Дисертації з теми "Mass-mapping"
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1
Matsumiya, Nozomi. "Optimization of disulfide mapping using mass spectrometry." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1358.
Анотація:
Master of ScienceBiochemistry
John Tomich
One of the important keys to characterize the biological function of a protein is the study of post-translational modification (PTM). Formation of disulfide bond linkages between cysteine residues within a protein is a common PTM which not only contributes to folding and stabilizing the protein structure, but also to accomplishing its native function. Therefore, the study and discovery of structural-functional relationships of expressed proteins using an isolated proteomics approach has been one of the biggest advances within the field of structural biology in recent years. In this study, rapid disulfide bond mapping of freshly obtained equine serum albumin (ESA) was performed using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Highly sensitive MALDI-TOF MS is commonly used for the investigation of disulfide bond linkages in the proteomics field. However, it has also been known that the presence of disulfide bond linkages absorbs the energy which is created by the cysteine-cysteine kinetic vibration, resulting in a decrease of the instrumental sensitivity. To overcome this problem, the disulfide bond mapping method was optimized by applying a combination of chemical labeling, proteolytic enzymes, and matrices. With the optimized method, we were also able to achieve high protein sequence coverage. Obtaining higher sequence coverage of a protein provides more information about a protein which helps to identify the protein by peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) technique. These analyses eventually contribute to the estimation of the possible PTM sites.
2
Wetzel, Collin. "Global Identification and Mass Mapping of tRNA Isoacceptors Using Targeted Tandem Mass Spectrometry." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1448037316.
3
Comins, Megan. "Systematic errors in black hole mass measurement using reverberation mapping." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32152.
4
Flett, Fiona Jane. "Mapping protein-DNA interactions using UV cross-linking and mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17996.
Анотація:
Protein-nucleic acid interactions play essential roles in all living cells in various cellular functions. The study of these interactions can reveal important structural and functional information. UV cross-linking of nucleic acids to proteins in combination with mass spectrometry is a powerful technique to identify proteins, peptides and the amino acids involved in intermolecular interactions within nucleic acid-protein complexes. However, the mass spectrometric identification of cross-linked nucleic acid-protein heteroconjugates in complex mixtures and MS/MS characterisation of the specific sites of cross-linking is a challenging task. In this investigation, novel tools and methods have been developed for the investigation of DNA-protein interactions using UV cross-linking and mass spectrometry. These tools were developed towards their application for the characterisation of the complex between the eukaryotic DNA repair protein Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) and its DNA substrates. DNA-Tdp1 UV cross-linking was optimised using purified recombinant human Tdp1 and radioactively labelled DNA oligonucleotides containing UV photoactivatable 4- thio-thymidine or 5-iodouracil. Tdp1-DNA heteroconjugates were detected by SDS PAGE and Phosphorimaging. In order to analyse the DNA-Tdp1 heteroconjugates by mass spectrometry, they must first be enriched and hydrolysed by a protease and a nuclease. Here, a novel sample preparation protocol was developed for the enrichment of Tdp1 oligonucleotide-peptide heteroconjugates. Detection and analysis of oligonucleotide-peptide heteroconjugates using mass spectrometry is a challenging task. As a tool to optimise the various parameters involved, a synthetic DNA oligonucleotide-peptide heteroconjugate was constructed using click chemistry. RP-HPLC/ESI-FT-ICR-MS on a Bruker 12T SolariX in conjunction with CID fragmentation was used to unambiguously identify the site of the cross-link. Lastly, a novel 18O labeling approach was introduced to facilitate the identification of DNA-protein cross-links. This approach was shown to be suitable for the labeling of heteroconjugate species by testing it with the click heteroconjugate.
5
Cao, Xiaoyu. "Mass Exclusion list for RNA modification mapping using LC-MS/MS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1495807992024166.
6
Gatti, Marco. "Weak lensing in DES Y3: redshift distributions, shape catalogue, and mass mapping." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670527.
Анотація:
En aquesta tesi hem tractat alguns aspectes clau de les lents dèbils gravitacionals en el context d’enquestes fotomètriques. En particular, es van utilitzar simulacions i dades preses durant els primers tres anys d’observacions de l’enquesta de l’energia fosca (DES Y3). Les programacions de DES estan publicades a finals d’aquest any amb les principals anàlisis cosmològiques de DES Y3 i aquesta tesi abasta algunes de les anàlisis. A la part II d’aquesta tesi, ens hem centrat en la tècnica de “clustering-redshift” i el seu part en la principal estratègia de calibració de redshift DES Y3. Clustering-redshift és un mètode per obtenir (o calibrar) distribucions redshift que es basa en correlacions creuades amb mostres petites amb redshift segurs. La part III es va dedicar a la prova del catàleg oficial de formes DES Y3, que abasta ~ 4143 dòlars ^ 2 de l’hemisferi sud i que comprèn ~ 100 milions de galàxies, cosa que el converteix efectivament en el catàleg de formes més gran mai creat. A la darrera part de la tesi (capítols 6 i 7), es van presentar els mapes de massa de lents febles amb lents febles DES Y3 i es va discutir una possible aplicació cosmològica dels mapes. En particular, vam introduir al capítol 6 quatre tècniques de reconstrucció massiva de mapes massius diferents, cadascuna d’elles que assumeixen diferents nivells en el camp de convergència recuperat. El capítol 7 presentava una anàlisi de cosmologia simulada utilitzant el segon i el tercer moment dels mapes de massa de lent feble, dirigits a les dades de DES Y3.En esta tesis hemos estudiado algunos aspectos clave de la lente gravitacional débil en el contexto de los estudios fotométricos. En particular, utilizamos simulaciones y datos tomados durante los primeros tres años de observaciones de la Dark Energy Survey (DES Y3). DES está programado para lanzar su análisis cosmológico principal DES Y3 más adelante este año, y esta tesis cubre algunas partes del análisis. En la Parte II de esta tesis, nos hemos centrado en la técnica de “clustering redshift’’ y su parte en la estrategia principal de calibración del desplazamiento al rojo de DES Y3. El clustering redshift es un método para obtener (o calibrar) distribuciones de desplazamiento al rojo que se basa en correlaciones cruzadas con muestras pequeñas con desplazamiento al rojo seguro. La Parte III se dedicó a la prueba del catálogo oficial de formas de lente gravitacionales de DES Y3, que abarca ~ 4143 $ deg ^ 2 del hemisferio sur y comprende ~ 100 millones de galaxias, lo que lo convierte en el catálogo de formas más grande jamás creado. En la última parte de la tesis (Capítulo 6 y 7), presentamos los mapas oficiales de masa de lentes débiles de DES Y3, y discutimos una posible aplicación cosmológica de los mapas. En particular, introdujimos en el Capítulo 6 cuatro técnicas diferentes de reconstrucción de mapas de masas, cada una de las cuales asumió diferentes antecedentes en el campo de convergencia recuperado. El Capítulo 7 presentó un análisis de cosmología simulada utilizando el segundo y el tercer momento de los mapas de masas de lentes débiles, dirigidos a los datos DES Y3.
In this thesis we have addressed some key aspects of gravitational weak lensing in the context of photometric surveys. In particular, we used simulations and data taken during the first three years of observations of the Dark Energy Survey (DES Y3). DES is scheduled to release their main DES Y3 cosmological analysis later this year, and this thesis covers some parts of the analysis. In Part II of this thesis, we have focused on the “clustering-redshift’’ technique and its role in the main DES Y3 redshift calibration strategy. Clustering-redshift is a method to obtain (or calibrate) redshift distributions which is based on cross-correlations with small samples with secure redshifts. Part III was devoted to the testing of the official DES Y3 shape catalogue, covering ~ 4143$ deg^2 of the southern hemisphere and comprising ~100 million galaxies, which effectively makes it the largest shape catalogue ever created. In the last part of the thesis (Chapter 6 & 7), we presented the official DES Y3 weak lensing mass maps, and discussed a potential cosmological application of the maps. In particular, we introduced in Chapter 6 four different mass map reconstruction techniques, each of those assuming different priors on the recovered convergence field. Chapter 7 presented a simulated cosmology analysis using the second and third moments of the weak lensing mass maps, targeted at the DES Y3 data.
7
Beasley, Emma. "Detection and mapping of cannabis use in hair samples using mass spectrometry." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2018. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/24067/.
Анотація:
Hair differs from other human materials used for toxicological analysis, such as blood or urine, because of its substantially longer window of detection (months to years) enabling retrospective investigations of drug consumption. Due to its solid and durable nature, hair may be analysed centuries after growth with little degradation. Other advantages of hair analysis include the non-invasiveness of its collection, which is of particular importance in infant/child investigations and the ease of sample storage. Although hair analysis offers the potential to reveal information which is not possible with other biological matrices, it also suffers from some unique limitations that can make interpretation of findings challenging. These are largely due to exposure of hair to the environment before analysis can take place. Current analytical techniques allow detection and quantification of cannabinoids in hair samples. Frequently used techniques include gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The majority of studies exclusively analyse the natural products Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD) or the metabolite 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH). In this thesis THC, CBD, CBN, THC-COOH and the additional metabolite 11-Hydroxydelta- 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) have been simultaneously detected and quantified in authentic hair samples using a novel atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation method coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The results of these findings are compared to self-report data and are largely found to be in concordance, with some anomalies. In addition, several strategies to overcome the complication of external contamination of hair samples were trialled and compared to self-report data. In this thesis there is also an investigation presented to demonstrate the in-situ derivatisation of cannabinoids using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI). This is the first time a hair has been analysed for cannabinoids using MALDI and the first example of in situ derivatisation for hair samples. The addition of an N-methylpyridium group results in improved ionisation efficiency, permitting both detection and mapping of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD) and the metabolites 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH), 11-Hydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-nordelta( 9)-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol glucuronide (THC-COO-gluc) in single hair samples. Additionally, for the first time an in-source re-arrangement of THC is reported and characterised in this thesis, thus contributing new knowledge in the analysis of this drug by MALDI mass spectrometry.
8
Antony, Alfred Vinod. "A New Tool for Rock Mass Discontinuity Mapping from Digital Images: VTtrace." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32075.
Анотація:
Manual fracture mapping in tunnels, caverns, mines or other underground spaces is a time intensive and sometimes dangerous process. A system that can automate this task could minimize human exposure to rockfalls, rockbursts or instabilities and facilitate the use of new methods of data visualization such as virtual environments. This research was undertaken to develop VTtrace; a semi-automatic fracture mapping algorithm based on image processing and analysis techniques. Images of a rock exposure surface are made using a â prosumerâ grade digital camera. The grayscale images are preprocessed to remove color information and any noise or distortion. The smoothed images are converted into binary images. The binary images are then thinned to extract the fracture map. The fractures are then separated and stored as different images. Fracture properties such as the length, width, orientation and large-scale roughness are determined using photogrammetric techniques. Results from test images shows the VTtrace is effective in extracting rock discontinuity traces. Additional enhancements to the program are proposed to allow feature attributes from the three-dimensional surface to be determined.Master of Science
9
Quanico, Jusal. "Development of On-Tissue Mass Spectrometric Strategies for Protein Identification, Quantification and Mapping." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5867.
