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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Martian regolith"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 13 квітня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Martian regolith"

Kim, M.-H. Y., S. A. Thibeault, J. W. Wilson, L. C. Simonsen, L. Heilbronn, K. Chang, R. L. Kiefer, J. A. Weakley, and H. G. Maahs. "Development and Testing of in situ Materials for Human Exploration of Mars." High Performance Polymers 12, no. 1 (March 2000): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/12/1/302.

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Interplanetary space radiation poses a serious health hazard in long-term manned space missions. Natural Martian surface materials are evaluated for their potential use as radiation shields for manned Mars missions. The modified radiation fluences behind various kinds of Martian rocks and regolith are determined by solving the Boltzmann equation using NASA Langley’s HZETRN code along with the 1977 Solar Minimum galactic cosmic ray environmental model. To make structural shielding composite materials from constituents of the Martian atmosphere and from Martian regolith for Martian surface habitats, schemes for synthesizing polyimide from the Martian atmosphere and for processing Martian regolith/polyimide composites are proposed. Theoretical predictions of the shielding properties of these composites are computed to assess their shielding effectiveness. Adding high-performance polymer binders to Martian regolith to enhance the structural properties also enhances the shielding properties of these composites because of the added hydrogenous constituents. Laboratory testing of regolith simulant/polyimide composites is planned in order to validate this prediction and also to measure various structural properties.

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Oze, Christopher, Joshua Beisel, Edward Dabsys, Jacqueline Dall, Gretchen North, Allan Scott, Alandra Marie Lopez, Randall Holmes, and Scott Fendorf. "Perchlorate and Agriculture on Mars." Soil Systems 5, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5030037.

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Perchlorate (ClO4−) is globally enriched in Martian regolith at levels commonly toxic to plants. Consequently, perchlorate in Martian regolith presents an obstacle to developing agriculture on Mars. Here, we assess the effect of perchlorate at different concentrations on plant growth and germination, as well as metal release in a simulated Gusev Crater regolith and generic potting soil. The presence of perchlorate was uniformly detrimental to plant growth regardless of growing medium. Plants in potting soil were able to germinate in 1 wt.% perchlorate; however, these plants showed restricted growth and decreased leaf area and biomass. Some plants were able to germinate in regolith simulant without perchlorate; however, they showed reduced growth. In Martian regolith simulant, the presence of perchlorate prevented germination across all plant treatments. Soil column flow-through experiments of perchlorate-containing Martian regolith simulant and potting soil were unable to completely remove perchlorate despite its high solubility. Additionally, perchlorate present in the simulant increased metal/phosphorous release, which may also affect plant growth and biochemistry. Our results support that perchlorate may modify metal availability to such an extent that, even with the successful removal of perchlorate, Martian regolith may continue to be toxic to plant life. Overall, our study demonstrates that the presence of perchlorate in Martian regolith provides a significant challenge in its use as an agricultural substrate and that further steps, such as restricted metal availability and nutrient enrichment, are necessary to make it a viable growing substrate.

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Kaksonen, Anna H., Xiao Deng, Christina Morris, Himel Nahreen Khaleque, Luis Zea, and Yosephine Gumulya. "Potential of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to Grow on and Bioleach Metals from Mars and Lunar Regolith Simulants under Simulated Microgravity Conditions." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 2416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122416.

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The biomining microbes which extract metals from ores that have been applied in mining processes worldwide hold potential for harnessing space resources. Their cell growth and ability to extract metals from extraterrestrial minerals under microgravity environments, however, remains largely unknown. The present study used the model biomining bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to extract metals from lunar and Martian regolith simulants cultivated in a rotating clinostat with matched controls grown under the influence of terrestrial gravity. Analyses included assessments of final cell count, size, morphology, and soluble metal concentrations. Under Earth gravity, with the addition of Fe3+ and H2/CO2, A. ferrooxidans grew in the presence of regolith simulants to a final cell density comparable to controls without regoliths. The simulated microgravity appeared to enable cells to grow to a higher cell density in the presence of lunar regolith simulants. Clinostat cultures of A. ferrooxidans solubilised higher amounts of Si, Mn and Mg from lunar and Martian regolith simulants than abiotic controls. Electron microscopy observations revealed that microgravity stimulated the biosynthesis of intracellular nanoparticles (most likely magnetite) in anaerobically grown A. ferrooxidans cells. These results suggested that A. ferrooxidans has the potential for metal bioleaching and the production of useful nanoparticles in space.

