Дисертації з теми "Matériaux conducteurs organiques"
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Leloup, Jean-Michel. "Matériaux composites conducteurs protoniques." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20219.
Повний текст джерелаJousselme, Bruno. "Systèmes conjugués linéaires : des matériaux d'électrode aux nano-systèmes." Angers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ANGE0047.
Повний текст джерелаBenahmed-Gasmi, Amina. "Nouveaux précurseurs de matériaux organiques conducteurs : des donneurs-pi aux polymères conjugués." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0020.
Повний текст джерелаBulut, Ibrahim. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux semi-conducteurs pour la conversion photovoltaïque." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE005/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to develop efficient semi-conducting organic materials for organic photovoltaics. This work is focuses on the optimization of electron-donor organic semiconductors for the preparation of bulk heterojunction devices, in blend with a fullerene derivative used as electron-acceptor material. More specifically, it is to perform a systematic optimization study of two reference families (macromolecular and molecular respectively) from the laboratory, which have already led to interesting photovoltaic performances. For this, we followed a structured and systematic approach targeting the most relevant chemical parameters to be varied. To determine the properties of new materials synthesized, spectroscopic, electrochemical, structural, charge transport and photovoltaic characterizations were systematically made
Saba, Johan. "Electrodéposition de polymère conducteur électronique sur des fibres de carbone greffées de nanotubes de carbone." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DENS0073.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is part of the ANR project “PROCOM” from the Mat&Pro program whose coordinator is EADS IW. The aim of the project is the development of a process likely to be scaled up industrially to produce fibrous reinforcements for high performance composites. The project incorporates new concepts in nano / micro-scale and an electrochemical surface treatment. This PhD work presents the synthesis of an electronically conductive polymer (polypyrrole) by an electrochemical route, on the surface of hybrid reinforcements which are carbon fibers grafted by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). At first, the polymer synthesis has been optimized and the influence of different electrochemical parameters on the doping level and the thickness of the polymer layer was investigated. The parameters studied were the applied potential, the polymerization time, the nature of the electrolyte and the dopant. Then, the influence of polymer deposition on three very important parameters was considered. These parameters are the electrical conductivity, the mechanical properties and the adhesion of CNTs on the surface of the carbon fibers. The electrical properties are important because these composites are intended to be used for the fuselage of aircraft that must be able to dissipate the current from lightning. Good intrinsic electrical properties of CNTs and the use of a conductive polymer have improved the conductive properties of reinforcements. The polymer, which is at the interface between the reinforcing hybrid fibers and the matrix, is expected to improve the mechanical properties of the final material. However, to improve this interface different pre-treatments were carried out, such as heat treatment, plasma surface functionalization and incorporation of a grafting layer. Finally, the polymer plays a protective role in the dissemination of CNTs in the atmosphere in order to avoid any health risk. In a second step, a system for the electropolymerization of hybrid fibers in continuous was implemented with the aim of developing an industrially scalable process
Ménard, Etienne. "Techniques d'impression et matériaux semi-conducteurs pour l'électronique plastique." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351338.
Повний текст джерелаPerruchas, Sandrine. "Synthèse de matériaux moléculaires cristallins engageant des clusters octaédriques de rhénium chalcogénés : Electrocristallisation confinée et polymorphisme." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPXX0020.
Повний текст джерелаDjoko, Kamwa Ghislain. "Fluctuations supracondictrices dans les conducteurs organiques quasi-1D." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4778.
Повний текст джерелаOliveira, Ione Maria Ferreira de. "Films de polypyrroles fonctionnalisés contenant des microparticules de métaux nobles ou des complexes du rhodium (III) : application de ces matériaux moléculaires d'électrode en hydrogénation électrocatalytique." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10075.
Повний текст джерелаBoulon, Marie-Emmanuelle. "Bistabilité des matériaux moléculaires : de la structure à la photocommutabilité." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S043.