Анотація:
Résumé : L’imagerie par spectrométrie de masse est une technique sans marquage permettant la détection et la localisation de protéines à partir de coupes de tissus. Afin de répondre à des problématiques biologiques, le nombre de protéines identifiées doit être amélioré. Une stratégie consiste à réaliser une micro-jonction liquide sur des régions particulières des coupes de tissus afin d’extraire les peptides issus de la digestion in situ des protéines. Plus de 1500 protéines ont identifié sur une zone de 650µm, correspondant à environ 1900 cellules. Une corrélation entre ces données avec celles générées par MSI a augmenté le nombre de protéines localisées. Afin d’obtenir dans le même temps, la localisation et l’identification de protéines, une méthode consiste à réaliser la microdissection de l’ensemble de la coupe après l’avoir déposée sur une lame recouverte de prafilm. Parafilm-Assisted Microdissection (PAM) a également été appliquée à l’étude de l'expression différentielle de protéines dans des tumeurs de prostate. Les résultats identifiés glutamate oxaloacétate transférase 2 (GOT2) en tant que biomarqueur de protéine candidate impliquée dans le métabolisme du glucose, en plus de celles qui ont déjà été indiqué précédemment. Réunis ensemble, ces méthodes MS d'analyses directes fournissent un moyen robuste d’étude de protéines dans leur état natif afin de fournir des indications sur leur rôle dans des systèmes biologiques. // Abstract : Mass spectrometry-based methods for direct tissue analysis, such as MS imaging, are label-free techniques that permit the detection and localization of proteins on tissue sections. There is a need to improve the number of protein identifications in these techniques for them to comprehensively address biological questions. One strategy to obtain high protein IDs is to realize liquid microjunction on localized regions of tissue sections to extract peptides from the in situ digestion of proteins. More than 1500 proteins were identified in a 650μm spot, corresponding to about 1900 cells. Matching these IDs with those from MSI increased the number of localized proteins. In order to achieve simultaneous identification and localization of proteins, a method consisting of microdissecting entire tissue sections mounted on parafilmcovered slides was developed. Spectral counting was then used to quantify identified proteins, and the values were used to generate images. Parafilm-Assisted Microdissection (PAM) was also used to examine the differential expression of proteins on prostate tumors. Results identified glutamate oxaloacetate transferase 2 (GOT2) as a candidate protein biomarker involved in glucose metabolism, in addition to those that have already been reported previously. Taken together, these direct MS analysis methods provide a robust means of analyzing proteins in their native state and are expected to provide insights to their role in biological systems.
10
Young, Reuben Sam Erskine. "Mapping changes to lipid metabolism within cancer using next-generation mass spectrometry technologies." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/225933/1/Reuben_Young_Thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
This thesis developed new methods to probe the molecular structure of lipids (fats) that are key components of cellular membranes. Applications of these technologies led to the discovery of previously undescribed lipids and allowed the mapping of their formation and fate in cancer cells and tissues. These fundamental insights into cancer metabolism suggest new targets for the detection and treatment of cancer.
11
Pendarvis, Ken, Matthew Padula, Jessica Tacchi, Andrew Petersen, Steven Djordjevic, Shane Burgess, and F. Minion. "Proteogenomic mapping of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae virulent strain 232." BioMed Central, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610026.
Анотація:
BACKGROUND:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes respiratory disease in swine and contributes to the porcine respiratory disease complex, a major disease problem in the swine industry. The M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 genome is one of the smallest and best annotated microbial genomes, containing only 728 annotated genes and 691 known proteins. Standard protein databases for mass spectrometry only allow for the identification of known and predicted proteins, which if incorrect can limit our understanding of the biological processes at work. Proteogenomic mapping is a methodology which allows the entire 6-frame genome translation of an organism to be used as a mass spectrometry database to help identify unknown proteins as well as correct and confirm existing annotations. This methodology will be employed to perform an in-depth analysis of the M. hyopneumoniae proteome.RESULTS:Proteomic analysis indicates 483 of 691 (70%) known M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 proteins are expressed under the culture conditions given in this study. Furthermore, 171 of 328 (52%) hypothetical proteins have been confirmed. Proteogenomic mapping resulted in the identification of previously unannotated genes gatC and rpmF and 5-prime extensions to genes mhp063, mhp073, and mhp451, all conserved and annotated in other M. hyopneumoniae strains and Mycoplasma species. Gene prediction with Prodigal, a prokaryotic gene predicting program, completely supports the new genomic coordinates calculated using proteogenomic mapping.CONCLUSIONS:Proteogenomic mapping showed that the protein coding genes of the M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 identified in this study are well annotated. Only 1.8% of mapped peptides did not correspond to genes defined by the current genome annotation. This study also illustrates how proteogenomic mapping can be an important tool to help confirm, correct and append known gene models when using a genome sequence as search space for peptide mass spectra. Using a gene prediction program which scans for a wide variety of promoters can help ensure genes are accurately predicted or not missed completely. Furthermore, protein extraction using differential detergent fractionation effectively increases the number of membrane and cytoplasmic proteins identifiable my mass spectrometry.
12
Van, Aken Paula. "Mapping patterns of meaning: reparation for victims of mass violence in intra-state peace agreements." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-38457.
Анотація:
In the aftermath of armed conflict, peace and justice are no longer perceived as contradictory. Scholars and practitioners alike have increasingly argued that societies emerging from periods of conflict or repression need to address legacies of past mass violence and human rights abuses in order to sustain peace. This is the rationale behind the evolving field of transitional justice. While it is stated that transitional justice also makes headway in contemporary peace agreements, existing literature tends to remain unspecific. Albeit being the most victim-centred among the range of transitional justice mechanisms, the incorporation of reparation for victims of mass violence into peace agreements is particularly under-researched. This research gap is even more puzzling as it is a “basic maxim of law that harms should be remedied” (Roht-Arriaza 2004: 121). In response to this, this thesis establishes that only around a third of intra-state peace agreements signed from 2000 to 2009 have addressed reparation. Further, by means of an analytical framework that embeds thematic analysis within the structure of framing theory’s model of meaning-making, it maps how the studied peace agreements assign meaning to reparation in their texts. As a result, two themes labelled ‘reparation as the fulfilment of basic needs’ and ‘reparation as an act of justice’ are identified as constituting the broader patterns of meaning held within peace agreements’ reparation provisions. While the language of the latter equips harmed individuals with rights as victims, the former theme focuses instead on individual vulnerability and collective development needs. It deemphasises the link between harm experienced and violation committed. As it is suggested that the employment of particular themes and terminology lifts certain issues up the agenda while marginalising others, peace agreements’ authoritative meaning-making directly impacts on the lives of those victimised during conflict. Hence, this thesis highlights the need for more systematic research in this area to strengthen evidence-based reparation advocacy during peace processes.
13
Hubble, Nick. "George Orwell and mass-observation : mapping the politics of everyday life in England 1936-1941." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249107.
14
MAZUR, FELIPE PIRES DO RIO. "MAPPING OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MASS MOVEMENTS THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNATURES IN TIJUCA MASSIF, RIO DE JANEIRO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34874@1.
Анотація:
A cidade do Rio de Janeiro, assim como outras localidades de relevo montanhoso e clima tropical, sofre, seguidamente, com os problemas causados por movimentos de massa em suas encostas. No verão, a cada temporada de chuvas, novos deslizamentos são contabilizados, acarretando diversos problemas de ordem social e ambiental. O Maciço da Tijuca não foge a esta realidade: localizado em área central do município, suas encostas vem sofrendo com antropizações desde a fundação da cidade. Em uma metrópole que não para de crescer, as encostas deste maciço estão sempre sob pressões da especulação imobiliária. O objetivo principal do estudo foi a realização de um mapeamento da susceptibilidade a movimentos de massa na região do maciço com a utilização de assinaturas ambientais. Para isso foram necessários o levantamento bibliográfico e a obtenção de dados, com sua espacialização, contribuindo, assim, para dos objetivos secundários como a caracterização de determinados componentes socioambientais da área de estudo, além da comparação deste mapeamento com o realizado pela prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro e de sua legislação vigente. A Metodologia se baseou no uso do conceito de assinaturas ambientais, através das cicatrizes dos deslizamentos mapeadas após as fortes precipitações de abril de 2010 cidade do Rio de Janeiro através de técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto e Sistema de Informações Geográficas, além da busca na literatura acerca dos condicionantes utilizados no estudo. Como resultado, foi desenvolvido um mapeamento da susceptibilidade a movimentos de massa considerado satisfatório. Este se mostrou mais detalhado do que o publicado pela a GEORIO: uma menor quantidade de áreas mapeadas como alto risco e com uma precisão maior. Há, porém, a necessidade de estudos posteriores para melhor entender a aplicabilidade da metodologia.This work has as main objective to further knowledge about some environmental relations in the field of urban slopes and submit proposals for modeling susceptibility to landslides so common in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Following a thought, this dissertation will have as secondary objectives, the production of various intermediate products, layers of environmental data will be used to assist the preparation of the final product and comparative analysis of other models and local laws. Urban areas are environments where human occupation and concentration become intense and, most often, cluttered, become sensitive to gradual local anthropogenic changes, as they are intensified in frequency and intensity. Urban slopes today are great example for environmental degradation, endangering the safety and quality of life of its population, constituting a stage of ecological conflicts. The fast and unplanned growth that has occurred in many cities in developing countries is largely responsible for environmental changes, mischaracterize often original environment. As these changes are made, a number of geomorphic responses, typical of large cities such as landslides and floods, which occur frequently, and often, being not high rainfall totals required for these processes occur (Guerra, 2006). Mankind has been undergoing a process of urbanization, the Brazilian urban population in 2010 comprised approximately 84 percent of total population.
15
Phinney, Brett Stanley. "The surface conformation of the Sindbis virus spike complex as determined by mass spectrometry based mapping /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
16
Irvine, Adam Grant. "Engineering geological characterisation of the Torlesse Composite Terrane in Canterbury, New Zealand with reference to mechanised tunnelling." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8372.
Анотація:
The Torlesse composite terrane is an important geological unit in Canterbury, New Zealand, making up the backbone of the Southern Alps. It consists of a large group of rock that exhibits a range of engineering geological conditions. This study has been undertaken to characterise the range in engineering geological conditions throughout the Torlesse of Canterbury in order to develop a rock mass classification scheme specific to this abundant and complex rock type. The classification is aimed to aid in TBM tunnelling assessment in the Torlesse, which enables sub-division of an area or tunnel alignment into rock mass domains. Furthermore the classification enables the prediction of rock masses through geological controls in areas of poor outcrop coverage.
Four sites throughout Canterbury were selected for mapping to represent Torlesse terrane types, metamorphic facies and a range of regional fault settings: the Elliott Fault, Hurunui River, Ashley River Gorge and Opuha Dam. A preliminary desktop study was carried out with a landscape lineation analysis to develop 1) a conceptual geological model at each study site and 2) field mapping sheets to provide a check list to ensure consistency of information collected between outcrops and sites. Lineations and conceptual models identified a series of structural blocks within sites, which were further validated by field mapping. Outcrop field mapping was carried out across selected extents of study sites using the field sheets from the desktop study. Using NZGS (2005) and ISRM (1978) derived parameters, rock mass characteristics, including lithology and defect information, were recorded on the field sheets. A laboratory testing programme on selected outcrop intact rock was undertaken to support field work and later classification development.