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Harris, Franklin, John Dobbs, David Atkins, James A. Ippolito, and Jane E. Stewart. "Soil fertility interactions with Sinorhizobium-legume symbiosis in a simulated Martian regolith; effects on nitrogen content and plant health." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 29, 2021): e0257053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257053.

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Due to increasing population growth and declining arable land on Earth, astroagriculture will be vital to terraform Martian regolith for settlement. Nodulating plants and their N-fixing symbionts may play a role in increasing Martian soil fertility. On Earth, clover (Melilotus officinalis) forms a symbiotic relationship with the N-fixing bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti; clover has been previously grown in simulated regolith yet without bacterial inoculation. In this study, we inoculated clover with S. meliloti grown in potting soil and regolith to test the hypothesis that plants grown in regolith can form the same symbiotic associations as in soils and to determine if greater plant biomass occurs in the presence of S. meliloti regardless of growth media. We also examined soil NH4 concentrations to evaluate soil augmentation properties of nodulating plants and symbionts. Greater biomass occurred in inoculated compared to uninoculated groups; the inoculated average biomass in potting mix and regolith (2.23 and 0.29 g, respectively) was greater than the uninoculated group (0.11 and 0.01 g, respectively). However, no significant differences existed in NH4 composition between potting mix and regolith simulant. Linear regression analysis results showed that: i) symbiotic plant-bacteria relationships differed between regolith and potting mix, with plant biomass positively correlated to regolith-bacteria interactions; and, ii) NH4 production was limited to plant uptake yet the relationships in regolith and potting mix were similar. It is promising that plant-legume symbiosis is a possibility for Martian soil colonization.

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Shumway, Andrew O., David C. Catling, and Jonathan D. Toner. "Regolith Inhibits Salt and Ice Crystallization in Mg(ClO₄)₂ Brine, Implying More Persistent and Potentially Habitable Brines on Mars." Planetary Science Journal 4, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ace891.

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Abstract On Mars, liquid water may form in regolith when perchlorate salts absorb water vapor and dissolve into brine, or when ice-salt mixtures reach their melting temperature and thaw. Brines created in this way can chemically react with minerals, alter the mechanical properties of regolith, mobilize salts in the soil, and potentially create habitable environments. Although Martian brines would exist in contact with regolith, few studies have investigated how regolith alters the formation and stability of brines at Mars-relevant conditions. To fill this gap, we studied magnesium perchlorate brine in a Martian regolith simulant at salt concentrations up to 5.8 wt.%. We measured the water mass fraction and water activity between 3 and 98% relative humidity at 25 °C using the isopiestic method, and monitored salt and ice crystallization between −150 °C and 20 °C with differential scanning calorimetry. Results show that regolith inhibits salt and ice crystallization, allowing water to form and persist at much colder and drier conditions than pure brine. Remarkably, in several samples, neither salt nor ice crystallized at any conditions. These results suggest that brines could exist in regolith for longer periods of the Martian year than previously thought, and could persist indefinitely under certain conditions. By retaining water, inhibiting salt and ice crystallization, and maintaining habitable water activity, briny regolith may be a more favorable environment for life than pure brine alone. These findings indicate the critical importance of brine–regolith interactions for understanding the properties, evolution, and potential habitability of Mars’s surface.

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Sakon, John J., and Robert L. Burnap. "An analysis of potential photosynthetic life on Mars." International Journal of Astrobiology 5, no. 2 (April 2006): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550406003144.

