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Статті в журналах з теми "Materials Engineering; Computational solid mechanics"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

MIYOSHI, Toshiro. "Supercomputing in Computational Solid Mechanics." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 57, no. 541 (1991): 1958–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.57.1958.

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2

Tomita, Yoshihiro. "Simulations of Plastic Instabilities in Solid Mechanics." Applied Mechanics Reviews 47, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 171–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3111077.

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The purpose of the present article is provide a perspective for computational predictions related to such plastic instabilities as buckling, necking and flow localization including shear–banding under a wide range of deformation rates for a variety of materials, including single– and polycrystals. Computational bifurcation analyses for general cases, axisymmetric to nonaxisymmetric deformation, very thin–walled bodies, and specific materials with nonstandard constitutive equations are given. The postbifurcation analyses and regularization schemes to remedy the problems associated with spurious mesh sensitivity and incorrect convergence in finite element prediction of flow localization behavior are discussed. The instability behavior of thick circular tubes deformed under pressure and combined loading of internal/external pressure and axial force, neck and bulge propagations in polymeric materials, wrinkling of thin plates and shells under sheet metal forming processes, flow localization of thermo–elasto–viscoplastic materials under a wide range of deformation rates including adiabatic shear banding, and flow localization behavior of mono– and polycrystalline solids are reviewed with illustrative examples.

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3

Chong, Ken P. "Nano Science and Engineering in Solid Mechanics." Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 21, no. 2 (April 2008): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10338-008-0812-7.

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4

Su, Tung-Huan, Szu-Jui Huang, Jimmy Gaspard Jean, and Chuin-Shan Chen. "Multiscale computational solid mechanics: data and machine learning." Journal of Mechanics 38 (2022): 568–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jom/ufac037.

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Abstract Multiscale computational solid mechanics concurrently connects complex material physics and macroscopic structural analysis to accelerate the application of advanced materials in the industry rather than resorting to empirical constitutive models. The rise of data-driven multiscale material modeling opens a major paradigm shift in multiscale computational solid mechanics in the era of material big data. This paper reviews state-of-the-art data-driven methods for multiscale simulation, focusing on data-driven multiscale finite element method (data-driven FE2) and data-driven multiscale finite element-deep material network method (data-driven FE-DMN). Both types of data-driven multiscale methods aim to resolve the past challenge of concurrent multiscale simulation. Numerical examples are designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of data-driven multiscale simulation methods. Future research directions are discussed, including data sampling strategy and data generation technique for the data-driven FE2 method and generalization of data-driven FE-DMN method.

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5

Zhong, Wanxie. "Some developments of computational solid mechanics in China." Computers & Structures 30, no. 4 (January 1988): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(88)90105-8.

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6

Karabelas, Elias, Gundolf Haase, Gernot Plank, and Christoph M. Augustin. "Versatile stabilized finite element formulations for nearly and fully incompressible solid mechanics." Computational Mechanics 65, no. 1 (September 11, 2019): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00466-019-01760-w.

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Abstract Computational formulations for large strain, polyconvex, nearly incompressible elasticity have been extensively studied, but research on enhancing solution schemes that offer better tradeoffs between accuracy, robustness, and computational efficiency remains to be highly relevant. In this paper, we present two methods to overcome locking phenomena, one based on a displacement-pressure formulation using a stable finite element pairing with bubble functions, and another one using a simple pressure-projection stabilized $$\mathbb {P}_1 - \mathbb {P}_1$$P1-P1 finite element pair. A key advantage is the versatility of the proposed methods: with minor adjustments they are applicable to all kinds of finite elements and generalize easily to transient dynamics. The proposed methods are compared to and verified with standard benchmarks previously reported in the literature. Benchmark results demonstrate that both approaches provide a robust and computationally efficient way of simulating nearly and fully incompressible materials.

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7

Xing-feng, Wang, and Wang Xing-fa. "Computational model of boundary integral equation in solid mechanics." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 6, no. 6 (June 1985): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01876395.

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8

Rashid, M. M., and A. Sadri. "The partitioned element method in computational solid mechanics." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 237-240 (September 2012): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2012.05.014.

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9

Bishop, S. R. "Chemical expansion of solid oxide fuel cell materials: A brief overview." Acta Mechanica Sinica 29, no. 3 (June 2013): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10409-013-0045-y.

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10

Fu, Shan, and Eann Patterson. "Special issue on validation of computational solid mechanics models." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 48, no. 1 (January 2013): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324712473553.

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11

Clark, Mark. "Combinatorial Screening of Thermoelectric Materials." AM&P Technical Articles 177, no. 3 (April 1, 2019): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2019-03.p024.