Data from field work was plotted to derive rock mass trends. Trends were used to develop a classification framework. It was found the rock mass could be defined by bedding thickness, degree of fracture and the combination of discontinuities such as persistent jointing and shearing, which defined dominant rock mass control. The rock mass could therefore be classified based on: blockiness, defined by bedding thickness and density of non-systematic jointing (fractures); and defect structure, defined by the combination of systematic discontinuities such as persistent jointing and shearing.
The two principle rock mass governing controls were related together on an XY plot to form the conceptual Torlesse rock mass classification (TRC). Six classes encompassing the range of conditions observed in the Torlesse were devised for blockiness and defect structure. Blockiness classes range from: thickly bedded to massive sandstone with slight to moderate fracture, to very thin to thin bedded sandstone that is fragmented. Defect structure classes range from rock masses defined by: dominant systematic, persistent jointing with rare faulting, to rock masses typical of major shear zones, where material geotechnically behaves as a soil with no principle defect sets. Individual outcrop plotting then allowed rock masses typical of each site to be grouped on the TRC.
Clusters of each study sites’ outcrops were overlaid to characterise all rock mass types observed throughout this research. This allowed representative identification of eight distinctive rock mass types (Types 1-8) that are indicative of the Torlesse composite terrane of Canterbury. Each type has a series of geological controls that influence the nature of the rock mass. Geological controls can aid in the prediction of rock mass conditions for tunnel alignment selection.
Lithostructure and proximity to major structures were defined as major rock mass type controls. Lithostructure defines the effect of lithology on bedding thickness and fracturing by non-systematic jointing. Medium to massive bedding as part of rock mass Types 1 and 2 result in the best rock mass. In the sandstone-rich rock mass, systematic jointing dominates with less shearing and faulting and a lower occurrence of short, discrete, non-systematic jointing. Conversely, the thinly bedded Torlesse represented by rock mass Type 5 lacks persistent jointing. This type, being mudstone dominant, fractures more easily, is characterised by short, discrete jointing, and tends to localise faulting, shearing and some folding. Modern tectonic stress fields are also a major control. The size of the tectonic structure can impact different volumes of rock. Rock outside the direct fault zone can also be impacted giving rise to rock mass Type 6. For example, increased levels of shearing are observed in adjacent rock at both the Elliott and Opuha Dam Faults. Rock mass Types 7 and 8 represent the rock masses directly affected by large tectonic structures.
Sub-dividing proposed tunnel alignments by rock mass type allows assessment of tunnelling parameters. Dependant on project specific rock mass types expected, different TBM design will be suited. This has significant implications on support measures. Open gripper TBM’s are likely to be suited to rock mass Types 1 and 2. This rock mass is expected to represent the best rock mass stability but will be the hardest to excavate. As a result, rock bolt, mesh and shotcrete will likely prevent significant block failure through gravity release. Rock mass Types 3 and 4 are expected to represent a favourably interlocked rock mass, resulting in increased penetration rate but whose advance rate is likely to be hindered by the need for more extensive support. As rock mass Types 5-8 increase in abundance, shielded TBM’s will likely be best suited due to questionable thrust generation and support requirements toward the poorer rock masses. Penetration rates will be high but advance rates are expected to be low. Significant potential for failure exists in the poorer rock mass types without adequate support, including running ground. The selection of a shielded or gripper TBM will depend on the proportion and lengths of each TRC rock mass type anticipated along a tunnel alignment.
The opportunity exists for future work to refine and validate the TRC classification through increased data input, more extensive laboratory testing and its application to tunnelling projects. Furthermore it is hoped the TRC can be used for other types of geotechnical applications, at a variety of scales where Torlesse is concerned. To do this the TRC interpretations with respect to rock mass behaviour must be adapted to different scales.
17
Yu, Ningxi. "Post-transcriptional Modification Characterizing and Mapping of Archaea tRNAs Using Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1552379526695035.
18
Thomson, Laura Irene. "Connections Between the Mass Balance, Ice Dynamics, and Hypsometry of White Glacier, Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35106.
Анотація:
This thesis investigates how changing climate conditions have impacted the mass balance, dynamics and associated hypsometry (area-elevation distribution) of White Glacier, an alpine glacier on Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut.
The first article describes the production of a new map of White Glacier from which changes in ice thickness and glacier hypsometry could be determined. A new digital elevation model (DEM) was created using >400 oblique air photos and Structure from Motion, a method built upon photogrammetry but with the advantage of automated image correlation analysis. The result of this work demonstrates that the method is able to overcome the challenges of optical remote sensing in snow-covered areas. The resulting DEM and orthoimage facilitated the production of a map with 5 m vertical accuracy in the style of earlier cartographic works.
The new map supported the calculation of the glacier’s geodetic mass balance and provides an updated glacier hypsometry, which improves the accuracy of mass balance calculations. A modeled glacier hypsometry time-series was created to support a reanalysis of the mass balance record over the period 1960-2014, which through comparison of the geodetic and glaciological methods enables the detection of potential sources of error in the glaciological method. Comparison of the two approaches reveals that within the error margin no significant difference exists between the average annual glaciological mass balance (-213 ± 28 mm w.e. a 1) and geodetic mass balance ( 178 ± 16 mm w.e. a-1).
To determine how ice dynamics have responded to ice thinning and negative mass balances, dual-frequency GPS observations of ice motion were compared to historic velocity measurements collected at three cross-sectional profiles along the glacier. Comparisons of annual and seasonal velocities indicate velocity decreases of 10–45% since the 1960s. However, increased summer velocities at the highest station suggests that increased delivery of surface meltwater to the glacier bed has initiated basal sliding at elevations that did not experience high levels of melt in earlier decades. Modeled balance fluxes demonstrate that observed fluxes, both historically and currently, are unsustainable under current climate conditions.
19
Roberts, Jason L. "Place Perception, Cognitive Maps, and Mass Media: The Interrelationship Between Visual Popular Culture and Regional Mental Mapping." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33020.
Анотація:
There can be little dispute that todayâ s society makes extensive use of mass media. Movies, television, and radio are far more prominent today than ten years ago, both locally and globally. We rely on these forms of communication for news and information and entertainment and recreation. New technologies increase our access and our dependence on mass media. In fact, in the U.S. the average person spends 40 percent of their time attending to television at some level (Adams, 1992). Adams then goes on to say that culture and television are clearly involved in reciprocal relations: television affects culture, but culture also affects television (Adams, 1992). It should come as no surprise, therefore, that generational differences in recreation are far more prominent today than they were twenty years ago. Indeed, we are a passive society dependent upon technology and the creativity of others for pleasure. The Internet and television of today have replaced the bicycle and board games of yesterday in terms of babysitting the young for hours on end. Almost all major types of entertainment come from the viewing of some sort of screen or monitor, with children spending vast amounts of time engaging in these passive activities. By the age of sixteen, a contemporary child has probably spent more time watching television than he/she has attending school or doing chores.
However, entertainment is only one use for mass media. For example, the term â Information Ageâ refers to much more than recreation. Large quantities of information can be acquired through these forms of transmission. Unfortunately, false representations are sometimes the goal of those who produce these data media.
In addition to the deliberate distortion of truths, those who consume mass media obtain many falsities inadvertently. A perfect example of this is stereotyping. All too often, oneâ s only exposure to certain regions and/or peoples is obtained through television and movies. Instead of becoming familiar with specific facts about cultures, conclusions are drawn based upon viewing and hearing popular culture material.
Stereotypes of cultural groups create myths about their respective geographic regions and vice-versa. We are well aware of these myths (for example, the idea that all Southerners are dumb) but what is their link to place perception? How are mental constructs of regions related to cultural stereotypes? How have popular culture and mass media affected stereotypes?Master of Science
20
Lobue, Peter. "Towards the Parallel, Accurate, and High-throughput Mapping of RNA Modifications by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595005836099446.
21
Colley, Richard T. III. "Development of a Machine Vision System for Mass Flow Sensing and High-Resolution Mapping of Granular Fertilizer Application." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543564969065918.
22
Domingo, Sabugo María. "Systematic errors in the characterization of rock mass quality for tunnels : a comparative analysis between core and tunnel mapping." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233126.
Анотація:
This thesis analyzes the potential systematic errorin the characterization of the rock mass quality in borehole and tunnel mapping. The difference when assessing the rock mass quality refers to the fact that the characterization performed on drilled rock cores are commonly done on-meter length, while the tunnel section can be up to 20-25 m wide. At the same time, previous studies indicate that the engineering geologist tends to characterize the rock mass quality during tunnel excavation with a conservative estimation of the parameters defining the rock mass quality to ensure a sufficient rock support. In order to estimate this possible systematic error produced by the size difference when assessing the rock mass quality, a simulation was performed within a geological domain, representative of Stockholm city. In the simulation, each meter of the tunnel section was given a separate value of the rock mass quality, randomly chosen from a normal distribution representative for the studied geological domain. The minimum value was set to represent the characterized rock mass quality for that tunnel section. The results from the simulation produced a systematic error due to the difference between the geological domain, reproducing the borehole mapping, and the simulated values, representing the tunnel mapping. The results showed a systematic error in the RMR basic index around 15 points in average, which compared to the difference of 5-7 points obtained in Norrström and the Norrmalm tunnels in the Stockholm Citylink project recently constructed, are found to be excessive. However, in the simulation, it was assumed that (1) the results obtained were the same in the bore hole mapping and in the tunnel mapping, (2) with the only difference of the engineer geologist assigning to the tunnel section the lowest RMR basic value, and (3) that there was no spatial correlation between the quality RMR basic index. After analyzing the three assumptions the simulation was based upon, the absence of spatial correlation was found to be the most significative, which indicate that spatial correlation in rock mass quality needs to be included if a more correct value should be obtained.
23
Chen, Sharon S. "Peptide sequence assignments by probabilistic peptide profile matching to an annotated peptide database /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8084.
24
Yilmaz, Cagatay. "Gis-based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping In Devrek (zonguldak &." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608805/index.pdf.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate and to compare the results of bivariate statistical analysis conducted with three different data sets in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based landslide susceptibility mapping applied to the Devrek region. The data sets are created from the seed cells of crowns and flanks, only crowns, and only flanks of the landslides by using 10 different parameters of the study area. To increase the data dependency of the analysis, all parameter maps are classified into equal frequency classes based directly on the percentile divisions of each seed cells data set. The resultant maps of the landslide susceptibility analysis indicate that all data sets produce acceptable results. In each seed cell data set analysis, elevation, lithology, slope, aspect and drainage density parameters are found to be the most contributing factors in landslide occurrences. The results of the three data sets are compared by Seed Cell Area Index (SCAI). This comparison shows that the crowns data set produces the most accurate and successful landslide susceptibility map of the study area.
25
Solivio, Beulah Mae Ann. "Studying the RNA-Recognition Site of RNase U2 for a More Diverse Bioanalytical Toolbox in RNA Modification Mapping." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin156387231304478.