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This project researched the possibility of photosynthetic life on Mars. Cyanobacteria were used as potential analogs and were subjected to various Martian-simulated conditions. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was exposed to low pressure, ultraviolet radiation and Martian-simulated atmospheric composition, and proved resistant to the combination of these stresses. However, this organism could neither grow within Martian Regolith Simulant, owing to the lack of soluble nitrogen, nor could it grow in cold temperatures. As a result, later research focused on psychrotolerant cyanobacteria capable of utilizing atmospheric nitrogen. These Antarctic nitrogen-fixing strains were able to grow in Martian Regolith Simulant at temperatures as low as 4 °C. In addition, they proved resistant to salinity, ultraviolet radiation and freeze/thaw conditions. These results suggest that Antarctic nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are good analogs for potential Martian life and should be considered in future exploratory missions for life on the red planet.

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Simonsen, L. C., J. E. Nealy, L. W. Townsend, and J. W. Wilson. "Martian regolith as space radiation shielding." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 28, no. 1 (January 1991): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.26201.

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Seiferlin, Karsten, Pascale Ehrenfreund, James Garry, Kurt Gunderson, E. Hütter, Günter Kargl, Alessandro Maturilli, and Jonathan Peter Merrison. "Simulating Martian regolith in the laboratory." Planetary and Space Science 56, no. 15 (December 2008): 2009–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2008.09.017.

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Jackiewicz, E., M. Lukasiak, M. Kopcewicz, K. Szpila, and N. Bakun-Czubarow. "Mössbauer study of Martian regolith analogues." Hyperfine Interactions 70, no. 1-4 (April 1992): 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02397495.

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Rahim, Abdur, Umair Majeed, Muhammad Irfan Zubair, and Muhammad Shahzad. "WNMS: A New Basaltic Simulant of Mars Regolith." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (September 6, 2023): 13372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813372.

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The use of planetary regolith can be explored via the utilization of simulants. The existing Martian simulants have differences due to varying source materials and design parameters. Additional simulants are needed because the few available simulants do not replicate the compositional diversity of Martian regolith. This study discusses the development of a low-cost construction simulant of Mars. The area of Winder Nai in Pakistan was selected for field sampling of basalt because of local availability and easy access. The dust was produced from rock samples through mechanical crushing and grinding. The physical properties, composition, mineralogy, and surface morphology were evaluated via geotechnical tests, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. The designed simulant has a well-graded particle size distribution with a particle density and bulk density of 2.58 g/cm3 and 1.16 g/cm3, respectively. The elemental composition of Winder Nai Mars Simulant (WNMS) is within ±5 wt% of the Rocknest and the average Martian regolith composition except for SO3. For SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3, WNMS has a good match with the Martian regolith. The content of CaO and TiO2 in WNMS is higher than, and content of MgO is lower than, the average Martian values. The rock can be classified as basalt based on the Total Alkali Silica (TAS) diagram. XRD spectrum indicates the occurrence of plagioclase and pyroxene as the main signature minerals of basalt. The particle morphology of WNMS is angular to subangular, and the simulant indicates the presence of 3.8 wt% highly paramagnetic particles. The volatile loss is 0.25 wt% at 100 °C, 1.73 wt% at 500 °C, and 3.05 wt% at 950 °C. The composition of WNMS, basaltic mineralogy, morphology, magnetic properties, and volatile content are comparable with MMS-2 and a few other simulants.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Martian regolith"

Sargent, Sara. "Radiation Shielding Bricks for Mars Using Martian Regolith Simulant and Hydrogen-Rich Polymers." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153774.

