Статті в журналах: "Matériaux composites Cu/D"

1

Zhang, Dan-dan, and Zai-ji Zhan. "Experimental investigation of interfaces in graphene materials/copper composites from a new perspective." RSC Advances 6, no. 57 (2016): 52219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra07606h.

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The interface microstructure between the constituent phases in graphene/Cu composites, namely graphene plane–Cu (D_p) and graphene edges–Cu (D_e), were observed for the first time from the two directions by means of transmission electron microscopy.

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2

Wang, Wen-Min, Lu Zhang, Wen-Long Wang, Jin-Yi Huang, Qian-Yuan Wu, and Jerry J. Wu. "Photocatalytic Degradation of 1,4-Dioxane by Heterostructured Bi2O3/Cu-MOF Composites." Catalysts 13, no. 8 (August 15, 2023): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13081211.

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Photocatalysts exhibiting high activity for the degradation of 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D) have been a subject of intense focus due to their high toxicity and challenging degradability. Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) is recognized as an ideal photocatalyst; however, there have been limited studies on its effectiveness in 1,4-D degradation. It is crucial to address the issue of low photocatalytic efficiency attributed to the instability and easy recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes in Bi2O3 upon photoexcitation. In this study, Cu-MOF and oxygen vacancy were utilized to improve the 1,4-D photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Bi2O3 by preparing Bi2O3, Bi2O3/Cu-MOF, Bi2O3−x, and Bi2O3−x/Cu-MOF. The results revealed that the incorporation of Cu-MOF induced a larger specific surface area, a well-developed pore structure, and a smaller particle size in Bi2O3, facilitating enhanced visible light utilization and an improved photoelectron transfer rate, leading to the highest photocatalytic activity observed in Bi2O3/Cu-MOF. In addition, oxygen vacancies were found to negatively affect the photocatalytic activity of Bi2O3, mainly due to the transformation of the β-Bi2O3 crystalline phase into α-Bi2O3 caused by oxygen vacancies. Further, the synergistic effect of MOF and oxygen vacancies did not positively affect the photocatalytic activity of Bi2O3. Therefore, the construction of heterojunctions using Cu-MOF can significantly enhance the efficiency of degradation of 1,4-D, and Bi2O3/Cu-MOF appears to be a promising photocatalyst for 1,4-D degradation. This study opens new avenues for the design and optimization of advanced photocatalytic materials with improved efficiency for the treatment of recalcitrant organic pollutants.

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3

Sundaram, Rajyashree, Atsuko Sekiguchi, Guohai Chen, Don Futaba, Takeo Yamada, Ken Kokubo, and Kenji Hata. "Influence of Carbon Nanotube Attributes on Carbon Nanotube/Cu Composite Electrical Performances." C 7, no. 4 (November 15, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c7040078.

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Carbon nanotube (CNT)/copper composites offer promise as lightweight temperature-stable electrical conductors for future electrical and electronic devices substituting copper. However, clarifying how constituent nanotube structures influence CNT/Cu electrical performances has remained a major research challenge. Here, we investigate the correlation between the CNT/Cu electrical performances and nanotube structure by preparing and characterizing composites containing nanotubes of different structural attributes. We prepared three types of composites—single-wall (SW)-CNT/Cu wires, SW-CNT/Cu pillars, and multi-wall (MW)-CNT/Cu wires. The composites were fabricated from the corresponding CNT templates by two-step Cu electrodeposition, which retains template nanotube attributes through the fabrication process. The nanotube characteristics (diameter, G/D, alignment, etc.) in each template as well as the internal structure and electrical performances of the corresponding composites were characterized. SW-CNT/Cu wires and pillars outperformed MW-CNT/Cu wires, showing ≈ 3× higher room-temperature four-probe conductivities (as high as 30–40% Cu-conductivity). SW-CNT/Cu also showed up to 4× lower temperature coefficients of resistances i.e., more temperature-stable conductivities than MW-CNT/Cu. Our results suggest that few-walled small-diameter nanotubes can contribute to superior temperature-stable CNT/Cu conductivities. Better CNT crystallinity (high G/D), fewer nanotube ends/junctions, and nanotube alignment may be additionally beneficial. We believe that these results contribute to strategies for improving CNT/Cu performances to enable the real-world application of these materials as Cu substitutes.

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4

Guillemet, Thomas, Jean-Marc Heintz, Bruno Mortaigne, Yongfeng Lu, and Jean-François Silvain. "Formation of Cu Nanodots on Diamond Surface to Improve Heat Transfer in Cu/D Composites." Advanced Engineering Materials 20, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 1700894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201700894.

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5

Wang, Qing Yun, Wei Ping Shen, and Ming Liang Ma. "Mean and Instantaneous Thermal Expansion of Uncoated and Ti Coated Diamond/Copper Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 702 (May 2013): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.702.202.

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Heat sink materials not only should have higher thermal conductivity, but also have smaller difference of thermal expansion with cooled material. diamond/copper composites were made by the powder metallurgy method. Vacuum slowly vapor deposition technique was employed to deposit a titanium film on diamond particles before mixing with Cu powder in order to improve the bonding strength between Cu and diamond particles during sintering. The thermal expansion of diamond/Cu d composite was measured in the temperature range from 50 to 600 °C. The results show that the titanium film on diamond improves the interfacial bonding and reduces the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of Cu/diamond composites. The CTE of diamond/Cu composites decreases with increasing diamond volume fraction as the results of mixture rule and the intense restriction effect of diamond reinforcement on the copper matrix. The residual stresses and pores in the composites affect instantaneous thermal expansion of diamond/Cu composites.

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6

Li, Zhenyu, Gengrui Zhao, Honggang Wang, Gui Gao, Shengsheng Chen, Dongya Yang, Yue Fan, Guowei Zhang, and Hong Xu. "Microstructure and tribological behaviors of diffusion bonded powder sintered Cu–Sn based alloys." Materials Research Express 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 116505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac31ff.

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Abstract Owing to good self-lubricating performance, tin bronze is widely used in industrial fields. As tin bronze parts manufactured by powder metallurgy, their tribological performances are influenced by raw powder. In this work, four types of self-lubricating copper alloy composites (CuSn10 (D), CuSn10, CuSn10Pb10 (D) and CuSn10Pb10) were prepared by sintering completely alloyed powder and diffusion alloyed copper tin powder. The morphology, element distribution and microstructure of raw powder and their sintered Cu alloy composites were observed. The tribological properties of Cu alloys were investigated by block-ring friction test under different working conditions and their worn surface and wear debris were analyzed. The results show that the diffusion alloyed powder has an irregular dendritic morphology and its sintered Cu alloy is more likely to produce twin structure which enhances the hardness and the bearing capacity of the material. Compared with completely alloyed powder sintered CuSn10 sample, the wear rate of CuSn10 (D) sintered from diffusion alloyed powder was reduced by 83.96%, 74.39%, and 67.63% under three typical working conditions. Under dry friction conditions, the wear rate of CuSn10 (D) is reduced by 63.64% than CuSn10, and CuSn10Pb10 (D) is 25% lower than CuSn10Pb10. The investigation on the wear tracks and wear debris of Cu alloy composites showed that the diffusion alloyed powder sintered samples are inclined to form a more consecutive and integral third-body layer on wear tracks and which contributes to the better wear resistance.

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7

Zhang, Sen, Yunfei Xu, Xiaoyi Liu, and Sheng-Nian Luo. "Competing roles of interfaces and matrix grain size in the deformation and failure of polycrystalline Cu–graphene nanolayered composites under shear loading." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 36 (2018): 23694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp04481c.

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The roles of interfaces and matrix grain size in the deformation and failure of polycrystalline Cu–graphene nanolayered (PCuGNL) composites under shear loading are explored with molecular dynamics simulations for different repeat layer spacings (λ), Cu grain sizes (D) and graphene chiralities, and an analytical model is proposed to describe the shear behavior.

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8

Fauchille, Anne-Laure, Bram van den Eijnden, Kevin Taylor, and Peter David Lee. "Détermination de la taille et du nombre d’échantillons devant être analysés en laboratoire pour la caractérisation statistique de la microstructure d’une roche argileuse." Revue Française de Géotechnique, no. 165 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2020024.

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À l’échelle du laboratoire, les roches argileuses sont des matériaux hétérogènes dont le comportement thermo-hydromécanique est en grande partie contrôlé par la microstructure. Le choix du nombre et de la taille des échantillons à étudier en laboratoire est déterminant pour appréhender la variabilité des propriétés de la roche argileuse à petite échelle. Cet article présente une méthode statistique permettant de préciser la surface (ou le volume) et le nombre d’échantillons à prendre en compte pour qu’une propriété p choisie caractérisant la microstructure, soit statistiquement représentative. Initialement établie dans un cas général par Kanit et al. (2003. Determination of the size of the representative volume element for random composites: statistical and numerical approach. Int J Solids Struct 40(13–14): 3647–3679), cette méthode consiste à partitionner un échantillon de propriété moyenne [see formula in PDF] connue, en sous-échantillons de surface D × D afin de calculer l’écart-type et l’erreur relative de la mesure de p en fonction de D. Cette méthode permet ainsi de définir des surfaces élémentaires représentatives de p en tenant compte de l’erreur relative par rapport à [see formula in PDF]. La méthode est d’abord présentée dans des cas généraux en 2D et 3D, et un exemple type est ensuite développé en 2D pour caractériser la fraction argileuse d’une lamine sédimentaire de Bowland (Royaume-Uni). La fraction surfacique argileuse est choisie comme propriété p, à partir d’une image grand-champ en microscopie électronique à balayage. La méthode est applicable en 2D et 3D sur les matériaux finement divisés autant sur les roches que sur les sols argileux, tant que l’échantillon considéré contient suffisamment d’éléments figurés (inclusions rigides ou pores dans une matrice par exemple) pour permettre l’utilisation des statistiques. L’apport principal visé pour la communauté des ingénieurs est dans la mesure du possible un meilleur ciblage de la quantité d’échantillons à prélever en forage pour mieux évaluer la variabilité des paramètres macroscopiques des roches argileuses. Les limites de la méthode sont ensuite discutées.

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9

Ya, Bin, Yang Xu, Linggang Meng, Bingwen Zhou, Junfei Zhao, Xi Chen, and Xingguo Zhang. "Fabrication of Copper Matrix Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes Using an Innovational Self-Reduction Molecular-Level-Mixing Method." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 6488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186488.

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An innovational self-reduction molecular-level-mixing method was proposed as a simplified manufacturing technique for the production of carbon nanotube copper matrix composites (CNT/Cu). Copper matrix composites reinforced with varying amounts of (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 wt%) carbon nanotubes were fabricated by using this method combined with hot-pressing sintering technology. The surface structure and elemental distribution during the preparation of CNT/Cu mixing powder were investigated. The microstructure and comprehensive properties of the CNT/Cu composites were examined by metallography, mechanical and electrical conductivity tests. The results revealed that the CNT/Cu could be produced by a high temperature reaction at 900 degrees under vacuum, during which the carbon atoms in the carbon nanotubes reduced the divalent copper on the surface to zero-valent copper monomers. The decrease in the ratio of D and G peaks on the Raman spectra indicated that the defective spots on the carbon nanotubes were wrapped and covered by the copper atoms after a self-reduction reaction. The prepared CNT/Cu powders were uniformly embedded in the grain boundaries of the copper matrix materials and effectively hindered the tensile fracture. The overall characteristics of the CNT/Cu composites steadily increased with increasing CNT until the maximum at 0.7 wt%. The performance was achieved with a hardness of 86.1 HV, an electrical conductivity of 81.8% IACS, and tensile strength of 227.5 MPa.

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10

Stando, Grzegorz Jan, Pyry-Mikko Hannula, Bogumiła Kumanek, Mari Lundström, Haitao Liu, and Dawid Janas. "(Digital Presentation) Recovery of Copper from Wastewater By Electrodeposition Onto Nanocarbon Composites." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 9 (July 7, 2022): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-019761mtgabs.

