Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Marsh horsetail"

The purpose of research is to study the role of the marsh horsetail, or river horsetail, Equisetum fluvia-tile L. in the Achira outbreak Gaffa disease. The study was carried out in the period from 2021 to 2022 at the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Northern Trans-Urals. Hydrobotani-cal sampling was carried out in water bodies, in the coastal zone, including in places where horsetail grows and on rafting vegetation. Samples were taken at 12 stations (6 stations each on lakes Ish-menevskoye and Andreevskoye), the location of sampling points for aquatic and coastal aquatic vegeta-tion was the same. To take into account the biomass and number of horsetail shoots, 10 rectangular plots of 2 × 5 m were laid out, the area of one was 10 m2. At each site, a sample of horsetail shoots was taken from the survey area, the number of shoots, their height and the wet weight of the cutting were deter-mined. On Lake Andreevskoye, Tobolsk District, the average specific number of horsetail shoots was 20 individuals/m2 with a specific biomass (wet weight) of 74.75 g/m2. On Lake Ishmenevskoye, Tobolsk District, the average specific number of horsetail shoots was 23 individuals/m2 with a specific biomass (wet weight) of 160.75 g/m2. When white mice were fed fish containing horsetail detritus, clinical signs similar to those of the Gaffa disease were noted: fearfulness, decreased motor activity, purulent one- or two-sided conjunctivitis, the “triangle” position and the “frog” position. The mortality rate in mice during the biological test was 60 %. In addition to clinical signs similar to the Gaffa disease, icterus of the skin of the ears, distal limbs, tail and the release of bright yellow urine were noted, which is not typical for the Gaffa disease. Considering the low biomass of horsetail in the disadvantaged lakes Andreevskoye and Ishmenevskoye and the presence of icterus in experimental animals, it can be argued that horsetail is not the main reason provoking the formation of toxin in the body of fish.

Marsh horsetail (Equisetum palustre L.) is one of the most poisonous plants of wet grasslands in the northern hemisphere, which poses a major health threat to livestock. Available data on the levels of its main alkaloids are currently contradictory due to the inadequate analytical methods and the wide variation in toxicity levels reported. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the ontogenetic stage of plant development may explain a significant part of the variations in the main Equisetum-type alkaloids. Two populations of marsh horsetail were sampled over two growing seasons. The plant material was classified according to their developmental stages and subsequently the main alkaloids were determined by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis. ANOVA revealed significant effects of the ontogenetic stage but not the site on the main Equisetum-type alkaloids (sum of palustrine and palustridiene) ranging from 213 to 994 mg/kg dry matter (DM). The highest alkaloid content was found in the stages of early development. Not the season itself, but the growth temperature co-influenced the alkaloid content. Our results help to resolve the seemingly contradictory information provided by previous studies on the toxicity of E. palustre and are of practical relevance for the prevention of contamination risks in wet grassland use.

The botanical composition of grasslands determines the agronomic and natural values of swards. Good grassland management usually improves herbage value, but on the other hand it frequently decreases the plant diversity and species richness in the swards. In 1999 a field trial in a split-plot design with four replicates was therefore established on the Arrhenatherion type of vegetation in Ljubljana marsh meadows in order to investigate this relationship. Cutting regimes (2 cuts — with normal and delayed first cut, 3 cuts and 4 cuts per year) were allocated to the main plots and fertiliser treatments (zero fertiliser — control, PK and NPK with 2 or 3 N rates) were allocated to the sub-plots. The results at the 1 st cutting in the 5 th trial year were as follows: Fertilising either with PK or NPK had no significant negative effect on plant diversity in any of the cutting regimes. In most treatments the plant number even increased slightly compared to the control. On average, 20 species were listed on both unfertilised and fertilised swards. At this low to moderate level of exploitation intensity, the increased number of cuts had no significant negative effect on plant diversity either (19 species at 2 cuts vs. 20 species at 3 or 4 cuts). PK fertilisation increased the proportion of legumes in the herbage in the case of 2 or 3 cuts. The proportion of grasses in the herbage increased in all the fertilisation treatments with an increased numbers of cuts. Fertiliser treatment considerably reduced the proportion of marsh horsetail ( Equisetum palustre ) in the herbage of the meadows. This effect was even more pronounced at higher cut numbers. The proportion of Equisetum palustre in the herbage was the highest in the unfertilised sward with 2 cuts (26.4 %) and the lowest in the NPK-fertilised sward with 4 cuts (1.4%).