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Radiation shielding materials are an essential component of long-term space travel and habitation. The mission to Mars will require a radiation shielding material that can be produced on Mars through energy and cost-efficient means. in this study, Martian regolith simulant and hydrogen-rich polymers are used to create a radiation shielding material in the form of bricks. The bricks are capable of shielding against galactic cosmic radiation on Mars. There are three methods in which the bricks were formed: 1) a heated press, 2) a microwave oven in a CO2 atmosphere, and 3) a vacuum oven with a low CO2 pressure. Each brick varies by the type of polymer, percent of polymer, and the method in which it was made. Flexural tests were conducted on the bricks to determine the flexural strength, flexural strain, and modulus of elasticity. OLTARIS was used to estimate the effectiveness of these bricks to shield against GCR on the Martian surface.

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Weinmann, Julian. "Influence of the Martian regolith on the atmospheric methane and water vapour cycle." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75897.

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Context. The Martian methane and water cycle are subject of ongoing research through simulation. Exchange with the subsurface has a potentially strong impact, but is often neglected. Aims. For methane, I determine if adsorption with an increased enthalpy can explain the observed seasonal variations and conflicting observations by the Trace Gas Orbiter and the Curiosity rover. For water, the impact of adsorption and ice formation in the subsurface on the global cycle is studied. A new way of initializing the soil, by running a decoupled subsurface model, is tested. Depths of stable subsurface ice and subsurface water distributions are studied. Methods. A General Circulation Model (GCM) is used with a purely diffusive subsurface model. For methane, different initial states, source scenarios, and decay times are tested. For water, a model without an active atmosphere is implemented to provide an initial state. The effect of the subsurface with this initial state on the full atmospheric water cycle is tested. Results. For methane, a strong influence on the global methane cycle is observed. Seasonal variations measured at Gale Crater are reproduced, but the conflicting observations cannot be explained by adsorption. For water, the new initialization can be used without completely disrupting the water cycle. It leads to a generally wetter atmosphere, in conflict with observations. Found ice table depths do not match well with observations, but ice profiles reproduce previous findings. Conclusion. Methane adsorption is able to partly explain observed variations, but cannot be the only process to influence methane abundances. The new initialization method for water works well in principle, but a more refined model is needed for more realistic results.

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Castillo, betancourt Juan Pablo. "Thermo-mechanical properties of a regolith simulant of the mars insight mission site." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2023. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2023/TH2023ENPC0035.pdf.