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The connection of carbon nanostructures such as graphene or carbon nanotubes with other materials like metals [1] or polymers [2] is often beneficial. For example, composites consisting of copper and nanocarbon materials have improved electrical [1] and mechanical [3] properties due to the synergy effect. Unfortunately, the integration between copper and nanocarbon is not an easy task because of the “cuprophobic” nature of nanocarbon [4]. Recently, many methods have been developed to accomplish this challenge. Out of all available techniques, physical (casting, spark plasma sintering or metal spinning) and electrochemical [5] gained a considerable share of attention. In particular, electrodeposition is a commonly employed strategy to deposit copper onto nanocarbon electrodes. In this method, nanocarbon surface plays the role of working electrode, onto which copper ions are reduced, thereby creating a Cu coating on the surface. This study demonstrates the recovery of copper from industrial wastewater by thin films based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Such a substrate was found as an ideal surface for the electrodeposition of metallic particles. Single/multi-walled CNTs, oxidized CNTs, nitrogen-doped CNTs and graphene were combined to obtain nanocarbon-nanocarbon composite electrodes, which were then used as substrates in Cu electrodeposition [6]. To establish the coating process parameters, synthetic solution of CuSO4 was first used as a source of copper ions. Then, wastewater of complex composition was employed directly for the electrodeposition process. Besides the 40 ppm of Cu, the wastewater contained other elements like salts Fe, Mg, Al, Zn and As in much greater amounts. It was discovered that such nanocomposite materials may be an excellent substrate for electrochemical recovery of Cu also from such a problematic waste, while simultaneously giving a product of high added value. Interestingly, the product was free from other metals, and only copper was detected on the nanocarbon surface. After just 1-hour of electrodeposition at -0.1V vs. SCE, a nanocarbon-based composite evenly coated with Cu was manufactured. Thorough investigation of the microstructure, and chemical composition of the nanocomposites correlated with the properties of the Cu coated materials enabled us to deduce critical parameters needed to make the Cu coating process effective [7]. [1] C. Arnaud, F. Lecouturier, D. Mesguich, N. Ferreira, G. Chevallier, C. Estournès, A. Weibel, C. Laurent, High strength - High conductivity double-walled carbon nanotube - Copper composite wires, Carbon N. Y. 96 (2016) 212–215. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.09.061. [2] S.N. Beesabathuni, J.G. Stockham, J.H. Kim, H.B. Lee, J.H. Chung, A.Q. Shen, Fabrication of conducting polyaniline microspheres using droplet microfluidics, RSC Adv. 3 (2013) 24423–24429. doi:10.1039/c3ra44808h. [3] R. Jiang, X. Zhou, Q. Fang, Z. Liu, Copper-graphene bulk composites with homogeneous graphene dispersion and enhanced mechanical properties, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 654 (2016) 124–130. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2015.12.039. [4] D. Janas, B. Liszka, Copper matrix nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes or graphene, Mater. Chem. Front. 2 (2018) 22–35. doi:10.1039/c7qm00316a. [5] A. Singh, T. Ram Prabhu, A.R. Sanjay, V. Koti, An Overview of Processing and Properties of CU/CNT Nano Composites, Mater. Today Proc. 4 (2017) 3872–3881. doi:10.1016/J.MATPR.2017.02.286. [6] D. Janas, M. Rdest, K.K.K. Koziol, Free-standing films from chirality-controlled carbon nanotubes, Mater. Des. 121 (2017) 119–125. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2017.02.062. [7] G. Stando, P.-M. Hannula, B. Kumanek, M. Lundström, D. Janas, Copper recovery from industrial wastewater - Synergistic electrodeposition onto nanocarbon materials, Water Resour. Ind. 26 (2021) 100156. doi:10.1016/J.WRI.2021.100156. G.S. and P.S. would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland for financial support of research (under Diamond Grant, grant agreement 0036/DIA/201948). G.S. also would like to thank European Union for thanks for financing the costs of the conference (European Social Fund, grant nr POWR.03.05.00-00-Z305) and National Agency for Academic Exchange of Poland (under the Iwanowska program, grant agreement PPN/IWA/2019/1/00017/UO/00001) for financial support during the stay at the University of Pittsburgh in the USA. G.S. and H.L. acknowledge NSF (CBET-2028826) for partial support of this work. G. S. and D.J. acknowledge the National Agency for Academic Exchange of Poland (under the Academic International Partnerships program, grant agreement PPI/APM/2018/1/00004) for supporting training in the Aalto University. G.S, B.K. and D.J. would like to thank the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (under the Leader program, grant agreement LIDER/0001/L-8/16/NCBR/2017).

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Ružić, Jovana, Davor Antanasijević, Dušan Božić, and Karlo Raić. "Prediction of hardness and electrical properties in ZrB2 particle reinforced metal matrix composites using artificial neural network." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 20, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/metmateng1404255r.

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In the present study, the hardness and electrical properties of copper based composite prepared by hot pressing of mechanically alloyed powders were predicted using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach. Milling time (t, h), particles size of mechanically alloyed powders (d, nm), dislocation density (ρ, m-2) and compressive yield stress (σ0.2, MPa) were used as inputs. The ANN model was developed using general regression neural network (GRNN) architecture. Cu-based composites reinforced with micro and nano ZrB2 particles were consolidated via powder metallurgy processing by combining mechanical alloying and hot pressing. Analysis of the obtained results concerning hardness and electrical properties of the Cu-7 vol.% ZrB2 alloy showed that the distribution of micro and nano ZrB2 particles and the presence of agglomerates in the Cu matrix directly depend on the milling time. Also, the results show a strong influence of the milling time on hardness and electrical properties of Cu-7 vol.% ZrB2 alloy. Addition of ZrB2 particles decreases electrical conductivity of copper, but despite this fact Cu-7 vol.% ZrB2 alloy can be marked as highly conductive alloy (samples made of mechanically alloyed powders milled longer than 20 h). Experimental results of the samples have shown a consistency with the predicted results of ANN.

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12

Priola, Emanuele, Ghodrat Mahmoudi, Jacopo Andreo, and Antonio Frontera. "Unprecedented [d9]Cu⋯[d10]Au coinage bonding interactions in {Cu(NH3)4[Au(CN)2]}+[Au(CN)2]− salt." Chemical Communications 57, no. 59 (2021): 7268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc02709c.

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The X-ray structure of the {Cu(NH₃)₄[Au(CN)₂]}⁺[Au(CN)₂]⁻ salt is reported showing an unprecedented [d⁹]Cu⋯[d¹⁰]Au coinage bond.

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13

Mustofa, Salim, Patricius Purwanto, and Wisnu Ari Adi. "The influence of layer thickness on the electrical property of metal-CNT (metal: Cu) composite." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14, no. 4 (December 16, 2018): 509–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n4.1240.

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The composite of Metal – MWCNT (Metal: Cu) were made by using solid-state reaction method for 1 hour at R.T. after mixing the Multiwalled - CNT (MWCNT) and Copper (Cu) powder with 3% weight of Cu. The result of electrical property measured using LCR meter indicated that the conductivities value of MWCNT/Cu was increased in proportion to the increase of layer thickness of composite and the increasing of frequency measurement. On the other hand, the capacitance value of the MWCNT/Cu composite sample was decreased by the increasing of frequency measurement. From the analysis of cole-cole plot, the MWCNT/Cu composite indicated the peak maximum at certainl frequency, which shows the possibility of achievable polarizability. We have measured the Raman spectra of MWCNT/Cu composites to evaluate the state of dispersion and the Cu-filler interactions reflected, by shifts changes of the peaks. All the Raman bands of the carbon nanotubes are seen at wave number around of 1326 cm-1 (D band), and a wave number around of 1617 cm-1 (second harmonic G band).

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14

Suner, Selin S., Mehtap Sahiner, Ramesh S. Ayyala, Venkat R. Bhethanabotla, and Nurettin Sahiner. "Nitrogen-Doped Arginine Carbon Dots and Its Metal Nanoparticle Composites as Antibacterial Agent." C—Journal of Carbon Research 6, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c6030058.

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Nitrogen (N)-doped arginine carbon dots (Arg CD) were successfully synthesized using arginine as the amine source and citric acid as the carbon source via a one-pot green synthesis microwave-assisted technique in 2 min. Ag and Cu nanoparticles (NP) were generated within N-doped Arg CDs as composite Arg-Ag CDs and Arg-Cu CDs to render enhanced antibacterial properties. TEM analysis revealed that Arg CDs are in graphitic structures with d spacing ranging from 0.5 nm to 10 nm. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of Arg CDs with 6.250 mg/mL were decreased by about 100-fold for Arg-Ag CDs and ten-fold for Arg-Cu CDs with 0.062 and 0.625 mg/mL MIC values against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The highest antibacterial susceptibility was observed for the Arg-Ag CD composite with 0.125 and 0.312 mg/mL minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against Gram negative S. aureus and Gram positive Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria strains, respectively. It was found that the metal NPs within Arg CDs significantly increased the antibacterial properties of CDs making them available in the treatment of infections caused by different bacterial species. Furthermore, Arg-Ag CD and Arg-Cu CD composites were tested for Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, E.C. 3.1.1.7) that break down acetylcholine (ACh) into choline and acetic acid leading to the loss of ACh which plays an essential role as neurotransmitter in Alzheimer disease. It was found that Arg-Cu CDs inhibited 74.9 ± 0.8% and Arg-Ag CDs inhibited 52.1 ± 3.8% of AChE at a 1.82 mg/mL concentration versus no inhibition for Arg-CD. Moreover, the chelating activity of Arg-Cu CDs and Arg-Ag CDs were tested for Fe(II) and it was found that almost 100% chelating was attained at 116 μg composites versus no measurable chelation for bare Arg CDs, suggesting the potential neurodegenerative disease treatment properties of these composite CDs in the brain.

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15

Knauer, Mark, and Chris van de Ligt. "PSIII-20 The Effects of Basic Copper Chloride Sources on Pig Grow-Finish Performance." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (April 12, 2022): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.240.

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Abstract The objective was to evaluate differences in grow-finish performance between 2 sources of basic copper chloride (BCC), IntelliBond C and another hydroxy chloride mineral (OHTM) BCC in the presence of a control diet. Pigs (n = 1,053) at the NCDA Tidewater Research Station were used. Sows were Landrace × Large White composites mated to Smithfield Premium Genetics’ Duroc boars. At 30.9 kg, gilts and barrows were randomly allocated within sex to one of 117 finishing pens (9 pigs per pen, .69 m2 per pig). Treatments included a control (15 ppm CuSO4), IntelliBond C (150 ppm Cu) and an OHTM Cu (150 ppm Cu). Treatments were fed from weaning to market and finisher entry to market in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Pigs were individually weighed at d 0, 28, 56 and at market. Housing consisted of fully slatted floors and natural ventilation. Traits included pig weight, ADG, ADFI, Feed:Gain, body weight CV, carcass weight and yield. Experiment, barn location, sex and diet were included in statistical models. Pen was the experimental unit. Both sources of BCC outperformed the control diet, having increased (P < 0.01) ADG from d 0 to market driven by increased (P < 0.05) ADFI. Yet pigs fed IntelliBond C had greater (P = 0.01) ADG from d 0 to market when compared with those fed OHTM. The enhanced growth of IntelliBond C was driven by numerically greater average daily feed intake and improved feed efficiency. The improved gain resulted in a greater (P < 0.05) body weight at marketing and persisted in a greater (P < 0.05) hot carcass weight for basic copper chloride sources compared with CuSO4 and for IntelliBond C compared with OHTM Cu. Results suggest BCC enhances finishing throughput and that performance differences exist between BCC sources.

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16

Sato, Ryuji, Takayuki Komatsu, and Kazumasa Matusita. "Effect of Cu+ content on properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox glass." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 160, no. 1-2 (July 1993): 180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(93)90299-d.

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17

Yoo, Ji-Eun, and Young-Min Kang. "Fabrication and Electromagnetic wave absorption Properties of Co-Cu-substituted Ni-Zn Spinel Ferrite-epoxy Composites." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 58, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2020.58.12.887.

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Spinel ferrites (Ni0.5Zn0.5)1-x-yCoxCuyFe2O4, (x = 0 and y = 0, x = 0.2 and y = 0, x = 0.1 and y = 0.1, x = 0 and y = 0.2) were prepared by sol-gel method and post-annealed at 1100 oC. The grain growth of the sample is very sensitive to the Cu substitution y. The average grain size of the non-doped sample (x = 0, y = 0) was ~400 nm and it increased to ~3 μm at the sample with x = 0 and y = 0.2. The real and imaginary parts of permittivities (ε', ε") and permeabilities (μ', μ") were measured on the spinel ferrite powder-epoxy (10 wt%) composite samples by a network vector analyzer in the frequency range of 0.1 ≤ f ≤ 15 GHz. The μ' and μ" depend on Co substitution x and the ε' is sensitive to Cu doping y. Reflection loss (RL), which implies electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption properties, were analyzed based on the complex permeability, permittivity spectra. In the RL map plotted as functions of sample thickness (d) and frequency (f), the intensive EM absorbing area (RL < -30 dB) shifted to a high frequency region with increasing Co substitution. This can be attributed to a permeability spectra shift, due to the increase in ferromagnetic resonance frequency produced by the Co substitution. The samples with x = 0.1 and y = 0.1, x = 0.2 and y = 0 also exhibited a very broad-ranged EM wave absorbing performance with a d < 3 mm, indicated by RL < -10 dB being satisfied in the frequency range 7~14 GHz.

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18

Yu, D. P., W. Staiger, and M. Kléman. "Transmission electron microscopy study of defects in AlLiCu quasicrystals." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 153-154 (February 1993): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(93)90394-d.

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19

Lu, Po-Wen, Chonlachat Jaihao, Li-Chern Pan, Po-Wei Tsai, Ching-Shuan Huang, Agnese Brangule, Aleksej Zarkov, Aivaras Kareiva, Hsin-Ta Wang, and Jen-Chang Yang. "The Processing and Electrical Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene/Copper Nanowire Composites." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 3369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163369.