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Abstract Advanced thermoelectric materials open new horizons for use in solid state power generation and refrigeration applications. This article describes a project that used state-of-the-art computational modeling and high-throughput experimentation to strategically screen the extensive material space and accelerate learning for materials development.

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12

Zhao, Zhenjiang, Ling Zhou, Ling Bai, Mahmoud A. El-Emam, and Ramesh Agarwal. "Modeling and validation of coarse-grained computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method for dense gas–solid flow simulation in a bubbling fluidized bed." Physics of Fluids 35, no. 4 (April 2023): 043310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0146264.

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Анотація:

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combined with the discrete element method (DEM) are powerful tools for analyzing dense gas–solid flows. However, the computational cost of CFD–DEM will be unfeasibly great when simulating large-scale engineering applications with billions of particles. Accordingly, the coarse-grained (CG) CFD–DEM method is applied to solve this problem. This investigated method replaces several smaller particles with larger ones called parcels, aiming to reduce the number of particles and fully consider the collision of particles between composition parcels and the collision of particles within composition parcels. First, high-speed photography verifies the numerical simulation's reliability. Then, the CG CFD–DEM was used to analyze the transient spatial distribution, transient average velocity, pressure drop, bed height, and the mixing state of particles in a dense gas–solid fluidized bed. The CG CFD–DEM was also compared with the CFD–DEM results, which showed a good agreement with the calculation results and proved the accuracy and applicability of the method. Finally, the computation time of the CG CFD–DEM was evaluated, showing a significant decrease in computation time with an increasing coarse ratio ( k). This investigation can provide theoretical reference for the numerical simulation of the CG CFD–DEM method in dense gas–solid flow.

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13

Barr, J. A., T. Nishimatsu, and S. P. Beckman. "Computational modeling the electrocaloric effect for solid-state refrigeration." MRS Proceedings 1543 (2013): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.920.

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ABSTRACTThe electrocaloric effect holds promise for possible application in refrigeration technologies. There is much interest in this subject and experimental studies have shown the possibility for creating materials with a modest sized electrocaloric response. However, theoretical studies lag behind the experimental effort due to the lack of computational methods to accurately study the finite temperature response. Here the freely distributed feram, an effective Hamiltonian molecular dynamics method, is demonstrated for predicting the electrocaloric response of BaTiO3.

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14

Baktash, Ardeshir, James C. Reid, Qinghong Yuan, Tanglaw Roman, and Debra J. Searles. "Shaping the Future of Solid‐State Electrolytes through Computational Modeling." Advanced Materials 32, no. 18 (March 6, 2020): 1908041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201908041.

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15

Montero, Jorge A., and Ghadir Haikal. "Modeling Beam–Solid Finite Element Interfaces: A Stabilized Formulation for Contact and Coupled Systems." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 10, no. 09 (November 2018): 1850094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825118500941.

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Анотація:

A number of engineering applications involve contact with bodies modeled using specialized theories of solid mechanics like beams or shells. While computational models for contact in 2D and 3D solid mechanics have been extensively developed in the literature, problems involving contact with beams or shells have received less attention. When modeling contact between a solid body represented with beam or shell theory and a domain discretized with solid finite elements, the contact model faces the typical challenges of enforcing geometric compatibility and the transfer of a complete pressure field along the contact interface, with the added complications stemming from the different underlying mathematical formulations and finite element discretizations in the connecting domains. Resultant-based beam and shell theories do not provide direct estimates of surface tractions, therefore rendering the issue of pressure transfer on beam–solid and shell–solid interfaces more problematic. In the absence of specialized contact formulations for solid–beam and solid–shell interfaces, contact models have relied almost exclusively on the Node-To-Surface (NTS) geometric compatibility approach. This formulation suffers from well-known drawbacks, including instability, surface locking and incomplete pressure fields on the interface. The NTS approach, however, remains the method most readily applicable to contact with beam or shell elements among the vast variety of available methods for computational contact modeling using finite elements. The goal of this paper is to bridge the gap in the literature on coupling domains with beam and solid finite element discretizations. We propose an interface formulation for beam–solid interfaces that ensures the transfer of a complete pressure field while enforcing geometric compatibility using standard NTS constraints. The formulation uses a stabilization approach, based on a special form of the Discontinuous Galerkin method, to enforce weak continuity between the stress fields on the solid side of the interface, and the moment and shear resultants in the contacting beam. We show that the proposed formulation is a robust approach for satisfying compatibility constraints while ensuring the transfer of a complete pressure field on beam–solid finite element interfaces that can be used with bilinear and quadratic interpolations in the solid, and Euler or Timoshenko formulations for the beam.