Повний текст джерелаCombining multiple properties into one material turns molecular materials very attractive. Moreover, bistability is often a necessary condition to manage electronic or memory devices. We present here two examples of bistabiliy. The first one consists in a thermo-activated charge re-organization on bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (ET) molecules in a multifunctional material which associates an organic sub-lattice containing conductive moieties (ET molecules) and an inorganic sub-lattice containing spin (on the FeIII ion in the hexacyano-ferrate complex). Aim at describing the bistability of this system, after synthesis by electrocrystallization, crystallographic structure has been solved at different temperatures. Physical measurements under thermal variation were carried out to complete the description of the phenomena we evidenced. The second example is the spin change in FeII based complexes. First step was to elaborate an optical montage allowing under irradiation measurements suitable for various experiences. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed. Thermally and optically induced spin change (called LIESST effect for Light Induced Exited Spin State Trapping) were evidence
Pereira, Marco. "Etude des propriétés électromécaniques de semi-conducteurs organiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0271/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe public mind is aware of electronics drawbacks, the costs of development and production are important and the environmental impact can be denied. In order to solve those downsides, the organic electronics is studied and developed. This electronics have been introduced with the discovery of conductive polymers by the Nobel prices of chemistry from the year 2000, Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid et Hideki Shirakawa. Since then, this technology has been widely developed and nowadays OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) screens as well as others devices like MEMS (Micro ElectroMechanical System), systems connecting electronics and mechanics, are commercialized. Those organic MEMS are more and more studied and developed due to a better flexibility of the organic semiconductors compared to the inorganic ones. However, even if the research on the polymer mechanics and semiconductor electronics is advanced, the electromechanical interaction of the organic semiconductors is poorly studied. Nevertheless, it is necessary to understand this interaction in order to develop the flexible electronics of tomorrow. Thus, this work has been focused on investigating the electromechanical interaction inside the organic semiconductors and developing tools/methods usable to study with ease new molecules. To better understand the electromechanical interaction between molecular structure and electrical response, the semiconductors are shaped into single crystals, in order to study a perfect molecular layout, without imperfections, in the three space dimensions. Hence, in the first instance, the influence of the molecular structure on the charge mobility was studied on rubrene. Even if is commonly assumed that the variation of the intermolecular distance causes the mobility changes inside rubrene, it turns out that this electrical variation is due to a reorganization of the molecules and variations of multiples inter/intramolecular parameters which modify the electronic coupling. In the second instance, the electromechanical response of air-gap transistors based on rubrene has been studied. In this more complicated systems, multiple parameters variate during the deflection. With the use of Gauge factor, it is possible to prove that the electromechanical response of those systems depends mainly on the mechanical and electrical modification of the interface electrodes/semiconductor. The high improvement of the electrical response of those air-gap transistors has been used to fabricate pressure sensors capable to detect forces as small as 230 nN. Finally, the methods developed during the previous works have been used to start the synthesis and characterization of hybrid perovskite transistors in order to study the electromechanical interaction of those emerging materials
Sergent, Alessandra. "Métallopolymères des éléments f : nouveaux matériaux hybrides semi-conducteurs phosphorescents pour les diodes électroluminescentes organiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840219.
Повний текст джерелаJavidan, Azarang. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux matériaux organiques cristallins conducteurs issus de précurseurs de type tétrachalcogénofulvalène." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20128.
Повний текст джерелаDarchy, Léa. "Nanotubes de carbones semi-conducteurs pour cellules solaires organiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00919656.
Повний текст джерелаBouguessa, Sabrina. "Synthèse de TTF et BI-TTF à ligands azotes, précurseurs potentiels de sels à propriétés électriques et magnétiques : Etude préliminaire des matériaux résultants." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20013.
Повний текст джерелаBouhadid, Myriam. "Conception, caractérisation et mise en œuvre de matériaux organiques conducteurs pour des applications dans le domaine des capteurs chimiques." Pau, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/41/98/89/PDF/TheseBouhadid.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this project was to prepare, study and test new generation of chemical sensors based on conducting polymer composite material. All the steps concerning the feasibility of the sensors have been studied. The active layer was made of composite containing intrinsically conducting polymers as polyaniline (Pani). The synthesis of the conducting composites was optimized and obtained with an environmental friendly process (no acid nor organic solvent) at low cost and thus easy to scale up. Several composites made of polyacrylate/polyaniline were obtained, parameters as dopant chemical nature and polyaniline content were studied. To answer the fundamental questions and to reach the applications mentioned, the structure and several physico-chemical properties (composite formulation, response to gas exposure, signal treatment…) were studied in details on samples and devices that are prepared and characterized in a systematic and controlled way. The procedure to test these new sensors has been optimized in a climatic chamber previously calibrated to control the temperature, the relative humidity and the ammonia concentration parameters. Performances of the sensors were then carried out in terms of reproducibility, sensibility, reversibility, selectivity… Effects of specific conditions as humidity, temperature, and more commonly ageing study were studied and the sensor response was recorded to certify the gas sensor safe for use in hazardous location. This study demonstrated the feasibility of whole polymer (polyaniline composite) sensors to detect ammonia. Moreover, all the performances of this new chemical sensor are in line with the market needs in terms of response time, sensitivity, reproducibility. At last, these sensors introduce a breakthrough technology since their response is reversible with no need of servicing or calibration between two exposures. This feature is very interesting in terms of time-life and cost
Pagoaga, Bernard. "Synthèse de nouveaux matériaux semi-conducteurs dérivés du pérylène pour l'électronique organique." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS020/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study deals with the synthesis of perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide derivatives and their use as semi-conductors for organic electronics, and more specifically for the realization of organic field-effect transistors. The goals of this study are the synthesis of perylene derivatives, using halogenation reactions or Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, and the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors.In the first part of the work, a wide variety of perylene derivatives has been obtained and fully characterized. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies have been performed to determine energy levels of the frontier orbitals.In the second part, the making of organic field-effect transistors was realized, beginning with the research of optimal conditions for ink formulation, deposition and annealing of the film. Then those devices have been characterized by measuring the source-drain current.Keywords: semi-conductor, perylene, organic field-effect transistor, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, ink jet printing
Kwon, Chai-Won. "Nouveaux matériaux d'électrodes hybrides ou nanocristallins pour batteries au lithium." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12528.
