Книги: "Market engagement"

1

Husain, Zakir. Active Ageing and Labour Market Engagement. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0583-6.

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2

Igrok, L. A. Rules of engagement: Beating the odds in FOREX trading. Los Angeles: Igrok Trading International, 2003.

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3

Paul, Convery, and Great Britain. Department for Work and Pensions., eds. Employer engagement and the London labour market: A report of research carried out on behalf of the Department for Work and Pensions. Leeds: Corporate Document Services for the Department for Work and Pensions, 2003.

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4

Harris, Beider, ed. Neighbourhood renewal & housing markets: Community engagement in the US & UK. Boston: Blackwell Pub., 2007.

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5

Baldi, Massimo, and Fabrizio Desideri, eds. Paul Celan. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-792-8.

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Poetry as a "philosophical frontier" is the concept focused in this book on the poetry of Paul Celan. It is not precipitate to consider that the peculiarity of Celan's poetry and its reception lies in the persistent and ongoing interest displayed by philosophical criticism. Adopting an inclusive formula that goes beyond the mere notion of a "philosophical space", Massimo Baldi and Fabrizio Desideri aim to bring together readings and interpretative theories that are significantly diverse, albeit marked by the common intention of focusing the radical singularity of Celan's writing. All the essays presented here effectively reveal an attention to that engagement inherent in the letter of the poetic dictate, in the pungency of its inscription, which we must respect and listen to if we wish to understand Celan.

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6

Clennon, Ornette D. Urban Dialectics, the Market and Youth Engagement. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.

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7

Ingold, Jo, and Patrick McGurk. Employer Engagement: Making Active Labour Market Policies Work. Bristol University Press, 2023.

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8

Husain, Zakir. Active Ageing and Labour Market Engagement: Evidence from Eastern India. Springer, 2020.

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9

Husain, Zakir. Active Ageing and Labour Market Engagement: Evidence from Eastern India. Springer, 2019.

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10

Bramley, Corinna, and Morrison Keith. Student Engagement, Higher Education, and Social Justice: Beyond Neoliberalism and the Market. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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11

An Engagement in Seattle: Groom Wanted\Bride Wanted. Mira, 2011.

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12

Adamou, Betty. Games and Gamification in Market Research: Increasing Consumer Engagement in Research for Business Success. Kogan Page, Limited, 2018.

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13

Adamou, Betty. Games and Gamification in Market Research: Increasing Consumer Engagement in Research for Business Success. Kogan Page, 2018.

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14

Clennon, Ornette D. Urban Dialectics, the Market and Youth Engagement: The 'Black' Face of Eurocentrism? Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2018.

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15

Rhine, Anthony S., and John Jay Pension. How to Market the Arts. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197556078.001.0001.

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Abstract In the 1940s, Neil Borden developed the term “marketing mix” to refer to the entire work of a business executive. The notion suggests that the function of business is marketing, and in 1960 Jerome McCarthy defined the functions of the marketing mix as the four Ps: Product, price, place, and promotion. In the arts, the Ps dont work. This text proposes a new paradigm—the four Es—that better explain what is, and what should be, happening in nonprofit arts marketing. Though art presented might be defined as a product, product misses the fact that the art occurs within audiences leading to an arts experience. Typical pricing strategies tend to be largely ineffective in the arts, which are typically inelastic. Ease of access is a concept that better addresses how arts organizations can reduce possible obstacles their potential audience may face. Place refers to the systems that move a product from a creator to a consumer, which are handled by channel managers. The arts, however, can rarely be moved through distribution channels. Instead, the piece that arts executives must consider in balancing their marketing mix is the environment in which the art is being provided. Even the concept of promotion is typically a stretch for arts organizations with limited resources and constantly evolving experiences. However, when the function of the arts promoter is considered to be education about the arts experience for the marketplace, the approach leads to enhanced value and engagement for the community.

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16

Miller, David, Claire Harkins, Matthias Schlögl, and Brendan Montague. Impact of Market Forces on Addictive Substances and Behaviours. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753261.001.0001.