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Polypropylene (PP), a promising engineering thermoplastic, possesses the advantages of light weight, chemical resistance, and flexible processability, yet preserving insulative properties. For the rising demand for cost-effective electronic devices and system hardware protections, these applications require the proper conductive properties of PP, which can be easily modified. This study investigates the thermal and electrical properties of isotactic polypropylene/copper nanowires (i-PP/CuNWs). The CuNWs were harvested by chemical reduction of CuCl2 using a reducing agent of glucose, capping agent of hexadecylamine (HDA), and surfactant of PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate. Their morphology, light absorbance, and solution homogeneity were investigated by SEM, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and optical microscopy. The averaged diameters and the length of the CuNWs were 66.4 ± 16.1 nm and 32.4 ± 11.8 µm, respectively. The estimated aspect ratio (L/D, length-to-diameter) was 488 ± 215 which can be recognized as 1-D nanomaterials. Conductive i-PP/CuNWs composites were prepared by solution blending using p-xylene, then melt blending. The thermal analysis and morphology of CuNWs were characterized by DSC, polarized optical microscopy (POM), and SEM, respectively. The melting temperature decreased, but the crystallization temperature increasing of i-PP/CuNWs composites were observed when increasing the content of CuNWs by the melt blending process. The WAXD data reveal the coexistence of Cu2O and Cu in melt-blended i-PP/CuNWs composites. The fit of the electrical volume resistivity (ρ) with the modified power law equation: ρ = ρo (V − Vc)−t based on the percolation theory was used to find the percolation concentration. A low percolation threshold value of 0.237 vol% and high critical exponent t of 2.96 for i-PP/CuNWs composites were obtained. The volume resistivity for i-PP/CuNWs composite was 1.57 × 107 Ω-cm at 1 vol% of CuNWs as a potential candidate for future conductive materials.

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Li, Pengcheng, Xuepei Xiao, Lizhou Wu, Xu Li, Hong Zhang, and Jianting Zhou. "Study on the Shear Strength of Root-Soil Composite and Root Reinforcement Mechanism." Forests 13, no. 6 (June 9, 2022): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13060898.

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This study investigates the effects of root distributions and stress paths on the shear strength of root-soil composites using a consolidated-undrained (CU) triaxial test. On the basis of the limit equilibrium, two root reinforcement coefficients (n and m) are proposed for characterizing the effects of shear strength parameters on the principal stress considering different root distribution angles and root diameters. Then, n and m are introduced into the conventional limit equilibrium equation to develop a new limit equilibrium equation for root-soil composites. The results demonstrate that the root distribution angles (α) and root diameters (d) affect the shear strength of the root-soil composites. Under a consolidated-undrained condition, the effective cohesion (crs′) of the rooted soil is high and decreases in the order of 90°, 0°, 30° and 60°. For the same root distribution angle, crs′ increases with the increasing root diameter. Meanwhile, the effective internal friction angle (φrs′) changes slightly. The failure principal stress of the root-soil composites is positively correlated with n and m. Furthermore, the deformation of the samples indicates that the run-through rate of α = 90° and α = 0° are both 0. Meanwhile, the lateral deformation rate declines from 17.0% for α = 60° to 10.9% for α = 90°.

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21

ZHORNIK, Viktor I., and Svetlana A. KOVALIOVA. "ENERGY STATE ESTIMATION OF MECHANOCOMPOSITES CONTAINING FUSIBLE COMPONENTS BASED ON ANALYSIS OF FINE STRUCTURE PARAMETERS AND THERMAL EFFECTS." Mechanics of Machines, Mechanisms and Materials 4, no. 53 (December 2020): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46864/1995-0470-2020-4-53-77-84.

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Energy state of composites obtained by mechanical alloying of the Cu-Sn and Fe-Ga powder mixtures during high-energy processing in the planetary ball mill is evaluated by the methods of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is shown that during mechanical alloying the total amount of accumulated energy can reach 80 % of the composite melting enthalpy. The greatest contribution to the structuralphase transformations is made by the phase changes of elastic deformations and grain boundaries. The obtained XRD data are consistent with the DSC data. Three endothermic effects are established at temperatures of 507, 792 and 905–1085 °C for the mechanocomposite with the composition Cu20Sn, the value of these thermal effects is significantly reduced (to 0.79, 16.29 and 36 J/g, respectively) relative to an alloy of similar composition obtained by metallurgical methods. The following criteria of estimation of the most probable processes of structural-phase transformations are proposed based on the energy state of mechanocomposites: the structure of the composite is activated at ΔEε << ΔEs; new phases (solid solutions, intermetallic compounds) are formed at ΔEε ≈ ΔEs; the structure ordering processes take place at ΔEε > ΔEs. The decrease in the values of the energy of elastic deformations ΔEε during prolonged mechanical alloying may indicate the increase of the role of the diffusion processes and the formation of ordered structures, which will contribute to the increase of thermal stability of the grain boundaries. According to these criteria, the dose of the introduced mechanical energy to obtain hardened mechanocomposites of the Cu-Sn composition is to meet the conditions: D ≥ 3.4 kJ/g for Cu-Sn mechanocomposites; D ≥ 37.8 kJ/g for Fe-Ga mechanocomposites.

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22

Yamaguchi, Kazuki, Akari Takemura, Saki Furumoto, Ryohei Oka, and Toshiyuki Masui. "Inorganic Green Pigments Based on LaSr2AlO5." Ceramics 6, no. 4 (November 22, 2023): 2269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6040138.

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La1.03Sr1.97Al0.97M0.03O5 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) samples were synthesized using a citrate sol–gel method to develop a novel environmentally friendly inorganic green pigment. Among them, the Co-doped sample exhibited a vivid yellow, but not green. Then, (La0.94Ca0.06)Sr2(Al0.97Mn0.03)O5 was synthesized and characterized with respect to the crystal structure, optical properties, and color. The sample was obtained in a single-phase form and the lattice volume was smaller than that of the (La0.94Ca0.06)Sr2AlO5 sample, indicating that Mn ions in the lattice of the sample were pentavalent. The sample exhibited optical absorption at a wavelength below 400 nm and around 650 nm. These absorptions were attributed to the ligand, the metal charge transfer (LMCT), and d-d transitions of Mn5+. Because the green light corresponding to 500 to 560 nm was reflected strongly, the synthesized sample exhibited a bright green color. (La0.94Ca0.06)Sr2(Al0.97Mn0.03)O5 showed high brightness (L* = 50.1) and greenness (a* = −20.8), and these values were as high as those of the conventional green pigments such as chromium oxide and cobalt green. Therefore, the (La0.94Ca0.06)Sr2(Al0.97Mn0.03)O5 pigment is a potential candidate for a novel environmentally friendly inorganic green pigment.

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23

Sahu, Sumit Ranjan, Mayanglambam Manolata Devi, Puspal Mukherjee, Pratik Sen, and Krishanu Biswas. "Optical Property Characterization of Novel Graphene-X (X=Ag, Au and Cu) Nanoparticle Hybrids." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/232409.

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The present investigation reports new results on optical properties of graphene-metal nanocomposites. These composites were prepared by a solution-based chemical approach. Graphene has been prepared by thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO) at 90°C by hydrazine hydrate in an ammoniacal medium. This ammoniacal solution acts as a solvent as well as a basic medium where agglomeration of graphene can be prevented. This graphene solution has further been used for functionalization with Ag, Au, and Cu nanoparticles (NPs). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to reveal the nature and type of interaction of metal nanoparticles with graphene. The results indicate distinct shift of graphene bands both in Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopies due to the presence of the metal nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopic analysis indicates blue shift of D and G bands in Raman spectra of graphene due to the presence of metal nanoparticles except for the G band of Cu-G, which undergoes red shift, reflecting the charge transfer interaction between graphene sheets and metal nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis also indicates blue shift of graphene absorption peak in the hybrids. The plasmon peak position undergoes blue shift in Ag-G, whereas red shift is observed in Au-G and Cu-G.

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24

Pisarek, B. P. "Granulation of Cu-Al-Fe-Ni Bronze." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 3 (August 8, 2014): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0063.

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Abstract With the increase in wall thickness of the casting of iron-nickel-aluminium-bronze, by the reduction of the cooling rate the size of κII phase precipitates increases. This process, in the case of complex aluminium bronzes with additions of Cr, Mo and W is increased. Crystallization of big κII phase, during slow cooling of the casting, reduces the concentration of additives introduced to the bronze matrix and hardness. Undertaken research to develop technology of thick-walled products (g> 6 mm) of complex aluminium bronzes. Particular attention was paid to the metallurgy of granules. As a result, a large cooling speed of the alloy, and also high-speed solidification casting a light weight of the granules allows: to avoid micro-and macrosegregation, decreasing the particle size, increase the dispersion of phases in multiphase alloys. Depending on the size granules as possible is to provide finished products with a wall thickness greater than 6 mm by infiltration of liquid alloy of granules (composites). Preliminary studies was conducted using drip method granulate of CuAl10Fe5Ni5 bronze melted in a INDUTHERM-VC 500 D Vacuum Pressure Casting Machine. This bronze is a starting alloy for the preparation of the complex aluminium bronzes with additions of Cr, Mo, W and C or Si. Optimizations of granulation process was carried out. As the process control parameters taken a casting temperature t (°C) and the path h (mm) of free-fall of the metal droplets in the surrounding atmosphere before it is intensively cooled in a container of water. The granulate was subjected to a sieve analysis. For the objective function was assume maximize of the product of Um*n, the percentage weight “Um” and the quantity of granules ‘n’ in the mesh fraction. The maximum value of the ratio obtained for mesh fraction a sieve with a mesh aperture of 6.3 mm. In the intensively cooled granule of bronze was identified microstructure composed of phases: β and fine bainite (α+β′+β′1) and a small quantity of small precipitates κII phase. Get high microhardness bronze at the level of 323±27,9 HV0,1.

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25

El-Zoka, Ayman A. "(Invited) Making Nanostructured Composites Via Inner-Pore Electrodeposition into Nanoporous Metals." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 21 (December 22, 2023): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02211281mtgabs.

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The selective removal of Ag from a solid solution of Ag-Au or Ag-Au-Pt yields a 3D bicontinuous, open-pore, nanoporous gold substrate (NPG), that is rich in the more noble metal(s)1 (Au and/or Pt). NPG has been successfully developed by the intelligent use of the conventionally-undesired dealloying corrosion. The excellent properties of NPG are attributed to the surface area-to-volume ratio, and high curvature of nanoligament surfaces2,3 . While a lot of recent research has been focusing on the structure/property relationships of NPG as a functional material in its own right4,5, the further use of NPG as a sophisticated template for fabricating complex nanostructured materials is worthy of attention. Previous work on atom probe tomography characterization of NPG6,7 showed the successful inner-pore electrodeposition of a fully compact Cu support, thus, opening the door to implementing that newly developed method to the creation of finely tuned nanostructures, using NPG as a template. Fabrication of functional nanostructures pertaining to the interests of the catalysis and mechanics communities will be demonstrated through the electrodeposition of Cu and Co on NPG. Key aspects that enable this unexpected complete infiltration of NPG layer will be highlighted including, a characteristic "subpotential" curvature-driven electrodeposition regime8. Insights on the associated electrodeposition mechanisms are gained through the pairing of electrochemical methods and high-resolution characterization techniques. Furthermore, recent advances in structural and chemical modifications that increase the complexity and tunability of NPG-based nanocomposites will be discussed for the first time. References Newman, R. C. 2.05 - Dealloying. in Shreir’s Corrosion (eds. Cottis, B. et al.) 801–809 (Elsevier, 2010). Zielasek, V. et al. Gold Catalysts: Nanoporous Gold Foams. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 45, 8241–8244 (2006). Xue, Y., Markmann, J., Duan, H., Weissmüller, J. & Huber, P. Switchable imbibition in nanoporous gold. Nature Communications 5, (2014). Wittstock, A., Wichmann, A., Biener, J. & Bäumer, M. Nanoporous gold: A new gold catalyst with tunable properties. Faraday Discuss (2011) doi:10.1039/c1fd00022e. Li, X. et al. Nanoporous-Gold-Based Hybrid Cantilevered Actuator Dealloyed and Driven by A Modified Rotary Triboelectric Nanogenerator. Sci Rep (2016) doi:10.1038/srep24092. El-Zoka, A. A., Langelier, B., Botton, G. A. & Newman, R. C. Enhanced analysis of nanoporous gold by atom probe tomography. Mater Charact 128, (2017). El-Zoka, A. A., Langelier, B., Korinek, A., Botton, G. A. & Newman, R. C. Nanoscale mechanism of the stabilization of nanoporous gold by alloyed platinum. Nanoscale 10, (2018). Lee, L., He, D., Carcea, A. G. & Newman, R. C. Exploring the reactivity and nanoscale morphology of de-alloyed layers. Corros Sci 49, 72–80 (2007).