Повний текст джерелаCarcel, Carole. "Synthèse d'oligoTTF à lien saturé, fonctionnalisé et conjugué : Caractérisation électrochimique et formation de matériaux." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20163.
Повний текст джерелаMoreaud, Nathanae͏̈l. "Etude et caractérisations des : matériaux semi-conducteurs grand gap 3C-SiC/Si et hétérostructures GaAlN/GaN/GaAlN - matériaux hybrides monophase organiques-inorganiques." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20069.
Повний текст джерелаJarboui, Adel. "Elaboration, caractérisation et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques des matériaux conducteurs pour les cellules photosolaires organiques solides." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC160.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we have develop dye sensitized solar cens namely Grâtzel cells (DSSC), where we have replaced the 1371" redox couple used as hole transporting material (HTM), by a conducting polymer (CP) generated using in situ electro¬assisted photopolymerization (PEP). The use of a CP as HTM, nor the production of CP by PEP of oxidizable monomer do not constitute a novelty. However, innovation in our work consists of two points: i)Use of water as a solvent for the first time, instead of organic ones (acetonitrile) to generate the PC by PEP. The water lowers drastically the oxidation potential of the organic monomers. This lowering of oxidation potential allows to use a commercial monomer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene instead of its dimer much more expensive, which is used hitherto in for the PEP process because of its low oxidation potential. Ii)Use of purely organic dyes to achieve the PEP process allowing a significant improve of the performance of these cells. Ru-based organometallic dyes were found to be less stable and therefore less effective in the PEP process in both media. The results of our work are unreleased and with this ecological, innovative and easy-to-implement method, we have obtained cells having good yields and the cost of which can be significantly reduced by the use of an organic dye of low-cost synthesis. The redox potentials of each of these two dyes. It emerges that: i) the use of the aqueous medium used to prepare the polymer PEP EDOT monomer, which is almost impossible in organic medium, and ii) that the two parameters to be considered to perform a process in situ PEP leading to a good conductive polymer, are the oxidation potential (or rather of the beginning of oxidation) of the monomer and the redox potential of the dye; the former must be lower than the second. The fourth chapter of the manuscript corresponding to the fourth publication. - Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) and Metal-Free Organic Dyes Two organic dyes and the D35 D21L6 tested and yields of cells obtained are compared with those obtained from to tell-based PEDOP obtained using the Z907. All redox potentials of these dyes are higher than the oxidation potential of EDOP, which is favorable for E CEP in situ process of this monomer. The DSSCs based D35 gives a yield (4. 34%) higher than the yield of cell-based D21L6 (3. 05%) and performance of cells made of Z907 (0. 46%). This difference is attributed to the difference in redox potential of these dyes (D35 1. 16V / SHE D21L6 1. 10 V / V 1. 05 Z907 and ESH / ESH) following the same order of photoconversion efficiencies corresponding DSCs. These results confirm that the oxidation potential of the monomer and the redox potential of the dye are the two parameters that govern the efficiency of a PEP process on a TiO2 electrode modified with a dye and therefore have a direct influence on the photo-conversion efficiency of DSSCs. The manuscript ends with a conclusion in which Mr. Jarboui summarizes the results and presents perspectives. It proposes to continue to study the DSCs with the addition of additives that can improve yields or other monomers low oxidatior potential. These monomers can be studied to improve hole transport in solids DSSCs; eg polycarbazole known for his good character carrier holes
Desmarets, Christophe. "Synthèse d'aryl et de polyarylamines par catalyse au nickel pour le développement de nouveaux matériaux conducteurs." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10111.
Повний текст джерелаThis work describes the preparation of new nickel catalysts for C-N cross coupling reactions and the physicochemical caracterisation of new polyarylamines synthetised. In a first part, the Ni(0)/bpy catalyst was used for the synthesis of di- and triaminobenzenes from aryl chlorides. Among products prepared, 1,3,5-tris[4-aminophenyl]benzenes showed a original electrochemical behaviour and the formation by oxidation of charge transfert complexes was demonstrated. In the second part, the development of a new nickel catalyst, noted Ni(0)/SIPr in which nickel is coordinated by a N-heterocyclic carbene is described. Contrary to the Ni(0)/bpy catalyst, the Ni(0)/SIPr reagent is efficient for the arylation of all classes of amines. The synthesis of new naphthidines using the Ni(0)/SIPr catalyst, and their oxidation into stable di(radical cation) is finally reported
Llop, Xavier. "Réalisation et caractérisation de microfibres optiques plastiques scintillantes." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30205.
