the magnesium phosphate cement. Results show that the formation of k-struvite involved a precipitation-dissolution reaction of an intermediate product, the newberyite (MgHPO4.3H2O). Formation reactions of these two products are controlled by the supersaturation rate and the pH of the solution. The study highlights the strong effect of water on the properties of fresh cement paste. With a low mass ratio e/c in comparison of Portland cement (ratio e/c between 0,1 and 0,25), a slight modification of the ratio (0,02) leads to a segregation and a surface heterogeneity of the cement paste. Among the formulation parameters, the molar ratio MgO/KH2PO4 (Mg/P) seems the most important parameter. Indeed, it impacts most of the properties of the magnesium phosphate cement (compressive strength, setting time, reaction heat, paste fluidity …). Low Mg/P ratios lead to poor water resistance, to crystals formation inside the microstructure that can be seen on the surface of the sample (an efflorescence appearance), and to important swelling of the paste, leading to the cracking of the samples. After the parametric study, a magnesium phosphate cement paste has been defined. Dimensional changes and chemical shrinkage measurement were conducted to understand the mechanisms involved in this swelling phenomenon. In support, microstructural analyses (SEM, XRD, TGA) and leaching tests complete the experimental campaign. The results confirm the influence of a low Mg/P ratio on cement swelling and water resistance. Finally, a study on various additions to the paste has been conducted, with the purpose of improving the cement paste performances. It shows that the addition of an inert filler (siliceous sand or fly ashes) has a retarding effect and reduced the reaction heat
Boucard, Linda. "Etude experimentale : valorisation de sediments fluviaux stabilises." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECLI0002.
The river transport is a major stake for the development of the human societies. It generates employment, unblocks the road traffic and contributes to the sustainable development. The silting of the inland waterways makes necessary and compulsory their maintenance. The absence of clearing out of the sediments accentuates the risks of flood, involves a river traffic restraint going until the complete inactivity of certain water ways, causing deviations and the fall of competitivity for a whole sector. The extraction of the sediments is not systematic because it raises problems of an ecological, political and financial nature. The important volume of sediments polluted (heavy metals, organic matter. . . ) to dredge requires an assumption of responsibility, currently, unsuitable or non-existent. Our samples were treated so that heavy metals are stabilized there. After a study of the various solutions and existing treatments, we worked in partnership with the company SOLVAY which developed the chemical process NOVOSOL® based on phosphoric acid. The valorisation of these new stabilized products was the objective of this work of thesis. After an environmental and mineral characterization of the sediments before and after treatment, we worked out and characterized new building materials containing stabilized river sediments. The applications were limited to compressed elements and concretes. These first tracks of valorisation offer attractive and evolutionary prospects thanks to the acquired lesson, with the improvement of methodology, a better control of materials and of their implementation
Antoun, Marc. "Vers une meilleure compatibilité ciment/mâchefer (MIDND) dans la formulation de matériaux cimentaires intégrant un ciment sulfo-alumineux." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MTLD0002.
In a world where circular economy and the valorization of raw materials is taking a greater importance, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash is identified as potentially renewable resource in the construction field and more specifically in cementitious materials like mortar and concrete. Given the origin of the bottom ash and in order to have a better cement/MSWI bottom ash compatibility, the fraction used was as refined as possible by removing ferrous, non-ferrous and unwanted materials. The choice of the cement used is a critical factor as well because it affects the quality of the end product since MSWI bottom ash has particular physicochemical properties. The work in this PhD studies the advantages of using a sulfo-aluminate cement to valorize an improved 0/2 mm fraction of bottom ash that has been developed to be used in cementitious matrices. The first part presents the results of the mortar sample mixes containing bottom ash in a substitution by volume of the standard sand. To better highlight the effect of using a sulfo-aluminate (CSA), CSA mortars containing bottom ash were compared to a Portland cement (OPC) mortars, with substitution rates of 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % were used. A study of the porosity was then conducted at 90 days ; it shows that the pores larger to 50 nm are remarkably less present for CSA mortars. This thesis brings forward a major and innovative result : the level of alkalinity of the mortar plays an important role in the release of hydrogen gas after mixing and before setting. The presence of these gases creates large porosity in the hardened mortar samples. The second part studies the physical and microstructural aspects of the mortars after being immersed in aggressive environments : pure water and sulfate solution. The substitution rates used in this experiment were 50 % and 100 % by volume as well as the reference mortars with no bottom ash. These samples were then studied in the SEM which showed that CSA/bottom ash mortars were clearly less affected than the OPC/bottom ash mortars. This was highlighted by the porosity, the cracking and the depth of degraded zone
Sow, Libasse. "Approche couplée expérimentation - modélisation multi-échelle pour la détermination du comportement mécanique des graves routières traitées aux liants : Application à la valorisation des Mâchefers d'Incinération de Déchêts Non Dangereux." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0001/document.