The changes of phytosanitary situation recently taking place in sugar beet crops in the Republic of Belarus are shown. It is noticed that in the crop agrocoenosises there is a high infestation level caused by Japanese barnyard millet (Echinochloa crus-galli (L) Pal. Beauv), field sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L), chickweed (Stellaria media (L) Vill), quick grass (Agropyron repens (L) Pal Beauv), matricary (Matricaria perforate Merat), creeping thistle (Circium arvense (L) scop), marsh woundwort (Stachus palustris L) wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L), bristle stem hemp nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L), common horsetail (Equisetum arvense L), field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis (L) Hill), shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L) Med) etc. Due to non-observance of preventive and separate agrotechnical techniques especially in spring-summer period, such weeds as bedstraw (Galium aparine L), white campion (Melandrium album (Mill) Garcke), green amaranthus (Amaranthus retroflexus L) started to appear in the crops. To protect sugar beet effectively, two variants of herbicides application are proposed. The first one - a combined, one stipulating soil action herbicides application before planting or before sugar beet seedlings emergence and on seedlings - to carry out two treatment by post-emergence preparations. The second variant, a split post- -emergence herbicide application (two-three times spraying) on growing weeds at small application rates. In the next 5-6 years, a combined method will be of a primary importance in the conditions of the Republic.

To assess the potential of the raw material base of medicinal plants and search for new plant sources of biologically active substances, it is necessary to monitor and record the biological diversity of plants, their number and abundance in natural plant communities. Plants are counted by the transect method. In the course of field research in 2022, the biodiversity, abundance, and abundance of medicinal plants in three regions of Central Russia were assessed. In the Lipetsk Region (the lower reaches of the Chichera River, the valley of the Sukhaya Lubna River), the most notable species of the Ranunculaceae families were identified: Adonis vernalis L. (spring adonis); Rosaceae: Agrimonia eupatoria L. (common agrimony); Filipendula vulgaris Moench (six-petalled meadowsweet). In the Samara region (floodplain of the Sok River) - Rosaceae: Sanguisorba officinalis L. (burnet officinalis); Filipendula vulgaris Moench; Ranunculaceae: Adonis vernalis L. In the Moscow, Ryazan region (Meshchera) species of families - Rosaceae: Potentilla argentea L. (silver cinquefoil) (Rosaceae), Fragaria vesca L. (wild strawberry), Potentilla erecta L. (upright cinquefoil), Comarum palustre L. (marsh cinquefoil); Onagraceae: Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. (fireweed narrow-leaved); Asteraceae: Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench.; Caprifoliaceae: Valeriana officinalis L. (valerian officinalis); Hypericaceae: Hypericum maculatum L. (St. John’s wort); Equisetaceae: Equisetum arvense L. (horsetail); Lamiaceae: Stachys palustris L. (marsh weed); Primulaceae: Lysimachia vulgaris L. (common loosestrife). A total of 65 species of medicinal plants have been identified. Species with a noticeable abundance are characterized as a source of a certain group of chemical compounds. To assess the potential of the raw material base of medicinal plants and to search for new plant sources of biologically active substances, it is necessary to monitor and account for the biological diversity of plants, their size and abundance in natural plant communities. Accounting of plants is carried out by the transect method. In the course of field research 2022 year, the biodiversity, size and abundance of medicinal plants in three regions of Central Russia were evaluated. In the Lipetsk region (the lower reaches of the Chicher River, the valley of the Sukhaya Lubna River), the most notable species were identified - Ranunculaceae: Adonis vernalis L.; Rosaceae: Agrimonia eupatoria L.; Filipendula vulgaris Moench. In the Samara region (floodplain of the Sok river) - Rosaceae: Sanguisorba officinalis L.; Filipendula vulgaris Moench; Ranunculaceae: Adonis vernalis L. In the Moscow, Ryazan regions (Meschera) - Rosaceae: Potentilla argentea L., Fragaria vesca L., Potentilla erecta L., Comarum palustre L.; Onagraceae: Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.; Asteraceae: Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench.; Caprifoliaceae: Valeriana officinalis L.; Hypericaceae: Hypericum maculatum L.; Equisetaceae: Equisetum arvense L.; Lamiaceae: Stachys palustris L.; Primulaceae: Lysimachia vulgaris L. A total of 65 species of medicinal plants have been identified. Species with a noticeable number are characterized as a source of a certain group of chemical compounds.

The growth and development of field horsetail (Equisetum arvenseL. # EQUAR) was measured outdoors using potted plants grown from one-node rhizome fragments. Shoot growth rate increased slowly after planting in March, accelerating to a maximum during July with maximas for shoot height during August and shoot number in September. Rhizome system growth rates initially followed a similar pattern to that of the shoots achieving a maximum during July. Dry matter accumulated in the rhizomes until October and declined thereafter throughout the winter. Tubers initiated during August grew in size and number until November, well beyond the period of active shoot growth and onset of senescence. The characteristics of the growth and development of field horsetail are discussed in relation to achieving weed control via cultural and herbicide treatments.