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16

Koeller, R. C. "Toward an equation of state for solid materials with memory by use of the half-order derivative." Acta Mechanica 191, no. 3-4 (January 9, 2007): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-006-0411-y.

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17

Mazumder, Sandip. "Modeling Full-Scale Monolithic Catalytic Converters: Challenges and Possible Solutions." Journal of Heat Transfer 129, no. 4 (July 24, 2006): 526–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2709655.

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Modeling full-scale monolithic catalytic converters using state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics algorithms and techniques encounters a classical multiscale problem: the channels within the monolith have length scales that are ∼1–2 mm, while the converter itself has a length scale that is ∼5–10 cm. This necessitates very fine grids to resolve all the length scales, resulting in few million computational cells. When complex heterogeneous chemistry is included, the computational problem becomes all but intractable unless massively parallel computation is employed. Two approaches to address this difficulty are reviewed, and their effectiveness demonstrated for the computation of full-scale catalytic converters with complex chemistry. The first approach is one where only the larger scales are resolved by a grid, while the physics at the smallest scale (channel scale) are modeled using subgrid scale models whose development entails detailed flux balances at the “imaginary” fluid–solid interfaces within each computational cell. The second approach makes use of the in situ adaptive tabulation algorithm, after significant reformulation of the underlying mathematics, to accelerate computation of the surface reaction boundary conditions. Preliminary results shown here for a catalytic combustion application involving 19 species and 24 reactions indicate that both methods have the potential of improving computational efficiency by several orders of magnitude.

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18

Rosati, Luciano. "M. Kojić and K. J. Bathe, Inelastic Analysis of Solids and Structures, Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics." Meccanica 42, no. 3 (January 23, 2007): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-006-9045-3.

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19

Withers, P. J., and T. M. Holden. "Diagnosing Engineering Problems with Neutrons." MRS Bulletin 24, no. 12 (December 1999): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400053677.

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Анотація:

In the past, many unexpected failures of components were due to poor quality control or a failure to calculate—or to miscalculate—the stresses or fatigue stresses a component would experience in service. Today, improved manufacturing, fracture mechanics, and computational finite element methods combine to provide a solid framework for reducing safety factors, enabling leaner design. In this context, residual stress—that is, stress that equilibrates within the structure and is always present at some level due to manufacturing—presents a real problem. It is difficult to predict and as hard to measure. If unaccounted for in design, these stresses can superimpose upon in-service stresses to result in unexpected failures.Neutron diffraction is one of the few methods able to provide maps of residual stress distributions deep within crystalline materials and engineering components. Neutron strain scanning, as the technique is called, is becoming an increasingly important tool for the materials scientist and engineer alike. Point, line-scan, area-scan, and full three-dimensional (3D) maps are being used to design new materials, optimize engineering processes, validate finite element modeis, predict component life, and diagnose engineering failures.

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20

Kumar, Amit, Kevin Tolejko, and James S. T’ien. "A Computational Study on Flame-Solid Radiative Interaction in Flame Spread Over Thin Solid-Fuel." Journal of Heat Transfer 126, no. 4 (2004): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1773196.

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21

Wu, Jiankang, and Lijun Lu. "Liquid-solid coupled system of micropump." Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 19, no. 1 (March 2006): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10338-006-0605-9.

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22

Fernández, José R., and Ramón Quintanilla. "On a mixture of an MGT viscous material and an elastic solid." Acta Mechanica 233, no. 1 (January 2022): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-021-03124-z.

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AbstractA lot of attention has been paid recently to the study of mixtures and also to the Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) type equations or systems. In fact, the MGT proposition can be used to describe viscoelastic materials. In this paper, we analyze a problem involving a mixture composed by a MGT viscoelastic type material and an elastic solid. To this end, we first derive the system of equations governing the deformations of such material. We give the suitable assumptions to obtain an existence and uniqueness result. The semigroups theory of linear operators is used. The paper concludes by proving the exponential decay of solutions with the help of a characterization of the exponentially stable semigroups of contractions and introducing an extra assumption. The impossibility of location is also shown.

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23

Mohammad Karim, Alireza. "Physics of droplet impact on flexible materials: A review." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 11 (November 2022): 168781322211372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221137237.