26
Meehan, Michael Joseph. "Active site mapping of iterative polyketide synthases and the detection of polyketide intermediates using high-resolution Fourier Transform mass spectrometry." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1464918.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 10, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-148).
27
Zhang, Liwen. "Characterization of histone post-translational modification using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054660495.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 219 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-173). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
28
Sanchez, Washington Hugo. "Cataract affected infant lens tissue and protein specific mapping of intact tissue analysis by MALDI-TOF/MS." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.
29
PETTERSSON, SANDRA-MARIA, and MADELEINE HILLMAN. "Knit On Demand : en studie i utförandet av konceptet masskundanpassade, stickade modekläder." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20190.
Анотація:
Textilhögskolan i Borås startade projektet Knit On Demand i syftet att undersöka och utvärdera complete garment teknologin. Idén bygger på konceptet masskundanpassning inom området stickning. Huvudaktörerna i Knit On Demand projektet är Textilhögskolan i Borås, återförsäljaren SOM Concept i Stockholm samt Ivanhoe, tillverkare av stickade kläder. Målet med detta arbete är att identifiera och beskriva alla processteg, från den tidpunkt då kunden kliver in i butiken i Stockholm tills det färdiga plagget leverats. Vårt arbete går även ut på att hitta och beskriva förbättringsmöjligheter samt tillhörande kostnads kalkyleringar. För att frambringa relevant data utför och presenterar vi en simulering av hela processen. Metoden som har använts i arbetet bygger på observerade fallstudier från både SOM Concept och Ivanhoe. Den metod vi använder oss av är baserad på kvantitativ data och kvalitativa intervjuer med personer involverade i projektet. Hela processen beskrivs med hjälp av ett nutida och framtida flödesschema. I det nutida flödesschemat är den totala värdehöjande tiden för ett producerat plagg 129 minuter. Förslaget i ett framtida flödesschema visar att processen kan förbättras, bli mer effektiv och påvisar även hur stora förändringarna skulle bli med en snabbare garnleverantör. För att förbättringarna för Knit On Demand ska gå att genomföras måste ordervolymen ökas från 1 plagg till minst 5 plagg per vecka. Förbättringsförslagen är; nya och snabbare garnleverantörer, ny layout plan för Knit On Demand processen hos Ivanhoe, snabbare produktionstid, installation av ett datasystem som hanterar lagerhållning, bättre kommunikation mellan SOM Concept och Ivanhoe samt förbättrad ställtid.Knit On Demand started as a project at the Swedish School of Textiles in Borås with the aim of evaluating complete-garment-technology. It is a mass customization concept within knitting technology. The key players are SOM Concept store in Stockholm and Ivanhoe, a producer of knitted garments in Gällstad.The aim with this thesis is to identify and describe all processes in the concept from the moment when the client enters the store until the Knit On Demand garment is manufactured and delivered to the customer. The purpose is also to find and describe improvement opportunities as well as making an estimated cost calculation for them. To gather relevant data, a simulation of the whole process is performed. The method used is an action research case study of the Knit On Demand project based on quantitative data and qualitative interviews with key persons involved.The process is described with a Value Stream Map of the current state and the future “ideal” state. The current state shows that total value-added lead time for producing one garment is 129 minutes. The future or “ideal” state shows how the processes can be improved and be more efficient, it also shows the importance of improving supplier delivery times.To be able to improve the current Knit On Demand set-up, the order volume must increase from 1 to a minimum of 5 or more orders per week. The improvement suggestions are; new and better suppliers of yarn, new layout and improved down time, plan for the production, improved production time, inventory computer system, better communication between SOM Concept and Ivanhoe.
Program: Textilingenjörsutbildningen
30
Benhalima, Mehdi. "Evaluation of the differences in characterization and classification of the rock mass quality : A comparison between pre-investigation, engineering geological forecast and tunnel mapping in the Northern Link project and the Cityline project." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195743.
Анотація:
In the construction of a tunnel, the characterization of the rock mass is performed in three different steps, in the pre-investigations, in the engineering geological forecast and in the tunnel mapping during construction. There has in previous work been observed that discrepancies exist between the results from these different steps, with a tendency to assign poorer rock mass quality in the tunnel mapping than in the pre-investigations and in the engineering geological forecast. One example is the work done by Kjellström [1] on the Cityline where the divergence in rock mass quality was analyzed between the different steps. If a divergence exists between the engineering geological forecast and the actual conditions observed in the tunnel mapping, it will influence both planning and budget. It is therefore important that the engineering geological forecast is as close as possible to the actual rock mass conditions in the field. The aim of this thesis was, using the case study of the Northern Link, to analyze those discrepancies in the rock mass quality estimated in the characterization and in the classification between the mapping of drill cores, the engineering geological forecast and the tunnel mapping thus complementing the work by Kjellström [1]. The aim was also identifying which parameters included in the Q-system that causes these discrepancies The analysis of the results showed that it is difficult to make the engineering geological forecast and the actual mapping match for every single meter, but that the overall correlation between them was good. The methodology used in the characterization and classification in the different phases (drill-core mapping, engineering geological forecast, tunnel mapping) may to some extent explain this divergence. The parameters Jr, Jn and Ja, included in the Q-system were the ones identified as having the largest influence on the discrepancies. In future work, it is recommended that focus is given on these parameters. A way to improve future engineering geological forecast for tunnel contracts would be to have a better follow up of the engineering geological forecast and to have standardized guidelines on how to assess clearly the value of the Q parameters in each phase (for the drill cores as well as for the actual mapping). The reduction of those differences would then lead to a better planning and budget management in future tunnel projects in Sweden.
31
Song, Yang. "Protein Primary and Quaternary Structure Elucidation by Mass Spectrometry." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437649750.
32
CANDONI, OLIVIERO. "Evoluzione morfodinamica di fenomeni di insabilità gravitativa nel bacino di Crotone-Spartivento, Sud Italia, attraverso integrazione di dati geofisici e geologici." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2950453.
Анотація:
I fenomeni di instabilità gravitativi sono noti per essere ampiamente diffusi negli ambienti marini, poiché essi modellando la morfologia del fondale marino, dalle zone della scarpata continentale fino alle piane abissali. Inoltre, i fenomeni di instabilità gravitativi sono una delle fonti principale di un'enorme quantità di sedimenti che dalle piattaforma continentali vengono trasportati fino alle piane abissali. Lo studio di questi processi è importante perché permette di capire le dinamiche che li regolano e perché questi fenomeni possono rappresentare potenziali rischi per le attività umane sia lungo le aree costiere che in quelle a largo dalla costa. I fenomeni di instabilità gravitativi sono stati identificati e classificati in base alle dinamiche che li regolano, alla reologia e alla loro distribuzione spaziale e temporale, ponendo particolare attenzione ai fenomeni che ne sono la causa.
L'area oggetto di studio è rappresentata dal bacino di avantarco di Crotone-Spartivento (Mar Ionio, Italia), sviluppatosi in un margine tettonicamente attivo, caratterizzato dalla subduzione della placca africana contro quella europea. Lavori recenti (Ceramicola et al., 2014a, 2012; Morelli et al., 2011) avevano già dimostrato che l’area come l’area sia interessata da estesi e diversificati fenomeni di instabilità gravitativi, in particolare lungo il versante continentale del margine calabrese, attraverso studi condotti grazie ai progetti nazionali: MaGIC (Marine Geohazards Along the Italian Coasts 2007-2003) e Ritmare (2012-2016). Tuttavia, alcuni aspetti legati alla natura e allo sviluppo di questi processi gravitativi sono ancora poco chiari, da qui l'obiettivo di questo studio, che si propone la caratterizzazione dei processi di instabilità gravitativi sa che si verificano nel bacino di Crotone-Spartivento attraverso un'integrazione di dati geofisici e geologici, sia pubblici sia di recente acquisizione ed ottenuti anche grazie alla collaborazione con l’industria petrolifera.
Lo studio è stato diviso in due fasi: una prima fase volta alla classificazione dei processi gravitativi attraverso una caratterizzazione morfologica e morfo metrica, e una seconda fase volta alla comprensione dei fenomeni classificati in relazione all'evoluzione geologica del margine, cercando di capire quali possano essere i fattori che hanno causato tali eventi.
In base alle loro differenze in termini di caratteristiche geomorfologiche, e morfometriche i processi di instabilità gravitativi sono stati divisi in tre principali categorie: 1) frane sottomarine isolate (ISLs), 2) frane lungo le testate e i fianchi dei canyon (HHSs) , 3) strutture di creeping (GGCs).
La relazione con l’evoluzione geologica del bacio di Crotone-Spartvento è stata ottenuta attraverso un'analisi sismo stratigrafica, cercando di identificare i possibili fattori che hanno causato gli eventi legati ai processi di instabilità gravitativi, al fine di suggerire un modello evolutivo che permettesse di capire anche le età e la frequenza dei processi. Le analisi condotte hanno permesso di identificare tre principali discordanze stratigrafiche e quattro unità sismiche. LE discordanze stratigrafiche sono state datate al Miocene (~ 5,3 Ma), al Pliocene medio (MPCU ~ 3,4-3,6 Ma) e al Pleistocene medio (MPSU ~ 1,1-1,2 Ma) e associate all’ evoluzione geodinamica tardo Messiniana Plio-Quaternaria dell'arco di subduzione calabro. Queste tre discordanze stratigrafiche rappresentano i limiti stratigrafici tra le quattro unità sismiche, denominate Unità A, Unità B, Unità C e Unità D. Le tre categorie di processi di instabilità gravitativi classificati sembrano essere legati al rapido sollevamento che ha colpito la Calabria nell'ultimo 1 Ma, in concomitanza ad una subsidenza generale del bacino di Crotone-Spartivento, che ha provocato un rapido aumento dell’inclinazione dei versanti sottomarini ritenuto responsabile dello sviluppo dei processi gravitativi.Submarine mass movements are known to be widely present in marine environments, shaping the seafloor morphology from the shallow upper continental slope down to the abyssal plain. In addition, submarine movements represent an important source of a huge amount of sediments from shallow water areas down to deeper basins. It is important to understand the functioning of mass transport processes because they often represent potential geohazards for human activities both along the coastal and offshore areas. Submarine mass wasting processes have been identified and classified according to their failure dynamics, rheology, spatial and temporal distribution. Particular attention is dedicated to the factors that can trigger or precondition certain area to failure and thus to mass wasting processes initiation. The investigated area is represented by the Crotone-Spartivento forearc basin (Ionian Sea, Italy), generated as a consequence of a tectonically active margin, characterized by the subduction of the African plate beneath the European plate. Recent works (Ceramicola et al., 2014a, 2012; Morelli et al., 2011) conducted in the study area have showed that a variety of mass movements occur along the inner continental slope of the Ionian Calabrian margin in recent times, based thanks to two Italian projects: the MaGIC (Marine Geohazards Along the Italian Coasts 2007-2003) and the Ritmare projects (2012-2016). In addition to this dataset, industrial multichannel seismic reflection data from industry and newly acquired geophysical data have been added .The objective of this study is the characterization of mass movement processes occurring in the Crotone-Spartivento basin through a geophysical and geological data integration. The study was divided into two steps: 1) classification of the MTCs occurring at the Crotone-Spartivento basin through morphological and morphometrical analysis of MTCs related features, 2) link the identified MTCs to the geological evolution of the margin and evaluate possible triggering and preconditioning factors. Based on their differences in style, geomorphologic features and scale, three main types of MTCs were recognized: 1) Isolated submarine landslides (ISLs), 2) Headwall and sidewall canyon slides (HSSs), 3) Gravity gliding complexes (GGCs). A seismostratigraphic analysis have been performed to study the identified MTCs in relation to the Plio-Quaternary evolution of the, trying to identify possible preconditioning and triggering factors, in order to suggest a model for the MTCs occurred along the Crotone Spartivento.Stratigraphic analysis performed led to the identification of three main unconformities and four seismic units, tentatively dated to top of the Miocene (~ 5.3 Ma), Middle Pliocene (MPCU ~ 3.4-3.6 Ma) and Middle Pleistocene (MPSU ~ 1.1-1.2 Ma) and associated to the Late Messinian Plio-Quaternary geodynamics of the Calabrian Arc. These three unconformities marks the boundaries between four seismic units, named Unit A, Unit B, Unit C and Unit D. The three types of MTCs (SLs, HHS and GGCs) identified along the Calabrian Ionian margin has been constrained seems to be related to the general and rapid uplift that affected Calabria in the last 1 Ma that coupled with a general subsidence of the Crotone-Spartivento fore arc basin is inferred to be responsible of a rapid slope steepening that triggered the MTCs identified.