In this work, the feasibility of a valorisation in road engineering of non-hazardous waste incineration bottom ash aggregates (NHWI) is investigated. This study is first based on an experimental determination of the elastic properties of the bottom ash particles. These properties serve as input data for hierarchical multi-scale modelling developed to study the mechanical behaviour of aggregates treated with binders (cement and bitumen). The original experimental campaign on the bottom ash particles allowed them to be mapped to the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). For the particles, a mean reduced modulus of elasticity in between 15 and 68 GPa was found by means of indentation tests and applying the "Olivier and Phan method. The chemical analysis of the aggregates was obtained using qualitative point chemical analyzes (OHS). Based on a 0/25 particle size distribution of NHWI, which was the subject of an experimental study [BEC 07] , we have implemented two 30 models < road materials treated with binders in Representative Elementary Volumes (REV). These models are based on a hierarchical multi-scale modelling strategy. Two types of binder are studied: cement CEM I 42.5 R and bitumen of [NGU 08]. For both types of binder, the treated aggregates we divided into two REV, at respectively the sub-mesoscale (0/6 mm) and the mesoscale (6/25 mm). An application to the valorisation of NHWI bottom ashes in road engineering is studied in both cases. With a 3% cement treatment, a numerical simulation campaign "Virtual Laboratory" was conducted. At the sub-mesoscale, the input parameters for the Concrete Damaged Plasticity Model used at the mesoscale are determined. At the mesoscale, the mechanical characteristics of the road materials usually determined through experiments have been found. The developed simulation strategy has been validated by comparing our numerical results and son experimental results of [BEC 07]. With a 5% bitumen treatment, stress relaxation tests carried out at the two scales enable one to obtain the thermo-rheological properties of the Bitumen Bound Gravel. These properties are the Prony series at a reference temperature of 0°C and the Williams-Landei- Ferry (WLF) law constants. Prony series are obtained by means of standardized elastic moduli. The obtained WLF law constants are Cl = 20 °C-1 and C2 = 130 °C. The numeric simulations have been validated by comparing the responses of heterogeneous and corresponding homogeneous materials
Ngenda, Banka Richard. "Etude de valorisation des rejets des usines à zinc de Kolwezi, République démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210144.
A l’aide des techniques modernes de caractérisation (physico–chimique, minéralogique et morphologique), nous sommes arrivés à cibler, à adapter et à justifier l’utilisation d’une technique de valorisation des matières minérales existantes. Les minéraux utiles contenus dans les rejets UZK ont été sulfatés par digestion et sélectivement mis en solution après un grillage. La sulfatation s’est avérée l’étape déterminante du procédé et un intérêt particulier a été focalisé sur cette étape en réalisant une étude cinétique approfondie.
Les données et informations récoltées tout le long de cette recherche nous ont permis de réaliser une simulation du procédé par le logiciel ASPEN PLUS. Ce qui a permis de faire une ébauche d’un schéma de traitement industriel. Ce dernier s’est avéré souple vis-à-vis de l’utilisation d’autres matières comme les calcines des concentrés sulfurés cuivre-zinc.
Residues from the Kolwezi Zinc Plant (Usines à Zinc de Kolwezi UZK) essentially contain zinc in a refractory (ferrite) form, which is difficult to recover by conventional hydrometallurgical methods. « Heavy» metals are also present that make them hazardous towards the environment in which they are currently stored. Most of these metals are valuable; thus, the UZK residues are a real secondary deposit. It is therefore imperative to develop an appropriate method of treatment, hence the theme of the present thesis: « Recovery study of values metals from Kolwezi Zinc Plant residues, DRC ».