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This book examines the ‘web of influence’ formed by industries which manufacture and sell ‘addictive’ products in the EU. The differences between alcohol, food, gambling, and tobacco as consumer products are obvious. However, we explore whether food, alcohol, and gambling industries are merely replicating tobacco tactics or innovating in corporate strategy. Using a new data set on corporate networks formed by the tobacco, alcohol, food, and gambling industries at the EU level, the book shows the interlocking connections between corporations, trade associations, and policy intermediaries, including lobbyists and think tanks. Quantitative data guide qualitative studies on the content of corporate strategy and the attempts of corporations to ‘capture’ policy and three crucial ancillary domains—science, civil society, and the news and promotional media. The effects of these three arenas on policy networks and outcomes are examined with a focus on new forms of policy partnership such as corporate social responsibility and partnership governance. Drawing on our structural data, we show the comprehensive engagement of industry with science-policy issues in the EU, the ways that corporations can dominate agendas and decision making, as well as the potential for popular pressures and public health agendas to be effective. The book concludes by asking what solutions might be possible to the evident public health challenges posed by the addictions web of influence. It proposes key evidence-based transparency and public health reforms that have the best chance of minimizing the burden of disease from addictions in the medium to long term.

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17

China, Microsoft, and Qing hua da xue (Beijing, China). She hui ke xue xi., eds. Nong min gong: She hui rong ru yu jiu ye : yi zheng fu, qi ye he min jian huo ban guan xi wei shi jiao = Peasant workers' social engagement and employment : a perspective from the relations among governments, corporations and NGOs. Beijing Shi: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2008.

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18

Cowhey, Peter F., and Jonathan D. Aronson. Cybersecurity as a Governance Challenge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190657932.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 concentrates on international issues pertaining to cybersecurity. It explains why predictable market incentives lead to unacceptable security risks if governments do not set guidelines. However, government actions face significant issues of international interdependence in creating security. The type of interdependence depends on the market structure and risk factors. The chapter illustrates how different structures of international governance and engagement of multistakeholder organizations have worked in regard to cybersecurity for the finance sector. One case involves the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, an unusual multistakeholder organization of international financial institutions that secures financial transfers across borders. The second case examines policy changes to combat cybercrimes tied to credit card transactions in the U.S. and EU markets and the role played by transatlantic financial institutions in working out the changes.

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19

Brox, Trine, and Elizabeth Williams-Oerberg. Buddhism, Business, and Economics. Edited by Michael Jerryson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199362387.013.42.

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Taking a historical context as a starting point, this chapter illuminates the historical relationship between Buddhism and economic engagements and shows how this relationship has played out in contemporary Asian and non-Asian contexts. With a focus on local practices and understandings of economic exchanges related to “Buddhism”—e.g. lay-monk exchange relations, monastic businesses, spiritual consumerism, and Buddhist branding—it illuminates the economic life of Buddhism and the diverse modalities of Buddhism and economic relations. Moreover, how Buddhists have positioned themselves in relation to a capitalistic market economy, both as a critique and as an engagement, is examined, as well as how marketing strategies have been utilized to secure the position of Buddhists in regional and global contexts. The intersection between Buddhism and the global market economy, the authors argue, reveals an important flashpoint through which one can gain a more complex understanding about contemporary formations of Buddhism, modernity, and globality.

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20

Rose, Deondra. Higher Education Policy and Women’s Citizenship. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190650940.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 considers the role that federal higher education policies have played in the progress that American women have made since the mid-twentieth century. The conventional wisdom suggests that the 1970s—with the emergence of the women’s rights movement and fervent activism by feminist organizations—marked the crucial turning point for gender equality in the United States. Evidence suggests, however, that landmark US higher education policies enacted during the mid-twentieth century have played an important role in the promotion of women to first-class citizenship. Passed prior to and apart from the feminist movement, these programs made it possible for women to gain knowledge and skills that are valued in the labor market and also promote political engagement. Through redistributive and regulatory higher education policies, US lawmakers promoted equal opportunity for women.

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21

Li, Shuangyi. Proust, China and Intertextual Engagement: Translation and Transcultural Dialogue. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.

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22

Li, Shuangyi. Proust, China and Intertextual Engagement: Translation and Transcultural Dialogue. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.

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23

Moon, Jeremy. 7. Prospects and reflections. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199671816.003.0008.

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How should corporate social responsibility (CSR) develop? Can or should other non-market institutions interpose? ‘Prospects and reflections’ looks at the clues to CSR’s future. Despite the growing significance of non-market institutions for framing CSR, it remains a ‘business-oriented’ phenomenon and thus business circumstances will be critical to CSR’s future. At an individual business level, these circumstances can depend on numerous factors, including leadership, commercial fortunes, social impacts, and stakeholder relations. Firstly, the broader factors of economic, business and environmental and social futures are considered. Then the societal expectations of business, in particular the issue of extending CSR to companies and their political engagement are reviewed.