33
Elmo, Davide. "Evaluation of a hybrid FEM/DEM approach for determination of rock mass strength using a combination of discontinuity mapping and fracture mechanics modelling, with particular emphasis on modelling of jointed pillars." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439831.
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MANTOVANI, Bárbara. "Mapeamento de risco a movimentos de massa e inundação em áreas urbanas do município de Camaragibe." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17957.
Анотація:
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capes
A urbanização acelerada associada à ausência histórica de políticas públicas habitacionais levou à população a ocupar desordenadamente áreas de encostas e planícies alagáveis, impulsionando a ocorrência de processos do meio físico causadores de desastres. Frente à ocorrência de eventos de movimentos de massa e inundação de alta magnitude, foi aprovada em 2012 a Lei nº. 12.608 que estabelece diretrizes voltadas à gestão e redução de riscos, com destaque às ações preventivas. Para tanto, o Governo Federal por meio do Ministério da Integração Nacional / Secretaria Nacional de Defesa Civil, iniciou uma parceria com a Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), através do Grupo de Engenharia Geotécnica de Encostas, Planícies e Desastres (GEGEP), com o projeto intitulado “Avaliação da vulnerabilidade e do risco em áreas suscetíveis a deslizamentos e inundações em Pernambuco”. Como compromisso desta parceria e parte da dissertação, foram mapeadas áreas de risco médio, alto e muito alto a processos de movimentos de massa e inundação do município de Camaragibe – PE, considerando aspectos da vulnerabilidade e suscetibilidade. Como complemento, duas áreas foram expandidas e mapeadas em sua amplitude, abrangendo todos os níveis de risco. No total, o mapeamento consta de 102 áreas sujeitas a processos de movimentos de massa e 2 à inundação, distribuídas em 67,56 ha concentrados na porção centro-sul do município onde reside 90% da população local. Foi aplicada a metodologia qualitativa de mapeamento, proposta pelo GEGEP / UFPE e embasada em experiências anteriores, associando vulnerabilidade, através de aspectos físicoambientais e socioeconômico e culturais, e suscetibilidade, a partir de informações geológicogeotécnicas, geomorfológicas e de uso e ocupação do solo. O grau de risco foi obtido por meio de uma matriz que correlaciona estes dois indicadores e 27% dos subsetores obtiveram risco muito alto, 60% alto (incluindo as 2 áreas de inundação), 12% médio e 1% baixo. A metodologia mostrou-se adequada e com boa representação das condições encontradas em campo. Foram comentados os aspectos gerais do município e apresentada a síntese da caracterização geológico-geotécnica de uma encosta com problemas de estabilidade, objeto de pesquisas anteriores do GEGEP / UFPE, bem como suas condições atuais. As características institucionais do município foram avaliadas, os elementos de interesse representados espacialmente e intervenções básicas de engenharia foram propostas para a mitigação de uma área de risco muito alto.
The fast urbanization in association with the historical lack of public housing police have led the population of brazil’s poor regions to occupy disorderly Slopes and floodable plains increasing natural disasters as landslide and flooding. Due high magnitude of these events a Federal Law was published establishing guidelines targeted to management and natural disasters risk decrease in the country, highlighting preventive actions such as mapping risk areas. This research is part of an agreement between the National Integration Ministry/Civil Defense National Secretariat (MI/SEDEC) with The Federal University of Pernambuco / Geotechnical Engineering Group of Slopes and Plains and Disasters (UFPE / GEGEP), with the work has been entitled as “Evaluation of vulnerability and susceptible areas to risk of landslide and flooding in Pernambuco”. The goal of this partnership and part of this work is to present a map of areas with medium-risk, high-risk and very high-risk of mass movements and flooding of occupied areas in the municipality of Camaragibe – PE, from factors related to vulnerability and susceptibility. As a complement, more two areas were expanded and mapped in its amplitude, covering all risk levels. In its totality the mapping contains 102 areas susceptible to mass movements and two susceptible to flooding across 67,56 ha in the southcentral of the municipality where live 90% of the local population. The mapping was done based in the qualitative methodology created by the GEGEP / UFPE group, referring to experiences in past mappings. The vulnerability analysis was planned through the development of indicators associated to two dimensions: physical-environmental and cultural socioeconomics. The susceptibility was analyzed through indicators developed through the geological-geotechnical, geomorphological evaluation and the use and occupation of the soil evaluation. The final risk was obtained through a matrix that correlates the final degree of vulnerability and susceptibility, and 27% subsectors reached very high-risk, 60% reached highrisk (including 2 areas of flooding risk), 12% medium-risk and 1% low-risk. The adopted methodology represented well the field conditions. It was commented general aspects of the municipality and presented a synthesis of geological-geotechnical description of a Slope with stability problems that was subject of several old researches of UFPE/GEGEP as well as its current conditions. The municipality’s institutional characteristics has been evaluated, interest elements were spatially represented and basic engineering interventions has been proposed for a mitigation of very high-risk area.
35
Sanchez, Washington H. "Elucidating the role of silicone in the treatment of burn scars : an essential step in the development of improved treatment products." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16287/.
Анотація:
Hypertrophic scarring is a common occurrence for severe burn victims leading to major functional, physiological, and aesthetic effects to the patients. Limiting the hypertrophic scarring of the patients alleviates the functional, physiological, and aesthetic effects. Silicone gels, over the past decade, have been widely used to remediate and limit hypertrophic scarring but the mechanism of action is yet to be determined. One explanation has been that hydration of the outermost area of the burn is induced by the silicone gel . However, non-silicone polymers which increase hydration could not mimic the effect. An alternative interpretation is that there may be silicone species that migrate from the silicone gel into the viable tissue to mediate reactions in the extra-cellular matrix that result in a decreased deposition of excessive amounts of collagen - a central feature of the hypertrophic scar. A novel and informative technique to study these species is MALDI-TOF/MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) in conjunction with gel permeation chromatography. MALDI-TOF/MS, which has allowed the detection of intact molecular species that were not possible with more established mass spectrometric techniques. The mobile species that may migrate from polydimethylsiloxane medical gel sheeting into skin have been identified by MALDI-MS. The bulk gel contains predominantly cyclic oligomers with a mass distribution peaking at n = 19 (number of repeating siloxane units), but in an aqueous environment the species at the surface of the silicone medical gel are predominantly methyl/methylol-terminated linear siloxanes. By using a gelatine matrix as a model substrate, the distribution of silicon after application of the silicone gel for 16 weeks was determined by Energy-dispersive X-Ray mapping of the sectioned gelatine. The association of the linear and cyclic oligomers with proteins relevant in hypertrophic scarring are considered. The mobility of silicone species across stratum corneum was confirmed by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT/IR). This method confirms our hypothesis that not only are the low molecular weight silicone species mobile, but also that they do traverse the natural barrier, the stratum corneum, to levels that are detectable by ATR after a continuous application over approximately 11 days. Invitro studies of the effects of LMWS on primary line fibroblast cells indicate a response that down regulates the proliferation of fibroblast cells and protein production. Preliminary results indicate that a family of pendant functional LMWS are effective in down regulating hypertrophic-derived fibroblast primary cells. Studies on hypertrophic scar tissue treated with silicone medical gel indicate that LMWS permeate across the stratum corneum into viable scar tissue. In some areas, the LMWS tend to pool as detected by SEM/EDX elemental silicon analysis. These areas of LMWS pooling tend to be composed of highly disorganised collagen nodules.
36
Sanchez, Washington Hugo. "Elucidating the role of silicone in the treatment of burn scars : an essential step in the development of improved treatment products." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16287/1/Washington_Sanchez_Thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
Hypertrophic scarring is a common occurrence for severe burn victims leading to major functional, physiological, and aesthetic effects to the patients. Limiting the hypertrophic scarring of the patients alleviates the functional, physiological, and aesthetic effects.
Silicone gels, over the past decade, have been widely used to remediate and limit hypertrophic scarring but the mechanism of action is yet to be determined. One explanation has been that hydration of the outermost area of the burn is induced by the silicone gel . However, non-silicone polymers which increase hydration could not mimic the effect. An alternative interpretation is that there may be silicone species that migrate from the silicone gel into the viable tissue to mediate reactions in the extra-cellular matrix that result in a decreased deposition of excessive amounts of collagen - a central feature of the hypertrophic scar.
A novel and informative technique to study these species is MALDI-TOF/MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) in conjunction with gel permeation chromatography. MALDI-TOF/MS, which has allowed the detection of intact molecular species that were not possible with more established mass spectrometric techniques.
The mobile species that may migrate from polydimethylsiloxane medical gel sheeting into skin have been identified by MALDI-MS. The bulk gel contains predominantly cyclic oligomers with a mass distribution peaking at n = 19 (number of repeating siloxane units), but in an aqueous environment the species at the surface of the silicone medical gel are predominantly methyl/methylol-terminated linear siloxanes. By using a gelatine matrix as a model substrate, the distribution of silicon after application of the silicone gel for 16 weeks was determined by Energy-dispersive X-Ray mapping of the sectioned gelatine. The association of the linear and cyclic oligomers with proteins relevant in hypertrophic scarring are considered.
The mobility of silicone species across stratum corneum was confirmed by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT/IR). This method confirms our hypothesis that not only are the low molecular weight silicone species mobile, but also that they do traverse the natural barrier, the stratum corneum, to levels that are detectable by ATR after a continuous application over approximately 11 days.
Invitro studies of the effects of LMWS on primary line fibroblast cells indicate a response that down regulates the proliferation of fibroblast cells and protein production. Preliminary results indicate that a family of pendant functional LMWS are effective in down regulating hypertrophic-derived fibroblast primary cells.