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Droplet impact on a flexible substrate is a prevalent phenomenon in nature and various advanced technologies such as soft bio-printing, tissue engineering, smart biomaterials and flexible electronics. Recent rapid advancement in new functional surfaces, ultra-high-speed imaging, nanotechnology, deep learning, advanced computational strength and the relation between fluid dynamics and interfacial science have intensified the physical understanding of droplet impact on soft materials. Once a droplets impacts on a solid surface, it deposits, spreads, rebounds or splashes. Given the importance of the droplet impact onto soft substrates in biotechnology, medicine and advanced flexible electronics, a deep physical understanding of such complex phenomenon is vital. This review initially presents the liquid-solid interaction physics and relevant interfacial science. Next, this review discusses the physics of droplet impact on soft materials with different physical and interfacial characteristics. Moreover, this review presents advancements in droplet impact on elastic materials relevant to new technologies such as soft electronics, elastic smart biomaterials, tissue engineering and the fight against COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, this review lays out future research directions related to current problems in such complex physical phenomenon.

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24

Bian, Pei-Liang, and Hai Qing. "Computational modeling of carbon nanofibers reinforced composites: A comparative study." Journal of Composite Materials 55, no. 17 (January 20, 2021): 2315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320987893.

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The carbon nanotubes/nanofibers reinforced composites (CNRC) show great mechanical properties. There are several methods to simulate the mechanical properties of composites. Among the modeling techniques, embedded region (ER) shows the possibility for direct multi-scale simulation. A comparative study among beam element embedded model, solid element embedded model, as well as common solid element model is carried out. Programs developed in Matlab are utilized to generate geometric configurations, and finite element models are obtained from MSC.Patran with a script written in the Patran command language (PCL). Besides, a set of parametric studies are performed to investigate the influence of the aspect ratios of nanofibers and load cases on the mechanical properties of CNRC. The result shows that the ER technique is reliable to represent composites though neglecting the localized stress concentration, and beam element embedded models are trustworthy only for nanofibers with a large aspect ratio.

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25

Sebastian, Christopher, Erwin Hack, and Eann Patterson. "An approach to the validation of computational solid mechanics models for strain analysis." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 48, no. 1 (July 19, 2012): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324712453409.

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26

Kim, Jin-Gyun, Jae Hyuk Lim, and Peter Persson. "Special Issue on “Computational Modeling and Simulation of Solids and Structures: Recent Advances and Practical Applications”." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 3660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073660.

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27

Toi, Yutaka, and Jung-Sin Che. "Enhanced Computational Damage Mechanics Models for Brittle Microcracking Solids." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 59, no. 563 (1993): 1642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.59.1642.

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28

Giannopoulos, Georgios I., Stelios K. Georgantzinos, Androniki Tsiamaki, and Nicolaos Anifantis. "Combining FEM and MD to simulate C60/PA-12 nanocomposites." International Journal of Structural Integrity 10, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-10-2018-0071.

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Анотація:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is the computation of the elastic mechanical behaviour of the fullerene C60 reinforced polyamide-12 (PA-12) via a two-stage numerical technique which combines the molecular dynamics (MD) method and the finite element method (FEM). Design/methodology/approach At the first stage, the proposed numerical scheme utilizes MD to characterize the pure PA-12 as well as a very small cubic unit cell containing a C60 molecule, centrally positioned and surrounded by PA-12 molecular chains. At the second stage, a classical continuum mechanics (CM) analysis based on the FEM is adopted to approximate the elastic mechanical performance of the nanocomposite with significantly lower C60 mass concentrations. According to the computed elastic properties arisen by the MD simulations, an equivalent solid element with the same size as the unit cell is developed. Then, a CM micromechanical representative volume element (RVE) of the C60 reinforced PA-12 is modelled via FEM. The matrix phase of the RVE is discretized by using solid finite elements which represent the PA-12 mechanical behaviour predicted by MD, while the C60 neighbouring location is meshed with the equivalent solid element. Findings Several multiscale simulations are performed to study the effect of the nanofiller mass fraction on the mechanical properties of the C60 reinforced PA-12 composite. Comparisons with other corresponding experimental results are attempted, where possible, to test the performance of the proposed method. Originality/value The proposed numerical scheme allows accurate representation of atomistic interfacial effects between C60 and PA-12 and simultaneously offers a significantly lower computational cost compared with the MD-only method.

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29

Dudko, A. D., and V. N. Buivol. "Equilibrium of a floating solid in a vortex." Soviet Applied Mechanics 21, no. 6 (June 1985): 610–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00887575.

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30

Yuen, Anthony Chun Yin, Timothy Bo Yuan Chen, Guan Heng Yeoh, Wei Yang, Sherman Chi-Pok Cheung, Morgan Cook, Bin Yu, Qing Nian Chan, and Ho Lung Yip. "Establishing pyrolysis kinetics for the modelling of the flammability and burning characteristics of solid combustible materials." Journal of Fire Sciences 36, no. 6 (September 20, 2018): 494–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904118800907.