Повний текст джерелаBoukerma, Kada. "Propriétés interfaciales de nouveaux composites conducteurs à base de polypyrrole utilisés comme charge pour des polymères thermoplastiques." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077198.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we report first on the preparation of a series of PPy powders by oxidative polymerization in aquous soulution with mixed doping (Cl/AOT) and (HSCVAOT) by using an anionic surfactant, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT). Elemental Analyses and XPS confirmed that the surfactant is incorporated into the PPy structure. The addition of AOT enhance the conductivity of PPy with an optimal value corresponding to molar ratio Py/AOT =7/1. Moreover the surfactant has the effect to minimize the surface energy of PPy, which improves their dispersion and their adhesion in a matrix of polypropylene as well as the conductivity of the final composite obtained PP/PPy-AOT. In the second time, we investigated the physico-chemical properties of new clay/PPy and silicon carbide/PPy composites. We characterized them in terms of chemical composition on the surface and the bulk by XPS and elemental analysis, and conductivity measurements. In addition the morpholocical and mechanical properties were investigated for this new composites filled polymers. We have shown the surfactants (here DBSA) has a dramataic effect on these physicochemical properties and that they constitute an essentiel building block in the development of novel fillers based on polypyrrole
Rebière-Galy, Nicole. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux chromènes photochromiques liés à un motif thiophénique : Application à des matériaux organiques conducteurs." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22092.
Повний текст джерелаFouineau, Jonathan. "Synthèse de nanoparticules de chalcogénures de bismuth par chimie douce et élaboration de matériaux hybrides pour la thermoélectricité." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC176.
Повний текст джерелаThermoelectric systems allow for the direct and reversible conversion of a temperature difference into electricity. Doped semiconductors allow to obtain effective systems for a substantial difference of temperature, nevertheless they are limited to niche applications. Bi2Te3, the reference material for applications close to room temperature is, in addition, toxic and costly. Electron conducting polymers represent an alternative for low temperature thermoelectric devices rince they are flexible, light and cost¬effective, however their performance is still too low for large scale development. The objective of this thesis was to develop hybrid materials with a good control of the inorganic-organic interface in order to take advantage of both components and prepare materials with enhanced thermoelectric properties. To achieve this objective, Bi2Te3 doped with Se, S or Sb nanoparticles were synthesized using a soft chemistry route. Their mechanisms of formation in the presence of different additives have been studied and different compositions and morphologies have been obtained. Oligothiophenes molecules functionalized with thiols functions were then prepared and further grafted at the surface of synthesized nanomaterials. Finally, hybrid materials were obtained either by dispersing grafted particles into a conducting polymer matrix, or by chemical or electrochemical co-polymerization of the grafted monomer with a monomer in solution. The use of grafted particles lead to a better dispersion of the inorganic material in the polymer matrix compared to bare particles
Chakroune, Said. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux matériaux organiques issus de précurseurs du type tétrachalcogénofulvalènes fonctionnalisés." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20123.
Повний текст джерелаAntar, Zied. "Éco-composites polymères conducteurs (CPC) pour la production d'énergie renouvelable." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS283.
Повний текст джерелаOwing to the finite supply of fossil fuels and the negative public opinion surrounding nuclear energy, alternative energy resources are the subject of considerable research on a global scale. The aim of this work is to develop a Conductive Polymer Composite for energy harvesting and storage. The first part of this work was dedicated to the development of solar absorber. In fact, CPCs were prepared by melt processing where conductive fillers (graphite and/or carbon nanotubes) were dispersed in an insulate polymer matrix (PLA and PA12). Indeed, thermo-optical properties were measured and the durability of the CPC was checked by controlling the evolution of their mechanical properties during a weathering test. In a second step, CPC with good thermoelectric power were prepared using two routes: melt blending process and solution in-situ polymerization. Various formulations have been tried and some rather interesting results were obtained by recording encouraging values of figure of merit ZT
Fournier, Jérôme. "Contribution à l'étude des matériaux composites conducteurs à matrice époxyde : application à la non linéarité électrique." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10336.
Повний текст джерелаMaceno, Gabriel. "Etude de nouveaux matériaux moléculaires conducteurs : sels d'halogénures métalliques du TTF et du BEDT-TTF." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10596.
Повний текст джерелаBouhadid, Myriam. "Conception, Caractérisation et Mise en oeuvre de matériaux organiques conducteurs pour des applications dans le domaine des capteurs chimiques." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419889.
Повний текст джерелаSerhani, Driss. "Synthèse de nouveaux précurseurs de type tétrathiafulvalène utilisables dans les domaines de la microlithographie et des matériaux organiques conducteurs." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20302.
Повний текст джерелаCarquigny, Stéphanie. "Conception, caractérisation et mise en œuvre de matériaux organiques conducteurs pour le développement de capteurs de gaz pour l’environnement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10177/document.