Using modern techniques of characterization (physical and chemical, mineralogical and morphological), we focused, adapted and justified the use of a technique for efficient recovery of the existing valuable minerals. The minerals contained in UZK residues have been sulphated by digestion and thereafter selectively dissolved after roasting. Sulphatation proved to be the decisive step of the process and a particular attention has been given to this step by performing a detailed kinetic study.
The data and information collected throughout this research allowed a simulation of the developed method by using the « Aspen Plus » software. This allowed us to propose a draft scheme of industrial processing. The latter proved flexible towards the use of other materials such as calcines of copper-zinc sulphide concentrates.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Agostini, Franck. "Inertage et valorisation des sédiments de dragage marins." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119833.
La valorisation des sédiments traités comme granulat de substitution dans les matériaux à matrice cimentaire fait l'objet de ce travail de thèse.
La caractérisation de ces granulats a révélé une porosité et une absorption d'eau très élevées. Constitués par l'agglomération de particules plus fines ils se révèlent friables. Cependant, utilisés en substitution d'un sable de Seine classique pour la confection d'un mortier, l'étude expérimentale de valorisation a montré des gains de résistance à la compression uniaxiale, et ce, même pour une substitution complète du sable. Ces gains ont été attribués au phénomène de cure interne, à l'amélioration de l'interface pâte granulat ainsi qu'à un effet filler. Cela pourrait également expliquer la réduction observée de la perméabilité au gaz. La déformabilité des granulats conduit toutefois à un retrait de dessiccation élevé. Une formulation appropriée permet également l'obtention d'un matériau durable vis-à-vis, notamment, du gel/dégel ou de l'exposition à l'eau de mer.
La valorisation dans les matériaux cimentaires est donc envisageable.
Lupsea, Maria-octavia. "Contribution to the environmental impact assessment of buildings : numerical modelling of dangerous substances’ release to water." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0007.
Any construction product and building undergoing contact with water during its life cycle can release chemical compounds potentially hazardous for the human health and the environment. The release of dangerous substances is presently investigated especially by experimental approaches commonly by laboratory leaching tests while the environmental impacts of construction products and buildings are evaluated by a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The dangerous substances release during use stage of construction products (leaching behaviour) is currently very poorly represented in the existing data bases and methods for environmental assessment of construction products and buildings.In this context, the main objectives of this study were: (i) to develop a methodology for the assessment of the leaching behaviour of various construction products and (ii) to integrate the leaching data in LCA approach at building scale. The methodology developed for the assessment of the leaching behaviour of construction products is based on: (1) characterisation leaching tests at lab scale, following the horizontal standardised assessment methods for harmonised approaches relating to dangerous substances under the Construction Products Regulation (CPR), (2) modelling and simulation of coupled chemical and transport phenomena at lab and field scale, and (3) utilisation of simulated leaching data for the construction products exposed in natural condition with the LCA method for the characterization of the hazardous effect during the use stage. The proposed methodology was applied and validated on three different classical construction products i.e. CBA (Copper-Boron-Azole) treated wood, fibre-cement sheets and bitumen membranes. The leaching behaviour of CBA treated wood and fibre-cement sheets was simulated over several years under natural exposure conditions, using the geochemical software PHREEQC. The chemical models consider both the mineral and the organic matrixes and their interaction with treatmentcompounds. Mass transfer and transport phenomena were modelled. The developed coupled chemical-transport models are able to represent the dynamic leaching behaviour of the respective products in various leaching conditions. For bitumen membranes only experimental characterisation was possible. The leaching data obtained by simulation over the whole use stage of the products were integrated in the life cycle inventory (LCI) and the relevant life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods were applied with the enriched inventory. A simplified single-family house was modelled using a software designed to evaluate the intrinsic environmental performances of a building over its entire life cycle. ELODIE software was used in this work. The building scale assessment methodology is based on coupling the methodology developed for the product scale with the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) at building scale. This methodology allows a proper integration of leaching data in LCA tools and answers several technical questions raised in the field
Wavrer, Philippe. "Apport à la théorie de l'échantillonnage des solides hétérogènes : application à des grandeurs mesurées sur matières premières, secondaires et ultimes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL166N.