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La mission Mars InSight de la NASA est une mission Discovery visant à étudier l'intérieur de la planète rouge, et par conséquent à aider à la compréhension de son processus de formation et de celui des autres planètes telluriques. L'un des nombreux fronts d'étude auxquels est confrontée l'équipe scientifique de la mission InSight est l'étude des propriétés du matériau situé en contact direct avec l'atterrisseur et ses instruments, dont certains ont été déployés à la surface de la planète via l'utilisation d'un bras robotique. Cet effort est le but du groupe de travail Near Surface Working Group (NSWG), et les travaux et résultats présentés dans ce document est de fournir des informations pour aider cet objectif de recherche. L'atterrisseur utilise trois instruments principaux pour atteindre ses objectifs scientifiques : le premier est le Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS), un sismomètre de haute précision résultant de plusieurs décennies d'efforts menés par des institutions françaises, dont le Centre National des Études Spatiales CNES et l’Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris IPGP ; cet instrument est le plus pertinent pour ce travail. Le deuxième est le Heat and Physical Properties Package (HP3), une sonde thermique conçue pour forer l’intérieur de la surface martienne jusqu’à des profondeurs allant jusqu’à 5 m. La dernière est l'antenne Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment ou RISE, qui étudie la structure intérieure de la planète à l'aide du mouvement de rotation de Mars, en suivant la position de l'atterrisseur et le déplacement du pôle Nord de la planète pour proposer des modèles de son moment d’inertie. Ce travail consiste en plusieurs activités de recherche dans le domaine de la mécanique des sols, réalisées dans le but de caractériser le matériau situé à la surface de l'atterrisseur Mars InSight de la NASA, installé sur Elysium Planitia depuis novembre 2018. Il s'agit principalement d'essais expérimentaux dans un analogue de régolithe martien et quelques activités complémentaires. Les questions clés abordées étaient l'interaction du SEIS avec le régolithe martien de surface en contact direct avec ses trois pieds, la faible rigidité en déformation de ce matériau (comportement en gamme élastique), ainsi que certaines questions spécifiques telles que la conductivité thermique et l’effet des fluctuations de la pression atmosphérique. Les travaux expérimentaux menés représentent notamment une connaissance précieuse dans le monde peu exploré de la mécanique des sols sous de très faibles contraintes et déformations (le plus souvent inférieures à 50 kPa). La préparation des échantillons est une autre question explorée, puisque les densités les plus faibles possibles de l’analogue du régolithe sont utilisées en cherchant à se rapprocher le plus possible des conditions du matériau sur Mars. Le travail de thèse a été développé dans le cadre d'une cotutelle entre l'Université des Andes et l'École des Ponts ParisTech. Les travaux expérimentaux ont été menés dans les installations des deux institutions de recherche et ont été rendus possibles grâce à l'expertise du groupe de recherche et de l'équipe technique affiliée à chaque université et ses laboratoires. Ce document contient une synthèse des points clés de chacun de ces travaux. Certaines collaborations avec la doctorante Maria Juliana Chaparro ont également permis d'évaluer les propriétés dynamiques du matériau analogue du régolithe choisi
The NASA Mars InSight mission is a Discovery mission aiming at to investigating the interior of the red planet to support the understanding of its formation process and that of other rocky planets. One of the many study fronts faced by the InSight Mission Science Team is the study of the properties of the material in direct contact with the lander and its instruments, some of which were deployed on the surface of the planet by using a robotic arm. This endeavour is the key objective of the Near Surface Working Group (NSWG), and the main goal of the different works and results presented in this document is related to this research goal. The lander uses three main instruments: the first one is the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS), a highly accurate seismometer resulting from decades of work by French institutions including Centre National des Études Spatiales CNES and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris IPGP; this instrument is the most relevant for this work. The second one is the Heat and Physical Properties Package (HP3), a thermal probe designed to drill inside the Martian surface to depths of up to 5m. The last one is the Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment or RISE antenna, which studies the interior structure of the planet aided by the rotation movement of Mars, tracking the position of the lander and the shifting of the planets north pole to propose models of its moment of inertia.This work is aimed at characterising the surface regolith properties at the site of the Mars InSight lander, landed on Elysium Planitia since November 2018. This comprises experimental investigations on a Martian Regolith Simulant together with some complementary activities. The key questions addressed were the interaction of the SEIS with the Martian regolith in direct contact with its three feet, its very small strain stiffness (in the elastic range), as well as the thermal conductivity and the mechanical effect of atmospheric pressure fluctuations. The experimental work conducted concerns the poorly explored field of soil mechanics under very low stresses and strains (down to 1.75 kPa). Sample preparation is another question explored, since the loosest possible densities of the regolith analogue are utilised to mimic the Martian regolith.The thesis was developed within a joint supervision between the Universidad de los Andes (Bogota, Colombia) and the École des Ponts ParisTech (France). Experimental work was conducted at the facilities of both institutions. A collaborations with PhD student Maria Juliana Chaparro (Los Andes) also helped assess the dynamic properties of the regolith simulant

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Reiß, Philipp Martin [Verfasser], Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Walter, Ulrich [Gutachter] Walter, and Harald [Gutachter] Klein. "In-Situ Thermal Extraction of Volatiles from Lunar Regolith / Philipp Martin Reiß ; Gutachter: Ulrich Walter, Harald Klein ; Betreuer: Ulrich Walter." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163728683/34.

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Loiselle, Liane. "Stable isotope systematics of the martian regolith." Phd thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224494.