Повний текст джерелаAs part of the research topic of the Department of Chemistry and Environment at Ecole des Mines de Douai on the development of sensors for gaseous pollutants, previous thesis had enabled the development of a chemical sensor of ammonia with a minimum detectable concentration of 10 ppm, a reversible response and a lifetime of more than 3 years, responding to the major flaw of the electrochemical cells of the market. The sensitive surface of the sensor synthesized in a clean way for the environment, consists mainly of an intrinsically conductive polymer whose electrical resistance varies in proportion to gas concentration.The objective in this thesis is double: on the one hand improve the metrological performance of the ammonia sensor, on the other hand change its sensitive surface by an appropriate method for the specific detection of formaldehyde.For the first objective, different influence parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and interfering gases were first evaluated, then the detection threshold was reduced by a factor of 100 by the realization of thin films on interdigitated electrodes. The performances of different syntheses were compared and finally, the robustness of these sensors has been tested in piggeries, which are among the major contributors of ammonia emissions. For the second objective, more sensitive and selective compounds to formaldehyde were introduced into the sensitive surface of the sensor and tested. The fluoral p was finally selected. The first results showed sensitivity to formaldehyde proportional to its concentration, with a detection limit of a few ppm and a response time less than one minute. The concept used here is innovative and demonstrates the feasibility of formaldehyde detection based on the simple measure of changes in electrical resistance of the sensitive film made. The detection limit must still be decreased to respond to the problem of measuring formaldehyde indoor
Palácio, Gustavo. "Conducteurs ioniques transparents et matériaux fluorescents à base de mélanges hybrides PEO/PPO-Siloxane." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC075/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this PhD thesis a greener synthesis route via sol-gel reactions aiming to prepare multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid (OIH) materials based on blending of two polyether amine end chains (i.e., Jeffamine® compounds) Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and Poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) covalently bonded with an ureasil cross-linking agent (U) is reported. Due to the different polar oxygen sites present in this OIH material, several metallic cations can to be introduced into the OIH matrix via ether- or carbonyl-type oxygen. So, different OIH matrices containing Eu3+ or Li+ cations were synthetized to evaluate their potential as photoluminescent or ionic conductor material, respectively. The thermal and structural characteristics of the Eu3+ or Li+ – loaded OIH materials, as well as the plasticizer effect of PPO2000 at the U-xPPO2000:/U-1-xPEO1900, (PPO2000 fraction x = 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8) blends, were carried out by DSC and SAXS. DSC results revealed a unique glass transition temperature (Tg) for all the studied OIH materials. The addition of Eu3+ cations do not change the Tg values while the Li+ cations caused an increase in the values of Tg, due to the Li+ interaction with the polymeric phase of the material. The U-PEO1900 calorimetric curves also showed the presence of an endothermic peak at 25 °C associated to the fusion of the crystalline domains of PEO1900. The second maxima observed in the curves of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) confirmed the presence of the crystalline structure of PEO1900 in a temperature range of -100 < T < Tf. All the samples, undoped and Li+ or Eu3+ doped ones, showed a correlation peak indicating that the OIH nano-structure is not affected by the metallic cations doping. Analysis carried out by Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy confirmed the Eu3+ cations interaction via the oxygen carbonyl-type present in the urea groups of the hybrid matrix, and that of Li+ cations with the oxygen ether-type. The accelerate photo-degradation revealed a loss of the photo-luminescence (PL) efficiency due to the changes in the Eu3+ cations coordination with the hybrid matrix. The photo-degradation induces the formation of photo-products from the macro-radical β-scission formed in the organic fraction of the hybrid matrix. The β-scission can be responsible for the material PL decrease due to the drop in the antenna effect from organic ligand to luminescent center. The visible emission transition from red → blue with the photo-degradation qualify these materials as good candidates to be applied as sensors and optical markers. The ionic conduction of the Li+-loaded hybrid matrices was investigated by Impedance Spectroscopy as a function of the temperature. Results showed a correlation between the lamellar superstructure of the PEO1900 and the conducting process. The plasticizers addition (PPO2000) alloyed to improve the value of the ionic conductivity in the low temperature range, -100 °C < T < 10 °C due to the increase of the amorphous fraction used as effective ionic transport pathway in the U-xPEO1900/U-1-xPPO2000 polymeric hybrid blend
Cassagneau, Thierry. "Nouveaux matériaux poreux préparés par intercalation de silsesquioxanes dans les phosphates lamellaires." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20256.
Повний текст джерелаQuerner, Claudia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques à base d'architecture π-conjuguées et de nanocristaux de semi-conducteurs II-VI". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10213.