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26

Wang, Chuantong, Peng Zhang, Jinjun Guo, Hongsen Zhang, and Tingya Wang. "Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash on Microstructure and Hydration Mechanism of Geopolymer Composites." Buildings 12, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060723.

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The geopolymerization process is an appropriate way of disposing of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA), and possesses the advantages of immobilizing the heavy metals and making full use of its pozzolanic properties in manufacturing green, cementitious materials. In this study, coal fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK) were used to prepare a geopolymer composite, with MK partially replaced by different proportions of MSWIFA through the alkali-activation method. The microstructure and hydration mechanism of the geopolymer composites containing MSWIFA were investigated through mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) tests; and the immobilization effect of the geopolymer paste on heavy metal ions was explored through inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The MIP analysis showed that the addition of MFARR had an overall degrading effect on the pore structure of the matrix. When the content of MSWIFA reached the maximum of 35%, the porosity and average pore diameter increased by 25% and 16%, respectively, corresponding to the case without MSWIFA. However, the pore size distribution exhibited an improving trend when the MFARR was increased from 15% to 25%. The SEM images revealed that the integrity of the micromorphology of the geopolymer mortar became weaker after adding MSWIFA. When the MSWIFA content was increased to 35%, the microstructural compactness decreased and more pores and microcracks appeared in the matrix. The FT-IR pattern study suggested that all the geopolymer composites had a similar internal structure, consisting of O-H, C-O, Si-O-Si, and Si-O-Al. The main component of the geopolymer paste hydrated at 28 d remained dominated by calcium silica-aluminate (C-A-S-H), when the MSWIFA ranged from 0% to 35%. Finally, the ICP-AES results showed that the leaching concentrations of the geopolymer paste of J-40 at 28 d for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn met the requirements of Chinese standards.

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27

Kang, Kaijin, Fei Liang, Xianghe Meng, Jian Tang, Tixian Zeng, Mingjun Xia, Zheshuai Lin, Wenlong Yin та Kang Bin. "K4Cu3(C3N3O3)2X (X = Cl, Br): strong anisotropic layered semiconductors containing mixed p–p and d–p conjugated π-bonds". Chemical Communications 56, № 83 (2020): 12534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc04547k.

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Metal cyanurates K₄Cu₃(C₃N₃O₃)₂X (X = Cl, Br) containing π-conjugated anions are synthesized in flame-sealed silica tubes and they exhibit 2D graphene-like layered structures and intriguing semiconductor behaviors.

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28

Zhang, Lingyun, Dajiang Mei, Yuanwang Wu, Chenfei Shen, Wenxin Hu, Lujia Zhang, Jinjin Li, Yuandong Wu, and Xiao He. "Syntheses, structures, optical properties, and electronic structures of Ba6Cu2GSn4S16 (G = Fe, Ni) and Sr6D2FeSn4S16 (D = Cu, Ag)." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 272 (April 2019): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2019.01.024.

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29

Paidpilli, Mahesh, and Venkat Selvamanickam. "Development of RE-Ba-Cu-O superconductors in the U.S. for ultra-high field magnets." Superconductor Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (February 23, 2022): 043001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac5162.

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Abstract High-temperature superconductors (HTSs) make it possible to achieve magnetic fields beyond the 23.5 T limit of low-temperature superconductors. For higher energy density, high-performance HTS with J e > 1000 A mm−2 enables reduction in coil winding length and a smaller magnet size. Among HTS, REBa2Cu3O7−δ (REBCO, RE = rare earth) exhibits excellent mechanical properties and superior performance over a wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields. REBCO tapes can be converted to various formats, including round wires. The state-of-the-art REBCO superconductors for ultra-high field magnets, including cable/wire architectures, are reviewed. R&D needs to address the remaining challenges with REBCO superconductors for ultra-high magnetic field applications is discussed.

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30

Barbe, Julien, Anthony Valero, Emanuele Barborini, and Guillaume Lamblin. "Synthesis of Graphene / Copper Composite Thin Foils As Innovative Anode Current Collectors for Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 9 (December 22, 2023): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0291004mtgabs.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are now considered as standard power storage units in laptops, mobile phones, and electric cars. Yet, they trigger important and constant R&D efforts to improve their energy density, lifespan, safety, and cost efficiency. Among LIB components, anodic copper current collector contributes to 8.1% of the total LIB weight [1]. In their ongoing quest to reduce the thickness of the anodic electrode foils, manufacturers face now a 6 µm thickness limitation due to mechanical issues (wrinkling and tearing) complicating their processing. In this context, using lighter materials with improved mechanical properties (with equal or improved thermal and electrical conductivity) compared to pristine copper is considered as an interesting solution to contribute to a further improvement of Lithium-Ion Batteries energy density. Owing to its high mechanical properties, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and low density [2], graphene and its derivates could be considered as promising materials to fabricate graphene / copper composites and achieve thinner / lighter current collectors. Such composites have already been successfully synthetised using copper electroplating with clear thermal and mechanical improvement [3]. The work to be presented in this talk will describe a new and simple route for the fabrication of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) or graphene oxide (GO) / copper composites consisting of : (i) the dispersion of graphene derivates in ethanol, (ii) their spraying onto Titanium substrate, (iii) a post electroplating on the sprayed graphene materials. In case of GNPs, a prior functionalization by polydopamine biopolymer is performed to increase their hydrophilicity and allow their dispersion. The polydopamine polymerization mechanism is known in literature to be complex and not extensively understood. The investigations done to understand the functionalization of GNPs by polydopamine using different techniques like Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) will be shared. Moreover, the use of Helium Ions Microscopy coupled with Secondary Ions Mass Spectrometer (HIM-SIMS) has been chosen as an original and powerful technique to further study the conformation of polydopamine onto GNPs. Finally, we will present the fabrication of thin graphene oxide copper composite foils and their characterization using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). A special focus will be given on the comprehension of copper nucleation behaviour on Graphene materials that remains not well studied. Electrochemical techniques such as impedance and current transient nucleation and growth analysis is currently under testing. [1] Zhu, P. Gastol, D. Marshall, J. Sommerville, R. Goodship, V. Kendrick, E. J Power Sources, 485, 229321 (2021) [2] Fatemeh Farjadian et al. Recent Developments in Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Properties, Synthesis, and Modifications: A Review 5,10200-10219, Chemistry Europe (2020) [3] Song, G. et al.. One-step synthesis of sandwich-type Cu/graphene/Cu ultrathin foil with enhanced property via electrochemical route. Materials and Design, 191, 108629. (2020)

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31

Elkatatny, Sally, Mohammed F. Alsharekh, Abdulrahman I. Alateyah, Samar El-Sanabary, Ahmed Nassef, Mokhtar Kamel, Majed O. Alawad, Amal BaQais, Waleed H. El-Garaihy, and Hanan Kouta. "Optimizing the Powder Metallurgy Parameters to Enhance the Mechanical Properties of Al-4Cu/xAl2O3 Composites Using Machine Learning and Response Surface Approaches." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (June 25, 2023): 7483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137483.

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This study comprehensively investigates the impact of various parameters on aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) fabricated using the powder metallurgy (PM) technique. An Al-Cu matrix composite (2xxx series) was employed in the current study, and Al2O3 was used as a reinforcement. The performance evaluation of the Al-4Cu/Al2O3 composite involved analyzing the influence of the Al2O3 weight percent (wt. %), the height-to-diameter ratio (H/D) of the compacted samples, and the compaction pressure. Different concentrations of the Al2O3 reinforcement, namely 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10% by weight, were utilized, while the compaction process was conducted for one hour under varying pressures of 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 MPa. The compacted Al-4Cu/Al2O3 composites were in the form of cylindrical discs with a fixed diameter of 20 mm and varying H/D ratios of 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, and 2.0. Moreover, the machine learning (ML), design of experiment (DOE), response surface methodology (RSM), genetic algorithm (GA), and hybrid DOE-GA methodologies were utilized to thoroughly investigate the physical properties, such as the relative density (RD), as well as the mechanical properties, including the hardness distribution, fracture strain, yield strength, and compression strength. Subsequently, different statistical analysis approaches, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), 3D response surface plots, and ML approaches, were employed to predict the output responses and optimize the input variables. The optimal combination of variables that demonstrated significant improvements in the RD, fracture strain, hardness distribution, yield strength, and compression strength of the Al-4Cu/Al2O3 composite was determined using the RSM, GA, and hybrid DOE-GA approaches. Furthermore, the ML and RSM models were validated, and their accuracy was evaluated and compared, revealing close agreement with the experimental results.

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32

Bahrololoomi, Arash, Emma Sabourin, Hubert K. Bilan, and Elizabeth J. Podlaha. "Electrodeposition of Ni-Fe-Co and Ni-Fe Graphene Oxide Alloy Composites." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 55 (August 28, 2023): 2685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01552685mtgabs.

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Graphene platelets can impart unique properties to metal matrices, such as enhanced conductivity, mechanical, thermal properties and catalytic activity.1,2 The electrodeposited process to fabricate composite metal matrices has an advantage over other techniques because it can avoid high heat treatment and deformation during fabrication, which can damage the intrinsic structure of graphene plates. Graphene itself is difficult to disperse and incorporate into electrodeposited films, but the oxidized form, having abundant surface functional groups, can be readily dispersed into aqueous solutions. Examples of electrodeposited metals with included graphene oxide (GO) from the electrolyte include elemental deposits such as Ni,3-4 Cu,2,5-6 and Co.7,8 In these studies, graphene oxide addition to the metal matrices promoted enhanced thermal conductivity in Cu,6 grain refinement in Ni4 and Cu5, improved wear resistance of Co7,8 and in the case of Ni changed its preferred crystallographic orientation.3 In alloy electrodeposition, the particle in the electrolyte may also alter the deposit composition through disparate changes in the individual metal ion partial current densities. The alloys containing Fe, Ni and Co from the reduction of their metal ions are of interest for their peculiar behavior, where there tends to be an inhibition of the more noble species reduction reaction (e.g. Ni, Co) in favor of the less noble (Fe) referred to as anomalous codeposition.9 To examine the influence of graphene oxide on the deposit composition, Ni-Fe-Co alloys were galvanostatically electrodeposited from a boric acid-sulfamate electrolyte containing commercial graphene oxide plates. Rotating disk electrodes were used to control the hydrodynamic environment near the cathode. The composition, morphology and structure were examined. The addition of graphene oxide resulted in a change in deposit composition, particularly for Fe and Ni, at low cathodic current densities less than 50 mA/cm2, with the deposit becoming less anomalous with the addition of graphene oxide. The change in composition is thought to be derived from a decrease in adsorbed iron intermediates from an anomalous codeposition model. The partial current densities of Ni-Fe-Co deposition with a measure of ohmically corrected potential are compared with Ni-Fe, Ni and Fe deposition with graphene. References H.G. P. Kumar, M. A.Xavior, Procedia Eng. 97 1033 (2014). J. Biswal, P. R. Vundavilli, and A. Gupt, J. Electrochem. Soc., 167 146501 (2020). D. Kuang, L. Xu, L. Liu, W. Hu, Y. Wu, Appl. Surf. Sci., 273, 484 (2013). J. Li, Z. An, Z. Wang, M. Toda, and T. Ono, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 3969 (2016). L. P. Pavithra, B. V. Sarada, K. V. Rajulapati, T, N. Rao and G. Sundararajan, Nature Sci Rep 4, 4049 (2014). K. Jagannadham, Metall. Mater. Trans B 43 B 316 (2012). C. Liu, F. Su, J. Liang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 351 889 (2015). A. Toosinezhad, M. Alinezhadfar, S. Mahdavi, Ceram. Int., 46, 16886 (2020). A. Brenner, Electrodeposition of Alloys: Principles and Practice, Academic Press Inc., New York, pp. 399-450 (1963).

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33

Sun, Ping-Ping, Yu-Hang Zhang, Hongwei Shi, and Fa-Nian Shi. "Study on the properties of Cu powder modified 3-D Co-MOF in electrode materials of lithium ion batteries." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 307 (March 2022): 122740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122740.

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34

Dhongde, Vicky, Muthuraja Velpandian, Mohammad Ali Haider та Suddhasatwa Basu. "A Sr₂CoNbO_6-δ@Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_2- _δ nanofiber composite as cathode accelerates oxygen reduction reaction for IT-SOFC". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, № 54 (28 серпня 2023): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154357mtgabs.