Studies on hypertrophic scar tissue treated with silicone medical gel indicate that LMWS permeate across the stratum corneum into viable scar tissue. In some areas, the LMWS tend to pool as detected by SEM/EDX elemental silicon analysis. These areas of LMWS pooling tend to be composed of highly disorganised collagen nodules.
37
Podsiadło, Iwona Katarzyna. "Methods for the analysis of time series of multispectral remote sensing images and application to climate change variable estimations." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/322351.
Анотація:
In the last decades, the increasing number of new generation satellite images characterized by a better spectral, spatial and temporal resolution with respect to the past has provided unprecedented source of information for monitoring climate changes.To exploit this wealth of data, powerful and automatic methods to analyze remote sensing images need to be implemented. Accordingly, the objective of this thesis is to develop advanced methods for the analysis of multitemporal multispectral remote sensing images to support climate change applications. The thesis is divided into two main parts and provides four novel contributions to the state-of-the-art. In the first part of the thesis, we exploit multitemporal and multispectral remote sensing data for accurately monitoring two essential climate variables. The first contribution presents a method to improve the estimation of the glacier mass balance provided by physically-based models. Unlike most of the literature approaches, this method integrates together physically-based models, remote sensing data and in-situ measurements to achieve an accurate and comprehensive glacier mass balance estimation. The second contribution addresses the land cover mapping for monitoring climate change at high spatial resolution. Within this work, we developed two processing chains: one for the production of a recent (2019) static high resolution (10 m) land cover map at subcontinental scale, and the other for the production of a long-term record of regional high resolution (30 m) land cover maps. The second part of this thesis addresses the common challenges faced while performing the analysis of multitemporal multispectral remote sensing data. In this context, the third contribution deals with the multispectral images cloud occlusions problem. Differently from the literature, instead of performing computationally expensive cloud restoration techniques, we study the robustness of deep learning architectures such as Long Short Term Memory classifier to cloud cover. Finally, we address the problem of the large scale training set definition for multispectral data classification. To this aim, we propose an approach that leverages on available low resolution land cover maps and domain adaptation techniques to provide representative training sets at large scale. The proposed methods have been tested on Sentinel-2 and Landsat 5, 7, 8 multispectral images. Qualitative and quantitative experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the methods proposed in this thesis.
38
Junior, Alberto Ferreira do Amaral. "Mapeamento geotécnico aplicado a análise de processos de movimentos de massa gravitacionais: Costa Verde - RJ - escala 1:10.000." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-05042007-151540/.
Анотація:
Este trabalho apresenta um conjunto de atividades desenvolvidas e os respectivos resultados obtidos no decorrer dos estudos relacionados ao mapeamento geotécnico e movimentos de massa gravitacionais realizados em uma área que compreende 60 \'KM POT.2\', sendo 41 \'KM POT.2\' de encosta e 19 \'KM POT.2\' de planícies, localizada na região da Costa Verde-RJ, contemplando parte dos municípios de Itaguaí e Mangaratiba. O estudo foi realizado em três etapas distintas: definição dos atributos, levantamento de dados e análise dos resultados. Como resultado do mapeamento geotécnico foram elaborados os mapas de substrato rochoso, materiais inconsolidados, forma da encosta, declividade, direção da inclinação do talude e usos, assim como os dados de chuvas dos últimos 17 anos. Associado foi elaborado o inventário das feições de movimentos de massa gravitacionais de acordo com os critérios definidos pela UNESCO para classificação e descrição dos movimentos de massa gravitacionais. Foram castrados 140 eventos, consistindo em 5 categorias: escorregamentos translacionais, quedas, rolamentos fluxos e rastejos, sendo que 49% destes eventos não sofreram influência antrópica. A partir das informações obtidas foi elaborada uma carta de zoneamento de predisposição a movimentos de massa gravitacionais com 4 classes de zoneamento, desde uma zona não sujeita a estes eventos e outras com maiores níveis de predisposições aos movimentos de massa gravitacionais com 4 classes de zoneamento, desde uma zona não sujeita a estes eventos e outras com maiores níveis de predisposições aos movimentos de massa gravitacionais.This work presents a group of procedures developed and the results obtained by the studies related to the engineering geological mapping and gravitational mass movement processes carried out in an area with 60 \'KM POT.2\', being 41 \'KM POT.2\' of hillside and 19 \'KM POT.2\' of plains. It is located in the region of the Costa Verde - Rio de Janeiro, considering part of the Itaguaí and Mangaratiba municipalities. The study was developed in three distinct stages: definition of the attributes, obtaining of the data and analysis of the results. As result of the engineering geological mapping were elaborated rock substrate, unconsolidated materials, slope shape, slope gradient, direction of the slope gradient and land uses maps, as well as the rainfall data of the last 17 years. It was elaborated the inventory of the features of gravitational mass movements in accordance with the criteria defined by UNESCO for classification and description of the gravitational mass movements. It was registered 140 features, consisting of 5 categories: translational landslides, falls, boulder rolling, flows and creep, which around 49% of these features had not suffered human influence. Considering the data obtained during the study a gravitational mass movements predisposition zoning chart was elaborated with 4 classes, since a zone it does not subject to these events and others with higher levels of predispositions to the gravitational mass movements.
39
Skupien, Kathryn Stephanie. "Colors and Mapping: The Right to Receive Information." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4845.
Анотація:
Color is used in everything we see and do and it often can be used for effect and representation, particularly on maps and transportation signage. This study explores the issues that the color blind population exhibits when viewing these maps and signs. Seeing that 8%#37; of the male population is afflicted with some form of color blindness, it is pertinent that research reflect these issues and take into consideration the Right to Receive Information for this population. A qualitative method using Photovoice and interviews was used to determine whether this population considers itself having a disability and what solutions can be found to assist with issues of seeing colors on transportation maps and signage. Results show that although half of the participants feel they have a disability, they do not want to be categorized with other disabilities or have restrictions placed on them. The overall consensus regarding maps was to use less colors and simplify. One solution to the issue of being able to read maps and signage was to instill the ColorADD Symbol System in the U.S. comprehensively. This study provides insight to the issues faced by the color blind population regarding Right to Receive Information for maps and signage, including alternate solutions to providing color blind people with sufficient materials. The significance of this research can be used to provide safer transportation signage for driving and better maps for traveling.
40
Remy, Benjamin. "Generative modeling for weak lensing inverse problems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP163.
Анотація:
Le lentillage gravitationnelle, qui génère un effet de déformation des images de galaxies lointaines à travers l'influence de densités de matières massives dans la ligne de visée, est très prometteur pour répondre aux questions relatives à la matière noire et à l'énergie sombre. Cet effet permet de sonder directement la distribution de matière noire dans l'Univers, qui est invisible autrement. Dans le régime où ces déformations sont faibles, il est possible de cartographier la distribution de matières projetées dans la ligne de visée, appelée carte de masse, à partir de la mesure de la déformation d'un grand nombre de galaxies. Cependant, la reconstruction de ces cartes de masse est un problème inverse qui est mal posé, à cause de données manquantes et de bruits dans le signal mesuré, et nécessite donc de l'information à priori pour être résolu. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'utiliser les récentes avancées sur les modèles génératifs qui permettent de modéliser des distributions complexes dans des espaces de très haute dimension. Nous proposons en particulier une nouvelle méthode pour résoudre les problème inverses de hautes dimensions et mal posés en en caractérisant la distribution a posteriori complète. En apprenant la distribution a priori à partir de de simulations cosmologiques, nous pouvons reconstruire des cartes de masses de très hautes résolution, y compris aux petites échelles, tout en en quantifiant les incertitudes associées. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'utiliser les récentes avancées sur les modèles génératifs qui permettent de modéliser des distributions complexes dans des espaces de très haute dimension. Nous proposons en particulier une nouvelle méthode pour résoudre les problèmes inverses de haute dimension et mal posés en en caractérisant la distribution a posteriori complète. En apprenant la distribution a priori à partir de simulations cosmologiques, nous pouvons reconstruire des cartes de masse de très haute résolution, y compris aux petites échelles, tout en en quantifiant les incertitudes associées. De plus, nous présentons une nouvelle méthode de mesure du cisaillement gravitationnel en créant un modèle décrivant les données observées au niveau des pixels. Contrairement aux méthodes standards, cette méthode ne repose pas sur la mesure d'ellipticité des galaxies et introduit donc un nouveau paradigme pour la mesure du cisaillement gravitationnel. Nous proposons en particulier un modèle hiérarchique Bayésien, avec des composantes génératives apprises et des composantes analytiques physiques. Nous montrons que cela permet de résoudre le biais de modèles dans l'estimation du cisaillement gravitationnelGravitational lensing, which is the effect of the distortion of distant galaxy images through the influence of massive matter densities in the line of sight, holds significant promise in addressing questions about dark matter and dark energy. It reflects the distribution of total matter of the Universe and is therefore a promising probe for cosmological models. In the case where these distortions are small, we call it the weak gravitational lensing regime and a straightforward mapping exists between the matter distribution projected in the line of sight, called mass-map, and the measured lensing effect. However, when attempting to reconstruct matter mass-maps under conditions involving missing data and high noise corruption, this linear inverse problem becomes ill-posed and may lack a meaningful solution without additional prior knowledge. The main objective of this thesis is to employ recent breakthroughs in the generative modeling literature that enable the modeling of complex distribution in high-dimensional spaces. We propose in particular a novel methodology to solve high-dimensional ill-posed inverse problems, characterizing the full posterior distribution of the problem. By learning the high dimensional prior from cosmological simulations, we demonstrate that we are able to reconstruct high-resolution 2D mass-maps alongside uncertainty quantification. Additionally, we present a new method for cosmic shear estimation based on forward modeling of the observation at the pixel level. This represents a new paradigm for weak lensing measurement as it does not rely on galaxy ellipticities anymore. In particular, we propose to build a hybrid generative and physical hierarchical Bayesian model and demonstrate that we can remove the source of model bias in the estimation of the cosmic shear
41
Maxwell, Susan. "Mapping invisible cities : addressing the complexities of achieving polyphonic archives." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2016. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36136/.
Анотація:
In the 1990s and 2000s, the theory on which professional practice of archivists and records managers drew was reviewed, in light of cultural and technological changes and of postmodernist philosophies. In particular, the theoretical narrative of the “neutral archives” was terminally disrupted, and more explicit responsibility attributed to the profession for actively seeking to redress the way that power imbalances in contemporary society were reflected in ‘the archive’. Professional archivists and records managers began to look for ways in which as professionals they could counteract these areas of neglect. There had not been any systematic analysis of “marginality” or “marginalised” as a concept, as opposed to particular instances thereof. In addition, the focus of attention in many of the responses had been those records related to situations or groups that already had been politicised. This combination seemed problematic, as a conceptualisation of marginality or exclusion was emerging and consolidating, one that focused primarily on situations of political instability or disenfranchisement or of conflict. While the disruption of the narrative of the neutral archive could in theory have resonance for all information professionals in all working environments, the particulars of the examples of exclusion and marginalisation were not applicable in every scenario. That is to say, those archivists and records managers who were not responsible for records that were in some clear way related to a politicised group or situation could assume on that basis that they were not, in their professional capacity, colluding in exclusion, marginalisation or neglect. By articulating the conceptualisation of marginality and seeking to focus on possible domestic and quotidian means by which power imbalances and exclusions are manifested, this research contributes to the extension of the relevance of the debate to politically stable environments and everyday activities, in addition to unstable or post-conflict situations. By focusing on the potentially dynamic relationship between the information curator and the records for which they were responsible – rather than the records creators or subjects – it also draws out additional opportunities for professional engagement with social and cultural imbalances.