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The geologic history of a planetary body is recorded within its rock record. As such, meteorites provide an opportunity to answer questions about the geologic history of other planetary bodies. NWA 7034 and its paired stones represents a new class of martian meteorites that are the first examples of the martian surface available for analysis in terrestrial laboratories. Regolith breccia samples are composed of rock fragments from a diverse array of lithologic sources. As such, they consist of several lithologies that are not represented by other martian meteorites, providing an opportunity to further expand our understanding of Mars. The stable isotopic systematics of these martian regolith breccia (MRB) samples represents an opportunity to expand our understanding of geological processes and geochemical cycling on Mars, particularly those invoked of incorporating crustal or surficial deposits. A powerful tool when studying the isotope systematics of complex geological materials are SIMS techniques, as they offer unparalleled capability for the in situ isotopic analysis of samples at the microscale. The aims of this thesis were twofold: first to develop a high-resolution SIMS technique to be able to analyse the 16O, 17O, 18O isotopic compositions of achondrite materials, more specifically martian meteorites, and secondly, to assess the stable isotope (O and S) systematics of MRB samples with high-resolution, high-precision in situ microscale techniques (i.e., /\17O, /\33S and /\36S of MRB lithologies). First, I develop an analytical protocol whereby SIMS three O isotope measurements can be used to robustly distinguish achondrite (parent body) population values, including main-group pallasites (ca.-0.2permil) and martian meteorites (ca.+0.3permil), from the TFL (zero) to levels of analytical precision better than 0.10 permil. Then, it is applied to (1)samples of the SNC clan, (2)lithologies within ALH84001 and (3) MRB lithologies. The results of these analyses show (1)all SIMS isotopic analysis of SNC silicates lie within error of the MFL, and replicate whole-rock bulk analyses of the MFL; (2)The ALH84001 lithologies show more diversity than the SNCs, and evidence that the apparent variations within Fe-rich carbonates and silicate host rock within the specimen can be resolved during isotopic analysis with the in situ SIMS technique (3)MRB samples show non-uniform /\17O, with the lithologies assessed exhibiting a variation of more than 2permil. Also, several distinct /\17O compositions are seen in the rocks, with some feldspars (those with cryptoperthite textures), the matrix, and gabbroic clasts being significantly enriched, while pyroxene, oxide, and phosphate lithologies lie on the MFL. This may suggest interactions with distinct O sources, and maybe different geological processing. Lastly, I measure the 33S-MIF and 36S-MIF compositions of MRB sulphide minerals using SIMS isotopic analysis to address questions about the S source of these minerals to assess the distribution of S-MIF signatures in martian samples and inform our understanding of S cycling on Mars. Results suggest that MRB sulpides contain a heterogenous distribution of S-MIF signatures. The isotopic analysis of MRB sulphide grains do not show a uniform 33S composition, with heterogeneities spanning a 0.73permil range and show positive, near-0 and negative /\33S values within the same grain. However, the mostly +sign of 33-SMIF signatures suggests that at some point in its history the early martian atmospheric environment was favourable for MIF photochemical processing. This study shows that MRBs are isotopically heterogenous with variable O-MIF and S-MIF signatures that may record evidence of secondary planetary geological processes not documented in other martian rocks. Understanding these signatures has implications for atmosphere-regolith-crustal exchange interactions and increasing our understanding of the geologic history and evolution of Mars.

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Christian, Jose L. 1963. "Use of raw Martian and Lunar soils for surface-based reactor shielding." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26496.

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For several decades, the idea of flying and landing a less-than-man-rated nuclear reactor for planetary surface applications has been considered. This approach promises significant mass savings and therefore reduction in launch cost. To compensate for the lack of shielding, it has been suggested the use of in-situ materials for providing radiation protection. This would take the form of either raw dirt walls or processed soil materials into blocks or tile elements. As a first step in determining the suitability of this approach, it is necessary to understand the neutron activation characteristics of these soils. A simple assessment of these activation characteristics was conducted for both Martian and Lunar soils using ORIGEN2.2. An average composition for these soils was assumed. As a baseline material, commonly used NBS-03 concrete was compared against the soils. Preliminary results indicate that over 2.5 times more gamma-radiation production of these soils vs. concrete took place during the irradiation phase (a baseline of 2.4 x 1011 neutrons/sec-cm2 was assumed). This was due primarily to radiative capture on Na23 and Mn55 and subsequent decay of their activation products. This is does not necessarily disqualify these materials as potential shielding material since the -radiation output was only in the order of 4.2 x 108 photons/cm3-sec. Furthermore, these soils did not show any significant activity after shutdown of the neutron source (the reactor), since all activation products had very short half lives. Their performance in this area was comparable to that of NBS-03 concrete.
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Книги з теми "Martian regolith"