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Boosting the lower oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of perovskite cathode material is essential for the development and widespread use of IT-SOFC. Oxygen ion migration at the cathode-electrolyte interface can enhance by introducing structural modifications consisting of high grain boundary density and heterointerfaces [1]. Herein, we fabricated Sr2CoNbO6- δ @Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SCNO@SDC) nanofiber composite using an electrospinning technique and examined the electrochemical impedance for the symmetric cell in air atmosphere. The distinct phases of SCNO and SDC were observed from XRD and FESEM-EDAX analysis. The ionic conductivity was analysed to monitor the electrochemical activity of synthesised material, and the results illustrated that the activation energy for the nanofiber was 0.51 eV lower than conventional composites’ 0.73 eV. The thermal expansion coefficient showed improvement as the value of 14.3 Х 10-6 K-1 for nanofiber composite than the 17.6 Х 10-6 K-1 of SCNO-SDC [2]. The symmetric SCNO|SDC|SCNO cell electrodes from nanofiber were fabricated, and electrochemical performance was compared with 20% SDC-SCNO composite in an air atmosphere with varying temperatures from 500oC to 700oC. Figure 1. compares polarisation resistance with increased temperature for nanofiber and conventional electrodes. The polarization resistance significantly decreased from 2.76 Ω cm2 to 0.69 Ω cm2 for the nanofiber composite than the conventional electrode 5.2 Ω cm2 to 2.1 Ω cm2 [3]. The sluggish ORR activity improved due to unique microstructure, high porosity, and specific surface area, which provides extensive triple phase boundaries and a continuous path for charge transfer [4]. Therefore, SCNO@SDC nanofiber composite offers an alternative approach for attaining efficient performance of IT-SOFC. References Choi, Y., Cho, H. J., Kim, J., Kang, J. Y., Seo, J., Kim, J. H., & Jung, W. (2022). Nanofiber Composites as Highly Active and Robust Anodes for Direct-Hydrocarbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. ACS nano, 16(9), 14517-14526. Li, Z., Peng, M., Zhao, Y., Li, J., & Sun, Y. (2021). Minimized thermal expansion mismatch of cobalt-based perovskite air electrodes for solid oxide cells. Nanoscale, 13(47), 20299-20308. Kumari, N., Tiwari, P. K., Haider, M. A., & Basu, S. (2017). Electrochemical performance of infiltrated Cu-GDC and Cu-PDC cathode for CO2 electrolysis in a solid oxide cell. ECS Transactions, 78(1), 3329. Zhao, B., Zhang, L., Zhen, D., Yoo, S., Ding, Y., Chen, D., & Liu, M. (2017). A tailored double perovskite nanofiber catalyst enables ultrafast oxygen evolution. Nature communications, 8(1), 1-9. Figure 1

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Park, Jiwon, Chaehwa Jeong, Moony Na, Yusik Oh, Yongsoo Yang, and Hye Ryung Byon. "Pulse Electrodeposition of Cu on Porous Ag Framework for Electrochemical CO₂ Conversion to Ethanol." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 39 (July 7, 2022): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01391776mtgabs.

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Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is a simple and cost-benefit method to produce economically valuable materials such as carbon monoxide (CO), multi-carbon (C2+) oxygenate, and hydrocarbons. In particular, ethanol (EtOH) production is attractive to be applied for conventional transport fuels. However, there has been a lack of techniques to yield predominant EtOH from CO2. Copper (Cu), as the well-known and exclusive C2+ catalyst, thermodynamically prefers the production of (C2H4) compared to EtOH. Previous studies suggested that increased concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) as the intermediate of CO2 ameliorated the EtOH selectivity.1,2 Because the solubility of CO is very little in an aqueous electrolyte solution, surface diffusion of CO has been considered to enhance the local CO concentration. It suggests that catalyst interface is crucial to increasing EtOH yield, while little knowledge was developed. We prepared porous Ag inverse opal (AgIO) frameworks with a uniform pore size of ~ 600 nm. The CO2 gas was electrochemically reduced to CO with > 90% selectivity at -1.05 V vs. RHE. In addition, the CO settled in the pore, providing an opportunity for sequential electrochemical/chemical reactions. We deposited the ultra-thin Cu layer (2~10 nm) upon the Ag surface through the pulse electrodeposition technique (PED). This catalyst, indicated as PEDCu/AgIOs, performed ~33 % Faradaic efficiency (FE) of EtOH at -1.05 V vs. RHE. Moreover, PEDCu/AgIOs showed a high oxygenates ratio relative to hydrocarbons (FEoxygenate/FEC2H4) of 2.28, while H2 evolution was significantly suppressed. These results suggested that as-prepared thin Cu film was partially segregated, and the Ag surface was exposed, forming the mixed Ag and Cu interfaces in the given electrochemical condition. This hypothesis was confirmed by negligible EtOH from the Ag-free CuIOs structure. More importantly, the resulting EtOH selectivity outperformed Cu nanoparticles (~7 nm diameter) dispersed on AgIOs (7.45 % FE) and aggregated Cu nanostructures on AgIOs (17.65 % FE) prepared by the constant current mode of electrodeposition. We, therefore, anticipated that CO spillover was promoted by the remaining and ultra-thin Cu layer. Further experiments were conducted by controlling of the thickness, pore size, and interpore size of AgIO frameworks to understand their roles. PEDCu/AgIOs with larger AgIOs thickness and smaller pore size showed higher EtOH selectivity, while the interpore size did not significantly affect the product selectivity. In the presentation, I will discuss key parameters to determine EtOH selectivity and the presumable pathway of EtOH production in details. References Ting, L. R. L.; Piqué, O.; Lim, S. Y.; Tanhaei, M.; Calle-Vallejo, F.; Yeo, B. S., Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol on Copper–Silver Composites by Opening an Alternative Catalytic Pathway. ACS Catal. 2020, 10 (7), 4059-4069. Gurudayal; Perone, D.; Malani, S.; Lum, Y.; Haussener, S.; Ager, J. W., Sequential Cascade Electrocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to C-C Coupled Products. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2019, 2 (6), 4551-4559.

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Pastuhov, P., O. Lavrenyuk, B. Mykhalitchko, and V. Petrovskii. "FEATURES OF THE COPPER(II) CARBONATE INFLUENCE ON AN INFLAMMABILITY OF EPOXY-AMINE COMPOSITES." Fire Safety, no. 33 (December 31, 2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.33.2018.10.

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Introduction. Inflammation susceptibility and the nature of combustion are one of the most important characteristics for the parametrization of the fire hazard of polymer materials. Because ignition is the occurrence process of the persistent flame near the surface of the material, which is preceded by the process of propagation of the flame front on its surface, the predisposition to ignition of the polymer materials plays an important role in the aspect of initiation of fires. A comparative evaluation of inflammation susceptibility of substances of different nature was carried out basing the determination of the ignition point and self-ignition point. Purpose. The work aims to determine the peculiarities of the influence of copper(II) carbonate on the increase of ignition point and self-ignition point of epoxy-amine composites. Metods. The experimental determination of the ignition point and self-ignition point was carried out according to all-Union State Standard 12.1.044-89 (4.7, 4.9 items). Toward this end, three samples of the test material were prepared with a weight of 3 g. Before testing, samples were conditioned in air. Results. Data on the effect of copper(II) carbonate on the value of ignition point and self-ignition point of the epoxy-amine composites indicate that the epoxy-amine-based composite, cured by the traditional amine hardener (PEPA), has lowest temperature of the ignition and self-ignition. The temperture values of ignition and self-ignition increase as the content of copper(II) carbonate increases in the composite, measuring up a maximum value at 80 g of CuCO3 per 100 g of binder. It is proved that the reason for the increase of the ignition temperature and self-ignition temperature of the modified epoxy-amine composites is the appearance of strong coordination bonds that are formed due to the chemical binding of the combustible polyethylenepolyamine with the non-combustible inorganic salt (with copper(II) carbonate). The measured values of the ignition point and self-ignition point of the amine hardener (PEPA) of the epoxy-diane oligomer indicate that it is able to ignite at temperature 136ºC, and self-ignite at temperature 393ºС. After forming the chelate complex, the coordinated PEPA turns into a practically non-combustible substance. Conclusion. Consequently, the main factor that affects to make difficulty of ignition of organic nitrogen-containing substances is the efficient chemical binding N atoms of the combustible amine molecules with d-metal atom of the non-combustible inorganic salt, which is accompanied by the formation of sufficiently strong coordination bonds of the Cu(ІІ)¬N type. The resistance to ignition of the modified polymeric composites will depend on the binding strength of the copper(II) salt with an amine hardener. The mechanism of the fire retardant influence of the d-metal salts on combustion of the epoxy-amine-based composites consists in this. So, copper(II) compounds, in particular copper(II) carbonate, can successfully be used as the fire retardant additives enabling of efficiently lowering the fire hazard of synthetic polymers based on epoxy-amine composites.

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Sistaninia, M., S. Terzi, A. B. Phillion, J. M. Drezet, and M. Rappaz. "3-D granular modeling and in situ X-ray tomographic imaging: A comparative study of hot tearing formation and semi-solid deformation in Al–Cu alloys." Acta Materialia 61, no. 10 (June 2013): 3831–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2013.03.021.

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Zhang, Yingying, Dandan Hu, Huajun Yang, Jian Lin, and Tao Wu. "Synthesis, crystal structure, near-IR photoelectric response of two 1-D selenides: [Cu 2 MSe 5 ]·[Mn(H + -en) 2 (en)] (M=Ge, Sn)." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 251 (July 2017): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2017.04.006.

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Wang, Duo-Zhi, Xin-Fang Wang, Jia-Qiang Du, Jun-Liang Dong, and Fei Xie. "2-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid as linker for Co(II)/Ni(II)/Cu(II) coordination polymers: Synthesis, structures and properties." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 258 (February 2018): 728–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2017.12.007.

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Sah, Ajay K., Merii Kato та Tomoaki Tanase. "Trinuclear coordinatively labile Cu(ii) complex of 4,6-O-ethylidene-β-d-glucopyranosylamine derived Schiff base ligand and its reactivity towards primary alcohols and amines". Chem. Commun., № 5 (2005): 675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b413923b.

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Manzoor, K., V. Aditya, S. R. Vadera, N. Kumar, and T. R. N. Kutty. "A Single-Source Solid-Precursor Method for Making Eco-Friendly Doped Semiconductor Nanoparticles Emitting Multi-Color Luminescence." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.149.

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A novel synthesis method is presented for the preparation of eco-friendly, doped semiconductor nanocrystals encapsulated within oxide-shells, both formed sequentially from a single-source solid-precursor. Highly luminescent ZnS nanoparticles, in situ doped with Cu+–Al3+ pairs and encapsulated with ZnO shells are prepared by the thermal decomposition of a solid-precursor compound, zinc sulfato-thiourea-oxyhydroxide, showing layered crystal structure. The precursor compound is prepared by an aqueous wet-chemical reaction involving necessary chemical reagents required for the precipitation, doping and inorganic surface capping of the nanoparticles. The elemental analysis (C, H, N, S, O, Zn), quantitative estimation of different chemical groups (SO2−4 and NH−4) and infrared studies suggested that the precursor compound is formed by the intercalation of thiourea, and/or its derivatives thiocarbamate (CSNH−2), dithiocarbamate (CS2NH−2), etc., and ammonia into the gallery space of zinc-sulfato-oxyhydroxide corbel where the ZnII ions are both in the octahedral as well as tetrahedral coordination in the ratio 3 : 2 and the dopant ions are incorporated within octahedral voids. The powder X-ray diffraction of precursor compound shows high intensity basal reflection corresponding to the large lattice-plane spacing of d = 11.23 Å and the Rietveld analysis suggested orthorhombic structure with a = 9.71 Å, b = 12.48 Å, c = 26.43 Å, and β = 90°. Transmission electron microscopy studies show the presence of micrometer sized acicular monocrystallites with prismatic platy morphology. Controlled thermolysis of the solid-precursor at 70–110 °C leads to the collapse of layered structure due to the hydrolysis of interlayer thiourea molecules or its derivatives and the S2− ions liberated thereby reacts with the tetrahedral ZnII atoms leading to the precipitation of ZnS nanoparticles at the gallery space. During this process, the dopant ions situated at octahedral voids gets incorporated into the nano-ZnS lattice and results in bright photoluminescence. On further heat treatment above 1100 °C, the corbel zinc-oxyhydroxide sheets undergo dehydroxylation to form ZnO which eventually encapsulates the ZnS nanoparticles at the gallery leading to significant enhancement in the luminescence quantum efficiency, up to ∼22%. The emission color of thus formed nano-ZnS/micro-ZnO composites could be tuned over wide spectral ranges from 480 to 618 nm and the spectral changes are attributed to a number of factors including lattice defects, Cu+–Al3+ dopant-pairs and iso-electronic oxygen in nano-ZnS and oxygen-vacancy or -interstitial centers in non-stoichiometric ZnO.

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DAYA, Arun, and Arputharaj SAMSON NESARAJ. "Review of materials, functional components, fabrication technologies and assembling characteristics for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) – An update." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 33, no. 4 (December 13, 2023): 1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i4.1775.