Lupsea, Maria-octavia. "Contribution to the environmental impact assessment of buildings : numerical modelling of dangerous substances’ release to water." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0007/document.
Any construction product and building undergoing contact with water during its life cycle can release chemical compounds potentially hazardous for the human health and the environment. The release of dangerous substances is presently investigated especially by experimental approaches commonly by laboratory leaching tests while the environmental impacts of construction products and buildings are evaluated by a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The dangerous substances release during use stage of construction products (leaching behaviour) is currently very poorly represented in the existing data bases and methods for environmental assessment of construction products and buildings.In this context, the main objectives of this study were: (i) to develop a methodology for the assessment of the leaching behaviour of various construction products and (ii) to integrate the leaching data in LCA approach at building scale. The methodology developed for the assessment of the leaching behaviour of construction products is based on: (1) characterisation leaching tests at lab scale, following the horizontal standardised assessment methods for harmonised approaches relating to dangerous substances under the Construction Products Regulation (CPR), (2) modelling and simulation of coupled chemical and transport phenomena at lab and field scale, and (3) utilisation of simulated leaching data for the construction products exposed in natural condition with the LCA method for the characterization of the hazardous effect during the use stage. The proposed methodology was applied and validated on three different classical construction products i.e. CBA (Copper-Boron-Azole) treated wood, fibre-cement sheets and bitumen membranes. The leaching behaviour of CBA treated wood and fibre-cement sheets was simulated over several years under natural exposure conditions, using the geochemical software PHREEQC. The chemical models consider both the mineral and the organic matrixes and their interaction with treatmentcompounds. Mass transfer and transport phenomena were modelled. The developed coupled chemical-transport models are able to represent the dynamic leaching behaviour of the respective products in various leaching conditions. For bitumen membranes only experimental characterisation was possible. The leaching data obtained by simulation over the whole use stage of the products were integrated in the life cycle inventory (LCI) and the relevant life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods were applied with the enriched inventory. A simplified single-family house was modelled using a software designed to evaluate the intrinsic environmental performances of a building over its entire life cycle. ELODIE software was used in this work. The building scale assessment methodology is based on coupling the methodology developed for the product scale with the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) at building scale. This methodology allows a proper integration of leaching data in LCA tools and answers several technical questions raised in the field
Gonzales, Ramirez Maria Lorena. "Gestion et valorisation des Mâchefers d’Incinération de Déchets non Dangereux (MIDND) : Etude du comportement des polluants inorganiques traces au cours de la maturation et en fonction de la granulométrie." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0131.
Current challenge of Municipal Solid waste Incineration (MSWI) bottom ash management lays in its valorization, mainly to be used in road construction projects. The process must take into account environmental regulations and conduct rigorous monitoring from production to utilization. One constraint in the assessment of MSWI bottom ash is related to quality criteria which is becoming more restrictive. Among potential pollutants that can cause environmental use restrictions are metal trace elements (MTE), whose behavior based on weathering and grain size is not yet well known and represent one of greatest concern. In this thesis, the developed research approach defined the favorable conditions for Cu, Cr, Pb, Sb, Ni and Zn release. The aforementioned approach is based on three pillars: The first pillar focuses on the development of a pertinent characterization method for bottom ash (including the polluting organic and mineral fraction) aiming at a better assessment of its properties. The initial study matrix, taken from an industrial site, was carefully analyzed from both, physico-chemical and environmental performances. Geochemical modeling based on physico-chemical and leaching data, allowed to identify the main mineral phases and to simulate material behavior with the purpose of predicting the evolution of MSWI bottom ash in specific storage or valorization conditions. The second pillar describes the impact of weathering conditions and size partitioning on MSWI bottom ash quality evolution. Three different weathering conditions (natural on industrial scale heap; accelerated on small heap; and forced) were studied. The results showed that changes in the chemical and mineralogical composition of MSWI bottom ash as well as in its size fractions are more significant when the weathering proceed. The natural accelerated weathering and the forced carbonation limited the leaching of Cu, Pb and Zn, whereas, the leaching of Cr, Sb, Cl and the SO42- increased as pH decreased. The third pillar focuses on the study of MSWI bottom ash alternative utilization as secondary raw material for the typically practiced road sub-layers construction. It consisted of incorporating MSWI bottom ash in a self-compacting material used for pavement sub-layer or coated road shoulders structures. A formulated material was obtained by mixing MSWI bottom ash, water and cement as a hydraulic binder. The results of the mechanical, geotechnical and environmental assessment are promising for MISWI bottom ash potential use in road construction
Coussy, Samuel. "Stabilisation de rejets miniers pollués à l’arsenic à l’aide de sous-produits cimentaires : étude de l’influence de la cristallochimie sur le risque de mobilisation des polluants." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0077/document.