Y, Kim Myung-Hee, and Langley Research Center, eds. Comparison of Martian meteorites and Martian regolith as shield materials for galactic cosmic rays. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

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Y, Kim Myung-Hee, and Langley Research Center, eds. Comparison of Martian meteorites and Martian regolith as shield materials for galactic cosmic rays: [microform]. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

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Slosberg, Daniel, and Heather. Martian Farmer: Mining Water from the Martian Regolith. Independently Published, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "Martian regolith"

Kuzmin, Ruslan O. "7 Ground Ice in the Martian Regolith." In Water on Mars and Life, 155–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31538-4_7.

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Braddock, Martin. "Potential for Lunar and Martian Regolith to Support Agriculture." In Handbook of Life Support Systems for Spacecraft and Extraterrestrial Habitats, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09575-2_219-1.

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Chen, Qiushi, Zhengshou Lai, Stephen Moysey, and Mengfen Shen. "Image-Based Shape Characterization and Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Modeling of a Granular Martian Regolith Simulant." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Fundamentals of Soil Behaviours, 811–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0125-4_90.

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Gross, Frank. "Martian Regolith Simulant Particle Charging Experiments at Low Pressures in the Presence of Corona Fields." In Electrostatics 2003, 267–72. Taylor & Francis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420034387.ch42.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Martian regolith"

Duke, Michael B., Chris W. Knudsen, and Michael A. Gibson. "Mining the Martian Regolith for Water." In Seventh International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, Operations, and Business in Space. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40479(204)82.

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Dabsys, Edward, Joshua Beisel, Gretchen North, Allan N. Scott, and Christopher Oze. "BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF PERCHLORATE IN MARTIAN REGOLITH." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322966.

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Dhakal, Milap, Allan Scott, Vineet Shah, Christopher Oze, Rajesh Dhakal, Don Clucas, Matthew W. Hughes, and Robert P. Mueller. "Magnesia-Metakaolin Regolith Mortar for Martian Construction." In 17th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483374.075.

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Carnes, Caleb J., Reza S. Ashtiani, Joel A. Sloan, Melissa S. Beauregard, and Kimberly D. De la Harpe. "Geometrical Characteristics of Lunar and Martian Regolith Simulants." In 18th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484470.003.

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Cao, Fengke, Roberta Flemming, Matthew Izawa, and Carl Agee. "Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry of Martian Regolith Breccias: Insights into The Martian Crust." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7371.

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Duke, M., Tim Muff, and R. King. "Analysis of a small robot for Martian regolith excavation." In AIAA Space 2001 Conference and Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-4616.

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Gleaton, J., R. Xiao, Z. Lai, N. McDaniel, C. A. Johnstone, B. Burden, Q. Chen, and Y. Zheng. "Biocementation of Martian Regolith Simulant with In Situ Resources." In 16th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481899.056.

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Baranoski, Gladimir V. G., Mark Iwanchyshyn, Bradley Kimmel, Petri Varsa, and Spencer Van Leeuwen. "Exploring the Transmission of VNIR Light Through Martian Regolith." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554798.

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Edwards, Michael, Mandar M. Dewoolkar, and Dryver Huston. "Characterization of Fillite as a Potential Martian Regolith Simulant." In Earth and Space 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479179.011.

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Mathews, Theodore, Joseph Filbert, Mohammad Tayeb Ghasr, and Reza Zoughi. "Wideband Microwave Dielectric Properties of Martian and Lunar Regolith Simulants." In 2022 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc48687.2022.9806570.

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