Повний текст джерелаThis work in devoted to the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid materials obtained by grafting of thiophene- or aniline-based oligo-/polymers on the surface of CdSe nanocrystals. The interaction between both components is assured by a carbodithioate anchor function on the organic ligands having a high affinity for the nancrystals' surface. There are two ways to perform the grafting : either by exchange of the nanocrystals' surface ligands with conjugated molecules, or by the post-functionalisation ofnanocrystals capped with bi-functionalligands containing the anchor group as weil as a reactive group, such as an aldehyde. The latter case is rather general and can be applied for a wide range of oligo-/polymers containing amine groups. Both components retain their electrochemical activity upon the grafting reaction. Spectroelectrochemical studies confirm that the doping of the conjugated capping molecules occurs via the same mechanisms as in the non-grafted molecules. The position of the energy levels of the ligands and the nanocrystals should allow a charge transfer upon photo-excitation, leading to an efficient quenching of the photoluminescence of the hybrid. Time-resolved PL measurements show a clear correlation between the conjugation length of the ligands and the transfer efficiency. Ln the case of aniline tetramer ligand no photoluminescence at ail is detectable indicating charge transfer on a timescale shorter than mesurable (5 ps). Therefore, the developed strategy for the grafting of polyconjugated molecules on the surface of semiconductor nanocrystals opens up the way to a new class of hybrid materials with a high potential for applications in solar cells
Lô, Cheikh A. el Kabir. "Electrosynthèse, étude des propriétés optiques et physico-chimiques, caractérisation structurale de matériaux conducteurs obtenus à partir de thiénobenzothiophènes : effet des milieux organisés." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077101.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis was to carry out the electrosynthesis, and to study the structural and optical characteristics of new conducting polymers containing benzothienothiophenes. We prepared films of poly(1 [thiophene-2-yl] benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene), poly(2-methyl-thieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene) and poly(3-methyl-thieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene) in acetonitrile and partially-aqueous micellar medium containing SDS. A lowering of the oxidation potentials of the corresponding monomers was observed in the micellar medium, relatively to the acetonitrile medium. Using MALDI-TOF and IRTF analyses as well as MO theoretical calculations, based on a mechanism of coupling by radical-cations, we have determined the structures of the obtained short-chain oligomers. These polymer films are characterized by an important red-shift of the fluorescence maximum compared to that of the corresponding monomer. In order to determine the effect of substituents on the electropolymerization process and optical properties, we also proceeded to the electropolymerisation of other thieno[3,2-b]benzothiophenes, variously substituted by methyl, acetate of methyl and/or methoxy groups. We have compared the optical properties of these various monomers which, because of their interesting UV absorption and fluorescence characteristics,,might be applied to build electronic components by using the corresponding polymers
Ho, Thu Huong. "Etude de matériaux conducteurs par couplages de mesures d'impédance électrochimique, de gravimétrie et d'angle de contact." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831308.
Повний текст джерелаRoumanille, Pierre. "Matériaux d'assemblage basse température pour applications électroniques : de l'intérêt des oxalates et formiates de métaux." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30106/document.
Повний текст джерелаDue to environmental and health concerns, new regulations led to a restriction in the use of lead in electronic equipment. Joining materials (based on tin, silver, copper, bismuth ...) for surface-mount technology are subject to many development work in order to comply with regulatory and technical requirements. The potential of metal carboxylates in electronics has already been demonstrated in the development of metal-organic decomposition processes. The thermal decomposition under controlled atmosphere of such precursors leads to the creation of metal nanoparticles with an increased reactivity compared to that of micron sized particles. The use of nanomaterials is a seriously considered way for developing low temperature joining processes for electronics. It is based on the well-known decrease of melting and sintering temperatures of nanomaterials with particle size. In this context, this work of thesis presents the study of the controlled decomposition of metal-organic precursors intended to be integrated into a low-temperature lead-free joining process. The thermal behavior of several metal-organic precursors of tin and bismuth, as well as the influence of the decomposition atmosphere, were studied. The relationship between the metal particles size and their melting point has been emphasized, as well as the major influence of oxidation on the evolution of particles size and their ability to make reliable joints
Mateos, Mickaël. "Modifications électrochimiques de surfaces et dispositifs électroniques organiques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK039/document.