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In this article, a generic framework was proposed to effectively characterise the pyrolysis kinetics of any household furniture materials. To examine the validity of this method, two wooden polymeric samples, (1) furniture plywood and (2) particle board, were experimented through thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, as well as cone calorimetry. The framework comprises of three major parameterisation procedures including (1) using the Kissinger method for the initial approximation, (2) modification of modelling constants and (3) optimisation by comparisons with the experimental results. The finalised pyrolysis kinetics was numerically investigated through computational fluid dynamics simulation of the cone calorimeter. Numerical predictions were validated against the experimental data for three different cone radiation intensities. Good agreement was achieved between the computational and experimental results in terms of heat release rate, ignition time and burn duration. The proposed framework was capable of establishing quality pyrolysis kinetics that fully replicates the complex thermal decomposition of solid combustible materials.

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31

Guryanov, G. A., B. M. Abdeev, S. R. Baigereyev, V. A. Kim, and A. D. Suleimenov. "The Applied mechanical and mathematical model of grinding of a solid particle by static crushing." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2021.3.06.

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Now crushers are one of the most common types of crushing equipment using the principle of a mechanical method of material destruction (for example, rollers, jaws, cone crushers, etc.). To provide effective parameters of the crusher, it is necessary to take into account the correlation between the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material (sizes, shapes, strengths, fragility, uniformity, etc.) and the energy parameters of the crusher (operation and power) at the design stage. The existing theories describing the mentioned dependence and relying on different classical hypotheses allow obtaining a very approximate (inaccurate) result. Consequently, it is necessary to develop a detailed theory of crushing capable of an accurate description of the mechanical process of material destructions by working members of the crushers. Thus, the authors have developed the crushing theory as an original solution of a complex constructively nonlinear engineering and technical problem on the static contact of a spherical model of a comminuted brittle substance with absolutely rigid convex-concave surfaces of cylindrical rolls designed for coarse and medium grinding. The theory is based on the classical assumptions of the mechanics of an elastically deformable continuous medium, the fundamental analytical dependences of Hertz-Shtaerman and the Kirpichev-Kick volumetric energy hypothesis. During the quantitative assessment of the bearing capacity of the ball, we used the well-known physical and mathematical problem of Weber on the stress state of a sphere loaded by two equal forces applied at the poles, and the Kulon-Mor’s strength criterion, which describes the process of destruction of a wide class of brittle homogeneous materials. The developed theory of fragmentation has been brought to the design formulas and illustrated with a typical numerical example.

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32

Guz', A. N. "Modern directions in the mechanics of a solid deformable body." Soviet Applied Mechanics 21, no. 9 (September 1985): 823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00886965.

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33

Suzudo, Tomoaki. "Computational Study of Solute Effects in Tungsten under Irradiation." Materials Science Forum 1024 (March 2021): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1024.87.

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Анотація:

Tungsten (W) is suitable for solid targets of spallation neutron source due to its high neutron yield. The prediction of radiation effects of W is, therefore, of importance; especially, the influence of solute elements are complex and are not clearly known to date. We discuss here the solute effects using the first principles and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) calculations and show that Re and Os, which are nuclear transmutation products of W, can largely change the stability and mobility of radiation defects. Such influences of the solute elements seem to explain the unsolved mechanism of the microstructural evolution of W-based materials under irradiation.

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34

Cotta, Renato M., Péricles C. Pontes, Adam H. R. Sousa, Carolina P. Naveira-Cotta, and Kleber M. Lisboa. "Computational-analytical simulation of microsystems in process intensification." High Temperatures-High Pressures 50, no. 6 (2021): 469–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32908/hthp.v50.1189.

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Heat and mass transfer enhancement techniques, either passive or active, have an important role in the more general goal of process intensification in modern engineering developments. In this context, the study of transport phenomena at the nano- and micro-scales aims far beyond the plain miniaturization of devices, being mainly directed towards process efficiency improvement and lower energy and raw materials consumption. The analysis of heat and mass transfer at such scales has required the development or extension of both theoretical and experimental methodologies. In light of the inherent multiscale nature of microfluidic devices, classical fully numerical methodologies often require large refined meshes with associated costly computations. A hybrid numerical-analytical approach for the analysis of microfluidic and thermal micro-systems is here reviewed, which includes a computational-analytical integral transform method for partial differential direct problems, that, together with mixed symbolic-numerical computations, lead to robust cost-effective algorithms for micro-scale transport phenomena analysis. Examples of this hybrid approach in selected applications are then examined more closely, including micro-reactors for continuous biodiesel synthesis with multiple reactive interfaces and three-dimensional thermal micro-devices with solid-fluid thermal conjugation.

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