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Fuel cells use electrochemical processes to transform the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy, which is a key enabler for the shift to an H2-based economy. Because of their high energy conversion efficiency and low pollution emissions, fuel cells with polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMFCs) are regarded as being in frontline of commercialization for the transportation and automotive industries. However, there are two major hurdles to their future commercialization: cost and durability, which promote basic study and development of their components. In this article, we reviewed the materials, functional components, fabrication technologies and assembling characteristics related to PEMFCs. Platinum's significance as a catalyst in PEMFC applications stems from the fact that it beats all other catalysts in three critical parts: stability, selectivity, and activity. In order to create Pt rich surfaces of NPs, Pt metal is alloyed with d-block metals like Cu, Ni, Fe, and Co. PEMFC development is inextricably tied to the benefits and drawbacks of the Nafion membrane under various operating circumstances. Nafion membrane has some drawbacks, including poor performance at high temperatures (over 90℃), low conductivity under low humidification, and high cost. As a result, a variety of nanoscale additives are frequently added to Nafion nanocomposites to enhance the material's properties under fuel cell working conditions. Fiber composite based bipolar plates can deliver best performance. The assembly of PEMFC based on strap approach is being explored. The applications of PEMFC are also projected.

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Silvianti, Fitrilia, Dwi Siswanta, Nurul Hidayat Aprilita, and Agung Abadi Kiswandono. "ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTIC OF IRON ONTO POLY[EUGENOL-CO-(DIVINYL BENZENE)] FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION." Jurnal Natural 17, no. 2 (September 23, 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v17i2.8076.

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A study on the adsorption characteristic of Iron onto Poly[eugenol-co-(divinyl benzene)] (EDVB) from aqueous solution has been conducted. EDVB was produced and characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy. The adsorption was studied by a batch method by considering the factors affecting the adsorption such as initial metal ion concentration, adsorption selectivity, and mechanism of adsorption using a sequential desorption method. The adsorption of Iron onto EDVB followed a pseudo-2 order kinetics model with the rate constant of 0,144 L2 mmol-1 min-1. The adsorption isotherm was studied with Tempkin, Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption capacity (Qmax) obtained by Langmuir isotherms was 250mg.L-1 while the equilibrium value was 0.8 Lmg-1. A competitive adsorption study showed that EDVB is adsorbed selectively towards Iron rather than Chromium, Coppers and Cadmium ions. The interaction type of Iron onto EDVB was determined by a sequential desorption.Keywords: Polyeugenol; divinyl benzene (DVB); adsorption; Iron; FeReferencesAbasi, C. Y.; Abia, A.A.; Igwe, J.C. Adsorption of Iron (III), Lead (II) and Cadmium (II) Ions by Unmodified Raphia Palm (Raphia hookeri) Fruit Endocarp. Environ. Res. 2011, 5 (3), 104-113, ISSN: 1994-5396, Medwell Journals. DOI: 10.3923/erj.2011.104.113Baes, F. C.; Mesmer, R. E. The Hydrolisis of Cations; John Wiley: New York, 1976Bakatula, E.N.; Cukrowska, E.M.; Weiersbye, L.; Mihali-Cozmuta, L.;Tutu, H. Removal of toxic elements from aqueous solution using bentonite modified with L-histidine. Water Sci. Technol.2014, 70 (12),2022-2030, DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.450Bhattacharyya, K.G.; Gupta, S.S. Adsorption of Fe(III) from Water by Natural and Acid Activated Clays: Studies on equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics of interactions. Adsorption. 2006, 12 (3), 185-204,DOI : 10.1007/s10450-006-0145-0Carmona, M..; Lucas, A.D.; Valverde, J.L.; Velasco, B.; Rodriguez, J.F. Combined adsorption and ion exchange equilibrium of phenol on Amberlite IRA-420.Chem. Eng. J.2006, 117, 155-160, Doi : 10.1016/j.cej.2005.12.013Debnath, S.; Ghosh, U.C. Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions by crystalline hydrous titanium oxide. J. Chem. Thermodin. 2008, 40: 67-77, DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2007.05.014Djunaidi, M.C.; Jumina; Siswanta, D.; Ulbricht, M. Selective Transport of Fe(III) Using Polyeugenol as Functional Polymer with Ionic Imprinted Polymer Membrane Method. Asian J. Chem. 2015, 27 (12): 4553-4562, DOI : 10.14233/ajchem.2015.19228Febriasari, A.; Siswanta, D.; Kiswandono, A.A.; Aprilita, N.H. Evaluation of Phenol Transport Using Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) with Polyeugenol as a Carrier. Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan. 2016, Vol. 11, No. 2, 99-106, DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v11i2.5112Foldesova, M.; Dillinger, P.; Luckac, P. Sorption and Desorption of Fe(III) on Natural and chemically modified zeolite. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1999, Vol. 242, No. 1 (1999), 227-230, DOI: 10.1007/BF02345926Gupta, V.K.;Sharma, S. Removal of cadmium and zinc from aqueous solutions using mud.Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36: 3612-3617, DOI: 10.1021/es020010vHandayani, D.S. Sintesis kopoli(eugenol-DVB) sulfonat dari Eugenol Komponen Utama Minyak Cengkeh Szygium aromaticum (Synthesis of copoly(eugenol-DVB) sulfonic from main components of eugenol clove oil Szygium aromaticum). Biopharmacy Journal of Pharmacological and Biological Sciences. 2004, 2 (2): 53-57 ISSN: 1693-2242. url : https://eprints.uns.ac.id/id/eprint/856Harimu, L.; Matsjeh, S.; Siswanta, D.; Santosa, S.J. Synthesis of Polyeugenyl Oxyacetic Acid as Carrier to Separate Heavy Metal Ion Fe(III), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) that Using Solvent Extraction Mehod. Indo. J. Chem. 2009, 9 (2): 261-266.Ho, Y.S.; McKay, G. Pseudo-second Order Model for Sorption Processes. Process. Biochem. 1999, 34, 451-465, DOI: 10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00112-5Ho, Y.S.; McKay, G.; Wase, D.A.J.;Forster, C.F. Study of Sorption Divalent Metal Ions on to Peat. Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. 2000, 18: 639-650. DOI : 10.1260/0263617001493693Indah, S.; Helard, D.;Sasmita, A. Utilization of maize husk (Zea mays L.) as low-cost adsorbent in removal of iron from aqueous solution. Water Sci. Technol. 2016, 73 (12), 2929-2935, DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.154Kiswandono, A.A.; Siswanta, D.; Aprilita, N.H.; Santosa, S.J. Transport of Phenol through inclusion polymer membrane (PIM) using copoly(Eugenol-DVB) as membrane carries. Indo .J. Chem. 2012, 12 (2): 105-112. Doi : 10.22146/ijc.667Kousalya, N.; Gandhi, M.R.; Sundaram, C.S.; Meenakshi, S. Synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite chitin/chitosan hybrid bio-composites for the removal of Fe(III).Carbohyd. Polym. 2010, 82: 594-599, DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.05.013Kumar, K.V.; Porkodi, K.;Rocha, F. Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics – A theoretical study, Catalysis Communications. 2008, 9: 82-84, DOI:10.1016/j.catcom.2007.05.019Masel, R.I. Principles Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surface; John Wiley & Sons: Canada, 1996Moore, J. W.; Pearson, R.G. Kinetics and Mechanism Third Edition; John Wiley & Sons: Canada, 1981.Ngah, W.S.W.; Ghani, S.A.; Kamari, A. Adsorption Behaviour of Fe(II) and Fe(III) Ions in Aqueous Solution on Chitosan and Cross-linked Chitosan Beads. Bioresource. Technol. 2005, 96: 443-450. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2004.05.022Rahim, E.A.; Sanda, F.; Masuda, T. Synthesis and Properties of Novel Eugenol-Based Polymers. Polymer Bulletin. 2004, Vol. 5, 93-100, DOI: 10.1007/s00289-004-0272-2Samarghandi, M.R.; Hadi. M.; Moayedi, M.; Askari, F.B. 2009. Two Parameter Isotherms of Methyl Orange Sorption by Pinecone Derived Activated Carbon. Iran. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 6 (4): 285-294.Setyowati, L. 1998. Pengaruh Penambahan Divinil Benzena (DVB) pada Kopolimerisasi Kationik Poli[eugenol-co-(divinil benzena)] dan Sifat Pertukaran Kation Kopoligaramnya (The Effect of divinylbenzene (DVB) Addition to Eugenol-DVB Cationic Copolymerization and Its Use As Cation-Exchanger), Thesis, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Shi, T.; Jia, S.; Chen, Y.; Wen, Y.; Du, C.; Guo, H.; Wang, Z. Adsorption of Pb(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) onto a vanadium mine tailing from aqueous solution. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 169: 838-846, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.020Sun, S.;Wang, A. Adsorption Kinetics of Cu(II) Ions Using N,O-Carboxymethyl-Chitosan. J. Hazard. Mater. 2006, B131: 103-111, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.09.012Sun, S.; Wang, L.;Wang, A. Adsorption Properties of Crosslinked Carboxymethyl-chitosan Resin With Pb(II) as Template Ions. J. Hazard. Mater. 2006, B136: 930-937, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.033Uzun, I.; Guzel, F. Adsorption of Some Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon and Comparison of Percent Adsorption Result of Activated Carbon with those of Some Other Adsorbents. Turk. J. Chem. 2000, 24: 291-297.Zou, X.; Pan, J.; Ou, H.; Wang, X.;Guan, W.; Li, C.; Yan, Y.; Duan, Y. Adsorptive removal of Cr(III) and Fe(III) from aqueous solution by chitosan/attapulgite composites: Equilibrium, thermodynamics and kinetics. Chem. Eng. J. 2011, 167: 112-121, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.009

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Valero, Anthony, Julien Barbe, Emanuele Barborini, and Guillaume Lamblin. "Development and Testing of Innovative Carbon Nanotubes/ Copper Composite Foils, Towards Lighter and Mechanically Improved Anode Current Collector for Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 9 (December 22, 2023): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0291002mtgabs.

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Up to now, copper is an essential material for lithium-ion battery industry as preferential candidate for anode current collectors due to its high conductivity, low price, and electrochemical stability in the working potential range of the anodic electroactive material. However, such component, accounting for 8.1% of the battery total weight, does not participate in any energy storage processes. [1] Thus, the trend is in this industry is to decrease the weight as well as the thickness of the collector foil to optimize the gravimetric energy of the whole lithium-ion battery system. It is therefore of interest to explore the development of lighter current collectors with equal/improved mechanical and electrical properties. Nanocarbon materials such as Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) display a combination of performances, namely high electrical conductivity, low density and high mechanical stability, of a high interests to be combined with copper as innovative lightweight current collectors. Such nanocarbon/copper composite represents a valid alternative to foster the rapid change the battery technology is undergoing. In 2013, Subramaniam et al. [2] reported the fabrication of a Copper /Carbon nanotubes (Cu-CNTs) composites with a similar specific conductivity than that of copper and an ampacity increased by two orders of magnitude. Moreover, Arai et al. have shown, by Electrochemical impedance analysis, that MWCNTs additive in a copper matrix can serve as preferential electron conduction pathway inside a Lithium-ion battery anode. [3] Recently, a new promising and scalable way to fabricate nanocarbon/copper composite has been demonstrated by our team. The process involved the coating of MWCNTs by a dispersing agent, namely the Polydopamine biopolymer, their spraying, and finally the electrochemical plating of metallic copper inside the porosity of the MWCNTs network.[4] Following similar approach, the present work exhibits the fabrication of a free standing MWCNTs/ Copper composite current collector foil of a thickness of 9 µm, a value reaching the industrial standards required by the Lithium-ion battery market players for the next generation cells.[5] Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Microscopy have been used to investigate the interaction between the copper matrix and the carbonaceous reinforcement additive. Figure 1. displays a cross section of nanocarbon/copper composite obtain via Focused Ion Beam slicing, where homogeneous mixing of copper and carbon phases down to nanoscale is highlighted. Such experiments contribute to the understanding of the copper nucleation mode on modified MWCNTs which remains insufficiently controlled to this day. Nanoindentation technique and electromechanical tensile testing bench were combined to study the mechanical properties of such material to be used under mechanical stress as battery collector. In contrary to conventional indentation technique where the mechanical properties of micro-size area are probed, indentation at nanoscale allow the probing of the local mechanical heterogeneity of a composite material. Using such technique, the fabricated self-standing nanocarbon/copper composite was shown to display average hardness and Young modulus close to those of pure carbon (3.5 GPa and 152 GPa respectively). Electrochemical performances of the composite as anode battery collector are under test into pouch and coin-cells battery architecture. The adhesion strength between the electrode slurry and the nanocomposite substrate material is expected to be reinforced by the addition of a nanocarbon. A focus was made on the impact of the use of this new collector material on the cycling stability of typical Lithium-ion battery commercial mixture. Preliminary results indicate that the Cu/MWCNT composite is a promising current collector material to withstand the expansion/contraction imposed by the working cycles of a rechargeable Lithium-ion battery. [1] Zhu, P. Gastol, D. Marshall, J. Sommerville, R. Goodship, V. Kendrick, E. J Power Sources, 485, 229321 (2021) [2] Subramaniam, C. Yamada, T. Kobashi, K. Sekiguchi, A. Futaba, Yumura, D. N. Hata, K. Nat Commun,4, 2202 (2013). [3] Shimizu, M. Ohnuki, T. Ogasawara, T. Banno, Arai, S., RSC Advances, 9(38), 21939-21945 (2019) [4] Duhain, A. Guillot, J. Lamblin, G. Lenoble, D., RSC Advances,11(63), 40159-40172 (2020) [5] Copper Foil Market, Straits Research, 9.5.2.3.(2022) Figure 1. Scanning Electron Microscopy imaging of the cross section of MWCNTs/Copper composite with a thickness lower than 3 µm – 7kV acceleration, 45° tilt. . Figure 1

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Stando, Grzegorz Jan, Haitao Liu, Lei Li, and Dawid Janas. "(Digital Presentation) Wettability of Carbon Nanostructures – Hydrophobic or Hydrophilic?" ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 10 (August 28, 2023): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01101233mtgabs.