42
Stasiak, Lukasz. "Functional analysis of the fat mass and obesity associated (Fto) gene and protein." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:74abbb87-26f6-423d-b231-2d910f707bcd.
Анотація:
Genome wide association studies have shown that common variants in the human fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene predispose to obesity and increased fat mass. Mice globally lacking Fto are lean, while mice globally overexpressing Fto have increased body weight due to increased fat mass. FTO protein was shown to localise to the nucleus and demethylate ssDNA and ssRNA. However, the mechanisms by which FTO mediates its effects on body phenotype remain unknown. In this thesis, I found that native FTO can be detected in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm during interphase, and that nuclear FTO was exported through the nuclear membrane during early prophase of the mitotic cell division. I developed co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) protocol to pull-down native FTO and identified a large number of new candidate binding partners (CBPs). Computational analysis predicted a role for FTO, and many CBPs, in RNA post-transcriptional modification and processing. I confirmed that the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM21 interacts with FTO in multiple mouse tissues and binds FTO through its SPRY domain. Importantly, TRIM21 ubiquitinated FTO which did not lead to its degradation. FTO partially co-localised with TRIM21 and the decapping enzyme DCP2 in mRNA processing bodies (p-bodies). Overexpression of TRIM21 led to the accumulation of FTO outside the nucleus, but was reversed when both proteins were overexpressed. Additionally, I created a muscle specific Fto knock-out mouse model and found that lack of FTO in muscle did not result in the body composition phenotype reported in global Fto knock-out mice. Taken together, FTO can function in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, where it interacts with TRIM21 which ubiquitinates FTO and potentiates its cytoplasmic localisation. Moreover, function of FTO in muscle does not mediate the obesity phenotype in mice.
43
Patel, Anjali. "An Integrated Proteomic Approach for Mapping the ALS-linked TDP-43 Interactome." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42687.
Анотація:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which an RNA-binding protein, TDP-43, mislocalizes and pathologically accumulates from its normal nuclear locale to the cytosol. Given that the subcellular localization and expression of TDP-43 is tightly regulated, we posit that identifying novel interactors of wild-type and mutant TDP-43 could reveal insight into networks involved in regulating its localization, ultimately driving neurodegeneration in ALS.
Using CRISPR/Cas9, our lab previously generated knock-in cell lines expressing GFP in the endogenous TARDBP locus (encoding for TDP-43) for both wildtype (WT) and an ALS-causing mutant (Q331K). We have shown that the Q331K mutation causes loss-of-function and mislocalization of TDP-43. I performed immunoprecipitation coupled to mass spectrometry (IP-MS) on this cell model to elucidate interactors of WT- and Q331K- TDP-43. Our data show that there is an overall loss of TDP-43 interactors in cells with the TDP-43Q331K mutation. By setting statistical cut-offs for significance, we identified 34 shared and 12 unique interactors of TDP-43WT. We used bioinformatic approaches to identify enriched pathways and literature searches to look for interactors relevant to TDP-43 and ALS pathobiology. Our shortlist of 14 candidates for validation included proteins involved in the nuclear mRNA export pathways, RNA binding proteins and proteins identified in other interactome studies and TDP-43 based screens.
Using orthogonal approaches, we show evidence of robust interaction of four top hits (PABPC1, HNRNPC, DDX39b and ELAVL1) with TDP-43WT, and a significant decrease in the degree of interaction of HNRNPC, DDX39b and ELAVL1 with TDP-43Q331K. Importantly, this decrease in interaction was only observed at the endogenous level, highlighting the importance of maintaining the steady state levels of TDP-43 in the cell for these assays. We characterized the effects of knockdown and overexpression of these four hits using protein-specific overexpression constructs and shRNAs and observed a significant increase in TDP-43 nuclear localization upon knockdown of these four hits, suggesting that there is a functional effect associated with hit knockdown. Overexpression or knockdown of the top hits in a splicing assay did not identify significant changes in TDP-43’s splicing or RNA binding abilities, suggesting that these hits do not affect splicing function in our hit characterization studies.
Using this novel experimental tool and unbiased screen, we identified alterations in TDP-43 protein-protein interactions in the context of ALS and have generated tools to characterize their roles in cellular functions using knockdown and overexpression approaches. Together with the knock-in cells, these tools will allow us to gain insight into pathways involved in driving neurodegeneration, in the context of ALS.
44
Macarthur, Deborah Jane. "Mapping the proteome of Streptococcus gordonii." University of Sydney. Health Science, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/686.
Анотація:
Streptococcus gordonii is a primary coloniser of the tooth surface where it efficiently ferments carbohydrates at pH levels above 6.0. By not being able to maintain the pH of dental plaque to a level required for enamel dissolution, the dominance of S. gordonii in dental plaque is considered a sign of a healthy oral cavity. However, upon entering the bloodstream and encountering a rise in pH, S. gordonii may become pathogenic, being one of the major causative organisms associated with infective endocarditis. Proteome analyses of S. gordonii grown at steady state in a chemostat allowed the phenotypic changes associated with alterations in pH levels characteristic of these two environments to be determined. As an initial starting point to this study, a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2- DE) reference map of S. gordonii grown at pH 7.0 was produced. Although only 50% of the S gordonii genome was available in an annotated form during the course of this study, the closely related Streptococcus pneumoniae genome (with which S. gordonii shares 97.24% DNA sequence homology) had been completed in 2001. The use of both of these databases allowed many of the S. gordonii proteins to be identified by mass spectrometry. Four hundred and seventy six protein spots, corresponding to 250 different proteins, or 12.5% of the S. gordonii proteome, were identified, giving rise to the first comprehensive proteome reference map of this oral bacterium. Of the 250 different proteins, 196 were of cellular origin while 68 were identified from the extracellular milieu. Only 14 proteins were common to both compartments. Of particular interest among the 54 uniquely identified extracellular proteins was a homologue of a peptidoglycan hydrolase that has been associated with virulence in S. pneumoniae. Among the other proteins identified were ones involved in transport and binding, energy metabolism, translation, transformation, stress response and virulence. Twelve cell envelope proteins were identified as well as 25 others that were predicted to have a membrane association based on the presence of at least one transmembrane domain. The study also confirmed the existence of 38 proteins previously designated as �hypothetical� or with no known function. Mass spectral data for over 1000 protein spots were accumulated and archived for future analysis when sequencing of the S. gordonii genome is finally completed. Following the mapping of the proteome of S. gordonii, alterations in protein spots associated with growth of the bacterium at pH intervals of 0.5 units in the pH range 5.5 - 7.5 were determined. Only 16 protein spots were shown to be significantly altered in their level of expression despite the range of pH studied. Among the differentially expressed proteins was a manganese-dependent inorganic pyrophosphatase (PpaC), which regulates expression of adhesins required for coaggregation. The expression of PpaC was highest at pH 6.5 - 7.0, the pH of a healthy oral cavity, indicating that PpaC may play an important part in dental plaque formation. Another differentially expressed protein was the heat-inducible transcription repressor (HrcA). Alterations in HrcA were consistent with its role as a negative repressor in regulating heat-shock proteins at low pH, even though no changes in the level of heat-shock proteins were observed as the pH declined. This result gave rise to the hypothesis that the possible reason cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans, can out compete S. gordonii at low pH might simply be due to their ability to manipulate their proteome in a complex manner for survival and persistence at low pH, unlike S. gordonii. This may imply some prevailing level of genetic regulation that is missing in S. gordonii.
45
Macarthur, Deborah Jane. "Mapping The Proteome Of Streptococcus Gordonii." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5097.
Анотація:
Streptococcus gordonii is a primary coloniser of the tooth surface where it efficiently ferments carbohydrates at pH levels above 6.0. By not being able to maintain the pH of dental plaque to a level required for enamel dissolution, the dominance of S. gordonii in dental plaque is considered a sign of a healthy oral cavity. However, upon entering the bloodstream and encountering a rise in pH, S. gordonii may become pathogenic, being one of the major causative organisms associated with infective endocarditis. Proteome analyses of S. gordonii grown at steady state in a chemostat allowed the phenotypic changes associated with alterations in pH levels characteristic of these two environments to be determined. As an initial starting point to this study, a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2- DE) reference map of S. gordonii grown at pH 7.0 was produced. Although only 50% of the S gordonii genome was available in an annotated form during the course of this study, the closely related Streptococcus pneumoniae genome (with which S. gordonii shares 97.24% DNA sequence homology) had been completed in 2001. The use of both of these databases allowed many of the S. gordonii proteins to be identified by mass spectrometry. Four hundred and seventy six protein spots, corresponding to 250 different proteins, or 12.5% of the S. gordonii proteome, were identified, giving rise to the first comprehensive proteome reference map of this oral bacterium. Of the 250 different proteins, 196 were of cellular origin while 68 were identified from the extracellular milieu. Only 14 proteins were common to both compartments. Of particular interest among the 54 uniquely identified extracellular proteins was a homologue of a peptidoglycan hydrolase that has been associated with virulence in S. pneumoniae. Among the other proteins identified were ones involved in transport and binding, energy metabolism, translation, transformation, stress response and virulence. Twelve cell envelope proteins were identified as well as 25 others that were predicted to have a membrane association based on the presence of at least one transmembrane domain. The study also confirmed the existence of 38 proteins previously designated as �hypothetical� or with no known function. Mass spectral data for over 1000 protein spots were accumulated and archived for future analysis when sequencing of the S. gordonii genome is finally completed. Following the mapping of the proteome of S. gordonii, alterations in protein spots associated with growth of the bacterium at pH intervals of 0.5 units in the pH range 5.5 - 7.5 were determined. Only 16 protein spots were shown to be significantly altered in their level of expression despite the range of pH studied. Among the differentially expressed proteins was a manganese-dependent inorganic pyrophosphatase (PpaC), which regulates expression of adhesins required for coaggregation. The expression of PpaC was highest at pH 6.5 - 7.0, the pH of a healthy oral cavity, indicating that PpaC may play an important part in dental plaque formation. Another differentially expressed protein was the heat-inducible transcription repressor (HrcA). Alterations in HrcA were consistent with its role as a negative repressor in regulating heat-shock proteins at low pH, even though no changes in the level of heat-shock proteins were observed as the pH declined. This result gave rise to the hypothesis that the possible reason cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans, can out compete S. gordonii at low pH might simply be due to their ability to manipulate their proteome in a complex manner for survival and persistence at low pH, unlike S. gordonii. This may imply some prevailing level of genetic regulation that is missing in S. gordonii.
46
Patil, Ujwal S. "Magnetic nanoparticles containing labeling reagents for cell surface mapping." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2049.