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24

Beider, Harris. Neighbourhood Renewal and Housing Markets: Community Engagement in the US and the UK. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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25

Beider, Harris. Neighbourhood Renewal and Housing Markets: Community Engagement in the US and the UK. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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26

Beider, Harris. Neighbourhood Renewal and Housing Markets: Community Engagement in the US and the UK. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2008.

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27

Hardt, Yvonne. Engagements with the Past in Contemporary Dance. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036767.003.0014.

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For a long time, what has been considered “avant-garde” embodied the “new” and was perceived as different from those dance forms considered traditional, historical, or marked by ethnic inheritance. This chapter traces how contemporary dance performances and dance historical writing have challenged these demarcations as one detects a remarkable trend toward evoking the past in contemporary dance. Numerous artists and festivals increasingly feature works that address the past, having discovered the potential for a self-reflexivity of dance in conversation with its history. From this larger group of artists, the chapter focuses on four contemporary European choreographers: Jér ô me Bel, Xavier Le Roy, Eszter Salamon, and Martin Nachbar to discuss what working with the past in contemporary performance can entail. These choreographers expose different modes of taking up the past; however, they all engage a concept of history understood as a construction based on the needs of the present.

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28

Spillman, Lyn. Culture and Economic Life. Edited by Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195377767.013.6.

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This article examines the role of culture in economic life. Research about economic meaning-making challenges economists’ universalistic assumptions about the microinteractional and motivational meaning of economic action. It also improves on vague sociological stereotypes of “market society,” especially by emphasizing meaningful market action in firms and industries. However, the proliferation of so many different conceptual languages and lines of inquiry that now address “economic culture” threatens to undermine the promise of cultural explanation of economic life. This article first discusses the various “cultural production” accounts of meaning in economic action before outlining three different dimensions of meaning-making in economic sociology. It then considers some proposals and models for putting economic discourse at the center of analysis, arguing that proliferation and eclecticism reflect the need for a more comprehensive and explicit engagement with cultural theory.

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29

Gomez Arana, Arantza. Introduction: the study of European Union relations with Mercosur. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719096945.003.0001.

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This monograph seeks to examine the motivations behind the European Union’s (EU) policy towards the Common Market of the South (Mercosur), the EU’s most important relationship with another regional economic integration organisation. In order to investigate the motivations (or lack there of), this monograph will examine the contribution of the main policy and decision-makers, the European Commission and the Council of Ministers, as well as the different contributions within both institutions. By doing so, it will be possible to show the degree of “involvement”/”engagement” reflected in the EU’s policy towards Mercosur, which is the dependent variable in this study. The analysis offered here examines the development of EU policy towards Mercosur in relation to three key stages: The non-institutionalized relations (1986-1990), official relations (1991-1995), and the negotiations of an association agreement (1996-2007 and 2010-present). This degree of engagement will be measured using a scale of low, medium and high degree. The outcome of the measure is created by analysing two factors, the level of “ambition” and “commitment”.

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30

Harmon, Alexandra J. Indians in the Marketplace. Edited by Frederick E. Hoxie. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858897.013.33.

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This survey of economic history emphasizes American Indians’ varied and varying responses to profit-oriented economic practices introduced by non-Indians. It depicts aboriginal Indian economies as diverse and dynamic though modeled on kin relations and reciprocity. European colonial settlements and Euro-Americans’ ultimate hegemony, fueled by commercial market relations and capitalist development, eventually undermined every indigenous population’s self-sufficiency. Most Indians consequently fell into poverty, but not for lack of strategic and sometimes rewarding engagement with the new market economy. Indians’ many adaptive strategies have included participation in commercial trade, wage labor, and manufacturing, often in order to supplement traditional subsistence practices and further Indian ideals. The chapter stresses that United States policies and law first facilitated the massive transfer of Indian land and resources to non-Indians, but that more recent policy changes and court rulings have enabled some Indians to recoup wealth by operating tribe-owned enterprises.

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31

Beider, Harris. Neighbourhood Renewal and Housing Markets: Community Engagement in the US and UK (Real Estate Issues). Blackwell Publishing Limited, 2007.