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Nanocarbon nanostructures have significant potential to be applied in: filtration[1], energy storying[2], thermogenerators[3], electronics[4], and part of composite materials due to their enormous properties[2]. They characterized magnificent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Many people think their surface nature is hydrophobic. However, more and more scientific publications present the opposite statement about carbon nanotubes and graphene[5-7]. The reason for hydrophobicity is undefined hydrocarbons, which are adsorbed on the nanocarbon surface. The surface character is a crucial parameter for such applications as: electrode materials for storage energy and integration degree between a part of composites. The surface of fullerene C60, high quality (ID/IG = 0.01) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), single-layer graphene (SLG) deposed on copper foil have been investigated to understand the phenomenon of hydrophobic surface and prove that there are intrinsic hydrophilic. A coating from C60 was deposed on glass by spin coating and free-standing film from SWCNTs by method described in previous work. SLG on Cu was synthesized by CVD method. The water contact angle (WCA) was used to define character of surface. The sample was annealed in atmosphere H2/Ar (C60 and SLG) and air (SWCNTs) to remove surface impurities. WCA was measured after/before annealing. Initial C60 and SWCNTs have hydrophobic (WCA >90), SLG has slightly hydrophilic (about 80 ºC). After annealing the surface, all of them have a strongly hydrophilic character, which was even superhydrophilic for C60 and SWCNTs. The nanomaterials were characterized after/before annealing by many techniques such as: Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Atomic force microscopy, and Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All of them showed that the nanostructures had not been damaged during the surface purification process. Moreover, after a month of exposure to air, the WCA has increased. The samples were again analyzed by the techniques mentioned before and the reason for changing the surface characters was hydrocarbons. To indeficate the them selected groups of organic compound was deposed onto nanocarbon surface and the experimental results manifested that aromatic hydrocarbons are the main reason of hydrophobicity of the surface. References: [1] J. H. Ding, H. R. Zhao and H. Bin Yu, Sci. Rep., , DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-23859-5. [2] F. Liu, S. Luo, D. Liu, W. Chen, Y. Huang, L. Dong and L. Wang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2017, 9, 33791–33801. [3] R. Wu, H. Yuan, C. Liu, J. Le Lan, X. Yang and Y. H. Lin, RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 26011–26019. [4] P. G. Collins, M. S. Arnold and P. Avouris, Science (80-. )., 2001, 292, 706–709. [5] D. Janas and G. Stando, Sci. Rep., , DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-12443-y. [6] F. Yang, G. Stando, A. Thompson, D. Gundurao, L. Li and H. Liu, Accounts Mater. Res., 2022, 3, 1022–1032. [7] H. Liu, J. Zhai and L. Jiang, Soft Matter, 2006, 2, 811–821. Acknowledgment: G.S. would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland for financial support of scientific work from budget funds for science in the years 2019–2023 as a research project under the “Diamond Grant” program (grant agreement 0036/DIA/201948) and National Agency for Academic Exchange of Poland (under the Iwanowska program, grant agreement PPN/IWA/2019/1/00017/UO/00001) for financial support during the stay at the University of Pittsburgh in the USA. Part of the work was finial support by NSF (CBET-2028826).

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McDonald, Andrew M., Ingrid M. Kjarsgaard, Louis J. Cabri, Kirk C. Ross, Doreen E. Ames, Luca Bindi, and David J. Good. "Oberthürite, Rh3(Ni,Fe)32S32 and torryweiserite, Rh5Ni10S16, two new platinum-group minerals from the Marathon deposit, Coldwell Complex, Ontario, Canada: Descriptions, crystal-chemical considerations, and comments on the geochemistry of rhodium." Canadian Mineralogist 59, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 1833–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2100014.

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ABSTRACT Oberthürite, Rh3(Ni,Fe)32S32, and torryweiserite, Rh5Ni10S16, are two new platinum-group minerals discovered in a heavy-mineral concentrate from the Marathon deposit, Coldwell Complex, Ontario, Canada. Oberthürite is cubic, space group , with a 10.066(5) Å, V 1019.9(1) Å3, Z = 1. The six strongest lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 3.06(100)(311), 2.929(18)(222), 1.9518(39)(115,333), 1.7921(74)(440), 1.3184(15)(137,355) and 1.0312(30)(448). Associated minerals include: vysotskite, Au-Ag alloy, isoferroplatinum, Ge-bearing keithconnite, majakite, coldwellite, ferhodsite-series minerals (cuprorhodsite–ferhodsite), kotulskite, and mertieite-II, and the base-metal sulfides, chalcopyrite, bornite, millerite, and Rh-bearing pentlandite. Grains of oberthürite are up to 100 × 100 μm and the mineral commonly develops in larger composites with coldwellite, isoferroplatinum, zvyagintsevite, Rh-bearing pentlandite, and torryweiserite. The mineral is creamy brown compared to coldwellite and bornite, white when compared to torryweiserite, and gray when compared chalcopyrite and millerite. No streak or microhardness could be measured. The mineral shows no discernible pleochroism, bireflectance, or anisotropy. The reflectance values (%) in air for the standard COM wavelengths are: 36.2 (470 nm), 39.1 (546 nm), 40.5 (589 nm), and 42.3 (650 nm). The calculated density is 5.195 g/cm3, determined using the empirical formula and the unit-cell parameter from the refined crystal structure. The average result (n = 11) using energy-dispersive spectrometry is: Rh 10.22, Ni 38.83, Fe 16.54, Co 4.12, Cu 0.23 S 32.36, total 100.30 wt.%, which corresponds to (Rh2Ni0.67Fe0.33)Σ3.00(Ni19.30Fe9.09Co2.22Rh1.16Cu0.12)∑31.89S32.11, based on 67 apfu and crystallochemical considerations, or ideally, Rh3Ni32S32. The name is for Dr. Thomas Oberthür, a well-known researcher on alluvial platinum-group minerals, notably those found in deposits related to the Great Dyke (Zimbabwe) and the Bushveld complex (Republic of South Africa). Torryweiserite is rhombohedral, space group , with a 7.060(1), c 34.271(7) Å, V 1479.3(1), Z = 3. The six strongest lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 3.080(33)(021), 3.029(58)(116,0110), 1.9329(30)(036,1115,1210), 1.7797(100)(220,0216), 1.2512(49)(0416), and 1.0226(35)(060,2416,0232). Associated minerals are the same as for oberthürite. The mineral is slightly bluish compared to oberthürite, gray when compared to chalcopyrite, zvyagintsevite, and keithconnite, and pale creamy brown when compared to bornite and coldwellite. No streak or microhardness could be measured. The mineral shows no discernible pleochroism, bireflectance, or anisotropy. The reflectance values (%) in air for the standard COM wavelengths are: 34.7 (470 nm), 34.4 (546 nm), 33.8 (589 nm), and 33.8 (650 nm). The calculated density is 5.555 g/cm3, determined using the empirical formula and the unit-cell parameters from the refined crystal structure. The average result (n = 10) using wavelength-dispersive spectrometry is: Rh 28.02, Pt 2.56, Ir 1.98, Ru 0.10, Os 0.10, Ni 17.09, Fe 9.76, Cu 7.38, Co 1.77 S 30.97, total 99.73 wt.%, which corresponds to (Rh4.50Pt0.22Ir0.17Ni0.08Ru0.02Os0.01)∑5.00(Ni4.73Fe2.89Cu1.92Co0.50)Σ10.04S15.96, based on 31 apfu and crystallochemical considerations, or ideally Rh5Ni10S16. The name is for Dr. Thorolf (‘Torry') W. Weiser, a well-known researcher on platinum-group minerals, notably those found in deposits related to the Great Dyke (Zimbabwe) and the Bushveld complex (Republic of South Africa). Both minerals have crystal structures similar to those of pentlandite and related minerals: oberthürite has two metal sites that are split relative to that in pentlandite, and torryweiserite has a layered structure, comparable, but distinct, to that developed along [111] in pentlandite. Oberthürite and torryweiserite are thought to develop at ∼ 500 °C under conditions of moderate fS2, through ordering of Rh-Ni-S nanoparticles in precursor Rh-bearing pentlandite during cooling. The paragenetic sequence of the associated Rh-bearing minerals is: Rh-bearing pentlandite → oberthürite → torryweiserite → ferhodsite-series minerals, reflecting a relative increase in Rh concentration with time. The final step, involving the formation of rhodsite-series minerals, was driven via by the oxidation of Fe2+ → Fe3+ and subsequent preferential removal of Fe3+, similar to the process involved in the conversion of pentlandite to violarite. Summary comments are made on the occurrence and distribution of Rh, minerals known to have Rh-dominant chemistries, the potential existence of both Rh3+ and Rh2+, and the crystallochemical factors influencing accommodation of Rh in minerals.

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Алиев, Озбек Мисирхан, Сабина Телман Байрамова, Дильбар Самед Аждарова, Валида Мурад Рагимова та Шарафат Гаджиага Мамедов. "Синтез и свойства синтетического айкинита PbCuBiS3". Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 22, № 2 (25 червня 2020): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2020.22/2821.