Изложены результаты исследования двух мерзлотно-бугристых болотных комплексов, расположенных в долине р. Черная, правобережного притока р. Енисей (окрестности г. Игарка). В их числе крупно- и плоскобугристый торфяники разного возраста, генезиса и стадий развития. Охарактеризован современный растительный покров комплексов, дано детальное морфоструктурное описание торфяных профилей, выполнен ботанический анализ и определены степени разложения, зольности и влажности торфа. Мощность залежи крупнобугристого торфяника 4.0 м, примерный возраст - 8 тыс. лет назад. В процессе своего формирования он претерпел шесть стадий смен, из которых первой была лесная. Торфяная залежь отнесена к лесотопяному и топяному подтипам. Основными торфообразователями снизу вверх по профилю последовательно были евтрофные гипновые мхи ( Hypnales W. R. Buck et Vitt), осоки ( Carex L.), хвощи ( Equisetum L.) и олиготрофные сфагновые мхи ( Sphagnopsida Ochyra). Плоскобугристый торфяник мощностью 1.3 м и возрастом около 3 тыс. лет в своем развитии прошел две стадии смен растительности, из которых первая - лесная. По всей его глубине зафиксированы льдистые прослойки. Смены растительного покрова бугристых торфяников происходили как в результате прямого воздействия изменения регионального климата в голоцене, так и косвенного - по причине появления постоянной многолетней мерзлоты в торфяниках, пучения бугров и последующего их протаивания. Появление пятен обнаженного торфа и формирование мощного лишайникового покрова на дневной поверхности крупнобугристого торфяника свидетельствуют о существенном замедлении процесса торфообразования. Плоскобугристые торфяники района исследований находятся в состоянии частичной деградации и активизации процесса торфонакопления. The results of the study of two permafrost-hilly swamp complexes located in the valley of the Chernaya River, the right-bank tributary of the Yenisei River (near the city of Igarka), are presented. Among them are coarse-tuberous and flat-tuberous peatlands of different ages, genesis and stages of development. The modern vegetation cover of the complexes is characterized, a detailed morphostructural description of peat profiles is given, a botanical analysis is performed and the values of the degree of decomposition, ash content and moisture content of peat are determined. The thickness of the coarse-tuberous peat bog deposit is 4.0 m, the approximate age is 8 thousand years ago. In the process of its formation, it underwent six stages of change, of which the first was forest. The peat deposit is classified as forest-swamp and marsh subtypes. The main peat-forming agents from bottom to top of the profile were successively eutrophic hypnosis mosses, mosses ( Hypnales W. R. Buck et Vitt), sedges ( Carex L.), horsetails ( Equisetum L.) and, finally, oligotrophic sphagnum mosses ( Sphagnopsida Ochyra). The flat-tuberous peat bog with a capacity of 1.3 m and an age of about 3 thousand years in its development has gone through two stages of vegetation changes, of which the first is forest. Peat deposit of forest-marsh and marsh subtypes. Throughout its depth, ice layers are recorded. In the lower part of the peat profile, the main peat-forming agents were eutrophic hypnomic mosses, and in the upper part - oligotrophic sphagnum mosses. Changes in the vegetation cover of hilly peatlands occurred both as a result of changes in the regional climate in the Holocene, and due to the appearance of permanent permafrost in peatlands, heaving of mounds and their subsequent thawing. The appearance of spots of exposed peat on the day surface of peatlands and the formation of a powerful lichen cover in their place indicate the cessation of the peat formation process.

The article describes the value of the feed of winter pastures in the extreme north of Yakutia. Winter pastures of the Momsky district are located in marsh places and are used as horse food. Equis?tum fluviatile grows on pastures. Equis?tum Fluviatile is winter-green plants. Equis?tum Froviatile is of the greatest value for the horses of the Momsky district. The research was carry out in the Chiskhan peasant farm of the Momsky district, in the Ulakhan-Chistay village and at the Mercury peasant farm in the Myandigi village of the Amginsky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) at the end of November. 2020. Samples of winter feed take from pastures near the floodplain of the Moma River, which consisted mainly of marsh horsetail. In the Amga district, a cereal plant - creeping wheatgrass is the standard fodder for Yakutian horses; We are study the biochemical features of Equis?tum Froviatile in the conditions of the Arctic, which complement and expand ideas about the signs of the accumulation of nutrients in winter feed, depending on the cultivation zone. Winter pastures consisted mainly of Equis?tum fluviatile. In the Momsky district, the indicators are higher in cheese protein - 3.05%, for raw fat by 1.65%, for raw materials of fiber by 13.44% than in the Amginsky district. In the Momsky district, the indicators are higher in macro microelements by 1.5-2 times. It is assumed that plants of the Far North accumulate a significant amount of minerals due to their adaptive properties to growing conditions and have a high ability to absorb mineral compounds from the soil.