Повний текст джерелаOrganic electronics remains a fruitful research field thanks to the diversity of molecular structures reachable by organic synthesis. Molecular materials offer convenient shaping processes, such as solution processing techniques, which can be used for the fabrication of organic devices on plastic substrates.Our works can be summarized as the elaboration of conductometric devices thanks to electrochemistry and the study of their electrical and sensing properties. They deal with two topics: the development of new transducers based on substituted polyanilines and phthalocyanines and the study of the influence of electrochemical modifications on the behavior of known devices.We first developped polymer - phthalocyanine lateral heterojunctions using the properties of polyanilines. Because of their geometry, these new devices differed from the MSDI heterojunction (Molecular Semiconductor - Doped Insulator), a bilayer-based conductometric transducer developed in the laboratory for the detection of gases such as ozone or ammonia. The comprehensive study of poly (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroaniline) indicated that this material was a poor conducting polymer, compared to polyaniline whose conductivity can be increased by acid-base doping. The presence of fluorine atoms prevented the emergence of the conductive regime found in acidic medium for polyaniline and poly (2,5-dimethoxyaniline). These three polymers, electrodeposited on interdigitated ITO electrodes, allowed us, after sublimation of the lutetium bisphthalocyanine, to build lateral heterojunctions. The electrical behavior of the different devices, studied in particular by impedance spectroscopy, differed according to the nature of the substituents of the electrodeposited polyaniline. Finally, sensing measurements revealed their efficiency to detect ammonia in humid atmosphere, with a sub-ppm limit of detection.Previous works on the development of MSDI emphasized the primary role of interfaces, particularly in the case of n-MSDI that contained a p-n heterojunction. In addition to the modification of the chemical nature of the underlayer, another way to play with the interfaces is to electrochemically modify the surface of the interdigitated electrodes by reducing diazonium salts. Thus, we grafted various substituted benzenes, some of which led to the formation of multilayers as revealed by electrochemical quartz microbalance measurements. The various surface modifications mainly acted as an insulating barrier that amplified the nonlinear behavior of the current-voltage characteristics of MSDI. The grafting of 2,5-dimethoxybenzene significantly improved the ammonia sensitivity of MSDI based on copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine and lutetium bisphthalocyanine, with a limit of detection of around 200 ppb
Borniol, Mervyn de. "Photosensibilisation d'oxydes semi-conducteurs par des dérivés organostanniques du pérylène -3,4-dicarboximideApplication à la conversion photovoltaïque." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13310.
Повний текст джерелаDiebold, Morgane. "Systèmes composites organogélateurs/polymères semi-conducteurs : de la preuve conceptuelle aux matériaux nanostructurés pour l'électronique plastique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE002.
Повний текст джерелаImproving the performances of organic photovoltaic devices requires morphology control of the active layers. Highly nanostructured donor-acceptor bulk heterojunctions were prepared by heterogeneous nucleation of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT, donor) on naphthalene diimide organogelators fibers (NDI, acceptor). The first part of this work was dedicated to the self-assembly of NDI-core organogelators substituted by amide groups and trialkoxyphenyls dendrons. We evaluated the influence of the flexible chain between the naphthalene core and the amide groups (2 C-C bonds for NDI2 and 4 for NDI4) on the physico-chemical properties of the organogelators.The second part of this work focused on the polymorphism of NDI2 with identification of four different polymorphs with their optical, spectroscopic and structural signatures. A phase diagram of NDI2 in the solid state was determined. The last part of this manuscript concerns the fabrication of donor-acceptor nano-composites between NDI organogelators and P3HT. The formation process in solution of these nano-composites was analyzed by following the crystallization kinetics of P3HT by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and the thin film morphology (shish-kebab structures) by transmission electron microscopy. The nucleating effect of various organogelators on P3HT was demonstrated. Solar cells were made from the composites P3HT:PCBM : organogelator and their energetic conversion yield was shown to be increased in the presence of organogelators
Canet, Pierre. "Mise en évidence et analyse des phénomènes d'électroluminescence dans des matériaux polymères pour l'électrotechnique et l'électronique. Corrélation avec les mécanismes de conduction électrique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30137.
Повний текст джерелаDelaunay, Wylliam. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux organophosphorés pour des applications en optoélectronique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942602.
Повний текст джерелаRannou, Patrice. "Architectures (Macro)Moléculaires Pi-Conjuguées à Base d'Aniline: De la Mauvéine aux Matériaux (Semi-)Conducteurs pour l'(Opto)Electronique Organique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916481.
Повний текст джерелаBencheikh, Fatima. "Corrélation entre les propriétés optiques, la structure électronique et la morphologie des semi-conducteurs organiques pi-conjugués." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4362.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of organic photovoltaic cell technology requires various skills related to the molecular engineering, interface engineering, controlling and characterizing the morphology of the films, device structure optimization and understanding of photophysics of the materials. In this context, the work presented in this thesis contributes to the understanding of the photophysical properties of π-conjugated organic materials and propose optical characterizations tools for probing the morphology of these materials. First, a rigorous methodology for determining refractive indices of organic films by ellipsometry has been proposed. The models used in ellipsometry have been chosen by taking into account the physical properties of π-conjugated organic materials which allow the determination of the electronic structure of fullerene derivatives (PC60BM and PC70BM). Secondly, we associated ellipsometric data to complementary measurements of absorbance and photoluminescence in the case of two copolymers (PTB7 and PTB7-Th) in films and solutions in order to isolate inter and intra-chain interactions. We have demonstrated that the photophysics of these copolymers differs from the P3HT. We have shown that even in solution in chlorobenzene, the PTB7 PTB7-Th aggregate strongly. These aggregates, H-type, break more easily in the chlorobenzene solutions based of PTB7-Th as in those based on PTB7
Binet, Laurent. "Synthèse de tétrathiafulvalènes polychalcogènes et/ou fonctionnalisées : préparation et étude de leurs complexes, sels, films et intercalats comme matériaux conducteurs." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20124.