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32

Hansen, Jennifer L. A Virtue-Based Approach to Neuro-Enhancement in the Context of Psychiatric Practice. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.42.

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By adopting a virtue-based approach to neuro-enhancement, I argue that facilitating neuro-enhancement within the therapeutic relationship may pervert the practice of psychiatry in so far as it risks corrupting virtues important to the healing project. I further argue that the neuro-enhancement question emerges more often when exclusively principle-based approaches, supported by market-oriented and technological trends in medicine, frame the debate. Finally, I draw on case studies to clarify some varieties of neuro-enhancement in the context of psychiatric practice as well as to specify the three most important virtues undermined by neuro-enhancement—trustworthiness, respect for the healing project, and engagement.

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33

Marschall, Melissa J. Robert D. Putnam,. Edited by Martin Lodge, Edward C. Page, and Steven J. Balla. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646135.013.9.

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This chapter discusses Robert Putnam’s 2000 book,Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, in which he documents the decline in civic engagement, social connectedness and social capital, and sense of community among Americans. Putnam illustrates the devastating effects of these trends for America and Americans by focusing on five “illustrative” fields: child welfare and education, public safety and neighborhood organization, labor- market outcomes and economic performance, health and happiness, and democracy and democracy values. The chapter explains what social capital is and how it works before concluding with an assessment of several areas where scholars have fruitfully engaged or challenged Putnam’s theoretical contribution.

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34

D'Costa, Anthony P., and Achin Chakraborty, eds. The Land Question in India. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792444.001.0001.

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This book takes a fresh look at the land question in India. It goes beyond re-engagement in the rich transition debate by critically examining both theoretically and empirically the role of land in contemporary India. Springing from the political economy discourse surrounding the classic capitalist transition issue in agriculture in India, the book gravitates toward the development discourse that inevitably veers toward land and the role of the state in pushing a process of dispossession of peasants through direct expropriation for developmental purposes. Contemporary dispossession may look similar to the historical process of primitive accumulation that makes room for capitalist agriculture and expanded accumulation. But this volume shows that land in India is sought increasingly for non-agricultural purposes as well. These include risk mitigation by farmers, real estate development, infrastructure development by states often on behalf of business, and special economic zones. Tribal communities (advasis), who depend on land for their livelihoods and a moral economy that is independent of any price-driven markets, hold on to land for collective security. Thus land acquisition continues to be a turbulent arena in which classes, castes, and communities are in conflict with the state and capital, each jockeying to determine the terms and conditions of land transactions or their prevention, through both market and non-market mechanisms. The volume collectively addresses the role of the state involved in the process of dispossession of peasants and tribal communities. It provides new analytical insights into the land acquisition processes, their legal-institutional and ethical implications, and captures empirically the multifaceted regional diversity of the contestations surrounding the acquisition experiences in India.

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35

Elliott, David, Mark Hellowell, and Barbara O'Hanlon. Managing Markets for Health: Improving Access to Essential Health Services Through Engagement of the Private Sector. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2023.

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36

Elliott, David, Mark Hellowell, and Barbara O'Hanlon. Managing Markets for Health: Improving Access to Essential Health Services Through Engagement of the Private Sector. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2022.

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37

Harvey, David. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199283262.001.0001.

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Neoliberalism--the doctrine that market exchange is an ethic in itself, capable of acting as a guide for all human action--has become dominant in both thought and practice throughout much of the world since 1970 or so. Writing for a wide audience, David Harvey, author of The New Imperialism and The Condition of Postmodernity, here tells the political-economic story of where neoliberalization came from and how it proliferated on the world stage. Through critical engagement with this history, he constructs a framework, not only for analyzing the political and economic dangers that now surround us, but also for assessing the prospects for the more socially just alternatives being advocated by many oppositional movements.

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38

Brazil, Kevin. Canvas in the Cold War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824459.003.0002.

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William Gaddis’s The Recognitions is an encyclopaedic collage of 1940s and 1950s American culture, including its art: Abstract Expressionism, appropriation, and a booming market in forgeries. Drawing on letters and unpublished archival material, this chapter shows the ways in which the novel’s focus on authenticity in art, and Gaddis’s work more broadly, arose from his experience of Cold War paranoia and polarization, and his engagement with the legacy of modernist fiction. It then moves on to show the ways in which The Recognitions anticipates with uncanny precision some of the key tensions in subsequent American art between art and objecthood and originality and appropriation, and incorporates these tensions into its own relationship to its historical moment.