Анотація:
Cell surface proteins play an important role in understanding cell-cell communication, cell signaling pathways, cell division and molecular pathogenesis in various diseases. Commonly used biotinylation regents for cell surface mapping have shown some potential drawbacks such as crossing the cell membrane, difficult recovery of biotinylated proteins from streptavidin/avidin beads, interference from endogenous biotin and nonspecific nature of streptavidin. With aim to solve these problems, we introduced sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) ester functionalized magnetic nanoparticles containing cleavable groups to label solvent exposed primary amine groups of proteins. Silica coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs) were linked to NHS ester groups via a cleavable disulfide bond. Additionally, the superparamagnetic properties of Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs facilitate efficient separation of the labeled peptides and removal of the detergent without any extra step of purification. In the last step, the disulfide bond between the labeled peptides and MNPs was cleaved to release the labeled peptides. The disulfide linked NHS ester modified Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs were tested using a small peptide, and a model protein (bovine serum albumin) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS) of labeled peptides. In the next step, disulfide linked, NHS ester modified Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs (150 nm) successfully labeled the solvent exposed cell surface peptides of Saccharomyces cerevisae. Electron microscopic analysis confirmed the cell surface binding of NHS ester modified Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed the presence of 30 unique proteins containing 56 peptides.
Another MNPs based labeling reagent was developed to target solvent exposed carboxyl acid residues of peptides and proteins. The surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs was modified with free amine groups via a disulfide bond. Solvent exposed carboxyl groups of ACTH 4-11 and BSA were labeled by using1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) chemistry. Upon cleaving the disulfide bond, labeled peptides were analyzed by LC-MS/MS.
The MNPs containing labeling reagents offers specific labeling under physiological conditions and rapid magnetic separation of labeled peptides prior to mass spectrometric analysis. The ability of large Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs to specifically attach to cell surface makes them a potential candidate to study the surface of variety of different cell types and complex proteins surrounded by lipid bilayer.
47
Strauss, Catherine. "Mapping the carnival: conceptions of public safety in conservative prison policy and in the work of prison abolition." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106251.
Анотація:
In this thesis I examine a punitive moment in Canadian corrections policy and practice that began in 2006 with the Conservative Party's election to office. I consider this moment through its founding policy document, A Roadmap to Strengthening Public Safety. The Roadmap's key punitive arguments are based in its construction of a Changing Offender Profile, a term that draws upon the archetypal colonial constructions of the lawless Native offender and the law-abiding Canadian national. These constructions still inform dominant notions of 'prisoner' and 'public' today. In contrast, the political theatre piece Parole Sans Parole rejects the neoliberal citizen-making project of both the Roadmap and parole policies. It reverses positions of power through techniques of the carnival, linking the physical and political safety of the non-incarcerated to the safety of the incarcerated. This performance strategy radically alters the position of the public in relation to the lives of prisoners and parolees and the issues they face in the current state of Canadian imprisonment.Dans ce mémoire j'examine une période punitive de la politique correctionnelle Canadienne qui a débuté en 2006 lorsque le Parti Conservateur a été porté au pouvoir. J'étudie cette période par le biais de son document politique fondateur, La Feuille de route pour une sécurité publique accrue. Les argumentspunitifs clé de la Feuille de route sont basés sur sa construction du concept de « profil de contrevenant en pleine évolution », une idée qui tire ses sources des archétypes colonialistes du contrevenant amérindien hors-la-loi et du citoyen canadien profondément respectueux de la loi. Aujourd'hui, ces constructionscontinuent à influencer les notions dominantes de ce qu'est un « prisonnier » ou un « public ». En opposition avec cette vision, la pièce de théâtre politique Parole Sans Parole rejette le projet néo-libéral de créer le citoyen idéal, projet qui sous-tend la Feuille de route et les politiques de mise en libération conditionnelle. La pièce utilise des techniques du carnavalèsque pour renverser les positions de pouvoir et montre que la sécurité physique et politique des personnes en liberté est étroitement liée à la sécurité des personnes incarcérées. Cette stratégie théâtrale transforme radicalement la position du public en rapport avec la vie des personnes détenues et placées en libération conditionnelle et les enjeux auxquels elles sont confrontées dans l'état actuel du système carcéral canadien.
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Gutsche, Robert Edward Jr. "Mediated constructions and lived experiences of place: an analysis of news, sourcing, and mapping." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1462.
Анотація:
This dissertation advances previous research on the journalistic interpretive community by placing news at the center of a community's construction of place. By focusing on the construction of Iowa City, Iowa's "Southeast Side" - neighborhoods home to predominantly newly arrived black residents from Chicago and other urban areas - this study identifies dominant news characterizations of the Southeast Side that mark the place as a "ghetto" or "inner city."
Beyond providing information about community issues and social conditions from southeastern neighborhoods, the term Southeast Side performed a singular ideological purpose: to identify and maintain dominant community values throughout the rest of Iowa City. Racialized and stereotyped news narratives of urban people, places, and problems in a place called the Southeast Side created an ideological boundary between those in and outside the Southeast Side.
Such a boundary subjugated the Southeast Side's cultural diversity and its people, presenting them as being counter to Midwestern values and a threat to notions of a safe, white and historically homogeneous community. Indeed, the creation of Southeast Side was just as much about creating an "inner city" as it was about constructing notions of Iowa City itself.
Through mental mapping, this project then compares dominant news characterizations to those made by Southeast Side residents, journalists, and public officials. In the end, this study explores cultural meanings that emerged from examining the similarities or differences between the place-making of residents, journalists, and news sources.
This study reveals place-making as a fundamental role of the journalistic community and identifies another ideological function of the press in that they assign power and meanings by describing news by where it happens. Journalists and media scholars have long talked about the press as improving community journalism to meet the notion of the public sphere. Yet, this dissertation is not another such study that only encourages journalists to alter how they report on local news and communities. Instead, this study suggests that journalists and scholars recognize the cultural power of journalistic place-making and the challenge to their authority to do so by residents from a particular place.
49
Ghaste, Manoj Shahaji. "Comprehensive mapping of volatile organic compounds in fruits." Doctoral thesis, country:IT, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10449/26348.
Анотація:
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the key aroma producers in fruits and sensory quality of fruits is widely determined by qualitative and quantitative composition of VOCs. The aroma of grape is a complex of hundreds of VOCs belonging to different chemical classes like alcohols, esters, acids, terpenes, aldehydes, furanones, pyrazines, isoprenoids and many more. VOCs play important role as they determine the flavor of grapes and wine made from it. The objective of this thesis is to study of VOCs through development of different mass spectrometry based analytical methodologies and its applications for the comprehensive investigation and construction of database of the VOCs in grapes. First part of the study was dedicated to generation of a database of grape VOCs through the
screening of multiple grape varieties (n=124) representing different species, color and origin. The experiment was carried out using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based approach and according to metabolomics protocols. A customized dataset of reference standards (>350) was generated and, an automated pipeline for data analysis was created in collaboration with data management group of the institute. The results showed annotation of “level 1”of 117 VOCs in grape. The established database in this experiment will represent the significant portion of the future Grape Metabolome database. The second part of the study was dedicated to study the differential behavior of volatile organic compounds and their glycosylated precursors qualitatively and semi quantitatively. Volatile secondary metabolites also exist in the form of nonvolatile and odorless glycosylated precursors in grape and studies have confirmed that concentration of these precursors can be much higher than its free counterparts. The elevated concentrations of volatiles in glycosylated forms can significantly affect the wine aroma because of possible chemical modifications throughout the process of fermentation and wine ageing. In addition, the investigation of the biosynthesis and accumulation of VOCs in the fruit tissues requires the consideration of both the free and bound forms. To study the phenomenon an experiment was carried using solid phase extraction (SPE) of the free and glycosylated precursors; with enzymatic hydrolysis aglycone part of the precursors was released followed by subsequent GC-MS analysis. Over 10 different selected grape varieties were analyzed. Sixty-six significant different aroma compounds in grapes (pre and post hydrolysis) were identified. Identification was done based on several parameters like retention time, retention index and MS spectral database. The multivariate statistical analysis by two-way hierarchical clustering with heat map visualization showed distribution of the compounds within different varieties before and after hydrolysis.
In the third part of the study, we performed experiments dedicated to training and applications of atmospheric pressure gas chromatography mass spectrometry (APGC-MS). The experiment was carried out at the Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, under the supervision of Prof. Vladimir Shulaev. We have established the metabolomics protocol for the analysis of fruit volatiles using APGC-MS with an optimized GC and MS conditions and created novel library of the fruit volatile compounds using APGC-MS system. Six different grape varieties were analyzed as a case study and experimental results showed APGC-MS as a valuable solution for metabolomics analysis. The data processing and statistical evaluation was done using XCMS and Progenesis QI©
software. Moreover, observations based on injections of pure reference standards showed high abundance of molecular ions with minimal fragmentation at low collision energy that is typically missing in traditional vacuum source GC-MS. Moreover, the use of elevated collision energy data resulted in a spectrum similar to the traditional EI data.
50
Higgs, Jessica Marie. "Ion Trajectory Simulations and Design Optimization of Toroidal Ion Trap Mass Spectrometers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6652.
Анотація:
Ion traps can easily be miniaturized to become portable mass spectrometers. Trapped ions can be ejected by adjusting voltage settings of the radiofrequency (RF) signal applied to the electrodes. Several ion trap designs include the quadrupole ion trap (QIT), cylindrical ion trap (CIT), linear ion trap (LIT), rectilinear ion trap (RIT), toroidal ion trap, and cylindrical toroidal ion trap. Although toroidal ion traps are being used more widely in miniaturized mass spectrometers, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of how the toroidal electric field affects ion motion, and therefore, the ion trap's performance as a mass analyzer. Simulation programs can be used to discover how traps with toroidal geometry can be optimized. Potential mapping, field calculations, and simulations of ion motion were used to compare three types of toroidal ion traps: a symmetric and an asymmetric trap made using hyperbolic electrodes, and a simplified trap made using cylindrical electrodes. Toroidal harmonics, which represent solutions to the Laplace equation in a toroidal coordinate system, may be useful to understand toroidal ion traps. Ion trapping and ion motion simulations were performed in a time-varying electric potential representing the symmetric, second-order toroidal harmonic of the second kind—the solution most analogous to the conventional, Cartesian quadrupole. This potential distribution, which we call the toroidal quadrupole, demonstrated non-ideal features in the stability diagram of the toroidal quadrupole which were similar to that for conventional ion traps with higher-order field contributions. To eliminate or reduce these non-ideal features, other solutions to the Laplace equation can be added to the toroidal quadrupole, namely the toroidal dipole, toroidal hexapole, toroidal octopole, and toroidal decapole. The addition of a toroidal hexapole component to the toroidal quadrupole provides improvement in ion trapping, and is expected to play an important role in optimizing the performance of all types of toroidal ion trap mass spectrometers.The cylindrical toroidal ion trap has been miniaturized for a portable mass spectrometer. The first miniaturized version (r0 and z0 reduced by 1/3) used the same central electrode and alignment sleeve as the original design, but it had too high of capacitance for the desired RF frequency. The second miniaturized version (R, r0, and z0 reduced by 1/3) was designed with much less capacitance, but several issues including electrode alignment and sample pressure control caused the mass spectra to have poor resolution. The third miniaturized design used a different alignment method, and its efficiency still needs to be improved.