Повний текст джерелаSchultheiss, Amélie. "PEDOT hautement conducteurs : synthèse, stabilité, propriétés mécaniques et dispositifs électrothermiques transparents." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI052.
Повний текст джерелаConductive polymers have electrical conduction properties, flexibility and ease of processing that have enabled their integration in many organic devices such as light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells. This thesis focused on the development and study of highly conductive polymers based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or PEDOT, such as PEDOT:PSS (polystyrene sulfonate counter-ion), PEDOT:OTf (triflate counter-ion) and PEDOT:Sulf (sulfate counter-ion). In a first part, the polymerization mechanism of PEDOT:OTf as well as the environmental factors influencing the process were studied in detail in order to stabilize the electrical performance of these materials. A fine control of the water content during polymerization allowed to obtain films with an electrical conductivity up to 6045 S/cm. In a second step, the stability of these thin film PEDOT films (of the order of a few tens of nanometers) was studied under different environmental stresses. UV light (between 290 and 400 nm), combined with water or oxygen, is responsible for strong degradation of the electrical properties of these PEDOTs. Different encapsulations, such as PEN (ethylene polynaphthalate) films or monolayer and bilayer systems of metal oxides (Al2O3, ZnO, TiO2) deposited by SALD (spatial atomic layer deposition), have been tested in order to prevent the degradation of electrical performance under solar simulator. The most efficient encapsulations limit the degradation of PEDOT films by an average factor of 4 after 1000 hours of ageing. Finally, in a last part, the mechanical properties, in particular the conformability and stretchability of these PEDOT were studied. Transparent electrothermal actuators based on PEDOT and PDMS were used to illustrate their conformability and enable to consider the use of these materials in the field of flexible robotics. Stretching measurements on elastomer substrate (SEBS, polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-butylene)-b-polystyrene) have demonstrated the intrinsic stretchability of PEDOT:OTf and PEDOT:Sulf up to 30% elongation. The addition of an ionic liquid increased the stretchability of these films up to 50%. The excellent electrical conduction, transparency and stretchability properties of these PEDOTs made it possible the development of a functional thermotherapy patch
Biniek, Laure. "Polymères semi-conducteurs à faible largeur de bande interdite : de la synthèse au dispositif photovoltaïque organique." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/BINIEK_Laure_2010.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn the field of organic photovoltaic, conjugated electron donor polymers with improved optoelectronic properties are highly needed. Therefore, that research work is focused on the design and investigation of a new family of donor-acceptor alternating low band-gap copolymers, using 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole as electron-deficient unit, and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and alkylthiophenes moieties as electron-rich units. By the inclusion of fused thiophene rings we intend to enhance the hole carrier properties. Various alkyl side-chains are introduced onto different positions along the conjugated backbone in order to reach efficient solubility in common organic solvents and simultaneously allow investigations of structure/properties relationships. We have also studied the effect of conjugation length and planarity on the optoelectronic properties. In the first section we discuss the synthesis methods of the monomers which involve several organic and organometallic reactions. Then, the copolymers have been synthesized by Stille or Suzuki cross coupling polycondensation. In the second part, special focus is devoted on how modifications in the conjugated backbone length and conformation (side chains length and positioning, coplanar units) are affecting the related material properties (electrochemical, UV-vis absorption, microstructure and charge carrier mobility). Finally, we have elaborated bulk heterojunction solar cells based on copolymer:C60-PCBM blend and correlated the OPV device performances with the optoelectronic properties of the polymers
Scidone, Lionel. "Contributions à la synthèse par voie de films de type Bi2Te3." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Scidone.Lionel.SMZ0626.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe Bismuth Telluride and the ternary derivative compounds develop optimal thermoelectric properties in the range of the ambient temperatures leading to many applications in the field of the transfer of heat or direct thermal generation of electricity. A new way of synthesis of this material was based on the action of various soluble or metal reducing agents on solutions sources of BiIII and TeIV in nitric medium. If the soluble reducers tested do not prove their efficacity, it appeared on the contrary that the film formation of Bi2Te3 can be obtained by displacement by many metals in particular Ni, Bi, Sn, Pb, Fe, Zn. A powerful mode of synthesis was defined by engaging nickel either in massive form or in the form of films. Single-phase, homogeneous and coherent coatings were obtained with a thickness of 5 µm for an immersion of 2 hours in the solution source. Thin films of 160 nm were also carried out starting from the total conversion of 100 nm nickel deposited in a glass substrate. These thermoelectric pre-films lend themselves then to a complementary development by electrochemistry. In this manner, it was set up the elements of a first experimental device, on 2 junctions p-n, a thermoelectric capacity of 700 µV. K-1. This work opens a new way for the simple and not very expensive development of thermoelectric modules