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Целью данной работы является синтез и исследование свойств синтетического айкинита, PbCuBiS3.Синтез проводили в откачанных кварцевых ампулах в течение 7–8 ч, максимальная температура составляла 1250–1325 К. Далее образцы охлаждали и выдерживали при 600 К в течение недели. Потом ампулы вскрывали, образцы тщательно перетирали и после плавки отжигали при 600–800 К в зависимости от состава не менее двух недель для приведения образцов в равновесное состояние. Отожженные образцы исследовали методами дифференциально-термического (ДТА), рентгенофазового (РФА), микроструктурного (МСА) анализов, а также измерением микротвердости и определением плотности. РФА проводили на рентгеновском приборе модели Д 2 PHASER с использованием CuKa- излучении Ni-фильтр.Комплексом методов физико-химического анализа изучены разрезы CuBiS2–PbS, Cu2S–PbCuBiS3, Bi2S3–PbCuBiS3, PbBi2S4–PbCuBiS3, PbBi4S7–PbCuBiS3 квазитройной системы Cu2S–Bi2S3–PbS и построены их фазовые диаграммы.Установлено, что кроме сечения PbBi2S4–PbCuBiS3 все разрезы квазибинарные и характеризуются наличием ограниченных областей растворимости на основе исходных компонентов.При изучении разреза CuBiS2–PbS установлено образование четверного соединения состава PbCuBiS3, встречающееся в природе в виде минерала айкинита, плавящегося конгруэнтно при 980 К. Установлено, что соединение PbCuBiS3 кристаллизуется в ромбической сингонии с параметрами решетки: а = 1.1632, b = 1.166, с = 0.401 нм, прост. группа Pnma, Z = 4. Методами ДТА и РФА установлено, что соединение PbCuBiS3 является фазой переменного состава с областью гомогенности от 45 до 52 мол. % PbS. Соединение PbCuBiS3 является дырочным полупроводником с шириной запрещенной зоны ΔЕ = 0.84 эВ. ЛИТЕРАТУРА 1. Zhang Y-X., Ge Z-H., Feng J. Enhanced thermoelectric properties of Cu1.8S via introducing Bi2S3 andBi2S3/Bi core-shell nanorods. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2017;727: 1076–1082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.2242. Mahuli N., Saha D., Sarkar S. K. Atomic layer deposition of p-type Bi2S3. Journal of Physical ChemistryC. 2017;121(14): 8136–8144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b126293. Ge Z-H, Qin P., He D, Chong X., Feng D., Ji Y-H., Feng J., He J. Highly enhanced thermoelectric propertiesof Bi/Bi2S3 nano composites. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2017;9(5): 4828–4834. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b148034. Savory C. N., Ganose A. M., Scanlon D. O. Exploring the PbS–Bi2S3 series for next generation energyconversion materials. Chemistry of Materials. 2017;29(12): 5156–5167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b006285. Li X., Wu Y, Ying H., Xu M., Jin C., He Z., Zhang Q., Su W., Zhao S. In situ physical examination of Bi2S3 nanowires with a microscope. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2019;798: 628–634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.05.3196. Patila S. A., Hwanga Y-T., Jadhavc V. V., Kimc K. H., Kim H-S. Solution processed growth andphotoelectrochemistry of Bi2S3 nanorods thin fi lm. Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology, A: Chemistry.2017;332: 174–181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.07.0377. Yang M., Luo Y. Z., Zeng M. G., Shen L., Lu Y. H., Zhou J., Wang S. J., Souf I. K., Feng Y. P. Pressure inducedtopological phase transition in layered Bi2S3. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2017;19(43):29372–29380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CP04583B8. Kоhatsu I., Wuensch B. J. The crystal structure of aikinite, PbCuBiS3. Acta Crystallogr. 1971;27(6):1245–1252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/s05677408710038199. Ohmasa M., Nowacki W. A redetermination on the crystal structure of aikinite (BiS2/S/S/CuIVPbVII).Z. Krystallogr. 1970;132(1-6): 71-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1970.132.1-6.7110. Strobel S., Sohleid T. Three structures for strontium copper (I) lanthanidis (III) selinidesSrCuMeSe3 (M = La, Gd, Lu). J. Alloys and Compounds. 2006;418(1–2): 80–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.09.09011. Сикерина Н. В., Андреев О. В. Кристаллическая структура соединений SrLnCuS3(Ln = Gd, Lu).Журн. неорган. химии. 2007;52(4): 641–644. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=959411112. Edenharter A., Nowacki W., Takeuchi Y. Verfeinerung der kristallstructur von Bournonit [(SbS3)1/CuPbPb2IV VIIVIII] und von seligmannit [(AsS3)2/CuPbPb2IVVIIVIII]. Z. Kristallogr. 1970;131(1): 397–417.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1970.131.1-6.39713. Каплунник Л. Н. Кристаллические структуры минералов великита, акташита, швацита, теннантита, галхаита, линдстремита-крупкаита и синтетической Pb, Sn сульфосоли. Автореф. дисс. … канд.геол.-минер. наук. М.: Изд-во Моск. ун-та; 1978. 25 с.Режим доступа: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/0100780541514. Гасымов В. А., Мамедов Х. С. О кристаллохимии промежуточных фаз системы висмутинайкинит (Bi2 S3–CuPbBiS3). Азерб. хим. журн.1976;(1): 121–125. Режим доступа: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/fazovye-ravnovesiya-v-sisteme-pbla2s4-pbbi2s415. Christuk A. E., Wu P., Ibers J. A. New quaternary chalcogenides BaLnMQ3 (Ln – Rare Earth; M = Cu, Ag;Q = S, Se). J. Solid State Chem. 1994;110(2): 330–336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1994.117616. Wu P., Ibers J. A. Synthesis of the new quaternary sulfi des K2Y4Sn2S11 and BaLnAgS3 (Ln = Er, Y, Gd)and the Structures of K2Y4Sn2S11 and BaErAgS3. J. Solid State Chem. 1994;110(1): 156–161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1994.115017. Победимская Е. А., Каплунник Л. Н., Петрова И. В. Кристаллохимия сульфидов. Итоги наукии техники. Серия кристаллохимия. М.: Изд-во АН СССР. 1983; 17: 164 с.18. Gulay L. D., Shemet V. Ya., Olekseyuk I. D. Investigation of the R2S3–Cu2S–PbS (R = Y, Dy, Ho andEr) systems. J. Alloys and Compounds. 2007;43(1–2): 77–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.05.02919. Костов И., Миначева-Стефанова И. Сульфидные минералы. М.: Мир; 1984. 281с. 20. Алиева Р. А., Байрмаова С. Т., Алиев О. М. Диаграмма состояния систем CuSbS2–PbS (M = Pb,Eu, Yb). Неорган. материалы. 2010;46(7): 703–706. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/s002016851007002221. Байрамова С. Т., Багиева М. Р., Алиев О. М., Рагимова В. М. Синтез и свойства структурныханалогов минерала бурнонита. Неорган. материалы. 2011;47(4): 345–348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S002016851104005422. Байрамова С. Т., Багиева М. Р., Алиев О. М. Взаимодействие в системах CuAsS2–PbS. Неорган.материалы. 2011;47(3): 231–234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S002016851103004623. Aliev O. M., Ajdarova D. S., Bayramova S. T., Ragimova V. M. Nonstoichiometry in PbCuSbS3. Azerb.chem. journal. 2016;(2): 51–54. Режим доступа: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nonstoichiometryin-pbcusbs3-compound24. Aliev O. M., Ajdarova D. S., Agayeva R. M., Ragimova V. M. Phaseformation in quasiternary systemCu2S–PbS–Sb2S3. Intern Journal of Application and Fundamental Research. 2016;(12): 1482–1488. Режимдоступа: https://applied-research.ru/pdf/2016/2016_12_8.pdf25. Алиев О. М., Аждарова Д. С., Агаева Р. М., Максудова Т. Ф. Фазообразование на разрезахCu2S(Sb2S3, PbSb2S4, Pb5Sb4S11)–PbCuSbS3 квазитройной системы Cu2S–Sb2S3–PbS и физические свой-ства твердых растворов (Sb2S3)1–x(PbCuSbS3)x. Неорган. материалы. 2018;54(12): 1275–1280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S002016851812001426. Рзагулуев В. А., Керимли О. Ш., Аждарова Д. С., Мамедов Ш. Г., Алиев О. М. Фазовые равновесия в системах Ag8SnS6–Cu2SnS3 и Ag2SnS3–Cu2Sn4S9. Конденсированные среды и межфазныеграницы. 2019; 21(4): 544–551. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/2365

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Ioannidou, Evangelia, Stylianos G. Neophytides, and Dimitris K. Niakolas. "(Digital Presentation) Au-Mo-Fe-Ni/CeO₂(Gd₂O₃) As Potential Fuel Electrodes for Internal CO₂ Reforming of CH₄ in Single SOFCs." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (August 28, 2023): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154378mtgabs.

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Recycling biogas to produce syngas (H2 + CO) through Dry Reforming of Methane (DRM) has currently attract resurgent interest. Biogas consists mainly of CH4 (55-65%) and CO2 (35-45%) and is widely produced by anaerobic fermentation of biomass [1]. DRM provides a feasible solution to eliminate greenhouse gases via production of useful chemicals and hydrocarbons. Considering the DRM energy applications the produced syngas can be used as a fuel in high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for electricity production or biogas can be directly fueled in the cell without the need of an external reformer (Internal Dry Reforming of Methane, IDRM), which simplifies the SOFC system and reduces the cost [2,3]. Specifically, during IDRM at temperatures higher than 800 oC, the catalytic Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction may run in parallel with electrocatalytic reactions, resulting in the consumption of valuable H2. In addition, carbon deposition on the electrocatalyst surface due to CH4 decomposition, which is favored at elevated temperatures (≥ 700 oC), may also occur resulting in progressive electrocatalyst deactivation [4]. Ni-based ceramic-metal composites with Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) and Gadolinia Doped Ceria (GDC) are widely used as electrocatalysts in SOFCs because of their activity and inexpensiveness. However, nickel catalyses the formation of carbon deposits from hydrocarbons and exhibits a tendency to agglomerate after prolonged operation [3,4]. The carbon tolerance and anti-sintering tendency of nickel and specifically of Ni/GDC can be enhanced, by dispersing trace amounts of transition noble (Rh, Pt, Pd, Ru, Au) or non-noble (Co, Cu, Mo, Fe) metal elements [3,5]. In this study the catalytic and electro-catalytic performance, as well as the coking resistance of Au (1 and 3 wt.%), Mo (0.4 wt.%) and Fe (0.5 and 2 wt.%) modified Ni/CeO2(Gd2O3) electro-catalysts were studied as half and full electrolyte supported cells under internal CO2 reforming of CH4 in single SOFCs, at 750-900 oC. The aim was to elucidate their activity towards the consumption of CH4, CO2, the production of H2, H2O, CO and the production of carbon, as a function of temperature and the applied current density under a biogas fuel mixture of CH4/CO2=1. Additionally, the cells comprising a modified Ni/GDC fuel electrode, an 8 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ) electrolyte were characterized using I-V measurements and Electrochemical Impedance Spectra (EIS) analysis in order to investigate the evolution of the ohmic and polarization resistance values as a reflection of current. Complementary physicochemical characterization includes thermo-gravimetric measurements for the catalytic dissociation of CH4 and CO2 at 800 oC. In brief, the cell with Ni/GDC was more active catalytically compared to the modified cells, but exhibited worst electrocatalytic performance. The cells with 3 wt.% Au-0.4 wt.% Mo-Ni/GDC and 3 wt.% Au-0.5 wt.% Fe-Ni/GDC fuel electrodes were moderately active catalytically, but performed better. The main degradation factor for the unmodified cell was the higher carbon formation, which increased gradually with the increased current and was reflected on higher ohmic and polarization resistance values compared to the modified cells. Acknowledgments This research has been co-financed by the European Union and Greek national funds through the operational program ‘Regional Excellence’ and the operational program ‘Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation’, under the call “RESEARCH-CREATE-INNOVATE” (Project code: T2EΔK-00955). References [1] Escudero, M.J., Maffiotte, C.A. & Serrano, J.L. (2021). J. Power Sources. 481 (20) 229048. [2] Souentie, S., Athanasiou, M., Niakolas, D.K., Katsaounis, A., Neophytides, S.G. & Vayenas, C.G. (2013). J. Catal. 306: 116-128. [3] Neofytidis, Ch., Dracopoulos, V., Neophytides, S.G. & Niakolas, D.K. (2018). Catal. Tod. 310: 157-165. [4] Pakhare, D. & Spivey, J. (2014). Chem. Soc. Rev. 43: 7813-7837. [5] Niakolas, D.K., Neofytidis, Ch., Neophytides, S.G. (2017). Frontiers in Environ. Science. 5: 78.

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Shmatko, Valentina A., Tatiana N. Myasoedova, Tatiana A. Mikhailova та Galina E. Yalovega. "Особенности электронной структуры и химических связей в композитах на основе полианилина, полученных бескислотным синтезом". Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 21, № 4 (19 грудня 2019): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/2367.

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Композиты на основе полианилина и CuCl2·2H2O/ZrOCl2·8H2O, в качестве модифицирующих добавок получены методом химической полимеризации без добавления кислоты. Особенности электронной структуры и химических связей образцов исследованы методами ИК спектроскопии и спектроскопии рентгеновского поглощения. Микроструктура поверхности композитов исследовалась методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Полианилин в состав композитов входит в частично окисленной форме, степень окисления полимера зависит от типа модифицирующей добавки. Добавление CuCl2·2H2O/ZrOCl2·8H2O в процессе синтеза увеличивает электропроводность образцов ЛИТЕРАТУРА1. Ćirić-Marjanović G. Recent advances in polyaniline research: Polymerization mechanisms,structural aspects, properties and applications // Synthetic Metals, 2013, v. 177, pp. 1-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2013.06.0042. Боева Ж. А., Сергеев В. Г. Полианилин: синтез, свойства и применение // Высокомолекулярныесоединения. 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Molokhina, Larisa A., та Sergey A. Filin. "АНАЛИЗ ВЛИЯНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНОЙ ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ДИФФУЗИИ НА ХАРАКТЕР РОСТА СЛОЕВ В ДВУХКОМПОНЕНТНОЙ МНОГОФАЗНОЙ СИСТЕМЕ". Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 21, № 3 (26 вересня 2019): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/1159.

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Целью статьи является разработка феноменологической математической модели формирования и роста фаз в части влияния температурной зависимости параметров диффузии на характер роста слоев в двухкомпонентной многофазной системе. Темой исследования является анализ влияния температурной зависимости параметров диффузии на изменение характера роста слоев в двухкомпонентных многофазных системах. Предложено решение задачи использования температурного режима процесса диффузии при разработке технологических процессов сварки, пайки, нанесении покрытий и других, при которых в диффузионной зоне образуются интерметаллические слои, карбиды, нитриды, субоксиды, фосфиды и т. п. с заданными и контролируемыми эксплуатационными характеристиками получаемых новых материалов, их соединений, покрытий и пр. Результаты решения задачи позволяют по известным параметрам температурного режима процесса диффузии, полученным при исследовании двухкомпонентной многофазной системы, целенаправленно контролировать динамику роста, состав образующихся в процессе диффузии слоев, и их выходные параметры в данной системе для получения новых материалов с заданными свойствами. REFERENCES Molokhina L. A., Rogalin V. E., Kaplunov I. A., Filin S. A. Mathematical model for the growth of phases in binary multiphase systems upon isothermic annealing. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2017, v. 91(9), pp. 1635-1641. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0044453717090242 Molokhina L. A., Rogalin V. E., Kaplunov I. A., Filin S. A. Dependence of growth of the phases of multiphase binary systems on the diffusion parameters. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2017, v. 91(12), pp. 2302–2309. https://doi.org/10.7868/S00444537171202143 Larikov L. N., Ryabov V. R., Fal’chenko V. M. 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