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39

Shin, Ki-young. Governance. Edited by Lisa Disch and Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.16.

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This chapter provides a brief overview of the concept of governance, comparing Foucauldian, mainstream, and feminist approaches. It compares central tenets of governmentality and governance, and presents feminist critiques of both. To demonstrate feminist contributions to debates on governance, it analyzes neoliberal imperatives in new governance regimes, gendered dimensions of governance and governmentality neglected by mainstream approaches, and feminist engagement with governance through civil society and NGOization. It demonstrates that while the concept of governance offers new perspectives on the state and the operation of power in an era of neoliberal globalization, the neoliberal reconfiguration of the state and the devolution of responsibilities to the market and civil society pose new challenges for feminists in dealing with far-reaching changes in governmentality and governance.

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40

Yeo, Tim, and Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Energy and Climate Change Committee. Consumer Engagement with Energy Markets : Fifth Report of Session 2012-13, Vol. 2: Oral and Written Evidence. Stationery Office, The, 2012.

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41

Bajpai, Anandita. Speaking the Nation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199481743.001.0001.

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Untangling the logical, lexical, and semantic patterns of the multiple official speeches of Indian prime ministers, Speaking the Nation gauges how the Indian state has been projected by different governments in different times, in the face of challenges from internal and external actors that put pressure on its leaders to safeguard their status as legitimate elites in power. It analyses how Indian nationhood is consistently reshaped and reaffirmed by invoking its secular ethos and practice, as well as the experience of market liberalization. The book calls for serious engagement with political oratory in India. A close reading of speeches since 1991—from Narasimha Rao to Narendra Modi—it captures how, through these crosscutting topics, the prominent ‘authors of the nation’ and the ‘vanguards of the state’, speak India into being.

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42

Yeo, Tim, and Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Energy and Climate Change Committee. Consumer Engagement with Energy Markets : Fifth Report of Session 2012-13, Vol. 1: Report, Together with Formal Minutes. Stationery Office, The, 2012.

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43

Dinan, Desmond. 13. A Special Case. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199570829.003.0014.

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This chapter examines the United Kingdom's troubled relationship with the movement for European integration and with the European Union more generally. Citing speeches made by leading British politicians over the last seventy years, including Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Margaret Thatcher, and David Cameron, the chapter outlines four distinct stages of British association with the EU: a period of detachment in the early years; involvement in a lengthy accession process and renegotiation of membership terms; engagement in effort to reform the budget and launch the single market programme; and growing disillusionment as the EU strengthened along supranational lines and extended its policy remit, notably by embracing the economic and monetary union (EMU). These periods cover a range of important developments, such as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC), the EMU, and the Single European Act.

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44

Stewart, Larry. Physics on Show: Entertainment, Demonstration, and Research in the Long Eighteenth Century. Edited by Jed Z. Buchwald and Robert Fox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696253.013.11.

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This article explores how public performances, research, and devices of demonstration put physics on show during the long eighteenth century. It first considers how demonstration machines made physics real to an amateur audience, how philosophical instrument-makers essentially manufactured the market for public performance, and how entertainment provided by experimental lectures evolved into engagement of many kinds. It then discusses the reactions of audiences to lectures, focusing on the experience of one lecturer: James Dinwiddie. It suggests that those captivated by experimental drama in a cosmopolitan Europe were further drawn to the instrument-makers’ shops. Many sought out apparatus that transformed amusement into their own exploration of nature. While dissemination in the physical sciences clearly had much to do with this commerce in devices, the purchase of apparatus was almost as anonymous as attendance at lectures.

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45

King, David P. Godly Work for a Global Christianity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190280192.003.0004.

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This chapter explores American Christians’ engagement with global Christianity through the movement of money and the institutional evolution of mission societies, faith-based humanitarianism, and markets. Missions, international development, and other mediating forms of international engagement have often served as the place for American Christians’ encounter with the world and a broader global Christianity. These institutional forms have changed rapidly alongside rapid global Christian growth. Yet these evolving institutional and financial relationships not only impact people, profits, and power dynamics overseas but also affect the global outlooks of Americans at home as they envision the world and their own role in it.

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46

Boradkar, Prasad. Taming Wickedness by Interdisciplinary Design. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.37.