The objective of this study is to understand the geochemical behaviour of arsenic in cemented paste backfills. This technique consists in transporting the tailings in the mine openings. Two types of backfills are prepared in the laboratory for this study. First, synthetic cemented paste backfills artificially spiked with arsenic are synthesized, using silica in replacement of the tailings. In parallel, other cemented paste backfill specimens are prepared with arsenic-rich tailings. In the two cases, various types of hydraulic binders are tested. Several types of investigations are conducted on the cemented paste backfill specimens. A mineralogical characterization is carried out with the help of specific tools. At the same time, cemented paste backfill samples are submitted to several complementary leaching tests, to assess the mobility/immobilization potential of arsenic in these matrices. Finally, geochemical modeling is implemented, based on the results of the two previous studies, in order to refine the understanding of the nature and stability of the arsenic compounds. The results show that arsenic is better immobilized in Portland cement and slag-based matrices, rather than in fly ash-based matrices. The variable leaching behaviour from a given matrix to another is due to different arsenic trapping mechanisms. Arsenic can precipitate and form several arsenic minerals, mainly calcium arsenates, but also various other secondary compounds, which are different from a matrix to another. Physical entrapment of the tailings grains by the cementitious minerals can also occur, by formation of a coating around the grains, limiting the oxidation and dissolution of arsenic-bearing sulfides (passivation). These mechanisms are involved in the stabilization/solidification of arsenic by cemented paste backfills
Gonzales, Ramirez Maria-Lorena. "Gestion et valorisation des Mâchefers d’Incinération de Déchets non Dangereux (MIDND) : Etude du comportement des polluants inorganiques traces au cours de la maturation et en fonction de la granulométrie." Thesis, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0131.
Current challenge of Municipal Solid waste Incineration (MSWI) bottom ash management lays in its valorization, mainly to be used in road construction projects. The process must take into account environmental regulations and conduct rigorous monitoring from production to utilization. One constraint in the assessment of MSWI bottom ash is related to quality criteria which is becoming more restrictive. Among potential pollutants that can cause environmental use restrictions are metal trace elements (MTE), whose behavior based on weathering and grain size is not yet well known and represent one of greatest concern. In this thesis, the developed research approach defined the favorable conditions for Cu, Cr, Pb, Sb, Ni and Zn release. The aforementioned approach is based on three pillars: The first pillar focuses on the development of a pertinent characterization method for bottom ash (including the polluting organic and mineral fraction) aiming at a better assessment of its properties. The initial study matrix, taken from an industrial site, was carefully analyzed from both, physico-chemical and environmental performances. Geochemical modeling based on physico-chemical and leaching data, allowed to identify the main mineral phases and to simulate material behavior with the purpose of predicting the evolution of MSWI bottom ash in specific storage or valorization conditions. The second pillar describes the impact of weathering conditions and size partitioning on MSWI bottom ash quality evolution. Three different weathering conditions (natural on industrial scale heap; accelerated on small heap; and forced) were studied. The results showed that changes in the chemical and mineralogical composition of MSWI bottom ash as well as in its size fractions are more significant when the weathering proceed. The natural accelerated weathering and the forced carbonation limited the leaching of Cu, Pb and Zn, whereas, the leaching of Cr, Sb, Cl and the SO42- increased as pH decreased. The third pillar focuses on the study of MSWI bottom ash alternative utilization as secondary raw material for the typically practiced road sub-layers construction. It consisted of incorporating MSWI bottom ash in a self-compacting material used for pavement sub-layer or coated road shoulders structures. A formulated material was obtained by mixing MSWI bottom ash, water and cement as a hydraulic binder. The results of the mechanical, geotechnical and environmental assessment are promising for MISWI bottom ash potential use in road construction