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The word “design” is most frequently employed to refer to the action of planning and making (designing something), and to describe the end result or artifact of this action (a design). Designers often refer to their activity as problem-solving and view their work as a response to opportunities and needs in the market identified by corporations, entrepreneurs, consumers, governments, and nonprofit organizations. Design practice tackles problems that can range from the creation of such small things as business cards to the planning of entire urban systems. Horst Rittel argues that the problems design handles are wicked (as well as incorrigible and ill-behaved) and new methodologies are required to tame them. The sheer wickedness and complexity of these issues warrants engagement with other disciplines. This chapter suggests that transdisciplinarity is one of the most promising strategies for dealing with and taming the wicked, ill-behaved, and incorrigible problems of design.

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47

Sweeney, Jill. Word-of-Mouth Marketing. Edited by Erina L. MacGeorge and Lyn M. Van Swol. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630188.013.18.

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Word of mouth (WOM) reflects informal communication between private individuals that evaluates goods and services (Anderson, 1998). It provides a highly credible means of persuasion because the communicator is not seen as having a vested interest in selling the recommended product or service. In this chapter, WOM is conceptualized as a type of advice between private parties (typically consumers), focused on goods or services, and not necessarily purposeful or directive. WOM is a very powerful tool, especially given the relatively new focus in marketing on customer engagement and the customer’s role in value co-creation in the context of market offerings. However, over the decades, a number of myths have developed surrounding the effects of WOM. These myths are challenged within a review of the research literature. Suggestions for future research directions, research methods to capture WOM, and some best practices are also discussed.

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48

Farrall, Stephen, and Susanne Karstedt. Respectable Citizens - Shady Practices. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595037.001.0001.

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Drawing on survey data from a comparative study of England and Wales and the former East and West Germany, this book examines economic crimes of ‘everyday life’, such as overestimating losses in insurance claims, cheating on taxes, misusing store or credit cards, and defrauding medical and social services. The book delves into the extent of both feelings of ‘victimization’ at the hands of insurers, restaurants who add additional charges, banks who make excessive charges, or other citizens during second-hand sales, and of offending, such as deliberately engaging in crimes of everyday life. The study explores the motivations for such offences and how citizens act to defend themselves against victimization and exploit weaknesses in the system to make illegal gains and ‘make good’ on losses. The comparative dimension allows for in-depth insights into the ways in which different national histories of economic transitions affect levels of engagement in crimes in the market place.

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49

Allen, Pauline, Kath Checkland, Valerie Moran, and Stephen Peckham, eds. Commissioning Healthcare in England. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447346111.001.0001.

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This book brings together selected research on commissioning healthcare in the English NHS carried out by national policy research unit in commissioning and the healthcare system (PRUComm) between 2011 and 2018. PRUComm is funded by the English Department of Health’s Policy Research Programme. The bookexplores the changes to commissioning in the English NHS quasi market introduced by the Health and Social Care Act 2012 (HSCA 2012). It focuses on threemain areas: first, the development and operation of the newly formed commissioning bodies named Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) which were supposed to increase clinical engagement; secondly, technical aspects of commissioning being the use of competition and cooperation by CCGs to commission care in the HSCA 2012 regulatory context encouraging competition,and the allocation of financial risk through contracts between commissioners and providers of care (including new forms of contract such as alliances); and thirdly the reorganisation of the commissioning of public health services.The research demonstrates that the HSCA 2012 has had the effect of fragmenting commissioning responsibilities and in the process impaired good governance and strong accountability of commissioners. It shows how the use of market mechanisms has declined despite the pro competition regulatory regime of the HSCA 2012, and that more cooperative processes are used at local level to reconfigure health services. It concludes that strategic planning and monitoring of services will always be essential for the English NHS, whether the term ‘commissioning’ is used to describe these activities or not in the future.

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50

Arjaliès, Diane-Laure, Philip Grant, Iain Hardie, Donald MacKenzie, and Ekaterina Svetlova. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802945.003.0008.

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This chapter summarizes the main arguments of the book, highlighting in particular the importance of the investment chain to an understanding of multiple outcomes in financial markets and of where influence lies within those markets. It joins with previous chapters in emphasizing that much more than money flows through the investment chain, and identifies two main issues with the operation of the investment chain: first, how the views of asset holders are reflected in the final choices of investment and in any engagement with investee companies; second, the unintended consequences of attempts to solve the principal–agent problem. A range of possible solutions to problems in the operations of the investment chain are assessed, including increased disclosure, shortening the investment chain, and passive investment.

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